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42-481: The Roosevelt River begins in the state of Rondônia and flows north through tropical rainforest. It is fed by the Capitão Cardoso River , which meets it at the state boundary. In Mato Grosso the river forms the western boundary of the 164,224 hectares (405,810 acres) Guariba-Roosevelt Extractive Reserve , a sustainable use unit created in 1996. After entering Amazonas the river forms the border between

84-514: A people indigenous to the western Amazon Rainforest of Brazil , numbering almost 2,000. Their name means "broad belt" in Portuguese , referring to large bark sashes the tribe once wore. The tribe is famous for shadowing Theodore Roosevelt 's Roosevelt–Rondon Scientific Expedition , making no contact. The Cinta Larga language is a Mondé language , belonging to the Tupi language family . It

126-915: A third (modern) expedition was organized, funded, and led by Charles Haskell and Elizabeth McKnight of New Century Conservation Trust, a non-profit environmental education organization in Maine, and sponsored in part by the Theodore Roosevelt Association , the American Museum of Natural History , and the National Wildlife Federation . This expedition consisted of a total of twenty persons including professional river guides Joe Willie Jones , Kelley Kalafatich , Jim Slade, and Mike Boyle, photographers Carr Clifton and Mark Greenberg, cinematographer Joe Kaminsky, Haskell's son Charles 'Chip' Haskell Jr. who served as

168-638: A value of R$ 125 million), niobium (in the form of columbita-tantalita) (3.5 thousand tons at R$ 24 million), and zinc in gross form (26 thousand tons at R$ 27 million) In addition, in gemstones, the state has some production of garnet . In industry , Rondônia had an industrial GDP of R$ 8.2 billion in 2017, equivalent to 0.7% of the national industry. It employs 49,944 workers in the industry. The main industrial sectors are: Industrial Services of Public Utility, such as Electricity and Water (54.4%), Construction (19.2%), Food (17.6%), Wood (1.8%) and Non-metallic minerals (1.2%). These 5 sectors concentrate 94.2% of

210-625: Is considered the fourteenth best in the country, compared to other Brazilian states. In the list of Brazilian states by HDI , with data from 2010, the “Education” factor reached an index of 0.557, an increase of more than 67% compared to 2000, when the state reached only 0.345. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ( IBGE ), in 2021 there were 244,815 enrollments in primary education in Rondônia. Cinta Larga The Cinta Larga (or Cinturão Largo ) are

252-586: Is one of the most diverse in Brazil , composed of migrants from all regions of the country, among whom stand out the Paraná , São Paulo , Minas Gerais , and Rio Grande do Sul , who settled in the capital, still preserving the strong Amazonian traits of the native population in cities bathed by large rivers, especially in Porto Velho and Guajará-Mirim, the two oldest cities in the state. 47.6% Roman Catholic in

294-637: Is written in the Latin script . Since the 1920s, the tribe has often come into violent conflict with prospectors entering the region to harvest rubber , timber , gold or diamonds . In the 1960s, this culminated in the " Massacre at 11th Parallel " in which rubber prospectors killed many of the Cinta Larga by throwing dynamite into their village from a plane, and then finishing off the survivors, including killing women and children with particular cruelty. Only two members of that Cinta Larga community survived

336-748: The Archdiocese of Porto Velho (1925 as a Territorial Prelature) with 30 parishes under Archbishop Roque Paloschi (2015), and the two suffragan dioceses of Guajará-Mirim (1929 as a Territorial Prelature) with 13 parishes under Bishop Benedito Araújo (2011), and Ji-Paraná (1978 as the Territorial Prelature of Vila Rondônia) with 24 parishes under Bishop Norbert Hans Christoph Foerster (2020); 33.8% Protestant, 0.6% Spiritism, 3.7% other religion, 14.3% non-religious. As of 2011 there were 21 Indigenous Territories in Rondônia, with two more in process of being demarcated. The largest of these,

378-725: The Aripuanã River . The Aripuanã then flows into the Madeira River , thence into the Amazon . Formerly called Rio da Dúvida (“River of Doubt”), the river is named after Theodore Roosevelt , who traveled into the central region of Brazil during the Roosevelt–Rondon Scientific Expedition of 1913–14. The expedition, led by Roosevelt and Cândido Rondon , Brazil's most famous explorer and the river's discoverer, sought to determine where and by which course

420-598: The Cinta Larga people , some of whom the Roosevelt-Rondon Expedition encountered in 1914. The Cinta Larga still remain relatively uncontacted today, but several hostile encounters in the early 20th century led to a violent climax in 1963. The Massacre at 11th Parallel occurred in November 1963 and resulted in the death of 30 Cinta Larga. The Roosevelt Indigenous Reserve ( reserva Roosevelt )

462-625: The Treaty of Ayacucho , the border between Bolivia and Brazil was mapped by cartographic teams and agreed in 1879. The Treaty of Petrópolis in 1903 led to the construction of the Madeira-Mamoré Railroad , leading to increased settlement. Decree-Law No. 5812 (13 of September 1943) established the Federal Territory of Guaporé  [ pt ] was created from parts of the states of Amazonas and Mato Grosso . By

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504-651: The Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau Indigenous Territory , covers over 1.8 million hectares. Another, the Rio Omerê Indigenous Territory , is home to the Kanoê and Akuntsu people. Both tribes were the victims of massacres by cattle ranchers in the 1970s and 1980s and currently number just four and five individuals respectively. Over 20 indigenous languages are spoken in Rondônia. Below is a list of indigenous languages spoken in

546-515: The 2019 Brazilian harvest, Rondônia harvested 1.2 million tons, 3rd in the North Region. In 2019, the state produced 805 thousand tons of maize , second largest production in the northern region, losing only to Tocantins. In cassava production, Brazil produced a total of 17.6 million tons in 2018. Rondônia was the 11th largest producer in the country, with 583 thousand tons. In 2018, Rondônia produced 124 thousand tons of rice . In

588-584: The 83,381 hectares (206,040 acres) Manicoré State Forest , a sustainable use conservation unit created in 2005 and the 72,296 hectares (178,650 acres) Guariba State Park , also created in 2005. The river then runs through the Campos Amazônicos National Park , a 961,318 hectares (2,375,470 acres) protected area created in 2006 that holds an unusual enclave of cerrado vegetation in the Amazon rainforest. It continues north until it joins

630-484: The Brazilian GDP . The state has 52 municipalities and occupies an area of 237,590.547 km , equivalent to the territory of Romania and almost five times larger than Croatia . In addition to this, there are other important cities such as Ariquemes , Cacoal , Guajará-Mirim , Ji-Paraná , Rolim de Moura and Vilhena . Rondonia used to be home to over 200,000 km of rainforest , but has become one of

672-605: The Haskel-McKnight Expedition was able to safely navigate all of the rapids except for one which was portaged. Haskell reported that his expedition "found spots chronicled by the original team, saw plants and insects they described, and went down the rapids that crushed the dugout canoes of 1914". The expedition members were awarded the Theodore Roosevelt Association's Distinguished Service Medal for their achievement. A documentary of

714-567: The North and 5th largest in Brazil), cocoa (2nd largest producer in the North and 3rd largest in Brazil), beans (2nd largest producer in the North), maize (2nd largest producer in the North region), soybean (3rd largest producer in the North region), rice (3rd largest producer in the North region) and cassava (4th largest producer in the North region). Despite the large volume of production and

756-420: The North, second only to Pará, being the 6th largest in the country, 5th in meat exports and 8th in milk production. The state's milk production in 2018 was around 800 million liters, the largest producer in the North. In 2017, Rondônia had 0.62% of the national mineral participation (8th place in the country). Rondônia had production of tin (10,9 thousand tons at a value of R$ 333 million), gold (1 ton at

798-632: The Rondônia section, crosses the state from the border with Mato Grosso to the border with Acre. It is the main route for the outflow of grain production (especially soy ) from the south of Rondônia and the west of Mato Grosso to the city of Porto Velho, where the grain port is located. A bridge is being built over the Madeira River (the first over this river), which aims to consolidate road transport between Brazil and Peru. One road to Bolivia: One road to Acre: One road to Amazonas: Six roads to Mato Grosso: The quality of Education in Rondônia

840-432: The capital, Porto Velho . These are: Guajará-Mirim , Ji-Paraná , Vilhena , Ariquemes , Jaru , Pimenta Bueno , Colorado do Oeste , Cacoal , Ouro Preto do Oeste , Presidente Médici , Espigão d'Oeste and Costa Marques . It is the third most populous state in the North Region with 1,815,278 inhabitants, according to an estimate by IBGE for 2021, being surpassed only by Pará and Amazonas . The population density

882-458: The east, and Bolivia in the south. Rondônia has a population of 1,815,000 as of 2021. It is the fifth least populated state. Its capital and largest city is Porto Velho , bathed by the Madeira River . The state was named after Cândido Rondon , who explored the north of the country during the 1910s. The state, which is home to c. 0.7% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for c. 0.3% of

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924-546: The expedition was subsequently produced and aired on PBS called the New Explorers: The River of Doubt narrated by Bill Kurtis and Wilford Brimley . Since this time, the expedition has inspired others to undergo its challenges such as Materials Science Professor Marc A. Meyers , Col. Huram Reis, Col. Ivan Angonese, and Jeffery Lehmann. The upper reaches of the Roosevelt River are inhabited by

966-438: The expedition's communications expert, Brazilian scientists Geraldo Mendes dos Santos and João Ferraz (ichthyologist and pharmacologist), and chiefs Oita Mina and Tatataré of the Cinta Larga tribe whose land borders much of the river. The expedition took 33 days to complete the nearly 1000-mile journey. While the Roosevelt-Rondon Expedition had to portage almost all of the many rapids on the river with their heavy dugout canoes,

1008-560: The expedition. Still carrying the bullet from his 1912 assassination attempt , Roosevelt, Rondon, and 17 other men set out to map the river's course. They covered nearly 1000 miles in a 33 day period, following waters that eventually fed into the Aripuanã River Roosevelt later wrote Through the Brazilian Wilderness recounting the adventure. In honor of his contributions to its mapping and exploration,

1050-415: The first non-Amazonian-native party to travel and record what Rondon had named the "Rio da Dúvida", then one of the most unexplored and intimidating tributaries of the Amazon. Rondon had spent very little time on the river itself, only discovering its existence several years prior. Its end point was completely unknown. On top of this, sections of the river have impassable rapids and waterfalls , which hindered

1092-483: The following: Arawan speaking peoples Chapachuran speaking peoples Macro-Je speaking peoples Nambikwaran speaking peoples Panoan speaking peoples Tupian speaking peoples Isolated peoples The Spaniard Ñuflo de Chávez was the first European explorer to reach the valley of the Guaporé River between 1541 and 1542, although he only passed through. Bandeirantes arrived in the region around 1650, with

1134-586: The goal of exploiting the gold and other minerals of the territory. In the same period, Jesuit priests came to the region and founded the first village. As a consequence of the discovery of gold on the right bank of the Guaporé River, the Portuguese Crown founded the Captaincy of Mato Grosso in 1748 with Antonio Rolim de Moura Tavares  [ pt ] as governor. On March 19, 1752,

1176-508: The governor designated Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade as the capital, from where he commanded the border demarcation following the Treaty of Madrid (1750) . In 1753, he installed a surveillance post in the village of Santa Rosa Velha, built by the Spanish on the right bank of the Guaporé, and thus in Brazilian lands. In 1759, the Spanish governor of Santa Cruz de la Sierra requested that

1218-509: The law of February 17 1956, the region became known as the Federal Territory of Rondônia, in honor of Marshal Cândido Rondon . The exploitation of brazil nuts and rubber was the main economic activity until the discovery of cassiterite deposits, which accelerated the development and settlement of the region. This development led to the territory achieving the status of a state in 1982, with 13 constituent municipalities, including

1260-447: The massacre. It is believed the plane made a first pass over the village, dropping sugar to lure a crowd to the central plaza. Then, it swooped in low to drop the dynamite on the assembled Cinta Larga. The bodies were buried in the riverbank, and that village was abandoned forever. In 2004 the tribe was responsible for the murders of 29 miners illegally unearthing diamonds in the area. In exchange for an $ 810,000 community grant from

1302-545: The most deforested places in the Amazon. By 2003 around 70,000 km of rainforest had been cleared. The area around the Guaporé River is part of the Beni savanna ecoregion. The Samuel Dam is located in the state, on the Jamari River . Before the Portuguese discovery of Brazil , the region where the present state of Rondônia is situated was populated by indigenous peoples , who are known to have included

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1344-543: The name of Rio de Duvida was changed to the "Roosevelt River". After Roosevelt returned, doubts were raised on his account of the expedition. Roosevelt promptly rebutted them in a public forum in Washington, D.C., sponsored by the National Geographic Society . In 1927, British explorer George Miller Dyott led a second trip down the river, independently confirming Roosevelt's discoveries. In 1992

1386-576: The post be evacuated. Instead, Rolim de Moura built a fort to replace it, which became known as the Presídio de Nossa Senhora da Conceição  [ pt ] . Due to the climate and the incursions of the Spanish, the Presidio was soon in ruins. It was rebuilt in 1769 by Governor Luís Pinto de Sousa Coutinho , and renamed as Forte de Bragança. Ruined again, in 1776 the Forte Príncipe da Beira

1428-437: The production of cocoa , Pará has been competing with Bahia for the leadership of Brazilian production. In 2019, Pará harvested 135 thousand tons of cocoa, and Bahians harvested 130 thousand tons. Rondônia is the 3rd largest cocoa producer in the country, with 18 thousand tons harvested in 2017. In 2017, the state had a cattle herd of 14,098,031 head of cattle (73,37% for beef and the rest for dairy), second largest herd in

1470-465: The river flowed into the Amazon. Roosevelt and his son Kermit undertook the adventure after the former U.S. president's failed attempt to regain the office as the " Bull Moose Party " candidate in 1912. Roosevelt's original plan for the expedition was much more leisurely, however upon arrival in South America he was convinced to adopt a more strenuous goal. The Roosevelt-Rondon expedition was

1512-426: The small territory by the region's standards (7 times smaller than Amazonas and 6 times smaller than Pará), Rondônia still has more than 60% of its territory fully preserved. In coffee production, Rondônia was, in 2019, the 5th largest producer in the country, being the 2nd largest producer of Coffea canephora , getting a total of 2.3 million bags of 60 kg of coffee (near 138 thousand tons) this year. In soy , in

1554-420: The south-central part of the country, stimulated by the federal government's colonization projects and the availability of cheap and fertile land. The development of agricultural activities has transformed the area into one of the main agricultural frontiers in the country and one of the most prosperous and productive regions in northern Brazil. The state stands out in the production of coffee (largest producer in

1596-420: The state's industry. Governador Jorge Teixeira de Oliveira International Airport is located in the state capital of Porto Velho. Domestic airports at Ji-Paraná , Ariquemes , Pimenta Bueno , Guajará-Mirim , Vilhena and Principe da Beira. Waterways: Pôrto Velho is an Amazon River port. The state of Rondônia has 24,000 kilometers of highways, of which only 7% are paved. The BR-364 , fully paved in

1638-401: The state: The economy of the state of Rondônia has, as main activities, agriculture, livestock, food industry and vegetal and mineral extraction. In 2016, the state's GDP reached R$ 39.451 billion. Its export basket is mainly composed of frozen beef (43.43%), soy (32.77%), raw tin (7.08%), sawn wood (2.36%) and edible giblets (2.02%). Beginning in the 1970s, the state attracted farmers from

1680-510: Was 6.6 inhabitants/km . Urbanization : 66.8% (2004); Population growth : 2.2% (1991-2000); Houses : 430,747 (2005). Four of its municipalities have a population above 100,000 inhabitants, these being Porto Velho, Ji-Paraná, Ariquemes and Vilhena. The 2022 census revealed the following numbers: 936,708 Brown ( Multiracial ) people (59.2%), 486,123 White people (30.7%), 136,793 Black people (8.7%), 17,278 Amerindian people (1.1%), 4,257 Asian people (0.3%). The population of Rondônia

1722-609: Was built in its place. In 1772, Francisco de Melo Palheta  [ pt ] led an expedition from Belém which reached the Madeira River , the Mamoré River and the Guaporé River, reaching Santa Cruz de la Sierra. The decline of mining and the proclamation of the First Brazilian Republic caused the region to lose its economic importance until the end of the nineteenth century, when the exploitation of rubber entered its peak. In April 1878, following to

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1764-426: Was created in 1973 and is managed by FUNAI , occupies 2.7 million hectares (6.7 × 10 ^ acres), and has a population of 1,200. Rond%C3%B4nia Rondônia ( pronounced [ʁõˈdoni.ɐ, ʁõˈdonjɐ] ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil , located in the northern subdivision of the country (central-western part). It is bordered by Acre in the west, Amazonas in the north, Mato Grosso in

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