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93-779: The Renault Mégane ( French pronunciation: [meɡan] ), also spelled without the acute accent as Megane , especially in languages other than French, and also known as the Renault Megavan for an LCV in Ireland, as the Renault Scala in Iran and as the Renault Mégane Grandcoupé for the saloon in Israel, Palestinian Authority and Serbia for certain generations, is a small family car produced by

186-722: A 1.4-liter Energy SOHC unit borrowed from the Clio , producing 72 PS (53 kW). Production ended in 1996 and the revised front end became used for the Phase 4 design built in Turkey beginning in 1997. Built by Oyak-Renault in Bursa beginning in 1985, the Renault 9 retained the original "Phase 1" bodystyle until 1993. the Phase 2 Renault 9 was not built there, although a number of minor external and internal changes were carried out over

279-563: A 50 vehicle, 50th special edition Prestige with leather seats and alloy rims. In 1992, these versions ceased production and three models were introduced: The basic Brío (1.3 L), the mid range Súper (1.3 L) and the Máximo (1.6 L). In 1995, the Brío was renamed Brío RN, so it could be differentiated from the more sophisticated Brío RT. A more powerful variant of the RT was called Óptimo. By

372-773: A completely new interior. After 16 years of production, the Renault 9 was discontinued in Colombia, and was replaced by the Renault 19 and the Renault Mégane . It became the quintessential family car in Colombia, reaching over 115,000 units built and sold between 1983 and 1999, a record in the automotive Colombian history up to that time. Sanfu Motors in Taiwan assembled the Renault 9 from 1983 until 1996. An automatic-equipped version became available in January 1985. In 1985

465-593: A flex fuel version, called "Hi-Flex", which is able to run either with unleaded petrol or ethanol. Like the Brazilian Scénic and Clio versions, the Mégane's engine can work with any mix of petrol and ethanol, due to the use of an electronic control module. The flex version has a 16V 110 hp (81 kW), 115 hp (85 kW) with ethanol, 1.6-litre inline-four engine developed and produced in Brazil, but

558-457: A four-speed automatic one. Both of these were equipped with Abs and other extra equipment including driver and passenger front airbags, foglights, leather seats, electric mirrors and electric windows. In Argentina, not every version had features such as electric windows, electric mirrors or airbags. During the 1990s, Renault Sport developed a rally car for the Formula 2 Kit Car regulations. This

651-410: A key that modified the meaning of the next key press, was developed to overcome this problem. This acute accent key was already present on typewriters where it typed the accent without moving the carriage, so a normal letter could be written on the same place. The US-International layout provides this function: ' is a dead key so appears to have no effect until the next key is pressed, when it adds

744-490: A more modern look. The front design was originally developed for the 1993 facelift model assembled in Taiwan under the name " Renault Luxmore ." These later Turkish-made cars carried a "Broadway" badge as well as the Renault 9 designation, but note that "Broadway" had already been used on special editions of the earlier phase models. The Renault 9 was launched in October 1981 as a four-door saloon (in right-hand drive form for

837-429: A number of cases of "letter with acute accent" as precomposed characters and these are displayed below. In addition, many more symbols may be composed using the combining character facility ( U+0301 ◌́ COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT and U+0317 ◌̗ COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT BELOW ) that may be used with any letter or other diacritic to create a customised symbol but this does not mean that

930-534: A simpler and more conservative looking dashboard and the digital instruments were never available. Both models were facelifted one more time for the European market (Phase 2) with matching nose and interior upgrades for the model year of 1987. At the Brussels Motor Show in January 1985 Renault showed the 11 Société, a light commercial version of the three-door hatchback with a cargo platform replacing

1023-693: A special version of the Renault F7R engine , and had a seven speed Sequential manual transmission . Its most notable result was an outright victory in the 1996 Tour de Corse in the hands of Philippe Bugalski and his co driver Jean-Paul Chiaroni (in a year where the Tour de Corse was a FIA 2-Litre World Rally Cup only event); but it also helped Renault to the FIA 2 Litre World Rally Cup of Manufacturer's title in 1999. In other high level competitions, Renault took back to back manufacturer's and driver's titles in

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1116-571: A specification ahead of all rivals in 1995, e.g. VW Golf Mk 3, Opel Astra F, Ford Escort etc. Some features, such as the three-point middle belt, had debuted on the Renault 19 safety concept vehicle (and this feature entered production on the Renault Laguna before the Mégane). The car also benefited from Renault's first "System for Restraint and Protection" (SRP), essentially a system of careful optimisation of occupant restraint by interaction of

1209-648: A traditional three box design to appeal to the traditional customer and avoid the poor reception that had met the Renault 14 's styling. Exhaustive consumer studies suggested that buyers rejected innovation, resulting in a rather nondescript design, albeit of modest elegance. By the time the models entered production, Renault had assigned more than 500 people to the project, logging 14,500,000 hours of study and testing, constructing 44 prototypes, testing 130 engines, and test driving prototypes more than 2.2 million km. Both cars were also more conservatively engineered, although they retained front wheel drive, Renault abandoned

1302-527: A year after the launch of the Renault 19. However, production continued in other countries, with the end finally coming after nearly twenty years when production in Turkey was discontinued in 2000. The Renault 11 Turbo was used extensively by Renault Sport for their Group A car in the 1987 World Rally Championship. Frenchman Alain Oreille managed a Group N victory in the 1985 Rallye Monte Carlo , followed by

1395-461: Is indicative of a palatalized sound in several languages. In Polish , such a mark is known as a kreska ("stroke") and is an integral part of several letters: four consonants and one vowel. When appearing in consonants, it indicates palatalization , similar to the use of the háček in Czech and other Slavic languages (e.g. sześć [ˈʂɛɕt͡ɕ] "six"). However, in contrast to

1488-407: Is placed on a vowel by pressing ⌥ Option + e and then the vowel, which can also be capitalised; for example, á is formed by pressing ⌥ Option + e and then a , and Á is formed by pressing ⌥ Option + e and then ⇧ Shift + a . Because keyboards have only a limited number of keys, US English keyboards do not have keys for accented characters. The concept of dead key ,

1581-493: Is sometimes (though rarely) used for poetic purposes: The layout of some European PC keyboards, combined with problematic keyboard-driver semantics, causes some users to use an acute accent or a grave accent instead of an apostrophe when typing in English (e.g. typing John`s or John´s instead of John's). Western typographic and calligraphic traditions generally design the acute accent as going from top to bottom. French even has

1674-581: Is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs in the following languages: As with other diacritical marks, a number of (usually French ) loanwords are sometimes spelled in English with an acute accent as used in the original language: these include attaché , blasé , canapé , cliché , communiqué , café , décor , déjà vu , détente , élite , entrée , exposé , mêlée , fiancé , fiancée , papier-mâché , passé , pâté , piqué , plié , repoussé , résumé , risqué , sauté , roué , séance , naïveté and touché . Retention of

1767-493: The háček which is usually used for postalveolar consonants , the kreska denotes alveolo-palatal consonants . In traditional Polish typography , the kreska is more nearly vertical than the acute accent, and placed slightly right of center. A similar rule applies to the Belarusian Latin alphabet Łacinka . However, for computer use, Unicode conflates the codepoints for these letters with those of

1860-541: The kreska from acute, letters from Western (computer) fonts and Polish fonts had to share the same set of code points , which make designing the conflicting character (i.e. o acute , ⟨ó⟩ ) more troublesome. OpenType tried to solve this problem by giving language-sensitive glyph substitution to designers such that the font would automatically switch between Western ⟨ó⟩ and Polish ⟨ó⟩ based on language settings. New computer fonts are sensitive to this issue and their design for

1953-726: The British Rally Championship from 1996 to 1999, with Grégoire De Mévius , Alain Oreille , Robbie Head , Martin Rowe , and Tapio Laukkanen . Both the French and British rally teams also compete in the World Rally Championship . After the works programme was discontinued, many privateers continued to use the car. It was also used in the FIA 2-Litre World Rally Cup , which Renault won in 1999. The car used

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2046-595: The British Rally Championship in 1998 and 1999 , whilst they also took the European Rally Championship in 1999 . The Mégane II was launched in September 2002 for the 2003 model year, and marked a completely new fresh start. The two cars bear very little resemblance, the new vehicle having been inspired by the manufacturer's new design language first seen in the Avantime . The new Mégane

2139-453: The Douvrin (or "Suitcase") transmission in sump engine which it had shared with Peugeot-Citroën in the Renault 14, in favour of its in-house power unit – the venerable C-type "Cléon" engine with an end on mounted transmission. This mechanical layout, along with the 9/11's suspension design, was to become the basis of all small Renaults for the next 15 years or so. The Renault 9 was awarded

2232-557: The Laguna , most notably the "bird beak" front grille – a styling cue borrowed from the Renault 16 of the 1960s. Renault decided to add an acute accent to the vehicle name (M é gane), in order to assert its European identity, in a context of growing competition of newer car manufacturers coming from Japan. As with the 19 and the 11 before it, the Mégane was produced at Renault's Douai plant in northern France starting in July 1995, and at

2325-676: The Quốc Ngữ system for Vietnamese , the Yale romanization for Cantonese , the Pinyin romanization for Mandarin Chinese , and the Bopomofo semi-syllabary , the acute accent indicates a rising tone . In Mandarin, the alternative to the acute accent is the number 2 after the syllable: lái = lai2. In Cantonese Yale , the acute accent is either tone 2, or tone 5 if the vowel(s) are followed by 'h' (if

2418-543: The hot hatch segment of the market. The Hatchback model was revised at Motor Show Brussels in January 2006, the Wagon and Convertible model was debut at Geneva Motor Show in March 2006, with changes in interior trim (e.g. a new revised instrument cluster with the speedometer moved to the right and the tachometer moved to the left), specification levels and most notably, a new front nose. A new front suspension system borrowed from

2511-463: The 1.2 L turbocharged engine going on sale, whilst the styling of the hatchback, coupé and estate versions was updated to match Renault's new model range. Acute accent The acute accent ( / ə ˈ k j uː t / ), ◌́ , is a diacritic used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin , Cyrillic , and Greek scripts. For the most commonly encountered uses of

2604-565: The 1.6 like the R11 and according to ADEFA 144,262 vehicles made (R9) and 79,037 (R11). Today, the R9 is a very popular car in the country, like in the small and the big cities. All versions of the R11 and R9 manufactured in Argentina, as well as in Colombia and Turkey, suffered the problems that the material with which the dashboard is made degraded with ultraviolet rays, and ends cracking (especially on

2697-647: The 19, and utilized modified versions of that car's drivetrain and chassis. The second and third generations were based on the Renault–Nissan C platform . The fourth generation is based on the CMF-CD platform, as used by the Renault Talisman and Renault Scénic . In November 1996, the Mégane Scénic compact MPV was introduced, using the same mechanical components as the hatchback Mégane. For 2002,

2790-538: The 1982 European Car of the Year , while the Alliance appeared on Car and Driver 's Ten Best list for 1983, and was the 1983 Motor Trend Car of the Year. The well-equipped Renault 11 TSE Electronic of 1983 was the first car in its class to have a synthetically voiced trip computer , but only because Renault moved up its launch date by a few days in order to get ahead of Austin's Maestro Vanden Plas . Although

2883-522: The 1990 introduction of the Renault 19 to Taiwan, production of the R11 was halted, with sales coming to an end in February 1991. In 1993 a facelifted version of the 9 was introduced, now called the Renault Luxmore (雷諾銀鑽). Sold as a sedan only, this had a restyled front end combined with the Renault 19 Chamade's taillights, and also adapted much of the 19's interior. The Luxmore's engine was

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2976-495: The 2.0-litre, French-built engine can not be run on ethanol. As with the previous Mégane, the range of models is wide; there is a three and five door hatchback available, named "Sport Hatch" and "Hatch" respectively, there is a four-door saloon/sedan (Sport Saloon), a five-door estate (Sport Tourer / Grandtour), and to replace both the Mégane Coupe and Convertible, a new retractable hardtop coupe designed by Karmann . Unlike

3069-399: The 4 headlight front of the phase 1 Renault 11. The more aerodynamic Phase 2 appeared in 1987 and the 9 and 11 now only differed at the rear of the cars. Finally, the Phase 3, which was not sold in most of Europe, was released in Turkey in 1997. This final revision had more rounded head and tail lights, as well as ovoid body cladding around the bumpers and boot lid, which aimed to give the car

3162-491: The 9 and 11 cars had different names and body styles, they were identical under the skin, and were intended to jointly replace the older Renault 14. The 11 was also distinguishable from the 9 by its front end, which featured square twin headlights, which had been introduced on the North American Alliance . The 9 also received this new front end in late 1985 for the 1986 model year. The 11 deliberately aped

3255-468: The 92 PS (68 kW) 1.7-liter TXE version was added, better known as the 11 Flash. The three-door 11 was never assembled by Oyak-Renault. To celebrate Galatasaray reaching the semifinals in the 1989 European Champions Clubs' Cup , a special edition of 500 cars called the Flash Galatasaray was produced. In 1990, there was a Fenerbahçe special edition. Both of these featured elements in

3348-493: The Fluence replaced the Mégane in Renault's lineup from 2011 onwards. The Mégane III underwent its first facelift in January 2012, which also introduced three new engines; a 1.2 L turbocharged petrol engine, a new 110 hp (112 PS; 82 kW) version of the 1.5 L dCi engine, and a new 1.6 L dCi engine. Another facelift followed for 2014, with a more powerful 128 hp (130 PS; 95 kW) version of

3441-399: The French car manufacturer Renault for the 1996 model year, and was the successor to the Renault 19 . The Mégane has been offered in three- and five-door hatchback , saloon , coupé , convertible and estate bodystyles at various points in its lifetime, and having been through four generations is now in its fifth incarnation. The first generation was largely based on its predecessor,

3534-528: The Group A victory in 1986 (enough for an eighth finish overall). A Renault 11 Turbo was, however, piloted to a second and third-place finishes in the 1987 Portuguese Rally and San Remo Rally respectively with Jean Ragnotti in the driver's seat. The 11 Turbo also won the national Polish Rally Championship in 1985 and 1988, and both the Swiss and Portuguese rally championships in 1987. Its last result of importance

3627-568: The Japanese compound for pocket monster, the last three from languages which do not use the Roman alphabet, and where transcriptions do not normally use acute accents. For foreign terms used in English that have not been assimilated into English or are not in general English usage, italics are generally used with the appropriate accents: for example, coup d'état , pièce de résistance , crème brûlée and ancien régime . The acute accent

3720-605: The Microsoft Word spell checker to add the accent for them. Some young computer users got in the habit of not writing accented letters at all. The codes (which come from the IBM PC encoding ) are: On most non-US keyboard layouts (e.g. Spanish, Hiberno-English), these letters can also be made by holding AltGr (or Ctrl+Alt with US international mapping) and the desired letter. Individual applications may have enhanced support for accents. On macOS computers, an acute accent

3813-644: The Mégane 2.0 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp) was adopted, improving the driving performance. Also, the Nissan Sentra B16 is based on the platform from 2006 of the Renault Mégane. During its first full year of sales, the Mégane II topped the French sales charts, with 198,874 registered in 2003. It has also sold very well in Britain, being the nation's fourth most popular car in 2005 and

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3906-447: The Mégane II, was a first in this class and has since been widely adopted. Similarly, the option of a panoramic glass sunroof is another area in which Renault led where others followed. In June 2003, the first ever live crash test using a real driver rather than a crash test dummy featuring the Mégane II was conducted by Top Gear . The Mégane II sedan was assembled in Iran by Pars Khodro from 2008 to 2013. In Brazil, Renault launched

3999-488: The Mégane entered its second generation with a substantial redesign taking place, and was voted European Car of the Year for 2003, whilst also becoming the first car in its class to receive a five star Euro NCAP rating. The Mégane entered its third generation in 2008, with another totally different design being used; the saloon version of the Mégane became known as the Renault Fluence for this generation, and it

4092-600: The North American market. The car was produced in Turkey until 2000. The models use a transverse front-wheel drive engine configuration, and feature four wheel independent suspension. They were chosen as the European Car of the Year in 1982, as well as the Car of the Year by Motor Trend and one of the 10Best by Car and Driver in 1983. There were three facelifts given to the Renault 9 and two facelifts to

4185-479: The Renault 11 during their careers. When released in 1983, the Renault 11 was equipped with double headlights, different from the Renault 9. In 1985 the Renault 9 was given a facelift, giving it the same front look and double headlights as the Renault 11 but only in GTS, GTD, TSE, TDE, TXE, and GTX levels. The lower end C, TC, GTC, TL, GTL, and TD models retained the phase 1 front. The later Renault 9 Broadway series also had

4278-574: The Renault 9 in the country were known as the Gama 2. In 1987, the TL (1300 cc) was introduced followed by the more advanced TSE 1.3 and GTX 1.4 in 1988. The latter featured front power windows, a spoiler, and a better interior. The new top of the range TXE was launched in 1989, and introduced updated front lights, power mirrors and the TIR – An infrared remote control to operate the locks. In 1990, SOFASA marketed

4371-760: The Spanish plant of Palencia . Market launch began on 15 November 1995 in France, and 15 December 1995 for the coupé. Sales in the United Kingdom commenced in April 1996. Safety was a key focus of the Mégane I, Renault's first car reflecting their new focus of selling on safety. It featured a pillar mounted three-point seatbelt for the middle rear occupant (replacing the common 'lap strap'), standard front belt pre tensioners and load limiters, driver's airbag (passenger airbag from 1996) and an impressive safety structure –

4464-479: The UK market in March 1982 ), while the 11 was launched at the beginning of 1983 (in the UK from June that year) as a three or five door hatchback . Both had been developed under the Renault code name L42 , and were designed by Robert Opron . Renault had begun the conception of the Renault 9 in 1977, as a "four metre" model (referring to its length) to fit between the Renault 5 and the Renault 14 . Opron conceived

4557-451: The accent in the Latin and Greek alphabets, precomposed characters are available. An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex , used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels . The acute accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek , where it indicated a syllable with a high pitch . In Modern Greek, a stress accent has replaced the pitch accent, and

4650-538: The accent is common only in the French ending é or ée , as in these examples, where its absence would tend to suggest a different pronunciation. Thus the French word résumé is commonly seen in English as resumé , with only one accent (but also with both or none). Acute accents are sometimes added to loanwords where a final e is not silent , for example, maté from Spanish mate, the Maldivian capital Malé , saké from Japanese sake , and Pokémon from

4743-721: The accented Latin letters of similar appearance. In Serbo-Croatian , as in Polish, the letter ⟨ć⟩ is used to represent a voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate /t͡ɕ/ . In the romanization of Macedonian , ⟨ǵ⟩ and ⟨ḱ⟩ represent the Cyrillic letters ⟨ѓ⟩ ( Gje ) and ⟨ќ⟩ ( Kje ), which stand for palatal or alveolo-palatal consonants, though ⟨gj⟩ and ⟨kj⟩ (or ⟨đ⟩ and ⟨ć⟩ ) are more commonly used for this purpose . The same two letters are used to transcribe

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4836-408: The acute accent in Chinese typefaces a problem. Designers approach this problem in 3 ways: either keep the original Western form of going top right (thicker) to bottom left (thinner) (e.g. Arial / Times New Roman ), flip the stroke to go from bottom left (thicker) to top right (thinner) (e.g. Adobe HeiTi Std/ SimSun ), or just make the accents without stroke variation (e.g. SimHei ). Unicode encodes

4929-459: The acute marks the stressed syllable of a word. The Greek name of the accented syllable was and is ὀξεῖα ( oxeîa , Modern Greek oxía ) "sharp" or "high", which was calqued (loan-translated) into Latin as acūta "sharpened". The acute accent marks the stressed vowel of a word in several languages: The acute accent marks the height of some stressed vowels in various Romance languages . A graphically similar, but not identical, mark

5022-450: The cars were heavier than the Renault 5, the increased power in later models was enough to ensure higher performance, thanks to its 115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp). The rally tuned version was impressively fast, producing up to 220 PS (162 kW; 217 hp). The newer F type engine which had been developed in collaboration with Volvo appeared from the end of 1983 on in twin carburetted 1,721 cc guise ( F2N ), powering

5115-449: The definition of acute is the accent «qui va de droite à gauche» (English: "which goes from right to left" ), meaning that it descends from top right to lower left. In Polish, the kreska diacritic is used instead, which usually has a different shape and style compared to other European languages. It features a more vertical steep form and is moved more to the right side of center line than acute. As Unicode does not differentiate

5208-571: The desired accute accent. Computers sold in Europe (including UK) have an AltGr ('alternate graphic') key which adds a third and (with the Shift key ) fourth effect to most keys. Thus AltGr + a produces á and AltGr + A produces Á . Renault 9 Variants were manufactured by American Motors Corporation (AMC), as the Renault Alliance and Renault Encore for

5301-434: The diacritics tends toward a more "universal design" so that there will be less need for localization, for example Roboto and Noto typefaces. Pinyin uses the acute accent to mark the second tone (rising or high-rising tone), which indicates a tone rising from low to high, causing the writing stroke of acute accent to go from lower left to top right. This contradicts the Western typographic tradition which makes designing

5394-423: The five door hatchback and Mégane Coupé were officially put on sale. The two models have different designs; the Coupé has a sporty design, while the five door model is more conservative. No automatic transmission is offered on petrol engines, with it being replaced by a continuously variable transmission . A five-door estate version was introduced in June 2009, and was named the Sport Tourer. Another addition to

5487-401: The five-door Renault 11 also became available, initially only in sporting GTX trim with alloy wheels and equipped with the 1,721 cc (105.0 cu in) F2NA engine with 95 PS (70 kW). As of April 1986 the Renault 9 gained the twin headlight front design of the 11, while the 11 GTX was replaced by the TXE. From October 1986 the 1397 cc engine originally reserved for the R9

5580-456: The middle of 1995. The Mégane I was unveiled in September 1995, at the Frankfurt Motor Show , as a replacement for the Renault 19 . The car was essentially a reskin of its predecessor, and carried over the 19's floorpan, engines, transmissions and chassis design, albeit with much modification. Taking its name from a Renault concept car shown in 1988, the Mégane further developed the new corporate styling theme introduced by Patrick Le Quément on

5673-408: The middle of 1996, SOFASA decided to experiment a much more flexible way to offer cars to the market. Called R9 Personnalité, the idea allowed customers to choose from different engines and accessories so they could assemble the car they wanted within their budget. This was possible through special software in dealerships. A year later, a facelifted version featured fuel injection, assisted steering, and

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5766-402: The nation's fifth most popular car in 2004 and 2006. In 2007, it dipped to eighth place, with just over 55,000 examples being sold. The Mégane sedan was the best-selling car in Turkey from 2004 to 2006. The BYD S8 , a Chinese convertible, shares a rear design with the Renault Mégane CC. The third generation was launched in the end of 2008, to keep the range competitive. In October 2008, both

5859-431: The number form is used, 'h' is omitted): má = ma2, máh = ma5. In African languages and Athabaskan languages , it frequently marks a high tone, e.g., Yoruba apá 'arm', Nobiin féntí 'sweet date', Ekoti kaláwa 'boat', Navajo t’áá 'just'. The acute accent is used in Serbo-Croatian dictionaries and linguistic publications to indicate a high-rising accent. It is not used in everyday writing. The acute accent

5952-402: The original Mégane was only available in LHD form, with no RHD variants built. This could be due to the greater popularity of the Scenic in those markets, limiting the potential sales of a compact estate. The estate was added with the facelift of 1999, although pre-facelifted Mégane estates were sold from September 1998 in Turkey, where it was manufactured by Oyak-Renault . In Japan, Renault

6045-415: The postulated Proto-Indo-European phonemes /ɡʲ/ and /kʲ/ . Sorbian uses the acute for palatalization as in Polish: ⟨ć dź ń⟩ . Lower Sorbian also uses ⟨ŕ ś ź⟩ , and Lower Sorbian previously used ⟨ḿ ṕ ẃ⟩ and ⟨b́ f́⟩ , also written as ⟨b' f'⟩ ; these are now spelt as ⟨mj pj wj⟩ and ⟨bj fj⟩ . In

6138-431: The previous model, the estate version was sold in RHD for the first time. Unlike its predecessor, the Mégane II was not licensed by Yanase Co., Ltd. for the Japanese market, as Renault had acquired a stake in Nissan when the Mégane I was still in production. Instead, the Mégane II was licensed by Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. and sold exclusively through Nissan Red Stage Store locations. The RenaultSport (RS) versions of

6231-416: The range came in the form of the Coupé Cabriolet in June 2010. That year also saw the addition of a 1.4 L turbocharged engine being added to the range. Production of the Mégane's saloon derivative, the Fluence , began in Argentina in 2011, at the firm's Córdoba plant. The Mégane III was also made available for sale in Argentina that year, but was produced in Turkey, and imported into the country. In Brazil,

6324-488: The range was updated, using the Phase 2 facelift front. The 1.4-liter Broadway with 72 PS replaced the Spring and other models, while the 1.6-liter 80 PS (59 kW) Fairway model was added, using the Argentinian C2L engine with a twin-barrel Weber carburetor . The Fairway received the headlights and various trim parts from the 11 Flash S in September 1994 but was discontinued in the first half of 1996 due to dropping sales. A modernized, more ovoid design (phase 3)

6417-416: The range. An Estate body style was also launched in mainland Europe with the facelift. The production continued for the Latin America Market, where it was sold alongside the Mégane II line at a considerably lower price until 2011. In countries, such as Argentina and Colombia, the Mégane I was available until 2010, sold as a sedan and an estate, but in Venezuela, it was available only as a sedan. It features as

6510-474: The rear seat. A version of the 9 was manufactured and marketed by American Motors Corporation (AMC) in the United States as the Renault Alliance and bearing a small AMC badge. With 623,573 examples manufactured for model years 1982–1987, AMC offered the Alliance as a four-door sedan, two door sedan (with higher rear wheel arches than the four door) and as a convertible , beginning in 1984. The Renault 9 and 11 continued in production in France until 1989,

6603-474: The result has any real-world application and are not shown in the table. On Windows computers with US keyboard mapping , letters with acute accents can be created by holding down the alt key and typing in a three-number code on the number pad to the right of the keyboard before releasing the Alt key. Before the appearance of Spanish keyboards, Spanish speakers had to learn these codes if they wanted to be able to write acute accents, though some preferred using

6696-410: The right side, since it doesn't have the steering column that supports it). SOFASA started manufacturing the Renault 9 in 1983, launching the version GTL with 1400 cc and 60 PS (44 kW; 59 hp). This model's engine capacity was reduced to 1300 cc and became the entry model when the better equipped GTS (1400 cc) was launched in 1985. The next European facelifted versions of

6789-489: The seat, seatbelt, pretensioner, load limiter and airbag. The Mégane I achieved a best in class four star crash test rating in the 1998 round of testing by Euro NCAP . November 1996 saw the introduction of the Mégane Scénic compact MPV . Power came from the Renault E type ("Energy") engine in 1.4 L and 1.6 L, and the F-type unit in both 1.9 L diesel and 2.0 L petrol forms, although this time around there

6882-402: The styling of its larger brother launched almost at the same time - the executive Renault 25 (also styled by Robert Opron) - featuring the signature wraparound rear window and the dramatic hooded dashboard design, which had the option of an 'Electronique' trim level which featured a digital instrument cluster and a voice synthesis trip computer - similar to those on the 25. The 9, by contrast had

6975-489: The team colours and various other special equipment. In 1993, the 11 was facelifted (Phase 3), with the GTS replaced by a 1.6-liter 11 Rainbow, matching the Renault 9 Fairway. The 11 Flash S replaced the earlier Flash model, offering the exterior design features of the 11 Turbo with Speedline Renault 5 GT Turbo wheels (but produced by CMS wheels) and an upgraded engine producing 103 PS (76 kW). The 11 ceased production in Turkey in 1995. The subcompact sized automobile

7068-462: The three door and five door Mégane hatchbacks were introduced, equipped with a turbocharged petrol 2.0 L 16v engine producing 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp) and Turbocharged diesel 2.0L dCi 16V engine producing 175 PS (129 kW;173 hp). Along with the engine, changes were made to the front and rear suspension geometry to improve handling , and the model features a deeper, wider front bumper. The Mégane Renault Sport competes in

7161-549: The time and even had their own SCCA spec racing series, the Alliance Cup. The Renault 11 was manufactured between October 1984 and December 1994 in Renault Argentina's Santa Isabel plant with the following trim levels: GTL, RL, RN, TR, TS, TSE, TXE with the 1.4 M1400 engine by Renault Argentina and after by CIADEA . Manufacture of the Renault 9 began in 1987 until 1997 in the same versions and engines, plus

7254-475: The top line of the model the LA04 engine (16 valves, 1.6 litres and 110 HP), and was produced by both Renault Colombia and Renault Argentina, in where it was one of the best selling cars to date. It is a car with more advanced safety features, upgraded equipment and more. The Mégane I had a lower price than the Mégane II. In Venezuela, it was only available in one version: Unique, with a five-speed manual gearbox or

7347-565: The upmarket GTX, GTE, TXE, and TXE Electronic (Electronique in France) versions. These larger engined versions were specifically developed with American needs in mind, although they also happened to be well suited for a changing European market. Later iterations also received fuel injected engines. The Alliance and Encore, while comparatively underpowered, had a definite advantage in ride and handling against other small cars available in America at

7440-629: The years. In 1986 the diesel-engined GTD joined the GTL in local production, becoming the first diesel-engined passenger car to be built in Turkey. There followed the petrol-engined GTC (1987) and the Broadway replaced the GTL in 1988. A Broadway GTE model also appeared around this time. The GTC was replaced by a new base model called the Renault 9 in Spring 1991. Power varied between 60 and 72 PS (44 and 53 kW) depending on model and year. In April 1993,

7533-429: Was Oreille's fourth place overall in the 1988 Rallye Monte Carlo. At launch, both cars used Renault's ageing Cléon-Fonte overhead valve engines in either 1.1  or 1.4 litre format, and a basic suspension design which won few plaudits for the driving experience. The exceptions were the 9 Turbo and the 11 Turbo hot hatch , which used the turbocharged engine from the Renault 5 . The C1E 1.1 liters engine

7626-525: Was a wider variety of 16 valve derivatives. A 1.9 L diesel engine in both normally aspirated and turbocharged forms was also available. Renault also produced a limited number of Renaultsport edition Phase 1's with the Renaultsport bodywork; however, these were very rare. The Renaultsport kit was available to purchase for a short time direct from Renault France, but has now been discontinued, thus their value has increased. The estate version of

7719-491: Was also made available in the R11 GTS, eroding its position as a sportier model, while the 1.7-liter R9 TXE was also added. In September 1987 the range received the Phase 3 facelift. After French production came to an end in 1989, Sanfu Motors had to source parts from Argentina and Colombia instead. While this did allow them to lower the price, it had a negative impact on quality and thus on Renault's reputation in Taiwan. After

7812-484: Was available only on the Renault 9 and for the three-door body of the R11. The five-door Renault 11 TC and GTC became available with the C1G, 1.2-litre engine in 1985. The C1E was phased out from phase 2, leaving the C1G the smallest engine for the 9/11. The 11 Turbo was introduced first, originally only with three-door bodywork. Compared to the 5 Turbo and the 205 GTi , the 11 Turbo had a more comfort oriented focus. Although

7905-604: Was chosen by Le Quement and frozen for production in April 1992. The first prototypes were built and presented to management in December 1992. Approximately 432 prototypes were built (at Rueil assembly) and destroyed during development. In June 1993, Renault purchased production tooling for the X64, with the first test unit being assembled at the Douai plant in October 1994, and pre production units being constructed from December 1994 to

7998-485: Was coined by Manfred Gotta . The designs retained were developed around four themes. Theme A: a six light version, evoking the Laguna; Theme B: a model with a markedly cuneiform line; Theme C: another design with ellipse shaped glasswork and rear notch; Theme D: a model with the same elliptical glazing and rounded rear. In March 1991, all four styling proposals were developed into full scale (1:1). Theme C by Michel Jardin

8091-555: Was formerly licensed by Yanase Co., Ltd. , but in 1999 Renault acquired a stake in Japanese automaker Nissan . As a result of Renault's purchase, Yanase canceled its licensing contract for all Renault models sold in Japan, including, but not limited to, the Mégane I, in 2000, and Nissan took over as the sole licensee for Renault cars. A mild facelift in spring 1999 gave the Mégane I a modified grille, more advanced safety features and upgraded equipment, and 16 valve engines were used across

8184-595: Was introduced in 2009. The fourth-generation Mégane was launched in 2015, with sales commencing in 2016. In 2021, Renault revealed a battery electric version known as the Megane E-Tech Electric , which takes on a crossover exterior design. Development of the X64 began at the beginning of 1990, with the first sketches of X64 programme being drawn during the first six months of 1990. Very quickly, several themes were outlined and developed into four small scale (1/5) models by September 1990. The Mégane name

8277-559: Was manufactured and marketed in North America by American Motors Corporation (AMC) as the Renault Alliance from model years 1983 to 1987, and with a three and five door hatchback variant, the Renault Encore marketed beginning in 1984. For 1987, AMC offered the one year only GTA Sedan and Convertible , which included a 2.0 L engine, sport suspension, ZENDER GmbH aerodynamic body kit, and Ronal wheels. The Encore

8370-540: Was released in Turkey in 1997 as the Renault Broadway and was sold there until 2000. From 1996, the 1.4-litre engine (now the only size available) received fuel injection in order to meet European emissions standards. These late models were initially sold as the RNi, later simply 1.4i, and produce 80 PS (59 kW). The five-door Renault 11 was built in Turkey in 1.4-liter GTS trim from 1987. The following year

8463-401: Was renamed to Alliance Hatchback in the same year. Production of the Alliance and GTA was discontinued after Chrysler 's buyout of AMC in 1987. A total of 623,573 units were manufactured. In the 1985 James Bond film " A View to a Kill " a Renault 11 TXE taxi plays a significant role. Renowned stuntman Rémy Julienne coordinates a sequence in which the roof of the Renault 11 is torn off and

8556-667: Was the Clio Williams Maxi , which was the first car truly developed for the F2 Kit Car category, and first appeared in 1996. However, rivals such as Citroën and Peugeot soon introduced bigger and more powerful cars, which resulted in Renault producing an F2 version of the Mégane in 1996. The Maxi Mégane officially represented the brand in French Championship rallies in 1996 and 1997 with drivers like Philippe Bugalski , Jean Ragnotti or Serge Jordan , and

8649-549: Was voted European Car of the Year for 2003, fighting off stiff competition from Japan's Mazda3 and PSA's Citroën C3 , and achieved a five star safety rating in the Euro NCAP crash tests, the first small family car to do so. The Mégane II and the Laguna were both showcases for a great deal of innovative technologies Renault launched at the beginning of the 2000s; the Renault Card keyless ignition system, standard on

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