63-459: RRI may refer to: Radio [ edit ] Radio Republik Indonesia , the Indonesian public radio network Radio Romania International RRI 1 RRI 2 Other uses [ edit ] Raman Research Institute , Bangalore, India RepRisk Index, a proprietary risk metric Responsible Research and Innovation , notion used by
126-655: A few Indonesians were able to gain a larger role in commerce. The Indonesian independence movement began in May 1908, which is commemorated as the " Day of National Awakening " ( Indonesian : Hari Kebangkitan Nasional ). Indonesian nationalism and movements supporting independence from Dutch colonialism, such as Budi Utomo , the Indonesian National Party (PNI), Sarekat Islam and the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), grew rapidly in
189-518: A lesser extent in Sumatra (Indonesia's two dominant islands), the Japanese spread and encouraged nationalist sentiment. Although this was done more for Japanese political advantage than from altruistic support of Indonesian independence, this support created new Indonesian institutions (including local neighbourhood organisations) and elevated political leaders such as Sukarno. Just as significantly for
252-637: A maximum of four main stations in a region (availability are vary, see below), one of them is a national simulcast. Three other services are transmitted locally, producing local programmes as well as relaying programmes from RRI central station in Jakarta. On shortwave and online, Voice of Indonesia broadcasts as an overseas broadcaster, airing general information, music and entertainment. AM 999 kHz RRI Pro 1, RRI Pro 2, and RRI Pro 4 operates 19 hours every day, starting 5am to 12am local time. Availability of Pro 1, Pro 2, Pro 3, and Pro 4 as of November 2021
315-531: A more reasoned approach. Some leaders, such as the leftist Tan Malaka , spread the idea that this was a revolutionary struggle to be led and won by the Indonesian pemuda . Sukarno and Hatta, by contrast, were more interested in planning government and institutions to achieve independence through diplomacy. Pro-revolution demonstrations took place in large cities, including one in Jakarta on 19 September with over 200,000 people, which Sukarno and Hatta, fearing violence, successfully quelled. By September 1945, many of
378-1116: A mouthpiece for the government". On 20 May 2021, First Commission of the DPR appointed Rohanudin as one of the members of the 2021-2026 RRI Supervisory Board from the RRI elements. Regional logos Service logos Indonesian National Revolution [REDACTED] Indonesia [REDACTED] Netherlands [REDACTED] United Kingdom [REDACTED] Sukarno [REDACTED] M. Hatta [REDACTED] Sudirman [REDACTED] O. Soemohardjo [REDACTED] HB IX [REDACTED] Gatot Soebroto [REDACTED] A.H Nasution and others... • United Kingdom : 980 killed • Japan : 1,293 killed • 5,500–20,000 Indo people and European civilians killed and 2,500 missing 1946 1947–1948 1949 Post- RTC Taishō period Shōwa period 18th century 19th century 20th century The Indonesian National Revolution ( Indonesian : Revolusi Nasional Indonesia ), also known as
441-593: A peak in November and December, with 1,200 killed in Bandung as the pemuda returned to the offensive. In March 1946, departing Republicans responded to a British ultimatum for them to leave the city of Bandung by deliberately burning down much of the southern half of the city in what is popularly known in Indonesia as the " Bandung Sea of Fire ". The Battle of Surabaya was the heaviest and bloodiest single battle of
504-523: Is biased by reporting more comments rejecting the dissolution of Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) after the government disbanded the organization on 30 December 2020. Sapta Pratala has only described in the news media as a "public broadcast media observer", but there is no further information about its identity. On 13 May, Deputy Secretary General of the Indonesian Solidarity Party (PSI) Satia Chandra Wiguna asked First Commission of
567-658: Is displayed on the table below. An RRI local station for Dili was operating from 1976 to 1999. East Timor national government broadcaster RTTL currently takes place. Aside of radio, RRI also operates a number of "television stations" with the concept of visual radio . Examples are RRI NET, a television channel broadcasts on satellite and online, and a visual radio version of the Voice of Indonesia broadcasts online. RRI NET broadcasts certain live national radio programming via television. RRI NET can be accessed via streaming service as well as free-to-air satellite television across
630-516: Is formally placed directly under, and responsible to, the President of Indonesia . Unlike other public broadcasters such as TVRI and newly established local public broadcasters , RRI has long had a broadcast pledge called Three Pledges of RRI ( Tri Prasetya RRI ), shown below in English: RRI organization structure consists of five Board of Supervisors ( Dewan Pengawas ) appointed by
693-608: Is in line with the statement of Irawan Ronodipoero, son of RRI founder Joesoef Ronodipoero, who said that there had been "disharmony" within RRI as a result of his leadership. This accusation was strengthened by the results of Sapta Pratala's research in the same month which found that the news portal rri.co.id provided a very large portion of news with the subject of DPR members for the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) faction compared to other factions. Apart from that, Sapta Pratala's research assesses that rri.co.id
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#1732780642773756-580: The Indonesian War of Independence ( Indonesian : Perang Kemerdekaan Indonesia , Dutch : Indonesische Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog ), was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during postwar and postcolonial Indonesia. It took place between Indonesia's declaration of independence in 1945 and
819-729: The Netherlands ' transfer of sovereignty over the Dutch East Indies to the Republic of the United States of Indonesia at the end of 1949. The four-year struggle involved sporadic but bloody armed conflict, internal Indonesian political and communal upheavals, and two major international diplomatic interventions. Dutch military forces (and, for a while, the forces of the World War II allies ) were able to control
882-612: The New Order era, upon the requests of the Ministry of Information, RRI-produced news programs were aired simulcast on all radio stations. After the Broadcasting Act No. 32/2002 is in force, RRI, along with TVRI , set as the public radio network in 2006 and became independent of any governmental control. The status then reaffirmed by Government Regulation ( Peraturan Pemerintah ) No. 12 of 2005. In 2018, RRI became
945-760: The People's Representative Council (DPR) and six Board of Directors ( Dewan Direksi ) appointed by the Board of Supervisors. Both are sworn in by the President, served for five years and renewable once. According to article 15 of the Broadcasting Act, RRI funding comes from several sources such as broadcasting fees, annual state budget (drafted by the government and approved by the DPR), community contribution, and advertisement, as well as other legal efforts related to
1008-586: The 10,000 Indo-Europeans and European internees in the volatile Central Java interior. British detachments sent to the towns of Ambarawa and Magelang encountered strong Republican resistance and used air attacks against the Indonesians. Sukarno arranged a ceasefire on 2 November, but by late November fighting had resumed and the British withdrew to the coast (refer Battle of Ambarawa ). Republican attacks against Allied and alleged pro-Dutch civilians reached
1071-598: The 1945–46 period, which is known as the Bersiap . Estimates of the death toll of the Bersiap period vary from 3,500 to 30,000. NIOD concluded a Dutch casualty number of approximately 5,500 with possible higher numbers but not above 10,000. Estimates of the number of Indonesian fighters killed in the lead up to and during the Battle of Surabaya range from 6,300 to 15,000. The Japanese forces lost around 1,000 soldiers and
1134-554: The British commander Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison diverted soldiers of the former Dutch colonial army to eastern Indonesia, where Dutch reoccupation was proceeding smoothly. Tensions mounted as Allied troops entered Java and Sumatra; clashes broke out between Republicans and their perceived enemies, namely Dutch prisoners, Dutch colonial troops (KNIL) , Chinese, Indo-Europeans and Japanese. The first stages of warfare were initiated in October 1945 when, in accordance with
1197-454: The British forces registered 660 soldiers, mostly British Indians , as killed (with a similar number missing in action). The actual Dutch military was hardly involved, as it started to return to Indonesia only in March and April 1946. By the end of August 1945, a central Republican government had been established in Jakarta. It adopted a constitution drafted during the Japanese occupation by
1260-548: The Dutch East Indies to the Republic of the United States of Indonesia . The revolution marked the end of the colonial administration of the Dutch East Indies , except for New Guinea . It also significantly changed ethnic castes as well as reducing the power of many of the local rulers ( raja ). It did not significantly improve the economic or political fortunes of the majority of the population, although
1323-705: The European Union Rights and Resources Initiative , an international coalition of organizations promoting land tenure reform for poor communities around the world RRI Energy , former name of GenOn Energy Road Routing Information within Integrated Transport Network data provided by Ordnance Survey RRI Rhein Ruhr International , Consulting Engineers Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
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#17327806427731386-762: The Imperial Japanese forces stationed there, as well as maintaining order on the island until the Dutch could return. As US forces were focusing on the Japanese home islands, the archipelago was put under the jurisdiction of British Admiral Earl Louis Mountbatten , the Supreme Allied Commander , South East Asia Command . Allied enclaves already existed in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo ), Morotai ( Maluku ) and parts of Irian Jaya ; Dutch administrators had already returned to these areas. In
1449-661: The Japanese navy areas, the arrival of Allied troops quickly prevented revolutionary activities where Australian troops, followed by Dutch troops and administrators, took the Japanese surrender (except for Bali and Lombok ). Due to the lack of strong resistance, two Australian Army divisions succeeded in occupying eastern Indonesia. The British were charged with restoring order and civilian government in Java. The Dutch took this to mean pre-war colonial administration and continued to claim sovereignty over Indonesia. The British and Indian troops did not, however, land on Java to accept
1512-587: The Japanese surrender until late September 1945. Lord Mountbatten's immediate tasks included the repatriation of some 300,000 Japanese, and freeing prisoners of war. He did not want, nor did he have the resources, to commit his troops to a long struggle to regain Indonesia for the Dutch. The first British troops reached Jakarta in late September 1945, and arrived in the cities of Medan ( North Sumatra ), Padang ( West Sumatra ), Palembang ( South Sumatra ), Semarang ( Central Java ) and Surabaya ( East Java ) in October. In an attempt to avoid clashes with Indonesians,
1575-728: The Japanese, and denounced the Republic as a creation of Japanese fascism . The Dutch East Indies administration had just received a ten million dollar loan from the United States to finance its return to Indonesia. The Netherlands, however, was critically weakened from World War II in Europe and did not return as a significant military force until early 1946. The Japanese and members of the Allied forces reluctantly agreed to act as caretakers. Australian forces of I Corps under general Leslie Morshead had landed in Borneo in May 1945, to destroy
1638-531: The Japanese. Command structures and membership vital for a national army were consequently dismantled. Thus, rather than being formed from a trained, armed, and organised army, the Republican armed forces began to grow in September from usually younger, less trained groups built around charismatic leaders. Creating a rational military structure that was obedient to central authority from such disorganisation,
1701-455: The Ministry of Religion for the establishment of International Islamic University of Indonesia (UIII). In accordance with article 6 of BAST, to ensure the continuity of RRI's broadcast operations, the second party (namely the Ministry of Religious Affairs) must move or construct buildings, structures and other equipment and infrastructure in stages in new places. However, in practice, when the transfer or development had not yet been carried out,
1764-633: The Netherlands East Indies Government in exile was based). These strikes were only fully broken in July 1946. The Japanese, on the other hand, were required by the terms of the surrender to both lay down their arms and maintain order; a contradiction that some resolved by handing weapons to Japanese-trained Indonesians. The resulting power vacuums in Java and Sumatra in the weeks following the Japanese surrender created an atmosphere of uncertainty, but also one of opportunity for
1827-583: The People's Representative Council to fire Rohanudin because he was deemed "contrary to RRI's ideal position as neutral news agency" and "defending intolerant people", even though according to Act Number 32 of 2002 the DPR does not have the right to dismiss the RRI Board of Directors. However, the RRI Supervisory Board previously dismissed Rohanudin on 8 May. The accusations that emerged and
1890-520: The Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence. With general elections yet to be held, a Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP) was appointed to assist the President. Similar committees were established at provincial and regency levels. Questions of allegiance immediately arose amongst indigenous rulers. Central Javanese principalities, for example, immediately declared themselves Republican, while many raja ('rulers') of
1953-675: The Republic of Indonesia, abbreviated as RRI , stylized in logo in all-lowercase) is a public radio network of Indonesia and one of Indonesia's two national Public Broadcasting Institutions , the other being the public television network TVRI . Founded on 11 September 1945, it is the first radio network in Indonesia and the second oldest media company in the country after Antara . RRI headquarters are located on Medan Merdeka Barat Street in Central Jakarta , Jakarta . RRI has four radio networks as well as visual radio channels, broadcasts all over Indonesia to serve all citizens throughout
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2016-502: The Republican Governor of Jakarta, a Menadonese Christian. Many Balinese raja accepted Republican authority. Fearing the Dutch would attempt to re-establish their authority over Indonesia, the new Republican Government and its leaders moved quickly to strengthen the fledgling administration. Within Indonesia, the newly formed government, although enthusiastic, was fragile and focused in Java (where focused at all). It
2079-529: The Republicans. Many pemuda joined pro-Republic struggle groups ( badan perjuangan ). The most disciplined were soldiers from the Japanese-formed but disbanded Giyūgun ( PETA , volunteer army) and Heiho (local soldiers employed by Japanese armed forces) groups. Many groups were undisciplined, due to both the circumstances of their formation and what they perceived as revolutionary spirit. In
2142-416: The broadcasting operation. In fact, as of today the broadcasting fee is not yet implemented, and RRI is asked to generate "non-tax revenue" for the state by various funding sources (besides the annual state budget), which some of the revenue would be returned to the network. Previously the radio tax to supplement RRI funding was charged in 1947, but was abolished sometime in the 1980s. In general, RRI offers
2205-670: The country. Its slogan is " Tonton yang Anda Dengar " (Watch what you listen). RRI NET is known to have been first broadcasting since December 2015. However, the channel was only officially launched on 12 September 2018 in commemoration of RRI's 73rd anniversary. RRI maintain a news portal on its official website (rri.co.id), and was also operated indie music portal BeYoung.id. The network also maintain RRI Digital (formerly RRI Play and RRI PlayGo) mobile app, offering RRI services in one app such as live streaming of all networks and local stations, news portal, and many more. Previously,
2268-525: The educational reforms of the Dutch Ethical Policy . The occupation of Indonesia by Japan for three and a half years during World War II was a crucial factor in the subsequent revolution. The Netherlands had minimal ability to defend its colony against the Japanese army , and within only three months of their initial attacks, the Japanese had occupied the Dutch East Indies. In Java, and to
2331-475: The first half of the 20th century. Budi Utomo, Sarekat Islam and others pursued strategies of co-operation by joining the Dutch initiated Volksraad ("People's Council") in the hope that Indonesia would be granted self-rule. Others chose a non-cooperative strategy demanding the freedom of self-government from the Dutch East Indies colony. The most notable of these leaders were Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta , two students and nationalist leaders who had benefited from
2394-427: The first weeks, Japanese troops often withdrew from urban areas to avoid confrontations. By September 1945, control of major infrastructure installations, including railway stations and trams in Java's largest cities, had been taken over by Republican pemuda who encountered little Japanese resistance. To spread the revolutionary message, pemuda set up their own radio stations and newspapers, and graffiti proclaimed
2457-477: The function to provide services for the public benefit". Its duty, according to Government Regulation No. 12 of 2005, is "to provide the healthy information, education and entertainment services, (maintain) social control and unity, and preserve the nation's culture for the whole public benefit by organizing radio broadcast that reaches all parts of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia ". The network
2520-461: The independence of Indonesia. Matters which concern the transfer of power and other things will be executed by careful means and in the shortest possible time. Djakarta, 17 August 1945 In the name of the people of Indonesia, [signed] Soekarno—Hatta (translation by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs , October 1948) It was mid-September before news of the declaration of independence spread to
2583-432: The instrumental theme " Lief Ambon " (also called " Love Ambon "), composed by George de Fretes , a renowned musician of Indo-European descent. The two themes were reportedly chosen by President Sukarno . RRI is designated as public broadcasting institution per Act No. 32 of 2002 on Broadcasting, which defined as a "legal entity established by the state; has independent, neutral, not commercial (characteristics); and has
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2646-461: The major towns, cities and industrial assets in Republican heartlands on Java and Sumatra but could not control the countryside. By 1949, international pressure on the Netherlands, the United States threatening to cut off all economic aid for World War II rebuilding efforts to the Netherlands and the partial military stalemate became such that the Netherlands transferred sovereignty over
2709-476: The mobile app offering RRI 30" citizen journalism and BeYoung. This conflict began when there was a handover report (BAST) of state property in the form of land from LPP RRI to Ministry of Religion of Indonesia (Kemenag) Number 774/DU/05/2017 dated 9 May 2017, in where LPP RRI handed over a plot of land in Cimanggis , Depok , West Java covering an area of 1,425,889 square metres (more than 142 hectares) to
2772-525: The nation. The network is supported by roughly 90 local stations, the largest of any radio network in the country. Through its overseas broadcasting division Voice of Indonesia , RRI also provides information about Indonesia to people around the world. Its funding primarily comes from annual state budget approved by the parliament, advertisement, and other services. RRI was established on 11 September 1945 by several figures who previously operated several Japanese radio stations in 6 cities. A meeting attended by
2835-449: The nationalist sentiment. On most islands, struggle committees and militia were set up. Republican newspapers and journals were common in Jakarta, Yogyakarta , and Surakarta , which fostered a generation of writers known as angkatan 45 ('generation of 45') many of whom believed their work could be part of the revolution. Republican leaders struggled to come to terms with popular sentiment; some wanted passionate armed struggle; others
2898-524: The official Indonesian radio Rights of the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. In March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia , RRI use the tagline Radio Tanggap Bencana COVID-19 (COVID-19 Disaster Responsive Radio). By the tagline, the network announced their efforts to combat the pandemic by providing accurate and reliable information, and supporting the actions of government of Indonesia during
2961-502: The outer islands, and many Indonesians far from the capital Jakarta did not believe it. As the news spread, most Indonesians came to regard themselves as pro-Republican, and a mood of revolution swept across the country. External power had shifted; it would be weeks before Allied Forces shipping entered Indonesia (owing in part to boycotts and strikes, in Australia , on coaling, loading and manning Dutch shipping from Australia, where
3024-595: The outer islands, who had been enriched from their support of the Dutch, were less enthusiastic. Such reluctance among many outer islands was sharpened by the radical, non-aristocratic, and sometimes Islamic nature of the Java-centric Republican leadership. Support did, however, come from South Sulawesi (including the King of Bone , who still recalled battles against the Dutch from early in the century), and from Makassarese and Bugis raja , who supported
3087-408: The pandemic. A proposed new Broadcasting Act ( Undang-Undang Penyiaran ) currently in the making would merge RRI with its fellow public broadcaster TVRI unto a unified firm RTRI ( Radio Televisi Republik Indonesia , Radio [and] Television of the Republic of Indonesia). All RRI radio stations sign on with the musical theme "Mars Jakarta" (Jakarta March). Similarly, it closes every day with
3150-914: The process of building UIII in Cimanggis had already begun; which resulted in damage to the RRI short wave transmitter "fider line" which has been ongoing since the end of last year. On 20 December 2018, the President Director of RRI 2016–2021, Muhammad Rohanudin, sent a letter to the Religion Minister, Lukman Hakim Saifuddin regarding this matter which was not in accordance with the promises and commitments agreed in article 3 and article 6 of BAST. RRI has occupied land in Cimanggis since 1958. From 2002 to 2012, RRI successively experienced civil lawsuits from outside parties regarding this land. However, court decisions have repeatedly ruled in favor of RRI. Until decision Number 99/Pdt/2012/PT.Bandung
3213-598: The revolution and became a national symbol of Indonesian resistance. Pemuda groups in Surabaya, the second largest city in Indonesia, seized arms and ammunition from the Japanese and set up two new organisations; the Indonesia National Committee (KNI) and the People's Security Council (BKR). By the time the Allied forces arrived at the end of October 1945, the pemuda foothold in Surabaya city
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#17327806427733276-410: The self-proclaimed pemuda , who were ready to die for '100% freedom', were getting impatient. It was common for ethnic 'out-groups' – Dutch internees, Eurasian , Ambonese and Chinese – and anyone considered to be a spy, to be subjected to intimidation, kidnapping, robbery, murder and organised massacres. Such attacks would continue throughout the course of the revolution, but were most present during
3339-553: The station delegates at Adang Kadarusman house on Menteng resulted in the decision to set up Radio Republik Indonesia by choosing Abdul Rahman Saleh as the first general manager. In February 1946, RRI was placed under the Department of Information, and immediately became a tool for the newly established national government during Indonesian National Revolution . Domestic Dutch-language broadcasts were discontinued in 1954. The RRI central station in Jakarta became one of
3402-515: The steps taken by the supervisory board were criticized by Esa Unggul University political communications expert Jamiluddin Ritonga. According to him, these accusations should not immediately be used as a basis for judging RRI, because of its status as public media. RRI, according to Ritonga, must "protect all elements of society" and "should not be like during the New Order era, which was clearly
3465-527: The subsequent revolution, the Japanese destroyed and replaced much of the Dutch-created economic, administrative, and political infrastructure. On 7 September 1944, with the war going badly for the Japanese, Prime Minister Koiso promised independence for Indonesia, but no date was set. For supporters of Sukarno, this announcement was seen as vindication for his collaboration with the Japanese. The unconditional surrender of Japan on August 15, 1945
3528-514: The terms of their surrender, the Japanese tried to re-establish the authority they had relinquished to Indonesians in the towns and cities. Japanese military police killed Republican pemuda in Pekalongan (Central Java) on 3 October, and Japanese troops drove Republican pemuda out of Bandung in West Java and handed the city to the British, but the fiercest fighting involving the Japanese
3591-491: The title RRI . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RRI&oldid=1177035372 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Radio Republik Indonesia Radio Republik Indonesia (Radio of
3654-482: The vital objects captured by the 30 September Movement on 1 October 1965. In that morning, RRI reported about the September 30 Movement aimed at high-ranking officers who were members of the "Council of Generals" who were about to stage a coup against the government, and announced the formation of "Revolutionary Council" led by Lt. Col. Untung. In late 1960s, private radio stations were established and effectively ended RRI's monopoly on radio broadcasting. However, during
3717-462: Was accepted by LPP RRI, the plaintiff did not submit any other legal remedies. In early 2021, President Director of RRI 2016-2021 Muhammad Rohanudin registered to become the supervisory board of RRI 2021-2026 and was declared to have passed the initial selection. Rohanudin was accused by some parties on behalf of RRI employees of having a "bad track record" during his tenure, including allegations of nepotism, mismanagement and abuse of authority. This
3780-483: Was eagerly received by the radical and politicised pemuda (Indonesian for 'male youth') groups. They pressured Sukarno and Hatta to proclaim Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, two days later. The following day, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) elected Sukarno as president , and Hatta as vice-president . PROCLAMATION We, the people of Indonesia, hereby declare
3843-633: Was in Semarang. On 14 October, British forces began to occupy the city. Retreating Republican forces retaliated by killing between 130 and 300 Japanese prisoners they were holding. Five hundred Japanese and two thousand Indonesians had been killed and the Japanese had almost captured the city six days later when British forces arrived. The Allies repatriated the remaining Japanese troops and civilians to Japan, although about 1,000 elected to remain behind and later assisted Republican forces in fighting for independence. The British subsequently decided to evacuate
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#17327806427733906-506: Was one of the major problems of the revolution, a problem that remains through to contemporary times. In the self-created Indonesian army, Japanese-trained Indonesian officers prevailed over those trained by the Dutch. A thirty-year-old former school teacher, Sudirman , was elected 'commander-in-chief' at the first meeting of Division Commanders in Yogyakarta on 12 November 1945. The Dutch accused Sukarno and Hatta of collaborating with
3969-481: Was rarely and loosely in contact with the outer islands, which had more Japanese troops (particularly in Japanese naval areas), less sympathetic Japanese commanders, and fewer Republican leaders and activists. In November 1945, a parliamentary form of government was established and Sjahrir was appointed prime minister. In the week following the Japanese surrender, the Giyūgun (PETA) and Heiho groups were disbanded by
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