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114-585: Promising Young Woman is a 2020 film written, directed, and co-produced by Emerald Fennell in her feature directorial debut . It stars Carey Mulligan as a young woman haunted by a traumatic past as she navigates balancing forgiveness and vengeance, with Bo Burnham , Alison Brie , Clancy Brown , Chris Lowell , Jennifer Coolidge , Laverne Cox , and Connie Britton in supporting roles. It incorporates film genres including black comedy , crime drama , feminist film , rape and revenge , and vigilante thriller . Promising Young Woman had its world premiere at
228-810: A Screen Actors Guild Awards nomination, and four AACTA Awards nomination, winning Best International Film and Best International Actress for Mulligan. Most of the awards were directed to Mulligan and Fennell, for the performances, screenplay as well as direction, respectively. Emerald Fennell Emerald Lilly Fennell ( / f ɪ ˈ n ɛ l / ; born 1 October 1985) is an English actress, filmmaker, and writer. She has received numerous accolades, including an Academy Award , two BAFTA Awards , and nominations for three Primetime Emmy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards . Fennell first gained attention for her roles in period films, such as Albert Nobbs (2011), Anna Karenina (2012), and The Danish Girl (2015). She gained prominence for her starring role in
342-513: A bachelorette party or Hen party. Private parties are popular events for which to hire strippers. There are many entertainment businesses that have strippers contracted for private performances. Some of these companies have a national presence, with strippers contracted in multiple states and some who work regionally over a multi-state area. Strippers will also do side work and handle their own agreements and payment arrangements. Written agreements are atypical in this type of transaction unless
456-433: A stripper at the party, Cassie drugs the attendees, handcuffs Al to a bed, and reveals her identity. An altercation occurs and Al suffocates Cassie with a pillow. The next morning, Al's friend Joe helps him burn Cassie's body in the woods. Cassie's parents report her missing . The police question Ryan, who tells them that Cassie was mentally disturbed and conceals her connection to Al's bachelor party. At Al's wedding, Ryan
570-656: A 73% overall positive score, with 43% saying they would definitely recommend the film. Kate Erbland of IndieWire gave the film a "B+" and wrote, "Emerald Fennell's raucous debut, Promising Young Woman , twists its buzzword-laden, spoiler-free synopsis—it's a #MeToo rape revenge thriller with bite!—into something fresh and totally wild." Writing for the Los Angeles Times , Justin Chang said, "The grimly multitasking finale of Promising Young Woman feels both audacious and uncertain of itself, as Fennell tries to meld
684-656: A 90% score on Rotten Tomatoes , and a critical consensus of: "A boldly provocative, timely thriller, Promising Young Woman is an auspicious feature debut for writer-director Emerald Fennell -- and a career highlight for Carey Mulligan." Fennell made a brief uncredited appearance in the film as the host of a 'blowjob lip' make-up tutorial video. She also produced the film with, amongst others, Margot Robbie and her LuckyChap Entertainment production company. The film went on to earn five Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture , Best Director , and Best Original Screenplay for Fennell. She became one of only seven women, and
798-594: A cackle of delight and a blast of fury, with a lingering residue of anguish. It doesn't all come together, though there's an undeniable thrill in seeing it come apart." Linda Holmes of NPR wrote that while Cassie is the film's focus, "Fennell is saying something here, too, about men. About nice men and about men who think they're nice men, or nice enough men." In Variety , Dennis Harvey praised Mulligan's performance as "skillful, entertaining and challenging", but questioned her casting, writing that she wore her "pickup-bait gear like bad drag; even her long blonde hair seems
912-795: A children's fantasy titled Shiverton Hall , was published by Bloomsbury Children's Books in January 2013. It was first released as an ebook by Bloomsbury USA in December 2012. A sequel, titled The Creeper , was published mid-2014. ISFDB catalogues them as the Shiverton Hall series. The novel was shortlisted for the Waterstones Children's Book Prize in 2014. She then released the novel Monsters in September 2015, her first adult horror book. Also in 2015, she appeared in
1026-445: A customer, and are required to remain in their revealing clothing in more restrictive club environments. Private dances in particular are scrutinized to ensure that no club policies or local ordinances are being violated during the performance. The additional clothing also acts as a deterrent to prevent a customer from exceeding the boundaries set by a particular dancer. On 19 June 1964, Carol Doda began go-go dancing topless at
1140-492: A dancer's breasts to one way—from dancer to customer. Many clubs do not allow any breast contact, and some go so far as to place markers on stage that a dancer is not permitted to cross while nude. This physical separation enforces compliance with the no-touch policy. Strippers are banned from dancing fully nude in many jurisdictions, but many dancers will work around the regulations by selectively uncovering their vulva , anus , or both for short periods of time then replacing
1254-504: A film — Albert Nobbs — which we both had tiny parts in. I started in the very early days as a writer in the Season 2 writer's room. Because it's such an unusual show, they did a very loose writers' room for a week just to see, and then wonderfully and luckily for me they promoted me to head writer." The second season began broadcast in April 2019. At the 71st Primetime Emmy Awards , Fennell
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#17327833051781368-628: A final text from Cassie, signed with her and Nina's names. In addition, Alfred Molina appears, uncredited, as lawyer Jordan Green. Emerald Fennell devised the concept of the film in 2017, and sold the script to Margot Robbie 's production company LuckyChap Entertainment after pitching the opening scene. In January 2019, it was announced Carey Mulligan had been set to star in the film, with Fennell directing. In March 2019, Bo Burnham , Alison Brie , Connie Britton , Adam Brody , Jennifer Coolidge , Laverne Cox , Max Greenfield , Christopher Mintz-Plasse , Sam Richardson , and Molly Shannon joined
1482-478: A formal, registered business is involved. They could also travel over significant (i.e. flight required) distances for private events and appointments, most of the time passing the cost of travel and accommodations onto the customer. Patrons at the clubs in which the strippers work are a primary source of customers for their work outside the club. Much like activities inside the club, different dancers have different comfort levels for services they will provide during
1596-458: A high school cheerleader who, after switching bodies with a small time criminal ( Rob Schneider ), starts working at a strip club called Pole Cat. The Raymond Revuebar: The Art of Striptease (2002) is a documentary, directed by Simon Weitzman. Los Debutantes (2003) is a Chilean film set in a strip club in Santiago . In Closer (2004), Natalie Portman plays Alice Ayres aka Jane Jones,
1710-461: A man's ( Bruce Greenwood ) obsession with a schoolgirl stripper named Christina ( Mia Kirshner ). Showgirls (1995) was directed by Paul Verhoeven and starred Elizabeth Berkley and Gina Gershon . Striptease (1996), was an adaptation of the novel starring Demi Moore . The Players Club (1998) starred LisaRaye McCoy as a girl who becomes a stripper to earn enough money to enter college and study journalism. In Jekyll and Hyde (1997),
1824-409: A more acrobatic, explicit form of expression compared to the slow-developing burlesque style. Most strippers work in strip clubs. A house dancer works for a particular club or franchise , while a feature dancer typically has her own celebrity , touring a club circuit and making appearances. Strippers are often not direct employees of clubs but instead perform as independent contractors . Before
1938-486: A movement to improve their work environment and benefits. One potential critique of the organization of strippers and sex workers of other types is that people in management positions in these industries, who are in a position to perpetuate the exploitation that sex workers face, can infiltrate these labor organizations and lobby for the maintenance of a status quo. The Striptease Artists of Australia formed in 2002. The SAA successfully negotiated an industrial award with
2052-573: A nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series . In January 2019, it was announced Fennell would produce, write and direct the comedy thriller film Promising Young Woman , starring Carey Mulligan . Production began in March 2019. Fennell was seven months pregnant during the 23-day shoot. The movie premiered at the 2020 Sundance Film Festival to critical acclaim with, as of August 2023,
2166-521: A number of period drama films, including Albert Nobbs (2011) and Anna Karenina (2012). In 2013, Fennell appeared in the comedy series Blandings and the television film The Lady Vanishes . She then gained prominence for her starring role as Nurse Patsy Mount in the BBC One period drama series Call the Midwife (2013–2017), dyeing her blonde hair red for the role. Fennell's first novel,
2280-506: A particular club or franchise , while feature dancers usually have celebrity status, touring a club circuit and making live appearances. Porn stars often become feature dancers to earn extra income and build their fan base. High-profile adult film performers such as Jenna Haze and Teagan Presley have participated in feature shows throughout the US, as did now-retired stars such as Jenna Jameson . These dancers are not usually direct employees of
2394-437: A performance, both the breasts and the genitals typically remain covered by revealing clothes, while dancers provide services and entertainment. A female stripper whose upper body is exposed, but whose genitals remain covered during a performance, is said to be topless . Strippers who uncover the genital areas while removing the rest of their clothing during a performance are said to be dancing fully nude. The fully nude practice
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#17327833051782508-403: A private party. While working, a stripper is not necessarily required to remove all of their clothing. Regardless of size, name, or location in the world, strip clubs can be full nude, topless or bikini. For any type of strip club there are exceptions based on the individual dancer and management, and clubs are classified based on typical performances, zoning, and advertised services. During
2622-431: A private room on the premises. Depending on the quality of the club, the room, which is away from the hustle and bustle of the main club, is well decorated and usually has its own bar. Clubs sell champagne by the glass or by the bottle for both the dancer and the customer. Strippers can be contracted for performances outside the strip club environment. Some strippers will only strip for private engagements and do not have
2736-731: A put-on". He speculated that producer Margot Robbie may have once been intended for the role instead. Mulligan criticized the comment, saying, "I felt like it was basically saying that I wasn't hot enough to pull off this kind of ruse ... For this film, you're going to write something that is so transparent? Now? In 2020? I just couldn't believe it." Variety issued an apology, saying the review had been insensitive and "minimized" her "daring performance". The National Society of Film Critics defended Harvey's review and criticized Variety' s apology. Harvey responded to Mulligan's comments in The Guardian : "I did not say or even mean to imply Mulligan
2850-448: A rarefied...social set whose family names I recognized from gossip columns and history books… Balfour, Frost, von Bismarck, Guinness, Shaffer." At Oxford, Fennell was spotted by Lindy King of United Agents. Fennell made her acting debut in 2007, appearing in an episode of the crime drama series Trial & Retribution . In 2008, Fennell was commissioned to write a film script, co-produced by Madeleine Lloyd Webber . Titled Chukka , it
2964-472: A regular affiliation with a strip club. Adult industry trade shows often have strippers working, though many of them are affiliated with individual companies and not necessarily freelancers . There are also exhibitions, festivals, and competitions where independent strippers perform. Nudes-A-Poppin' was a popular festival scheduled annually which features both female and male dancers competing in erotic dance. A bachelor party may involve activities beyond
3078-414: A six-foot distance while performing. There are a limited amount of dancers and clubs that condone touching of dancers during private dances, and it is illegal in many U.S. states. In some locales, dancers may give a customer a "lap dance", whereby the dancer grinds against the customer's crotch while they are fully clothed. Other rules forbid "full nudity". In some parts of the US, there are laws forbidding
3192-456: A stage set are their primary form of payment per shift. The dancer qualifies a customer by sizing up their appearance and personal characteristics. Once the dancer identifies her mark, she approaches and attempts to create social relationship with her customer using tactical interactions and manipulations. Alternatively, customers can make the first move and engage the dancer directly. Strippers appeal to masculine desires, but they can adapt to fit
3306-473: A stage show and is mingling with the audience. A customary tip (where customers can do so at the stage) is a dollar bill folded lengthwise and placed in the dancer's garter from the tip rail . Other common tip methods are to insert the dollar into the stripper's cleavage from the hand or mouth, or to simply place it or toss it onto the stage. Tipping during a stage performance is prohibited by some clubs due to restrictions in local ordinance or past incidents on
3420-648: A story most everyone knows". The show closed in June 2023. On 22 March 2021, Fennell was attached to write a Zatanna film for Warner Brothers, set in the DC Extended Universe . On 18 May 2021, Mark Millar revealed that Fennell had written the latest screenplay of the film adaptation of his comic Nemesis . In 2023, Fennell told The New Yorker Radio Hour that she is no longer attached to either film. In July 2022, Cuban-Spanish actress Ana de Armas stated in an interview with Elle that Fennell
3534-498: A strip club. Barely Phyllis is a play on Phyllis Dixey which was first staged at the Pomegranate Theatre, Chesterfield in 2009. The Hangover (2009) features Heather Graham as a Las Vegas stripper and escort who marries Stu ( Ed Helms ) despite his plan to propose to his controlling girlfriend ( Rachael Harris ). She reprised her role in the sequel The Hangover III . The seventh episode of season 6 of
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3648-461: A stripper making money to support her sick mother and is also being abused by her manager. In the TV series La que se avecina , Lola Reynolds (played by Macarena Gómez ), changes her job and works as a stripper after know she will earn more money. Strippers have been the inspiration for a number of musical artists, with several of the songs resulting in hit singles. An instrumental, " The Stripper ",
3762-473: A stripper who is hired by her drug dealer neighbor to pose as his wife in order to smuggle marijuana from Mexico into America. Lap Dance (2014), which stars Briana Evigan and Carmen Electra , focuses on an aspiring actress who makes a pact with her husband to take a job as an exotic dancer so she can make money to care for her cancer-stricken father. It is based on the true story of the film's director Greg Carter. Dixieland (2015) involves Riley Keough as
3876-774: A tendency to treat female customers differently than males. Because of the non-physical motivations ascribed to female intimacy, dancers select women to approach who are smiling and sitting comfortably with open body language such as uncrossed arms, actively participating with the crowd, laughing and engaging with fellow customers, and applauding for dancers at the main stage also increase the likelihood they will be approached. Dancers tend to avoid women with unfriendly facial expressions or visibly hostile body language, again regardless of sexual orientation. In order to become approached, men must indicate financial potential through their appearance. Women must demonstrate their good attitude and willingness to participate in club activities. At that point,
3990-424: A trip to the champagne room for a set fee rather than a tip. This fee will typically include a set fee for the room, for a set amount of time. Private dances in the main club areas most often take the form of table dances , lap and couch dances , and bed dances among others. An air dance is a particular form of private dance where little to no contact between the dancer and customer occurs. This class of dance spans
4104-430: A woman's perceived profitability is also a factor in a dancer's decision to approach a female patron. The presence of male companionship has been cited in research as an indicator used by dancers to gauge the profitability of a female once she is perceived to be a customer. The image of strippers has evolved through the late 1960s and 1970s in the U.S. and international cultures which embraced Americanized striptease. By
4218-557: A young American stripper who arrives in London, England. Portman won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture for her performance. Rob Zombie 's 2007 Halloween remake features Michael Myers ' mother Deborah (played by Zombie's wife Sheri Moon Zombie ), dancing to " Love Hurts " by Nazareth . I Know Who Killed Me (2007) stars Lindsay Lohan as Dakota Moss, an alluring stripper involved in
4332-415: Is 'not hot enough' for the role.'" He pointed out that he was a 60-year-old gay man and did not "go around dwelling on the comparative hotnesses of young actresses". Aisha Harris of NPR stated that Cassie does not get satisfaction from her acts of revenge, something differing from characters in other thrillers where characters take revenge. A. A. Dowd of The A.V. Club stated that Ryan Cooper initially
4446-616: Is a fashion designer. Fennell's 18th birthday, documented by British high-society magazine Tatler , was attended by socialite Poppy Delevingne , Lady Alexandra Gordon Lennox (daughter of Charles Gordon-Lennox, 11th Duke of Richmond ) and Alice Rugge-Price (great-granddaughter of the 7th Rugge-Price baronet ). Fennell was educated at Marlborough College , a public school in Marlborough, Wiltshire. She then studied English at Greyfriars, Oxford , where she acted in university plays. Fennell was, writes journalist K.J. Yossman, "part of
4560-469: Is a son who was born in 2019. She confirmed that she was pregnant with their second child at the 93rd Academy Awards in April 2021. Short film Acting roles Acting roles Stripper A stripper or exotic dancer is a person whose occupation involves performing striptease in a public adult entertainment venue such as a strip club . At times, a stripper may be hired to perform at private events. Modern forms of stripping minimize
4674-403: Is an auspicious feature debut for writer-director Emerald Fennell – and a career highlight for Carey Mulligan." Metacritic , which uses a weighted average , assigned the film a score of 72 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews. Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, while those polled by PostTrak gave it
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4788-399: Is banned in many jurisdictions, but many dancers work around these constraints by selective uncovering of the vulva , anus , or both, for short periods of time, followed by immediate replacement of the clothing. In many clubs, entertainers will walk the floor in their revealing clothing. When a stripper performs personal services (such as lap or bed dances ) they come into contact with
4902-415: Is banned in many jurisdictions, but strippers have been known to work around the constraints by selectively uncovering her breasts "peek-a-boo" style for short periods of time then replacing the clothing. For a male dancer , a bare chest is not considered in the same light and does not face the same legal restrictions . During a show where customer tipping is permitted, most strip clubs limit contact with
5016-542: Is contrasted with predatory men and "represents the possibility of forgiveness, a light at the end of the dark tunnel [Cassie has] been traveling through since college." In regards to why Ryan chooses to cover for his friends when the police interview him, Fennell said: "He so wants to be good. But he's not going to blow up his own life." In regards to the reveal showing his true character, Dowd said: "Even those who didn't participate are complicit for their silence, their justifications, their refusal to intervene." Dowd added that
5130-406: Is deeply remorseful for his actions. Jordan, who is on a leave of absence after a nervous breakdown, describes how easy it is to build a case against a rape victim. Cassie chooses to forgive him, and later visits Nina's mother, who encourages her to move on with her life. Cassie reconnects with Ryan. They begin dating and fall in love. Madison confronts Cassie at home, and Cassie assures her that she
5244-490: Is graphic in its depiction of dancer rivalry ( older dancers gag at what new talent seems to mean, smaller tits and younger limbs ) and customers longing to bed them. Public acceptance of the music has not faltered, and many dancers perform to these and other songs depicting women in subjectively negative ways while on stage. Achille Lauro represented San Marino in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 with
5358-498: Is stunned to receive a scheduled text from Cassie, indicating that her plan is not finished. The police arrive at the reception to arrest Al and Joe. Flashbacks reveal that Jordan had received a package with the cell phone and instructions in case Cassie did not return from the bachelor party. The police had discovered a half-heart necklace with Nina's name on it in Cassie's burnt remains. Al is arrested for Cassie's murder as Ryan receives
5472-497: Is the formation of labor unions, which involves formal membership. These strippers' unions have tended to focus on economic and workers' rights rather than civil rights, which constitutes a significant departure from the advocacy groups for prostitutes' rights that began in the 1970s and 1980s. The stigma attached to sex work also creates another obstacle to organization because many strippers and other types of sex workers are uncomfortable with declaring their profession publicly, even in
5586-565: Is the norm for female strippers. This is different from the Chippendales scene that emerged to prominence in the 1980s with today's norm being one sole performer, or a series of individual performers rather than a group of strippers. The social psychologist Richard Tewksbury says that male strippers 'masculinise' the role; thus are not disempowered in the way that, he asserts, female strippers are. Ethnographic research has observed that strippers, regardless of sexual orientation , have
5700-477: The 50th Telluride Film Festival . It received generally positive reviews, with critics praising the performances and cinematography, while criticizing its ending. On Rotten Tomatoes , the film's critical consensus states: "Emerald Fennell's candy-coated and incisive Saltburn is a debauched jolt to the senses that will be invigorating for most." In July 2024, she announced that her next film would be an adaptation of Emily Brontë ’s novel Wuthering Heights . It
5814-477: The 74th British Academy Film Awards , including Best Director for Fennell, Best Actress for Mulligan, and Best Supporting Actor for Burnham. It was finalized at six categories and won two awards, for Best Original Screenplay and Outstanding British Film . It was nominated for four categories at the 78th Golden Globe Awards , and six at the 26th Critics' Choice Awards . It won Best Actress for Mulligan and Best Original Screenplay for Fennell. It further received
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#17327833051785928-576: The BBC One drama series Call the Midwife (2013–2017) and for her portrayal of Camilla Parker-Bowles in the Netflix drama series The Crown (2019–2020), the latter of which garnered her a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. As a writer-director, Fennell is known as the showrunner for season two of the BBC spy thriller series Killing Eve (2019), which earned her two Primetime Emmy Award nominations. She made her feature film directorial debut with
6042-641: The CBS crime drama Criminal Minds focuses on the BAU team tracking down a trio of young men, one of whom is revealed to be the son of the sheriff leading the investigation, who kidnap, rape, and murder several exotic dancers in Indiana . The 2012 film Magic Mike and 2015 sequel Magic Mike XXL are fictionalized stories of the lives of several male performers. In We're the Millers (2013), Jennifer Aniston plays
6156-606: The Condor Club on Broadway and Columbus in the North Beach neighborhood of San Francisco. She became the world's most famous go-go dancer, and a prototype for the modern stripper, while dancing at the Condor for 22 years. Women are at times employed in adult-only venues to perform or pose topless in forms of commercial erotic entertainment. Such venues can range from downmarket strip clubs to upmarket cabarets , such as
6270-592: The Critics' Choice Awards , Writers' Guild Awards , and British Academy Film Awards . Cassie Thomas is a 30-year-old medical school dropout who works in a coffee shop and spends her evenings going to bars and clubs and pretending to be drunk, then confronting anyone if they attempt to take sexual advantage of her intoxication. It's slowly revealed that Cassie quit medical school after the public rape of her lifelong best friend, Nina Fisher, who subsequently dropped out and committed suicide when her alleged rapist, Al Monroe,
6384-563: The Moulin Rouge . Topless entertainment may also include competitions such as wet T-shirt contests in which women display their breasts through translucent wet fabric—and may end up removing their T-shirts before the audience. Strippers can engage in these alternate topless activities at sanctioned times inside the club or as independent contractors at outside venues. Not all strippers are comfortable dancing topless . In areas where choice in formats exist, exotic dancers express concern that
6498-673: The Sundance Film Festival on January 25, 2020, and was theatrically released in the United States on December 25, 2020, by Focus Features . It received acclaim from critics, with praise for Fennell's direction and screenplay and Mulligan's performance, and it grossed over $ 20 million worldwide. The film won Best Original Screenplay at the 93rd Academy Awards , with additional nominations for Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actress (Mulligan), and Best Film Editing . Fennell also won Best Original Screenplay at
6612-510: The Sundance Film Festival on January 25, 2020. It was initially scheduled to be released theatrically on April 17, 2020, but was pulled from the schedule due to the initial closures of movie theaters that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic . It was theatrically released on December 25, 2020, instead, and on video on demand on January 15, 2021. The Blu-ray was released on March 16, 2021. Promising Young Woman grossed $ 6.4 million in
6726-469: The Windmill Theatre , opened in London, and began to present nude shows, British law prohibited performers moving whilst in a state of nudity. To get around that rule, models appeared naked in stationary tableaux vivants . To keep within the law, sometimes devices were used which rotated the models without them moving themselves. Fan dances were another device used to keep performances within
6840-740: The 1970s, strippers in Western cultures were almost invariably female, performing to male audiences, usually in strip clubs. At the same time, strippers of all genders were dancing in underground clubs or as part of a theatre experience. Since the 1970s, mainstream stripping has adopted a greater gender diversity and male strippers have become an established form of entertainment for female audiences. Their performances are usually fully choreographed, involving dance routines and costumes. Certain male and female strippers also perform for LGBT audiences as well as for all genders in bisexual contexts. The term "male stripper" has decreased in use in books published in
6954-455: The 1980s pole dancing had become popular in America, and the highly sexual imagery associated with the period's performers was widely accepted and frequently portrayed in film, television, and theater. In addition to lesser-known videos, the 1980s also featured mainstream films involving strippers and their work as part of the central narrative. These included Flashdance (1983), which told
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#17327833051787068-411: The 21st century. Strippers perform striptease for a number of reasons, predominantly to make money. The physical attractiveness , sex appeal and techniques of the dancer determines the business the stripper tends to generate. In some localities, strippers are required to obtain permits to work in adult entertainment. Most of the time dancers have to audition to get the job. Once a dancer has secured
7182-491: The Blue Iguana (2000) is a feature film starring Sandra Oh and Daryl Hannah . The female cast of the film researched the film by dancing at strip clubs and created their parts and their storylines to be as realistic as possible. Stripsearch (2001–), an ongoing Australian reality television show which centers around the training of male strippers. The Hot Chick (2002) stars Rachel McAdams , in her film debut, as
7296-628: The Men" was too "risqué"). In Neighbours (1985), the character of Daphne is originally a stripper at Des's bucks party, and eventually goes on to marry him. Married... with Children (1987–97) often featured Al Bundy , Jefferson D'Arcy , and the NO MA'AM crew spending a night at the Nudie Bar. In The Sopranos (1999–2007) business was often conducted at the Bada Bing strip club. Dancing at
7410-654: The United States and Canada, and $ 12.3 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $ 18 million. In North America, the film was released alongside Wonder Woman 1984 , News of the World , and Pinocchio , and was projected to gross around $ 2 million in its opening weekend. It went on to debut to $ 719,305, finishing fifth at the box office. Some 63% of the audience were female, and 74% were aged over 25. The film dropped 4.4% in its second weekend to $ 687,900, then made $ 586,285 in its third weekend, finishing sixth both times. The film continued to hold well in
7524-488: The cash earned to support themselves throughout their studies" and likely to come from middle class backgrounds. The study also stated that "students were now a 'core supply group into the sex industries', with clubs even targeting freshers' week events with recruitment leaflets." This is supported by a 2014 story in the New York Daily News regarding San Francisco strip clubs taking out recruitment ads in
7638-596: The cast, with Angela Zhou and Clancy Brown being added in April. Principal photography began in Los Angeles on March 26, 2019, lasting 23 days. The majority of exterior shots were filmed at Campus South, part of the Lanterman property at Cal Poly Pomona . The film production crew deliberately chose male actors who previously played characters known as good or wholesome to reinforce the idea that predators can be anyone. Fennell created "mood boards" to illustrate to
7752-415: The casting of Burnham, who "comes across as nonthreatening" and has "a boyish quality", assisted the use of the character. Harris stated that Christopher Mintz-Plasse 's portrayal of Neil had "just the right amount of creepy, entitled energy." Promising Young Woman was nominated for five categories at the 93rd Academy Awards and won Best Original Screenplay . This film was longlisted in 13 categories at
7866-485: The character of Lucy Harris (originally portrayed by Linda Eder ) works as a prostitute and stripper in a small London club called The Red Rat, where she meets a multi-dimension man named Doctor Henry Jekyll, who turns into his evil persona Mr. Edward Hyde. Lucy performs the song "Bring on the Men" during a show at The Red Rat (which was later replaced with "Good 'n' Evil" in the Broadway production, some claiming "Bring on
7980-525: The classification of dancers as independent contractors has been challenged in court, successfully in Massachusetts in 2009. One of the more notorious local ordinances is San Diego Municipal Code 33.3610, specific and strict in response to allegations of corruption among local officials which included contacts in the nude entertainment industry. Among its provisions is the "six foot rule", copied by other municipalities in requiring that dancers maintain
8094-501: The clothing. For a male dancer, exposing the penis or anus is equivalent. Not all strippers are comfortable dancing fully nude. If viewed as a continuum, fewer dancers will dance topless than go-go and fewer still would dance fully nude. It has been reported when in direct competition with more conservative offerings, fully nude formats are seen by customers as a superior enough substitute for them to switch clubs. In areas where choice in formats exist, exotic dancers express concern that
8208-493: The club but instead perform as independent contractors for a predetermined house fee. Most clubs have a dancer rotation where each dancer in turn will perform for one or more songs in a fixed sequence, which repeats during a shift. More informal clubs will have dancers take turns when a stage becomes empty or have a free flow of entertainers, where they can wander off and on stage at their own will. Feature entertainers have set times for their performance, and are not usually part of
8322-427: The crew how Cassie has wildly different facets of her personality. In the first draft of the script, Fennell planned to end the film at the time Cassie's body was burned, but the production's financiers balked at having a negative ending. Prior to writing the script, Fennell initially considered an ending where Cassie appears at the wedding and kills the men responsible, but she deemed it unrealistic. She decided to have
8436-416: The customer standing in these designated areas. A service provided by many clubs is for a customer to be placed on stage with one or more dancers for a public lap dance. Occasions for this type of performance are bachelor parties and birthdays in the club among others. Bed dances are designed for the customer to be lying down with the entertainer(s) positioned on top of them. Bed dances are the least common of
8550-447: The customer's lap as a precautionary measure. Strippers are focused on making money from customers. Strippers are employed as independent contractors and expected to generate income themselves making the profession similar to a sales job. How dancers go about maximizing revenue varies. For customers they do not already know, dancers use factors such as clothing, shoes, age, and race to determine whom they wish to interact with. Dancers are
8664-603: The customer's lap, clothed or topless. In parts of the US, there are laws forbidding the exposure of female nipples, which the dancers must cover with pasties . The common practice of hiring strippers as contractors rather than full-time employees often leads to job insecurity, unstable pay and a lack of health benefits. Strippers are also sometimes required to pay fees to the club for renting their stage. Strippers typically use make-up, costume, and perfume to enhance their performance. Strippers most commonly work as providers of live entertainment in strip clubs. House dancers work for
8778-564: The customer(s). Table dances should not be confused with table stages, where the stripper is at or above eye level on a platform surrounded by chairs and usually enough table surface for customers to place drinks and tip money. These stages are configured for close viewing of the striptease and are known for dancers lowering themselves from the stage onto customers during their set. Lap dances can be (and are) performed in all manner of seating, ranging from plain stools and kitchen-grade chairs to plush leather armchairs. They can also be performed with
8892-413: The different categories above, and some dancers can perform air dances when more contact-heavy forms of dance were expected and paid for. Table dances are distinguished from other forms of dances in that they can be performed where the customer is seated on the main floor. Table dances also refer to a form of minimal touch private dance where the performer is physically located on a small table in front of
9006-413: The ending where Cassie has a backup revenge plan as she felt Cassie would be thorough in her planning and she would be aware she could die. Additionally, Fennell stated that having Al apprehended at his wedding would reflect Cassie's sense of humor. The production had a budget around $ 10 million. In February 2019, Focus Features acquired distribution rights to the film. It had its world premiere at
9120-635: The exposure of female nipples, which have thus to be covered by pasties by the dancer (though not applied to the exposure of male nipples). In early 2010, the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan banned fully exposed breasts in its strip clubs, following the example of Houston, Texas who began enforcing a similar ordinance in 2008. The Detroit city council has since softened the rules eliminating the requirement for pasties but kept other restrictions. Both municipalities were reputed to have rampant occurrences of illicit activity including prostitution linked to its striptease establishments within their city limits. In 1930
9234-675: The first British woman, to earn a nomination in the directing category. As well, Fennell's directing nomination alongside that of Chloé Zhao marked the first instance of two women earning directing nominations in the same year. For the film, she received Best Original Screenplay awards at the Critics Choice Awards , the Writers Guild of America Awards , and the Academy Awards . In January 2020, Andrew Lloyd Webber announced he would collaborate with Fennell on
9348-558: The guise of returning to medical school, and finds that the dean only vaguely remembers Nina's case and even had Al return to give a talk at the school recently. Walker justifies her actions until Cassie gaslights and tells her that she has just dropped her daughter off in the dorm room where Nina was raped with some drunk male students. Terrified, Walker demands to know where her daughter is, finally admitting her own complicity and inaction before Cassie admits she's safe nearby. Next, Cassie meets with Al's lawyer, Jordan Green, and finds that he
9462-401: The interaction of strippers with customers, reducing the importance of the tease in the performance in favor of speed of undress (the strip ). Not all strippers are comfortable dancing topless or fully nude, but in general, full nudity is common where not prohibited by law . The integration of the burlesque pole as a frequently used prop has shifted the emphasis in the performance toward
9576-429: The job the formal training is minimal, primarily on the job and provided by more senior dancers. Dancers learn a set of rules, such as never leave money unattended; never leave the club with a customer; and never refuse a table dance. Touching strippers is not permitted in many localities; few dancers and clubs allow touching of dancers during private dances. If permitted, during a lap dance the dancer may dance sitting in
9690-412: The law. These allowed a naked dancer's body to be concealed by her fans or those of her attendants, until the end of an act, when she posed naked for a brief interval whilst standing stock still, and the lights went out or the curtain dropped to allow her to leave the stage. In 2010, Iceland outlawed striptease . Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir , Iceland's prime minister, said: "The Nordic countries are leading
9804-423: The machinations of a serial killer, and features a long striptease sequence at a strip club. In Planet Terror (2007), Rose McGowan plays go-go dancer Cherry Darling who, after having her leg eaten by a zombie, uses an assault rifle as a prosthetic leg. In the two-part season 6 finale of Degrassi: The Next Generation , Alex Nunez resorts to stripping after she and her mother do not have enough money to pay
9918-418: The more they offer in their performance (nudity included) the more they stand to profit . Still, strippers have been known to dance only at topless clubs because of their desire not to strip completely nude. Some clubs permit both nude stage dancing and fully nude lap dances. Where nude private dances are allowed with contact, some dancers choose to place some type of barrier (cloth or occasionally plastic) over
10032-418: The more they offer in their performance (nudity included) the more they stand to profit. Even the dancers that will go topless have been known to stay covered during a dance during slow periods in the club with few customers. This is particularly true if the customers do not appear to be engaged or actively tipping because they are not being compensated for their time on stage. The practice of topless dancing
10146-463: The musical Cinderella , which opened in London in August 2021. The West End production received generally positive reviews from critics. It made the transfer to Broadway in 2023, entitled Bad Cinderella , with Fennell's original book adapted by playwright Alexis Scheer. Naveen Kumar for Variety criticized the revised book, writing, "[it's] an illogical head-scratcher, despite being based on
10260-532: The needs of female patrons to view them as customers. Adapting the experience to the customer is an integral part of exotic dancing. In the 21st century, as adult themes and work are becoming more commonplace, more of the population is attracted to this type of work. For example, a University of Leeds study, published by the British Journal of Sociology of Education , revealed that as many as one third of "strip club dancers are students, with many using
10374-414: The period drama film The Danish Girl and the fantasy film Pan . In 2016, Fennell wrote two episodes of the sitcom Drifters and also appeared in an episode as Lizzie. She then guest starred as Ada Lovelace in an episode of the period drama series Victoria (2017) and starred as Vanessa Bell in the period drama film Vita & Virginia (2018). In July 2018, it was announced that Fennell
10488-452: The premises. Each club and dancer will have individual tolerance levels for customer interaction including tipping. Some clubs will have multiple stages on the premises that dancers will move between, but typically the dancer would collect for her time on the main stage during a rotation. Tips can also be collected during private dances. Where legal (or legal restrictions are ignored), dancers may offer additional services such as lap dances or
10602-521: The primary enablers to encourage potential patrons to spend time in strip clubs. The dancers continually interact with the customers in the club by walking around and attempting to solicit drinks and lap dances, usually scanning the floor of a club to find the most lucrative customer to target. While clubs can generate revenue through means such as cover charges and drink fees, dancers make most of their profit from giving lap dances or VIP dances where regulations allow. Otherwise, customer tips to dancers from
10716-479: The rent on their apartment. Darren Aronofsky 's 2008 drama film The Wrestler features Marisa Tomei playing a stripper and single mother who is romantically pursued by professional wrestler Randy "The Ram" Robinson ( Mickey Rourke ). Tomei received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance. Zombie Strippers (2008) chronicles a zombie virus that makes its way to
10830-410: The rotation. If a DJ is present, they will emcee the rotation, advertise the feature entertainers performance and typically announce the current dancer(s) on stage and possibly whom to expect in future sets. During each set of one or more songs, the current performer will dance on stage in exchange for tips. Dancers collect tips from customers either while on stage or after the dancer has finished
10944-518: The show, or only remove all clothing for a brief time. Performances are usually fully choreographed, involve dance routines and a costume of some sort. Prominent male strip groups include the Dreamboys in the UK & Chippendales in the US. A male stripper will likely perform at club, bar, workplace or private home with private advanced bookings or ladies nights being prevalent over strip clubs which
11058-448: The song " Stripper ". Duke Nukem 3D , released in 1996, became the original pioneer video game for the inclusion of strippers. The Grand Theft Auto series has strippers and strip clubs in many of its games, starting with Grand Theft Auto: Vice City (2002). Many U.S. jurisdictions have specific laws on the books related to striptease, with more being added increasing both complexity of enforcement and impact. For example,
11172-415: The story of blue-collar worker Alexandra "Alex" Owens ( Jennifer Beals ), who works as an exotic dancer in a Pittsburgh bar at night and at a steel mill as a welder during the day. Blaze (1989) features Lolita Davidovitch as notorious stripper Blaze Starr . Starr herself appears in the film in a cameo role. Exotica (1994), directed by Atom Egoyan , is set in a Canadian lap-dance club, and portrays
11286-456: The subsequent weekends, including seeing a 16% bump following its four Golden Globe nominations, with a running total of $ 5.1 million by February 21. Promising Young Woman received highly positive reviews from critics. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , 90% of 427 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The website's consensus reads: "A boldly provocative, timely thriller, Promising Young Woman
11400-408: The three, and in many clubs, these are a more expensive option than a lap dance because of the novelty and increased level of contact between customer and service provider. A champagne room (also called a champagne lounge or champagne court ) is a specialized VIP Room service offered by gentleman's clubs where a customer can purchase time (usually in half-hour increments) with an exotic dancer in
11514-613: The thriller Promising Young Woman (2020), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , and received nominations for Best Picture and Best Director . Fennell also wrote the book for Andrew Lloyd Webber 's musical Cinderella (2021) and directed her second film, the psychological thriller Saltburn (2023). Fennell was born in Hammersmith in London to jewellery designer Theo Fennell and author Louise Fennell ( née MacGregor). Her sister, Coco Fennell,
11628-742: The university newspaper for the University of California at Berkeley , The Daily Californian . One distinction made is that many view working as a strip club dancer as a short-term means to address financial needs, while others view it as a profession and go on to other types of sex work such as performing in adult films . Until the 1970s, strippers in Western cultures were almost invariably female, performing to male audiences. Male and female strippers also perform for all types of adult audiences. The modern male stripper show usually involves full nudity , although sometimes they may retain underwear, especially g-strings, bikini briefs or thongs throughout
11742-409: The usual party and social-gathering ingredients, such as going to a strip club or hiring a stripper to perform in a private setting like a home or hotel. In some traditions, there are hazing -like tests and pranks at the future groom's expense. These pranks can involve a stripper if the entertainer is willing. Some women also participate in a similar party to be held for the bride-to-be. This is known as
11856-478: The way on women's equality, recognizing women as equal citizens rather than commodities for sale." The politician behind the bill, Kolbrún Halldórsdóttir , said: "It is not acceptable that women or people in general are a product to be sold." As the sex industry has grown and become a more established sector of national economies, sex workers—strippers included—have mobilized to negotiate or demand workplace rights . One means of collectivization pursued by strippers
11970-454: Was a No. 1 hit on the U.S. pop singles charts for David Rose and His Orchestra in 1962. That song pre-dated the opening of what is considered to be the first modern strip club, Condor Club on Broadway in the U.S. city of San Francisco, California . " Private Dancer " by Tina Turner was an international hit and her second highest-charting single reaching No. 7 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. " Girls, Girls, Girls " by Mötley Crüe
12084-554: Was a romantic comedy about a group of teenagers who fight the closure of their school by taking on the rich kids at polo. She went on to guest star in episodes of the comedy drama New Tricks and the period drama Any Human Heart , both in 2010. Also that year, she made her feature film debut in the crime drama Mr Nice . Fennell starred as Agnes in the Channel 4 sitcom Chickens (2011–2013), alongside Simon Bird , Joe Thomas and Jonny Sweet . She also had supporting roles in
12198-586: Was also a Top 20 hit on the U.S. charts. T-Pain had a No. 5 hit on the Billboard chats with " I'm 'n Luv (Wit a Stripper) " in 2006. Hip hop artist Flo Rida had two No. 1 hits in the U.S. in the 2000s with " Right Round " and " Low ". For both hip-hop artists, the depictions of strippers and expressions of lust are far more explicit than in songs released in earlier music eras. This is not limited to hip-hop, with contemporary songs in other styles of music sharing similar traits. "Worked Up So Sexual" by The Faint
12312-408: Was announced that Margot Robbie and Jacob Elordi would be starring as Cathy and Heathcliff respectively, casting that was widely criticized online due to Robbie being cast as a teenage protagonist and Elordi playing a role described as "dark-skinned" in the original novel. Fennell's husband is film and advertising director and producer Chris Vernon. The couple have two children, the elder of whom
12426-540: Was cleared of wrongdoing. Cassie becomes reacquainted with Ryan Cooper, a former classmate, who persuades her to go on a date with him. Ryan reveals that Al is soon to get married. Angered that Al has found success and happiness, while Nina is dead, Cassie begins to orchestrate revenge against the people that contributed to Al not being held accountable for the rape. First, Cassie meets with Madison McPhee, another former classmate, who blames Nina for her own assault because she often drank to excess, adding, "What did she think
12540-400: Was going to happen?" Cassie drugs Madison's wine and hires a man to take her to a hotel room to gaslight her into thinking she's been raped. Madison later leaves Cassie multiple distressed voicemails. Cassie then targets Elizabeth Walker, the dean who dismissed Nina's case. Pretending to be a makeup artist for a popular band, she lures Walker's daughter into her car. She meets with Walker under
12654-503: Was hired by her close friend Phoebe Waller-Bridge as head writer for the second season of the BBC spy thriller series Killing Eve , replacing Waller-Bridge, who remained as a producer. Fennell wrote six episodes for the season and also became one of the show's executive producers. Speaking to The New York Times , Fennell said "Phoebe [Waller-Bridge] and I had worked together in the past, and we’ve been friends for nearly 10 years. We met on
12768-614: Was hired to contribute to the script of the John Wick spin-off film Ballerina as one of its writers. The film is slated for release in June 2025. In 2023, Fennell had a brief role as Midge in Greta Gerwig 's fantasy comedy film Barbie . Also in 2023, Fennell wrote, produced, and directed her second feature film, Saltburn , a black comedy and psychological thriller starring Barry Keoghan , Jacob Elordi , Rosamund Pike and Richard E. Grant . The film premiered at
12882-416: Was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series as a producer and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series for the episode "Nice and Neat". On 23 October 2018, it was announced that Fennell would play Camilla Shand in the third season of the Netflix period drama series The Crown . She continued playing the role in the fourth season, which earned her
12996-430: Was not actually assaulted. Madison provides a phone containing a video of Nina's rape, revealing Ryan's presence at the party. Cassie confronts Ryan, who claims he was too drunk to remember the incident and should be forgiven because he was so young. Threatening to release the video, Cassie forces Ryan to reveal Al's bachelor party location. He begs for her forgiveness, but she refuses and they part acrimoniously. Posing as
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