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32-729: The Wellcome Genome Campus is a scientific research campus built in the grounds of Hinxton Hall, Hinxton in Cambridgeshire, England. The Campus is home to some institutes and organisations in genomics and computational biology . The Campus is part of the Wellcome Trust , a global charitable foundation that exists to improve health, and houses the Wellcome Sanger Institute , the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI),

64-470: A 700-acre (280-hectare) area and has 10 million square feet of commercial real estate in an area surrounding Page Mill Road , south west of El Camino Real and extending beyond Foothill Expressway to Arastradero Road. By January 2018, the park's 140 buildings house over 150 different companies and their 23,000 employees. It is currently home to companies like Hewlett-Packard , Lockheed Martin , Tesla Motors , Nest , Skype , TIBCO and SAP . VMware

96-596: A densely concentrated and globally significant cluster for biodata and genomics expertise. The first recorded owner of the estate, in 1506, was the college of Michaelhouse in Cambridge but it wasn’t until the early eighteenth century that the first building – a modest hunting and fishing lodge – was erected by Captain Joseph Richardson of Horseheath . It became a gentleman’s retreat with well-stocked trout ponds and fields full of partridge. The current Hall

128-632: A major role in the Human Genome Project – a global collaboration to sequence the first ‘reference’ human genome. One third of the human genome was sequenced for the first time at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, and the data was stored and shared through EMBL-EBI . This was the largest single contribution of any centre to the Human Genome Project, making the Campus and its collaborations uniquely important in

160-583: A number of shared resources, such as incubators, programs and collaboration activities, uninterruptible power supply , telecommunications hubs, reception and security , management offices, bank offices, convention center , parking , and internal transportation. Science parks also aim to bring together people who assist the developers of technology to bring their work to commercial fruition, for example, experts in intellectual property law . They can be attractive to university students who may interact with prospective employers and encourage students to remain in

192-519: A prominent percentage of consultancy firms, as well as technical service firms, including laboratories and quality control firms". The World Intellectual Property Organization defines Science technology parks as territories usually affiliated with a university or a research institution, which accommodate and foster the growth of companies based therein through technology transfer and open innovation . Some science parks include: Stanford Research Park Stanford Research Park ( SRP )

224-400: A science park must: "have access to qualified research and development personnel in the areas of knowledge in which the park has its identity; be able to market its high valued products and services; have the capability to provide marketing expertise and managerial skills to firms, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises , lacking such a resource; be inserted in a society that allows for

256-539: Is a technology park established in 1951 as a joint initiative between Stanford University and the City of Palo Alto . It was the world's first university research park. It has more than 150 companies, including Hewlett-Packard , Tesla Motors , TIBCO and VMware ; previous high-profile tenants include Steve Jobs 's NeXT Computer , Xerox PARC , and Facebook . It has been called "an engine for Silicon Valley " and "the epicenter of Silicon Valley". The park covers

288-410: Is the park's largest tenant as of January 2018. In 2016, SRP contributed an estimated $ 775 million in terms of economic activity to Palo Alto and approximately $ 2.4 billion to Santa Clara County . In 2016, SRP contributed more than $ 45 million in taxes (across local, state, and federal). After World War II , Stanford University found itself in difficult financial circumstances. But given that it

320-808: The 1980s, North Carolina State University , Raleigh lacked space. New possible sites included the state mental-health property and the Diocese of Raleigh property on 1,000 acres (4.0 km ) surrounding the Lake Raleigh Reservoir . The university's Centennial Campus was developed. Sandia Science and Technology Park , NASA Research Park at Ames and the East Tennessee Technology Park at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are examples of research parks that have been developed by or adjacent to US Federal government laboratories. Science and technology park (STP) activity across

352-749: The Campus, genome and biodata research takes place. The Campus provides bioinformatics services and delivers training in genomics and biodata to scientists and clinicians. At the time of its official opening by the Princess Royal in 1994, the Wellcome Genome Campus was already home to the Wellcome Sanger Institute (then called the Sanger Centre), the Medical Research Council’s Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre ,

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384-594: The European Molecular Biology Laboratory’s European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI). Wellcome funded the establishment of the Sanger Centre in 1993 and chose Hinxton as the home for its new genome research institute. Shortly after, EMBL-EBI located on the same site, and the two institutes formed a natural fit, consolidating expertise, facilities and knowledge in one place and enabling both to contribute

416-574: The European Union has approximately doubled over the last 11–12 years, driven by the growth of the longer standing parks and the emergence of new parks. There are now an estimated 366 STPs in the EU member states that manage about 28 million m2 of completed building floor space, hosting circa 40,000 organisations that employ approximately 750,000 people, mostly in high value added jobs. In the period from 2000 – 2012, total capital investment into EU STPs

448-645: The Stanford Research Park to proceed, despite protests by neighborhood residents. The community opened in June 2017. In 2016, Stanford University and twelve of the park's largest companies formed the Transportation Management Association in order to mitigate traffic congestion from employee commutes, noting that it was making companies within the park less attractive to current and prospective employees. SRP lacks

480-409: The backing of powerful, dynamic and stable economic actors, such as a funding agency, political institution or local university ; include in its management an active person of vision, with the power of decision and with the high and visible profile, who is perceived by relevant actors in society as embodying the interface between academia and industry , long-term plans and good management; and include

512-768: The bioinformatics outstation of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), and a number of biotech companies whose UK offices are located in the BioData Innovation Centre acting as an incubator for businesses of all sizes. In 2020, the South Cambridgeshire District Council granted outline planning permission for an expansion of the Campus. The expansion will increase the overall Campus grounds from 125 acres to 440 acres. The first buildings are expected to be completed in 2026. At

544-492: The exchange of thoughts in many fields including culture, science and the arts. Science parks are elements of the infrastructure of the global " knowledge economy ". They provide concentration that foster innovation and the development and commercialization of technology and where governments, universities and private companies may collaborate. The developers work in fields such as information technology , pharmaceuticals , science and engineering . Science parks may also offer

576-460: The flow of knowledge and technology amongst universities, R&D institutions, companies and markets; it facilitates the creation and growth of innovation-based companies through incubation and spin-off processes; and provides other value-added services together with high quality space and facilities.". The Cabral-Dahab Science Park Management Paradigm , was first presented by Regis Cabral in ten points in 1990. According to this management paradigm,

608-409: The history of genomics. Since the announcement of the completion of the draft human genome in 2000, and final completion in 2003, rapid progress in sequencing technology has enabled new areas of Science to be opened up for exploration. At its opening in 1994, the Campus housed approximately 400 employees. This has grown to over 2,600 people employed at the Wellcome Genome Campus today, making the Campus

640-747: The human genome. The new facility developed laboratory infrastructure, robotics, team working and computational approaches on a scale unprecedented in life sciences. In 2000, the first draft of the human genome was announced with the Sanger Centre championing open access to the data and making the largest contribution to the global collaborative endeavour. Genomes began to convert biology into big data science. The subsequently renamed Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute established long term research programmes to explore and apply genome sequences. 52°05′N 0°11′E  /  52.083°N 0.183°E  / 52.083; 0.183 Research campus The world's first university research park, Stanford Research Park

672-985: The landlords of attractive and well specified office style buildings. Rather, they are complex organisations, often with multiple owners having objectives aligned with important elements of economic development public policy as well as an imperative to be financially self-sustaining in the longer term. The Association of University Research Parks ( AURP ), is a non-profit association consisting of university-affiliated science parks, almost entirely based in North America. It defines "university research and science parks" as "property-based ventures with certain characteristics, including master planned property and buildings designed primarily for private/public research and development facilities, high technology and science based companies and support services; contractual, formal or operational relationships with one or more science or research institutions of higher education; roles in promoting

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704-815: The local area. Science parks may be designed to enhance the quality of life of the workers. For example, they might be built with sports facilities, restaurants, crèches or pleasant outdoor areas. Apart from tenants, science parks create jobs for the local community. Science parks are specific locations and differ from the wider area high-technology business districts in that they are more organized, planned, and managed. They differ from science centres in that they lead to commercialized products from research. They differ from industrial parks which focus on manufacturing and from business parks which focus on business office locations. Science parks are found worldwide. They are most common in developed countries . In North America there are over 170 science parks. For example, in

736-442: The protection of product or process secrets, via patents , security or any other means; be able to select or reject which firms enter the park". A science park should: "have a clear identity, quite often expressed symbolically, as the park's name choice, its logo or the management discourse; have a management with established or recognized expertise in financial matters, and which has presented long-term economic development plans; have

768-425: The university's research and development through industry partnerships, assisting in the growth of new ventures and promoting economic development; roles in aiding the transfer of technology and business skills between university and industry teams and roles in promoting technology-led economic development for the community or region." The International Association of Science Parks and Areas of Innovation ( IASP ),

800-399: The worldwide network of science parks and areas of innovation, defines a science park as "an organisation managed by specialised professionals, whose main aim is to increase the wealth of its community by promoting the culture of innovation and the competitiveness of its associated businesses and knowledge-based institutions. To enable these goals to be met, a Science Park stimulates and manages

832-560: Was authorized and 209 acres were allocated. In 1953, Varian Associates moved in as the park's first tenant. In the early days, Stanford tightly controlled development, without the help of an outside developer. It also rigorously screened potential tenants to ensure they were in line with university objectives. By 1956, Hewlett-Packard established its world headquarters in SRP. The park acquired more land as it grew from 40 tenants in 1960 to 100 tenants in 1985 to over 150 by January 2018. The name

864-629: Was built by John Bromwell Jones in 1748 and remains today as the central three-storey block on the Campus. Opposite the house were stables, a kitchen garden and an orchard, all of which still exist, albeit in altered form. By 1800 ownership of the Hall and estate had passed to the Green family, who remained until 1920, when the Hall was sold to the Robinsons. During the Second World War, the Hall

896-557: Was changed in the 1970s to Stanford Research Park to highlight "the focus of cooperation between the university and the tech companies". In 1991, the Stanford Management Company was established to manage the university's financial and real estate assets, including SRP. In 2014, the Palo Alto City Council allowed a proposed 17-acre (6.9-hectare) affordable housing community with 180 units in

928-469: Was circa €11.7 billion (central estimate). During the same period, STPs spent circa €3 billion on the professional business support and innovation services they either deliver or finance to assist both their tenants and other similar knowledge based businesses in their locality. Increasingly, the reasons why STPs are sound investments for public sector support are becoming better understood and articulated. The evidence base shows that better STPs are not simply

960-625: Was launched in 1951 as a cooperative venture between Stanford University and the City of Palo Alto . Another early university research park was Research Triangle Park in North Carolina , which was launched in 1959. In 1969, Pierre Laffitte founded the Sophia Antipolis Science Park in France . Laffitte had travelled widely and developed a theory of "cross-fertilisation" where individuals could benefit mutually by

992-516: Was rich in land, Stanford University Provost and Dean of Engineering Frederick Terman proposed a Stanford-affiliated and R&D -focused business park that would generate income for Stanford as well as tax revenue for the Palo Alto community. Stanford University and the City of Palo Alto partnered to found the park, which was initially named Stanford Industrial Park . In 1951, the initiative

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1024-447: Was used for billeting American soldiers, stationed at the local airbase at Duxford. In 1953 the Hall and grounds were sold to Tube Investments Plc for us as research laboratories, which closed in the late 1980s. The site remained under their ownership until it was sold to Genome Research Limited in 1992. The Wellcome Trust established the Sanger Centre in 1992 to undertake the most ambitious project ever attempted in biology, sequencing

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