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18-462: Between July and October 1806 Petar Ičko , an Ottoman dragoman (translator-diplomat) and representative of the Serbian rebels, negotiated a peace treaty known in historiography as " Ičko's Peace ". Ičko had been sent to Constantinople twice in the latter half of 1806 to negotiate peace. The Ottomans seemed ready to grant Serbia autonomy following rebel victories in 1805 and 1806, also pressured by

36-820: A favourable peace treaty, known as " Ičko's Peace ". He returned and lived in Belgrade as an honorary citizen, but died there soon after, on 5 May 1808, probably poisoned. His son Naum Ičko established the "Question-mark" bistro in 1823. His house is preserved today as " Ičko's House " He was surnamed Itskoglou ( Greek : Ιτσκογλου ), rendered in Serbian as Ičkoglija (Ичкоглија) and Ičkoglić (Ичкоглић). Ima vesti, da su Mustafa i Ičko bili u tešnjim vezama i kao članovi jedne slobodnozidarske lože u Beogradu, kojoj je možda pripadao i Aziz efendija. Had%C5%BEi Mustafa Pasha Hadji Mustafa Pasha ( Serbo-Croatian : Hadži Mustafa-paša , Хаџи Мустафа-паша, Turkish : Hacı Mustafa Şinikoğlu Paşa ; 1733 – 27 December 1801)

54-658: The Russian Empire , which had taken Moldavia and Wallachia ; they agreed to a sort of autonomy and clearer stipulation of taxes in January 1807, by which time the rebels had already taken Belgrade . The rebels rejected the treaty and sought Russian aid to their independence, while the Ottomans had declared war on Russia in December 1806. A Russo-Serbian alliance treaty was signed on 10 June 1807. On 10 July 1807,

72-537: The Sanjak of Vidin . Fearing the dissolution of the Janissary command in Sanjak of Smederevo , Osman Pazvantoğlu launched a series of raids against Serbian brigands without the permission of Sultan Selim III causing much volatility and fear in the region. Mustafa Pasha engaged mercenary forces in order to fight against forces of Osman Pazvantoğlu. To finance these forces Mustafa Pasha had to increase taxes. He accepted

90-676: The Pashalik of Belgrade before he became Vizier of the Belgrade Pashaluk in July 1793. He closely collaborated with Petar Ičko and according to some sources both of them were members of one masonic lodge . As a friend of the Serb people, he was nicknamed the "Serbian mother". In 1793 and 1796 Selim III proclaimed firmans in which gave more rights to Serbs. Among other things, taxes were to be collected by local Serbian rulers with

108-654: The Russians over autonomy under the Ottomans (as set by the " Ičko's Peace "). Karađorđe was to receive arms, and military and medical missions, which proved to be a turning point in the Serbian Revolution . Rule was divided between Grand Vožd Karađorđe, the Narodna Skupština (People's Assembly) and the Praviteljstvujušči Sovjet (Governing Council), established in 1805. The Governing Council

126-601: The Serbian rebels under Karađorđe signed an alliance with the Russian Empire during the First Serbian Uprising . After the Ottoman Empire had allied itself with Napoleon 's France in late 1806, and was subsequently at war with Russia and Britain , it sought to meet the demands of the Serbian rebels. At the same time, the Russians offered the Serbs aid and cooperation. The Serbs chose alliance with

144-586: The absence of Mustafa Pasha the forces of Pazvantoğlu together with Janissaries captured Požarevac and besieged Belgrade fortress. At the end of November 1797 ober knezes from Valjevo Aleksa Nenadović , Ilija Birčanin and Nikola Grbović brought their forces to Belgrade and forced besieging Janissary forces to retreat to Smederevo . In January 1798 Mustafa Pasha ordered his forces together with Serb forces under command of Ilija Birčanin to attack Janissary forces in Smederevo . However, on January 30, 1799,

162-439: The administration, the economy, army supply, order and peace, judiciary, and foreign policy. In 1811, the government system was reorganized, with the formation of ministries ( popečiteljstva ) instead of nahija -representatives. 44°48′39″N 20°27′45″E  /  44.81083°N 20.46250°E  / 44.81083; 20.46250 Petar I%C4%8Dko Petar Ičko ( Serbian Cyrillic : Петар Ичко , c. 1755–1808)

180-559: The court of Sultan Selim III allowed the Janissaries to return, referring to them as local Muslims from the Sanjak of Smederevo . Initially the Janissaries accepted the authority of the Belgrade Pasha under Hadži Mustafa Pasha. Then two Janissaries in Šabac, Bego Novljanin and Ćurt-oglija, demanded from a Serb a surcharge and murdered the Serb when he refused to pay. Fearing the worst, Hadži Mustafa Pasha marched on Šabac with

198-484: The proposal of local ober knezes to allow them to establish their own forces consisting of 16,000 Serbs led by Serb officers, commanded by Stanko Arambašić from Veliko Selo, to prevent the rebellion because of the increased taxes. In the summer of 1797 the sultan appointed Mustafa Pasha on position of beglerbegi of Rumelia Eyalet and he left Serbia for Plovdiv to fight against the Vidin rebels of Pazvantoğlu. During

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216-519: The renegade Janissaries ( Dahije ), he was forced in 1802 to move to Zemun , at that time a Habsburg Military Frontier town. After the outbreak of the First Serbian Uprising (1804), he began supporting and working with the Serbian rebels led by Karađorđe . He rendered them some valuable advice thanks to his diplomatic and trade skills. The rebel leaders sent him as their representative in Constantinople where he managed to obtain for them

234-633: The sanjak. Born in 1733, of Greek Muslim origin, he was surnamed Şinikoğlu ( Serbo-Croatian : Šinikdžić ). As hajji , he carried out a pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina , and was also a member of the Bektashi Order . He was among the notable Ottomans who had fought during the Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791) and the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) . Mustafa Pasha was the main government architect ( bina emin ) in

252-488: The title of obor-knez (dukes); freedom of trade and religion were granted and ordinary Serbs began to live in peace. Selim III also decreed that some unpopular Janissaries were to leave the Belgrade Pashaluk as he saw them as a threat to the central authority of Hadži Mustafa Pasha. Many of those Janissaries were employed by or found refuge with Osman Pazvantoğlu , a renegade opponent of Sultan Selim III in

270-418: Was an Ottoman and later Serbian diplomat , a merchant by profession from Ottoman Macedonia . He is remembered for instituting Ičko's Peace , though of short duration. He was of Aromanian descent, born in the village of Katranitsa , at the time in the Ottoman Empire (today Pyrgoi, Greece ), a place with developed merchant traditions. He resettled to the north, managing his own commercial business, and

288-506: Was an Ottoman commander and politician of Greek Muslim origin who lived in Sanjak of Smederevo (in modern-day Serbia ). He fought in the Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791) and the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) . In the period between 1793 and 1801 he was Vizier of the Sanjak of Smederevo (also known as Belgrade Pashaluk ). On 15 December 1801 he was murdered by Kučuk-Alija , one of four rebel Janissary leaders ( dahije ) who took control over

306-737: Was employed as a dragoman in Ottoman diplomatic missions in Berlin and probably in Vienna . Settling in Ottoman Belgrade towards the end of the 18th century, he became an affluent merchant. He closely collaborated with the Vizier of the Pashaluk of Belgrade , Hadži Mustafa Pasha , and according to some sources both of them were members of one Masonic Lodge . After the return to power of

324-473: Was established by recommendation of the Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs Czartoryski and on the proposal of some of the voivodes ( Jakov and Matija Nenadović , Milan Obrenović , Sima Marković ). The idea of Boža Grujović, the first secretary, and Matija Nenadović, the first president, was that the council would become the government of the new Serbian state. It had to organize and supervise

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