Silas Reese Burns (1855–1940) was an American architect.
54-522: West Adams is a neighborhood in the South Los Angeles region of Los Angeles, California . The neighborhood is known for its large number of historic buildings , structures, notable houses, and mansions . It contains several Historic Preservation Overlay Zones as well as designated historic districts. West Adams is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city of Los Angeles, with most of its buildings erected between 1880 and 1925, including
108-410: A residents' committee ; these are subdivided into residents' small groups of fifteen to forty families. In most urban areas of China, neighbourhood , community , residential community , residential unit , residential quarter have the same meaning: 社区 or 小区 or 居民区 or 居住区 , and is the direct sublevel of a subdistrict ( 街道办事处 ), which is the direct sublevel of a district ( 区 ), which
162-895: A day. Though West Adams had previously been described as "fashionable" and "exclusive", in 1937 the Times wrote: "St James Place, Chester Place , Scarff Street - those place-names mean little to present day Angelinos. Yet they spell an aristocratic Los Angeles of the past, and to a good extent, the present. They are of the wealthy Los Angeles of a past generation, and a visitor to the neighborhood will find evidence of its elegance, if somewhat frayed and faded in spots." African-Americans began to move in around this time. Notable residents included Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Company president Norman O. Houston , actress Hattie McDaniel , civil rights activists John and Vada Sommerville, actress Louise Beavers , band leader Johnny Otis , performers Pearl Bailey and Ethel Waters . In December 1945, some of
216-800: A high level of regulation of social life by officials. For example, in the Tang period Chinese capital city Chang'an, neighbourhoods were districts and there were state officials who carefully controlled life and activity at the neighbourhood level. Neighbourhoods in preindustrial cities often had some degree of social specialisation or differentiation. Ethnic neighbourhoods were important in many past cities and remain common in cities today. Economic specialists, including craft producers, merchants, and others, could be concentrated in neighbourhoods, and in societies with religious pluralism neighbourhoods were often specialised by religion. One factor contributing to neighbourhood distinctiveness and social cohesion in past cities
270-519: A meeting with an urban historian, and numerous community meetings, sixteen neighborhoods, including the neighborhood of West Adams, were submitted to City Council in October 2001 and approved in February 2002. At that time, the city was directed to install "West Adams" neighborhood signs on Vermont, Western and Adams Boulevards West Adams is bounded by Western Avenue on the west, Vermont Avenue on
324-420: A small area within a town or city. The label is commonly used to refer to organisations which relate to such a very local structure, such as neighbourhood policing or Neighbourhood watch schemes. In addition, government statistics for local areas are often referred to as neighbourhood statistics, although the data themselves are broken down usually into districts and wards for local purposes. In many parts of
378-490: A unit of analysis. In mainland China , the term is generally used for the urban administrative division found immediately below the district level, although an intermediate, subdistrict level exists in some cities. They are also called streets (administrative terminology may vary from city to city). Neighbourhoods encompass 2,000 to 10,000 families. Within neighbourhoods, families are grouped into smaller residential units or quarters of 100 to 600 families and supervised by
432-486: A water shortage because the new pipe from the Ivanhoe reservoir was not completed on time. The new reservoir would hold nearly "a billion gallons" of water. In September of that year, a Los Angeles Times reporter wrote: "The growing popularity of apartment houses is causing them to encroach on grounds heretofore exclusively reserved for high-class residences". He was reporting on "one of the handsomest apartment-houses in
486-562: Is home to one of the largest collections of historic houses and small mansions west of the Mississippi River and contains many diverse architectural styles including: Queen Anne , Shingle, Gothic Revival , Transitional Arts and Crafts, American Craftsman / Ultimate Bungalow , Craftsman Bungalow, Colonial Revival , Renaissance Revival , Mediterranean Revival , Spanish Colonial Revival , Mission Revival , Egyptian Revival , Beaux-Arts and Neoclassical styles. West Adams boasts
540-730: Is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. They also designed the McKinley House in Lafayette Park, Los Angeles , which was torn down in 1999. On the campus of Scripps College in Claremont, California , they designed the Administration Building in 1928, and Balch Hall in 1929. Together with Sumner Hunt, Roland Coate (1890–1958) and Aurele Vermeulen (1885–1983), he designed
594-597: Is the direct sublevel of a city ( 市 ). (See Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China ) The term has no general official or statistical purpose in the United Kingdom, but is often used by local boroughs for self-chosen sub-divisions of their area for the delivery of various services and functions, as for example in Kingston-upon-Thames or is used as an informal term to refer to
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#1732771862248648-446: Is well documented for historical Islamic cities. In addition to social neighbourhoods, most ancient and historical cities also had administrative districts used by officials for taxation, record-keeping, and social control. Administrative districts are typically larger than neighbourhoods and their boundaries may cut across neighbourhood divisions. In some cases, however, administrative districts coincided with neighbourhoods, leading to
702-517: The Los Angeles Herald announced that the ensuing St. James Park neighborhood would have a stone entrance to "rival the Arc de Triomphe " and would be eventually be surrounded by "the most costly residences yet erected on this coast". The parkland was named and donated to the city by George King and his wife in commemoration of their many trips to London. The gated community of Chester Place
756-801: The Children's Hospital Los Angeles in 1910. In 1911, they designed the A. C. McKevett House in Santa Paula, California . The same year, they designed the E. S. Hall House in Ojai, California . In 1913, they designed the Vermont Square Branch of the Los Angeles Public Library located at 1201 West 48th Street, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . From 1910 to 1914, they designed
810-570: The Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Company opened. The building is a late-period Moderne structure designed by architect Paul Williams . It was once described as "the finest building to be erected and owned by African-Americans in the nation" Starting in 1961, construction of the ten-lane Santa Monica Freeway ( Interstate 10 ) tore through West Adams' core, with the freeway routed east to west just north of Adams Boulevard. Its construction resulted in
864-944: The Southwest Museum of the American Indian in Los Angeles. In 1914, they designed the Henry C. House in Oak Knoll, Pasadena, California . In 1919, they designed the Wilshire Country Club located at 301 North Rossmore Avenue in Los Angeles in 1919, but it was demolished and replaced in 1970. They designed the Ebell Club of Pomona, California , in 1924. They also designed the Ebell of Los Angeles located at 4400 Wilshire Boulevard in 1927, which
918-430: The Times defined West Adams with a slightly smaller boundary: Vermont Avenue on the east, Crenshaw Boulevard on the west, Venice Boulevard on the north, and Jefferson Boulevard on the south.) The book Images of America - West Adams by Don Lynch , Suzanne Tarbell Cooper, and John Kurtz states that West Adams stretches "roughly from Figueroa Street on the east to West Boulevard on the west, and from Pico Boulevard on
972-430: The Times stated that "after a recent wave of Latino immigration", young professionals were purchasing homes in the neighborhoods west of USC , including the "stately Victorian and Craftsman mansions of West Adams" and the "smaller Craftsman bungalows" of Jefferson Park . According to Mapping L.A. , Mexican (29.2%) and Salvadoran (5.7%) were the most common ancestries in 2000. Mexico (37.4%) and El Salvador (25.1%) were
1026-776: The University of Southern California . In 1908, they designed the Hope Ranch Country Club in Hope Ranch, California . The same year, they designed a mansion at the corner of Wilshire Boulevard and South Westmoreland Avenue, opposite the Bullocks Wilshire building. A year later, in 1909, they designed a Tudor Revival mansion for Arthur S. Bent (1863–1939), a building contractor, in Pasadena, California. Together with Sumner Hunt, he designed
1080-526: The William Andrews Clark Memorial Library . West Adams was developed by railroad magnate Henry E. Huntington and wealthy industrialist Hulett C. Merritt of Pasadena . It was once the wealthiest neighborhood in the city, with its Victorian mansions and sturdy Craftsman bungalows, and a home to Downtown businessmen, as well as professors and academicians at the nearby University of Southern California . In 1887,
1134-648: The prohibition era , the Times reported that the vice squad raided a "luxurious fourteen rooom mansion in the exclusive West Adams district". The mansion, located at 2234 Adams Street, contained "the most extensive and elaborate moonshine production plant" they had seen in many months. In 1931, during the Great Depression , the recently organized West Adams Relief Committee provided work for twenty men for ninety days. Married men with families who lived in West Adams and were registered voters would be paid $ 2
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#17327718622481188-565: The 1900s, Clarence Perry described the idea of a neighbourhood unit as a self-contained residential area within a city. The concept is still influential in New Urbanism . Practitioners seek to revive traditional sociability in planned suburban housing based on a set of principles. At the same time, the neighbourhood is a site of interventions to create Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFCC) as many older adults tend to have narrower life space. Urban design studies thus use neighbourhood as
1242-663: The Los Angeles Police Department's Southwest Division. West Adams is served by multiple neighborhood councils . (in alphabetical order) Neighborhood A neighbourhood (Commonwealth English) or neighborhood (American English) is a geographically localized community within a larger city , town , suburb or rural area , sometimes consisting of a single street and the buildings lining it. Neighbourhoods are often social communities with considerable face-to-face interaction among members. Researchers have not agreed on an exact definition, but
1296-578: The Monarch Hotel was to be built in the "fashionable residence district" of West Adams. By 1916, the Los Angeles Times stated that the area was "already known for its private parks and handsome homes". At that time, improvements to the boulevard were being spearheaded by five prominent residents including Isidore B. Dockweiler , William May Garland and Edward L. Doheny . After convincing thirty-five other residents to help with funding,
1350-563: The UK wards are roughly equivalent to neighbourhoods or a combination of them. In the United States and Canada , neighbourhoods are often given official or semi-official status through neighbourhood associations , neighbourhood watches or block watches. These may regulate such matters as lawn care and fence height, and they may provide such services as block parties , neighbourhood parks and community security . In some other places
1404-518: The area all the time and they are surprised when they see beautiful homes, because it's not the perception of the neighborhood." That same year, an empty West Adams Hospital was transformed into a temporary art gallery. Beginning in 2000, the Eighth District Empowerment Congress began working on the "Naming Neighborhoods Project" to identify and name the communities with the neighborhood council area. Through research,
1458-505: The city to annex the "West Adams Extension District", but the city turned down the application. In 1985, West Adams was a predominantly "Black middle-class area with growing Latino and Korean segments, plus a mix of Hungarians, Poles, Japanese, USC students and an increasing young professional and gay population." In 2007, it was noted that African-American gays were "eschewing the overpriced and completely gentrified territory of West Hollywood" and were instead moving to West Adams. In 2014,
1512-464: The city", which was designed by Thornton Fitzhue and was to be built on the southern side of St. James Park. . Landowner John R. Powers completed another apartment building in St. James Place in 1909, with an entrance also on Scarff Street. Designed by George W. Wryman, it was divided into four apartments of seven rooms each; the venture represented an investment of $ 35,000. In 1913, the Times announced that
1566-581: The city’s first black-owned hospital. According to the LA Weekly , "In the 1970s and '80s it was a thriving, vital part of the West Adams community." In 2000, the Alpha Gamma Omega sorority house, a Craftsman structure built in 1911 and located in West Adams, received a Preserve L.A. grant from the Getty Trust. In 2004, homes were demolished and lots were cleared in West Adams for what
1620-435: The early 2000s, Community Development Corporations, Rehabilitation Networks, Neighbourhood Development Corporations, and Economic Development organisations would work together to address the housing stock and the infrastructures of communities and neighbourhoods (e.g., community centres). Community and Economic Development may be understood in different ways, and may involve "faith-based" groups and congregations in cities. In
1674-545: The east, Jefferson Boulevard on the south and the Santa Monica Freeway on the north. Additionally, the area is marked with large concrete "gateway markers" at Western and Adams and Vermont and Adams. According to the Los Angeles Times, West Adams is bounded by Figueroa Street on the east, West Boulevard on the west, Pico Boulevard on the north and Jefferson Boulevard on the south. (Previously,
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1728-519: The equivalent organization is the parish , though a parish may have several neighbourhoods within it depending on the area. In localities where neighbourhoods do not have an official status, questions can arise as to where one neighbourhood begins and another ends. Many cities use districts and wards as official divisions of the city, rather than traditional neighbourhood boundaries. ZIP Code boundaries and post office names also sometimes reflect neighbourhood identities. Silas Reese Burns He
1782-408: The following may serve as a starting point: "Neighbourhood is generally defined spatially as a specific geographic area and functionally as a set of social networks. Neighbourhoods, then, are the spatial units in which face-to-face social interactions occur—the personal settings and situations where residents seek to realise common values, socialise youth, and maintain effective social control." In
1836-471: The full rights guaranteed them under the 14th Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Judges have been avoiding the real issue too long." McDaniel’s case would go on to set a precedent that later impacted the 1948 Shelley v. Kramer Supreme Court Ruling which in summary states that “holding that state courts may not enforce racially restrictive covenants.” In 1949, the headquarters building of
1890-769: The headquarters of the Automobile Club of Southern California located at 2601 South Figueroa Street from 1921 to 1923. His office was located in the Homer Laughlin Building at 317 South Broadway in Downtown Los Angeles . He married Laura Beall of Troy, Ohio , in 1881. Laura died in 1884. He married Louise Devereux in 1891. They resided in Alhambra, California , and he retired in San Gabriel, California in 1930, where he
1944-651: The homes, and the preservation momentum in the area". The magazine noted that West Adams was "once home to Los Angeles’s wealthiest 19th-century bankers" and that the neighborhood was best for movie buffs and city life. In 2011, the Times reported on neighbors pushing back against crime and wrote: "The neighborhood around them at Western Avenue and Adams Boulevard might be blighted, but they are not about to cede to urban ills their graceful streets of century-old bungalows, well-tended lawns and curbside jacarandas and towering palms." In 2016, then-rep.(D-Los Angeles) and now Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass , said "I tour people through
1998-479: The installation of four "gateway markers" at the corners of Adams Boulevard and Western Avenue and Adams Boulevard and Vermont Avenue. Additionally, 58 magnolia trees were planted along Adams Boulevard between Western and Vermont Avenues, along with additional trees clustered near the gateway markers. In 2010, This Old House magazine named West Adams as "one of the country’s best neighborhoods for old houses". Criteria included "architectural diversity, craftsmanship of
2052-502: The most common foreign places of birth. The schools within the West Adams neighborhood include: The Metro E Line from Downtown Los Angeles to Santa Monica include stations in West Adams: Vermont/Expo and Expo/Western . West Adams has one fire station in the neighborhood. The Los Angeles Fire Department operates Station 26, located at 2009 S. Western Avenue. Police services in West Adams are provided by
2106-488: The most popular drives in Los Angeles". In 1921, the Automobile Club announced that it would build a new headquarters at Figueroa and Adams. Architects Sumner Hunt and S.R. Burns designed a building of "attractive Spanish design" that would be a "distinctive structure for the West Adams district". In 1925, silent screen star Ramon Novarro purchased a home in "the exclusive West Adams district" for $ 12,000 and spent an additional $ 100,000 on renovations. In 1927, during
2160-431: The neighbourhood as a small-scale democracy , regulated primarily by ideas of reciprocity among neighbours. Neighbourhoods have been the site of service delivery or "service interventions" in part as efforts to provide local, quality services, and to increase the degree of local control and ownership. Alfred Kahn, as early as the mid-1970s, described the "experience, theory and fads" of neighbourhood service delivery over
2214-443: The north to Jefferson Boulevard on the south." More than 70 sites in West Adams have received recognition as a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument , a California Historical Landmark , or listing on the National Register of Historic Places. In recognition of their outstanding architectural heritage, there are several Historic Preservation Overlay Zones within West Adams, including: (listed in alphabetical order) West Adams
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2268-471: The old street paving between Figueroa and Hoover streets was replaced with an asphalt surface. Adams Boulevard was now 65 feet wide with a series of center islands planted with flowers, shrubs and mature palms. Six-cluster electroliers, which were duplicates of those that lined Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, were installed on both sides of Adams Street. Adams Boulevard was now a "magnificent concourse" and "one of
2322-568: The only existing Greene and Greene house left in the city of Los Angeles. West of West Adams, communities sought to capitalize on their proximity to the "magnificent West Adams district" However, unlike the mansions and large homes east of Crenshaw Boulevard, the homes built in this area were bungalows. They were advertised to people of "moderate means" and were priced to sell for "ten to twenty times" less than homes in West Adams. In 1911, Carlin Geer Smith, who developed DuRay Place, petitioned
2376-613: The presence of social neighbourhoods. Historical documents shed light on neighbourhood life in numerous historical preindustrial or nonwestern cities. Neighbourhoods are typically generated by social interaction among people living near one another. In this sense they are local social units larger than households not directly under the control of city or state officials. In some preindustrial urban traditions, basic municipal functions such as protection, social regulation of births and marriages, cleaning and upkeep are handled informally by neighbourhoods and not by urban governments; this pattern
2430-571: The prior decade, including discussion of income transfers and poverty. Neighbourhoods, as a core aspect of community, also are the site of services for youth, including children with disabilities and coordinated approaches to low-income populations. While the term neighbourhood organisation is not as common in 2015, these organisations often are non-profit, sometimes grassroots or even core funded community development centres or branches. Community and economic development activists have pressured for reinvestment in local communities and neighbourhoods. In
2484-528: The taking (by eminent domain) and demolition of numerous West Adams homes, including a number of mansions owned by African Americans. The construction resulted in substantial displacement of West Adams residents, including the relocation of much of the area's affluent Black families. As the Los Angeles Sentinel reported: The road could have been built without cutting through the so-called Sugar Hill section. However, in order to miss Sugar Hill, it
2538-474: The white residents filed a lawsuit against 31 Black residents—including Hattie McDaniel. McDaniel held workshops to strategize for the case and gathered around 250 sympathizers to accompany her to court. Judge Thurmond Clarke left the courtroom to see the disputed neighborhood and threw out the case the following day. He said, "It is time that members of the Negro race are accorded, without reservations or evasions,
2592-426: The words of the urban scholar Lewis Mumford , "Neighborhoods, in some annoying, inchoate fashion exist wherever human beings congregate, in permanent family dwellings; and many of the functions of the city tend to be distributed naturally—that is, without any theoretical preoccupation or political direction—into neighborhoods." Most of the earliest cities around the world as excavated by archaeologists have evidence for
2646-547: Was "said" that the route would have to cut through fraternity and sorority row area around USC. Sorority and fraternity row still stands and Sugar Hill doesn't, so you know who won out! As in many other American cities during the heyday of Interstate Highway Act construction, interstate highway rights of way were disproportionately routed through predominantly African American communities, causing substantial displacement of residents and steep declines in neighborhood viability. In 1971, Los Angeles Metropolitan Medical Center opened as
2700-789: Was born on April 8, 1855, in Morgantown , Virginia . He became a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1882. He graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts , in 1875. Together with Myron Hunt (1868–1952), John B. Parkinson (1861–1935), and Sumner Hunt (1865–1938), he designed the Hotel Maryland in Pasadena, California in 1903–1904, which
2754-597: Was destroyed by a fire in 1914. Alongside George Wyman (1860–1939), he designed the Old Soldiers' Home in Sawtelle, Los Angeles . Together with Sumner Hunt and Abraham Wesley Eager (1864–1930), he designed the private residence of William G. Kerckhoff located at 1325 West Adams Boulevard, Exposition Park , Los Angeles in 1908 and 1909. It is now home to the Annenberg Center for Communication at
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#17327718622482808-620: Was developed in 1889 On October 24, 1901, Edward L. Doheny purchased number 8 Chester Place for $ 120,000 cash. In 1890, St. Margaret's School for Girls moved from Pasadena to West Adams. On October 1, 1890, the school opened at the corner of 23rd and Scarff Streets. Occupying the empty Marlborough Hotel, the school adopted the name of its new location and was renamed the Marlborough School for Girls . It remained in West Adams for 26 years before relocating to Hancock Park in 1916. In 1906, numerous West Adams residents experienced
2862-482: Was the role of rural to urban migration. This was a continual process in preindustrial cities, and migrants tended to move in with relatives and acquaintances from their rural past. Neighbourhood sociology is a subfield of urban sociology which studies local communities Neighbourhoods are also used in research studies from postal codes and health disparities , to correlations with school drop out rates or use of drugs. Some attention has also been devoted to viewing
2916-471: Was then referred to as "Central High School No. 2". The Times reported that "a century-old neighborhood of houses and businesses" were demolished to make room for a new $ 130 million 15-acre high school. West Adams Preparatory High School opened in the fall semester of 2007 with a final budget of $ 176 million. In 2007, the city approved the "West Adams Streetscape Enhancement Program" proposed by LANI (Los Angeles Neighborhood Initiative). Improvements included
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