102-632: Raytown is a city in Jackson County , Missouri , United States, and is a suburb of Kansas City . The population was at 30,012 in 2020 census . The current mayor of Raytown is Michael McDonough. It is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area . The area where Raytown now lies was developed throughout the 19th century and early 20th century as pioneers moved westward along the Three Trails in search of available fertile lands and water. It
204-582: A blacksmith shop on the Santa Fe Trail in Jackson County in about 1848. The settlement around the blacksmith shop was known first as "Ray's Town" and later as "Raytown" in 1854. (Now Fox's Drugs) There is now a historical marker in Raytown at the corner of 63rd Street and Raytown Road showing the location of William Ray's shop. In 1860, residents of Jackson County petitioned the county for
306-543: A UN declaration that resulted from the World Summit on Social Development in Copenhagen in 1995, absolute poverty is "a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education, and information. It depends not only on income, but also on access to services." David Gordon's paper, "Indicators of Poverty and Hunger", for
408-576: A better road to connect southern Jackson County with Independence in northern Jackson County. The result was Raytown Road , which led north from High Grove Road, crossed the Little Blue River at the "rockford" (now inundated by Longview Lake ) and joined the Santa Fe Trail at William Ray's blacksmith shop. Many portions of the original Raytown Road still are used today. According to the United States Census Bureau ,
510-418: A certain minimum level, the rub of the poverty problem – from the point of view of both the poor individual and of the societies in which they live – is not so much the effects of poverty in any absolute form but the effects of the contrast, daily perceived, between the lives of the poor and the lives of those around them. For practical purposes, the problem of poverty in the industrialized nations today
612-409: A county legislature. The legislature is made up of nine members: six are elected from smaller, single-member districts within the county. Three are elected "at large" from larger districts, each by voters of the whole county. Member terms are 4 years, beginning on January 1 following the election. There are 244,570 registered voters. The County Sheriff is a full-time salaried position elected by
714-514: A day at 2005 purchasing power parity (PPP). The new figure of $ 1.90 is based on ICP PPP calculations and represents the international equivalent of what $ 1.90 could buy in the US in 2011. Most scholars agree that it better reflects today's reality, particularly new price levels in developing countries. The common IPL has in the past been roughly $ 1 a day. These figures are artificially low according to Peter Edward of Newcastle University . He believes
816-399: A different sense to mean "moderate poverty" – for example, a standard of living or level of income that is high enough to satisfy basic needs (like water , food , clothing , housing, and basic health care ), but still significantly lower than that of the majority of the population under consideration. An example of this could be a person living in poor conditions or squalid housing in
918-408: A female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 37.3% consisted of individuals and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.3 and the average family size was 3.0. 19.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 8.3% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
1020-421: A high crime area of a developed country and struggling to pay their bills every month due to low wages, debt or unemployment. While this person still benefits from the infrastructure of the developed country, they still endure a less than ideal lifestyle compared to their more affluent countrymen or even the more affluent individuals in less developed countries who have lower living costs. Living Income refers to
1122-730: A location on the Missouri–Kansas border was to be the latter-day " New Jerusalem " with the "center place" located in Independence, the county seat . Traveling to the area in the summer of 1831, Smith and some associates formally proclaimed Jackson County as the site in a ceremony in August 1831. Leadership and members of the Church began moving to Jackson County soon after but open conflict with earlier settlers ensued, driven by religious and cultural differences. Many early settlers along
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#17327808617741224-508: A male householder with no wife present, and 36.4% were non-families. 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age in the city was 40.3 years. 23.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.9% were from 25 to 44; 27.8% were from 45 to 64; and 16.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of
1326-415: A nearly 3-to-1 margin, enough for him to carry the county as a whole with 62 percent of the vote. School districts include: 39°01′N 94°20′W / 39.01°N 94.34°W / 39.01; -94.34 Poverty line The poverty threshold , poverty limit , poverty line , or breadline is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. The poverty line
1428-422: A religion are Roman Catholics (19.51%), Southern Baptists (17.96%), and non-denominational evangelical Christians (11.52%). Jackson County is a solidly Democratic county and has remained so even as most other parts of the state of Missouri have trended rightward. The last Republican presidential candidate to carry the county was Richard Nixon in 1972 , the only Republican to do so since 1932. John Ashcroft
1530-509: A result, depending on the indicator of economic status used, an estimate of who is disadvantaged, which groups have the highest poverty rates, and the nation's progress against poverty varies significantly. Hence, this can mean that defining poverty is not just a matter of measuring things accurately, but it also necessitates fundamental social judgments, many of which have moral implications. National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys. Definitions of
1632-804: Is a parent, elderly, a child, married, etc. The poverty threshold may be adjusted annually. In practice, like the definition of poverty , the official or common understanding of the poverty line is significantly higher in developed countries than in developing countries . In September 2022, the World Bank updated the International Poverty Line ( IPL ), a global absolute minimum, to $ 2.15 per day (in PPP ). In addition, as of 2022, $ 3.65 per day in PPP for lower-middle income countries, and $ 6.85 per day in PPP for upper-middle income countries. Per
1734-434: Is a problem of relative poverty (page 9)." However, some have argued that as relative poverty is merely a measure of inequality, using the term 'poverty' for it is misleading. For example, if everyone in a country's income doubled, it would not reduce the amount of 'relative poverty' at all. In 1776, Adam Smith argued that poverty is the inability to afford "not only the commodities which are indispensably necessary for
1836-596: Is based on a low pay rate of 60 percent of full-time median earnings, equivalent to a little over £12,000 a year for a 35-hour working week. In April 2006, a 35-hour week would have earned someone £9,191 a year – before tax or National Insurance". In 2019, the Low Pay Commission estimated that about 7% of people employed in the UK were earning at or below the National Minimum Wage . In 2021,
1938-401: Is hard to have exact number for poverty, as much data is collected through interviews, meaning income that is reported to the interviewer must be taken at face value. As a result, data could not rightly represent the situations true nature, nor fully represent the income earned illegally. In addition, if the data were correct and accurate, it would still not mean serving as an adequate measure of
2040-471: Is less than one-half the median family income." This was the first introduction of the relative poverty rate as typically computed today In 1979, British sociologist, Peter Townsend published his famous definition: "individuals... can be said to be in poverty when they lack the resources to obtain the types of diet, participate in the activities and have the living conditions and amenities which are customary, or are at least widely encouraged or approved, in
2142-508: Is not considering establishing an official poverty line, with Minister for Social and Family Development Chan Chun Sing claiming it would fail to represent the magnitude and scope of problems faced by the poor. As a result, social benefits and aids aimed at the poor would be a missed opportunity for those living right above such a line. In the United States, the poverty thresholds are updated every year by Census Bureau. The threshold in
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#17327808617742244-459: Is split according to rural versus urban thresholds. For urban dwellers, the poverty line is defined as living on less than 538.60 rupees (approximately US$ 12) per month, whereas for rural dwellers, it is defined as living on less than 356.35 rupees per month (approximately US$ 7.50) In 2019, the Indian government stated that 6.7% of its population is below its official poverty limit. As India is one of
2346-461: Is the absence of enough resources to secure basic life necessities. To assist in measuring this, the World Bank has a daily per capita international poverty line (IPL), a global absolute minimum, of $ 2.15 a day as of September 2022. The new IPL replaces the $ 1.25 per day figure, which used 2005 data. In 2008, the World Bank came out with a figure (revised largely due to inflation) of $ 1.25
2448-437: Is usually calculated by estimating the total cost of one year's worth of necessities for the average adult. The cost of housing, such as the rent for an apartment, usually makes up the largest proportion of this estimate, so economists track the real estate market and other housing cost indicators as a major influence on the poverty line. Individual factors are often used to account for various circumstances, such as whether one
2550-650: The French and Indian War . After that, France ceded this territory west of the Mississippi River to Great Britain's ally, Spain . In 1800 Spain was forced by France in the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso to return its Louisiana Territory (of which modern Jackson County formed a part) to France. Soon abandoning its claims in North America, Napoleon of France sold the territory to the United States in
2652-519: The Great Depression , as local political boss Thomas Pendergast worked to implement a $ 50,000,000 public works project that provided thousands of jobs. One of Pendergast's political protegés was a young World War I veteran from Independence, Harry S. Truman , who had been his nephew's commanding officer in the war. Truman was elected Presiding Judge (equivalent to a County Executive) of Jackson County with Pendergast support in 1926. He later
2754-708: The Indian Removal Act . Some of the county's local history is presented at the Pleasant Hill Historical Society Museum , in Pleasant Hill on the southern edge of the county. The total employment as of September 2024 is 1,142,105. Jackson County was the second county to adopt a home-rule charter under the Missouri Constitution . The Jackson County Charter was adopted by the voters in 1970 and
2856-575: The London School Board . Booth set the line at 10 (50p) to 20 shillings (£1) per week, which he considered to be the minimum amount necessary for a family of four or five people to subsist on. Seebohm Rowntree (1871–1954), a British sociological researcher, social reformer and industrialist, surveyed rich families in York , and drew a poverty line in terms of a minimum weekly sum of money "necessary to enable families … to secure
2958-589: The Louisiana Purchase of 1803. Operating on behalf of President Thomas Jefferson , explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark passed through Jackson County on their notable Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1804, to survey peoples, property and resources of the Louisiana Territory . Among other items, their report indicated a "high, commanding position" along the river within the current boundaries of Jackson County; in 1808 Fort Osage
3060-522: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology 's Living Wage Calculator, which compares the local minimum wage to the amount of money needed to cover expenses beyond what is needed to merely survive across the United States. The cost of living varies greatly if there are children or other dependents in the household. An outdated or flawed poverty measure is an obstacle for policymakers, researchers and academics trying to find solutions to
3162-620: The Missouri Circuit Courts . The Court seats 19 Circuit Judges and 10 Associate Circuit Judges. All Judges of the court are appointed by the Governor of Missouri , Circuit Judges serve a term of 6 years and Associate judges serve a term of 4 years. As of February 10, 2021 : Jackson County also has a municipal court with one judge. The Municipal Judge is appointed by the County Executive with approval by
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3264-681: The Office for National Statistics found that 3.8% of jobs were paid below the National Minimum Wage, a decrease from 7.4% in 2020 but an increase from 1.4% in 2019. They note that this increase from 2019 to 2021 is connected to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom . The Guardian reported in 2021 that "almost 5m jobs, or one in six nationally, pay below the real living wage". India's official poverty level as of 2005
3366-886: The Presidency shortly after, in 1829. Its county seat was designated as Independence, then a minuscule settlement near a spring. However, the rapid increase in westward exploration and expansion ultimately resulted in Independence becoming the starting point for three of the great Westward Trails: the Santa Fe Trail , the Oregon Trail , and the California Trail . Following the American Civil War and construction of railroads through this area, nearby Kansas City, Missouri, ultimately eclipsed Independence, though both towns remain county seats. In 1838,
3468-708: The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Canadian poverty researchers. In the European Union, the "relative poverty measure is the most prominent and most–quoted of the EU social inclusion indicators." "Relative poverty reflects better the cost of social inclusion and equality of opportunity in a specific time and space." "Once economic development has progressed beyond
3570-457: The "City of Kansas". In 1889, with a population of around 60,000, the city adopted a new charter and changed its name to Kansas City. In 1897, Kansas City annexed Westport. Jackson County figures prominently in the history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, also known as Mormons. The Church was formed in upstate New York in 1830 and in March 1831 President Joseph Smith said that
3672-583: The "Town Company" bought a small piece of land along the Missouri River in northern Jackson County, establishing "Westport Landing" (today this is known as the River Market district). The area outside Westport Landing was renamed in 1839 as the "Town of Kansas", after the local Kanza or Kaw tribe . The town was chartered by Jackson County in 1850 and incorporated by the State of Missouri in 1853 as
3774-473: The $ 1.90/day standard, the percentage of the global population living in absolute poverty fell from over 80% in 1800 to 10% by 2015, according to United Nations estimates, which found roughly 734 million people remained in absolute poverty. Charles Booth , a pioneering investigator of poverty in London at the turn of the 20th century, popularised the idea of a poverty line , a concept originally conceived by
3876-481: The County Legislature and they serve a 4-year term. According to the United States Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 616 square miles (1,600 km ), of which 604 square miles (1,560 km ) is land and 12 square miles (31 km ) (1.9%) is water. Notable Lakes include The Missouri River comprises Jackson County's northern border (with the exception of one small portion north of
3978-486: The European Union is based on "economic distance", a level of income set at 60% of the median household income. A measure of relative poverty defines "poverty" as being below some relative poverty threshold. For example, the statement that "those individuals who are employed and whose household equivalised disposable income is below 60% of national median equivalised income are poor" uses a relative measure to define poverty. The term relative poverty can also be used in
4080-480: The Iranian economy suffered the highest inflation in 75 years; official statistics put the poverty line at 10 million tomans ($ 500), while the minimum wage given in the same year has been 5 million toman. Singapore has experienced strong economic growth over the last ten years and has consistently ranked among the world's top countries in terms of GDP per capita. Inequality has however increased dramatically over
4182-513: The Missouri River had come from the upper South: Kentucky and Tennessee, for instance, and brought their slaves and pro-slavery customs with them. They believed that the " Yankee " Mormons, from New York and northern states, were abolitionists . Mobs in the public and private sector used force to drive individual Saints from Jackson to nearby counties within Missouri and put Latter Day Saints on notice that they had until November 6, 1833, to leave
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4284-618: The Three Trails discovered an area of high, wooded ridges, in the Raytown area, that reminded them of their former homes in the Blue Ridge Mountains. The land was named Blue Ridge, with the bordering bodies of waters called the Big Blue and the Little Blue rivers. The Rice-Tremonti Home, which still stands in Raytown today, was built on the Santa Fe Trail in 1844 by Archibald Rice and his family. William Ray established
4386-470: The United Nations, further defines absolute poverty as the absence of any two of the following eight basic needs: In 1978, Ghai investigated the literature that criticized the basic needs approach. Critics argued that the basic needs approach lacked scientific rigour; it was consumption-oriented and antigrowth. Some considered it to be "a recipe for perpetuating economic backwardness" and for giving
4488-488: The United States is updated and used for statistical purposes. In 2020, in the United States, the poverty threshold for a single person under 65 was an annual income of US$ 12,760, or about $ 35 per day. The threshold for a family group of four, including two children, was US$ 26,200, about $ 72 per day. According to the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey 2018 One-year Estimates, 13.1% of Americans lived below
4590-428: The age of 18 living with them, 43.40% were married couples living together, 14.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.60% were non-families. 31.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.05. In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.80% under
4692-468: The age of 18, 9.10% from 18 to 24, 31.10% from 25 to 44, 21.50% from 45 to 64, and 12.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.00 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 39,277, and the median income for a family was $ 48,435. Males had a median income of $ 35,798 versus $ 27,403 for females. The per capita income for
4794-403: The average family size was 2.88. In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.6% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.6 males. The median income for a household in the city
4896-400: The burning of large portions of Jackson and adjacent counties. According to American artist George Caleb Bingham , who described the order as "imbecilic" and was a resident of Kansas City at the time, one could see the "dense columns of smoke arising in every direction", symbolic of what he termed "a ruthless military despotism which spared neither age, sex, character, nor condition". Because of
4998-440: The cheapest local grain (such as corn, rice, or oats). The basic needs approach is one of the major approaches to the measurement of absolute poverty in developing countries. It attempts to define the absolute minimum resources necessary for long-term physical well-being , usually in terms of consumption goods . The poverty line is then defined as the amount of income required to satisfy those needs. The 'basic needs' approach
5100-589: The chief of the Kansas City Police Department . He was elected to a full term in November of that year. In mid-2019, Sheriff Forté directed a more-restrictive policy on high-speed pursuits the day after one of his deputies was charged with injuring a bystander during such a chase in May 2018. Jackson County is the only county that falls under the jurisdiction of the 16th Judicial Circuit of
5202-633: The city are: The Raytown C-2 School District serves the vast majority of Raytown; But the very slim portion of the southern part of Raytown goes to the Hickman Mills C-1 School District . The Raytown C-2 School District operates public schools, including Raytown High School and Raytown South High School . Raytown has a public library , a branch of the Mid-Continent Public Library . The 1980s television series Mama's Family took place in
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#17327808617745304-444: The city has a total area of 9.97 square miles (25.82 km), of which 9.93 square miles (25.72 km) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km) is water. The 2020 United States census counted 30,012 people, 12,720 households, and 7,019 families in Raytown. The population density was 3,022.4 per square mile (1,166.9/km). There were 13,640 housing units at an average density of 1,373.6 per square mile (530.3/km). The racial makeup
5406-569: The city was 47.3% male and 52.7% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 30,388 people, 12,855 households, and 8,304 families living in the city. The population density was 3,065.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,183.8/km). There were 13,309 housing units at an average density of 1,342.8 per square mile (518.5/km). The racial makeup of the city was 84.2% White , 11.7% African American , 0.4% Native American , 0.8% Asian , 0.2% Pacific Islander , 0.9% from other races , and 1.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.3% of
5508-447: The city was 67.7% White , 25.1% African American , 0.5% Native American , 1.0% Asian , 0.2% Pacific Islander , 1.9% from other races , and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.1% of the population. There were 12,104 households, of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.4% were married couples living together, 16.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had
5610-527: The city's famous City Market, Westport district, 18th and Vine Historic District , and most recently, the Kansas City Power & Light District . In 2024, the statues of Andrew Jackson were voted about whether to remove as to not idolize a slave owner or not. The plaques added in 2021 to the statues to hopefully add context and support for keeping the statues, wording it so they ended up in support of removing native Americans from their land via
5712-591: The concept of relative poverty: "No objective definition of poverty exists. ... The definition varies from place to place and time to time. In America as our standard of living rises, so does our idea of what is substandard." In 1965, Rose Friedman argued for the use of relative poverty claiming that the definition of poverty changes with general living standards. Those labelled as poor in 1995, would have had "a higher standard of living than many labelled not poor" in 1965. In 1967, American economist Victor Fuchs proposed that "we define as poor any family whose income
5814-661: The county en masse . On November 23, 1833, the few remaining LDS residents were ordered to leave Jackson County . By mid-1839, following the Missouri Mormon War , the Mormons were driven from the state altogether. They did not return to Jackson County or Missouri in significant numbers until 1867, two years after the end of the Civil War. During the Civil War , Jackson County was the scene of several engagements,
5916-627: The county was $ 20,788. About 9.00% of families and 11.90% of the population were below the poverty line , including 16.40% of those under age 18 and 8.70% of those age 65 or over. According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report (2010), Jackson County is sometimes regarded as being on the northern edge of the Bible Belt, with evangelical Protestantism being the most predominant religion. The most predominant denominations among residents in Jackson County who adhere to
6018-478: The county. They provided housing for the nation's returning veterans and their young families. Independence, Blue Springs and Lee's Summit underwent growth during this period, which continues to the present. Kansas City, on the other hand, suffered problems of urban decay as jobs and families left the industrial city, problems common to many large American cities in the late 20th century. Recent building projects have sought to reverse this trend, including work on
6120-467: The destruction carried out under the order, its legacy haunted Jackson County for decades after the war. The coming of the railroads and the building of stockyards led to the rapid expansion of Kansas City in the late 19th century. During the 1920s and '30s, the city became a noted center for Jazz and Blues music, as well as the headquarters of Hallmark Cards and the site of Walt Disney 's first animation studio. The county fared better than many during
6222-410: The efficacy of their programs and guiding their development strategy. In addition, by measuring poverty one receives knowledge of which poverty reduction strategies work and which do not, helping to evaluate different projects, policies and institutions. To a large extent, measuring the poor and having strategies to do so keep the poor on the agenda, making the problem of political and moral concern. It
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#17327808617746324-489: The fastest-growing economies in 2018, poverty is on the decline in the country, with close to 44 Indians escaping extreme poverty every minute, as per the World Poverty Clock . India lifted 271 million people out of poverty in a 10-year time period from 2005/06 to 2015/16. In 2008 Iran government report by central statistics had recommended 9.5 around million people living below poverty line. As of August 2022
6426-465: The fictional location of Raytown, although the U.S. state where Raytown is located is never mentioned. Based on the accents, it was set in the South or Midwest . Jackson County, Missouri Jackson County is located in the western portion of the U.S. state of Missouri , on the border with Kansas. As of the 2020 census , the population was 717,204. making it the second-most populous county in
6528-463: The general population of the county for a four-year term As of 2021 the sheriff is Darryl Forté. The Sheriff's Office is also responsible for the county's jail. Sheriff Mike Sharp resigned in April 2018 amidst scandal. He was the subject of a lawsuit that alleged sexual misconduct, personal use of public funds and sexual harassment. Sheriff Darryl Forté was then appointed. He had recently retired as
6630-484: The impression "that poverty elimination is all too easy". Amartya Sen focused on 'capabilities' rather than consumption. In the development discourse, the basic needs model focuses on the measurement of what is believed to be an eradicable level of poverty . Relative poverty means low income relative to others in a country: for example, below 60% of the median income of people in that country. Relative poverty measurements, unlike absolute poverty measurements, take
6732-491: The income needed to afford a decent standard of living in the place one lives. The distinguishing feature between a living income and the poverty line is the concept of decency, wherein people thrive, not only survive. Based on years of stakeholder dialogue and expert consultations, the Living Income Community of Practice, an open learning community, established the formal definition of living income drawing on
6834-430: The living standards, the well-being or economic position of a given family or household. Research done by Haughton and Khandker finds that there is no ideal measure of well-being, arguing that all measures of poverty are imperfect. That is not to say that measuring poverty should be avoided; rather, all indicators of poverty should be approached with caution, and questions about how they are formulated should be raised. As
6936-598: The most notable of which was the Battle of Westport in 1864, sometimes referred to as "the Gettysburg of Missouri". The Union victory here firmly established Northern control of Missouri, and led to the failure of Confederate General Sterling Price 's Missouri expedition . Other noteworthy battles were fought in Independence in 1862, Lone Jack a few days later, and again in Independence in 1864. Jackson County
7038-400: The necessaries of a healthy life", which included fuel and light, rent, food, clothing, and household and personal items. Based on data from leading nutritionists of the period, he calculated the cheapest price for the minimum calorific intake and nutritional balance necessary, before people get ill or lose weight. He considered this amount to set his poverty line and concluded that 27.84% of
7140-490: The person might be able to meet her/his basic needs, but not be able to enjoy the same standards of living that other people in the same economy are enjoying. Relative poverty is thus a form of social exclusion that can for example affect peoples access to decent housing, education or job opportunities. The relative poverty measure is used by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP),
7242-400: The poor, most of whose expenditure is on basic foodstuffs rather than the relatively luxurious items (washing machines, air travel, healthcare) often included in PPP baskets. The economist Robert C. Allen has attempted to solve this by using standardized baskets of goods typical of those bought by the poor across countries and historical time, for example including a fixed calorific quantity of
7344-428: The population was 63.3% non-Hispanic white, 23.7% non-Hispanic black, 0.5% Native American, 1.6% Asian, 0.4% Pacific Islander alone or in combination with one or more other races, 0.1% non-Hispanic from some other race, 3.8% reporting two or more races and 8.4% Hispanic or Latino. As of the census of 2000, there were 654,880 people, 266,294 households, and 166,167 families residing in the county. The population density
7446-410: The population. There were 12,855 households, out of which 27.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.6% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.4% were non-families. 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and
7548-606: The poverty line calculation, using a single global monetary calculation for Living Income is problematic when applied worldwide. Additionally, the Living Income should be adjusted quarterly due to inflation and other significant changes such as currency adjustments. The actual income or proxy income can be used when measuring the gap between initial income and the living income benchmarks. The World Bank notes that poverty and standard of living can be measured by social perception as well, and found that in 2015, roughly one-third of
7650-481: The poverty line do vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. Even among rich nations, the standards differ greatly. Thus, the numbers are not comparable among countries. Even when nations do use the same method, some issues may remain. In the UK in 2006, "more than five million people – over a fifth (23 percent) of all employees – were paid less than £6.67 an hour". This value
7752-403: The poverty line. Women and children find themselves impacted by poverty more often when a part of single mother families. The poverty rate of women has increasingly exceeded that of men's. While the overall poverty rate is 12.3%, women poverty rate is 13.8% which is above the average and men are below the overall rate at 11.1%. Women and children (as single mother families) find themselves as
7854-467: The problem of poverty. This has implications for people. The federal poverty line is used by dozens of federal, state, and local agencies, as well as several private organizations and charities, to decide who needs assistance. The assistance can take many forms, but it is often difficult to put in place any type of aid without measurements which provide data. In a rapidly evolving economic climate, poverty assessment often aids developed countries in determining
7956-407: The real number as of 2015 was $ 7.40 per day. Using a single monetary poverty threshold is problematic when applied worldwide, due to the difficulty of comparing prices between countries. Prices of the same goods vary dramatically from country to country; while this is typically corrected for by using PPP exchange rates, the basket of goods used to determine such rates is usually unrepresentative of
8058-486: The river around the intersection of Highways 210 and 291 as well as all of the 291 bridge). The county has historically been a major traveling point for American river travel. Jackson County is one of the few counties in the US to border two counties of the same name in different states (Johnson County in Kansas and Missouri). As of the 2010 census Jackson County had a population of 674,158. The racial and ethnic makeup of
8160-419: The same time span, yet there is no official poverty line in the country. Given Singapore's high level of growth and prosperity, many believe that poverty does not exist in the country, or that domestic poverty is not comparable to global absolute poverty. Such a view persists for a selection of reasons, and since there is no official poverty line, there is no strong acknowledgement that it exists. Yet, Singapore
8262-582: The social economic environment of the people observed into consideration. It is based on the assumption that whether a person is considered poor depends on her/his income share relative to the income shares of other people who are living in the same economy. The threshold for relative poverty is considered to be at 50% of a country's median equivalised disposable income after social transfers . Thus, it can vary greatly from country to country even after adjusting for purchasing power standards (PPS). A person can be poor in relative terms but not in absolute terms as
8364-685: The societies to which they belong (page 31)." Brian Nolan and Christopher T. Whelan of the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) in Ireland explained that "poverty has to be seen in terms of the standard of living of the society in question." Relative poverty measures are used as official poverty rates by the European Union , UNICEF and the OECD . The main poverty line used in the OECD and
8466-416: The state (after St. Louis County in the east). Although Independence retains its status as the original county seat , Kansas City, Missouri , serves as a second county seat and the center of county government. The county was organized December 15, 1826, and named for former Tennessee senator Andrew Jackson , who would become President of the United States three years later in 1829. Jackson County
8568-422: The support of life, but whatever the custom of the country renders it indecent for creditable people, even of the lowest order, to be without." In 1958, John Kenneth Galbraith argued, "People are poverty stricken when their income, even if adequate for survival, falls markedly behind that of their community." In 1964, in a joint committee economic President's report in the United States, Republicans endorsed
8670-483: The total population of York lived below this poverty line. This result corresponded with that from Booth's study of poverty in London and so challenged the view, commonly held at the time, that abject poverty was a problem particular to London and was not widespread in the rest of Britain. Rowntree distinguished between primary poverty , those lacking in income and secondary poverty , those who had enough income, but spent it elsewhere (1901:295–96). The poverty threshold
8772-538: The work of Richard and Martha Anker, who co-authored "Living Wages Around the World: Manual for Measurement". They define a living income as: The net annual income required for a household in a particular place to afford a decent standard of living for all members of that household. Elements of a decent standard of living include food, water, housing, education, healthcare, transport, clothing, and other essential needs including provision for unexpected events. Like
8874-451: The world's population was considered poor in relation to their particular society. The Living Income Community of Practice (LICOP) was founded by The Sustainable Food Lab, GIZ and ISEAL Alliance to measure the gap between what people around the world earn versus what they need to have a decent standard of living, and find ways to bridge this gap. A variation on the LICOP's Living Income is
8976-485: The world. It influenced the programs and policies of major multilateral and bilateral development agencies, and was the precursor to the human development approach." A traditional list of immediate "basic needs" is food (including water), shelter, and clothing. Many modern lists emphasize the minimum level of consumption of 'basic needs' of not just food, water, and shelter, but also sanitation, education, and health care. Different agencies use different lists. According to
9078-502: Was $ 34,618 (+/- $ 2,306). Approximately, 6.9% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 18.0% of those under the age of 18 and 5.3% of those ages 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 29,526 people, 12,104 households, and 7,701 families living in the city. The population density was 2,973.4 inhabitants per square mile (1,148.0/km). There were 13,276 housing units at an average density of 1,337.0 per square mile (516.2/km). The racial makeup of
9180-407: Was $ 41,949, and the median income for a family was $ 50,952. Males had a median income of $ 33,828 versus $ 26,745 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 21,634. About 3.1% of families and 5.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 6.0% of those under age 18 and 2.6% of those age 65 or over. According to the town's 2014 Chamber of Commerce report, the top employers in
9282-573: Was 1,083 inhabitants per square mile (418/km ). There were 288,231 housing units at an average density of 476 per square mile (184/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 70.10% White , 23.27% Black or African American , 0.48% Native American , 1.28% Asian , 0.18% Pacific Islander , 2.43% from other races , and 2.25% from two or more races. 5.37% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 16.7% were of German , 9.1% American , 8.9% Irish and 8.8% English ancestry. There were 266,294 households, out of which 29.90% had children under
9384-476: Was 41.1 years. For every 100 females, the population had 89.4 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 93.0 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $ 55,940 (with a margin of error of +/- $ 4,100) and the median family income was $ 71,461 (+/- $ 3,629). Males had a median income of $ 38,259 (+/- $ 4,989) versus $ 32,413 (+/- $ 1,439) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old
9486-422: Was 53.34% (16,007) white , 32.68% (9,807) black or African-American , 0.52% (155) Native American , 1.11% (333) Asian , 0.21% (63) Pacific Islander , 2.98% (894) from other races , and 9.17% (2,753) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 6.6% (1,924) of the population. Of the 12,720 households, 22.4% had children under the age of 18; 34.8% were married couples living together; 36.4% had
9588-467: Was added to the state of Missouri at a cost of $ 800 by a treaty signed in 1826. Jackson County , named after President Andrew Jackson , was formed in 1827. A large section of the county, Township 49, was accidentally not offered for sale when the other townships were, and so was called "The Lost Township". People moved into the township and squatted until the township was surveyed and the land sold in 1843. The pioneers and travelers moving westward down
9690-414: Was amended in 1985 and 1986. Executive power of the county is vested in the county executive , which is a full-time salaried position. The county executive is elected at-large by the general population of the county for a four-year term. The County Prosecutor is a full-time salaried position elected at-large by the general population of the county for a four-year term Ordinances are passed by
9792-547: Was constructed there. This stockade and trading post was one of the first U.S. military installations within the Louisiana Purchase territory, and remained active until 1822. In 1821, Jackson County was included in the newly admitted state of Missouri . Jackson County was organized on December 15, 1826, and named for Andrew Jackson , U.S. Senator from Tennessee and military hero of the War of 1812 , who would ascend to
9894-414: Was elected as a U.S. Senator from Missouri, Vice President and, in 1945, following the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt , succeeded him to become the thirty-third President of the United States . Truman was also elected president in 1948 in his own right. Following World War II , developers followed new highways and created subdivisions for new housing, which increasingly encroached on rural portions of
9996-444: Was first developed by Mollie Orshansky between 1963 and 1964. She attributed the poverty threshold as a measure of income inadequacy by taking the cost of food plan per family of three or four and multiplying it by a factor of three. In 1969 the inter agency poverty level review committee adjusted the threshold for only price changes. The term "absolute poverty" is also sometimes used as a synonym for extreme poverty. Absolute poverty
10098-650: Was introduced by the International Labour Organization's World Employment Conference in 1976. "Perhaps the high point of the WEP was the World Employment Conference of 1976, which proposed the satisfaction of basic human needs as the overriding objective of national and international development policy. The basic needs approach to development was endorsed by governments and workers' and employers' organizations from all over
10200-520: Was long home to members of the indigenous Osage tribe, who occupied this territory at the time of European encounter. The first known European explorers were French trappers who used the Missouri River as a highway for explorations and trading with regional Native American tribes. Jackson County was claimed as a part of the territory of New France , until 1763 and the British victory in
10302-471: Was strongly affected by Union General Thomas Ewing 's infamous General Order No. 11 (1863) . With large numbers of Confederate sympathizers living within its boundaries, and active Confederate operations in the area a frequent occurrence, the Union command was determined to deprive Confederate bushwhackers of all local support. Ewing's decree practically emptied the rural portions of the county, and resulted in
10404-505: Was the last Republican gubernatorial candidate in 1988 and Kit Bond for the Senate in 1998 . Tom Schweich is the last Statewide Republican candidate to win the county in his landslide victory for State Auditor in 2014 . The county's Democratic lean is due almost entirely to the presence of Kansas City. In 2008, for example, John McCain barely carried the areas of the county outside Kansas City, but Barack Obama carried Kansas City by
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