113-758: The West Chelsea Historic District is a portion of the neighborhood of Chelsea in Manhattan , New York City. It was designated as the city's 92nd historic district in July 2008 by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission . It encompasses a portion of the streets between 25th and 28th Streets between Tenth Avenue and the West Side Highway and was designated as such for its architectural and manufacturing heritage. Approximately 30 structures within
226-415: A Barriada or a Caserío (and more recently a Residencial Publico ), where all exterior grounds are shared areas. Increasingly, however, public housing developments are being built that consist of other than the traditional multi-family dwellings with all exterior grounds consisting of shared outside area, for example, public housing may consist of single family garden apartments units. Finally,
339-482: A riot between Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants on July 12, 1871 , which took place around 24th Street and Eighth Avenue. The social problems of the area's workers provoked John Lovejoy Elliot to form the Hudson Guild in 1897, one of the first settlement houses – private organizations designed to provide social services. A theater district had formed in the area by 1869, and soon West 23rd Street
452-470: A sound stage on 26th Street, has been operating since 1914, and numerous movies and television shows have been produced there. The Church of the Holy Apostles was built in 1845–1848 to a design by Minard Lefever , with additions by Lefever in 1853–1854, and transepts by Charles Babcock added in 1858, this Italianate church was designated a New York City landmark in 1966 and is listed on
565-523: A 750,000 sq ft (70,000 m ) retail center with two levels of restaurants, cafes, markets and bars, a hotel, a cultural space, about 5,000 residences, a 750-seat school, and 14 acres (5.7 ha) of public open space. The development, located mainly above and around the West Side Yard , will create a new neighborhood that overlaps with Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen. Hotel Chelsea , built 1883–1885 and designed by Hubert, Pirsson & Co.,
678-468: A center for cutting-edge theatrical and visual arts. Above 23rd Street, by the Hudson River , the neighborhood is post-industrial, featuring the elevated High Line viaduct, which follows the river all through Chelsea. The elevated rail line was the successor to the street-level freight line original built through Chelsea in 1847, which was the cause of numerous fatal accidents, so it was elevated in
791-538: A combination thereof. The details, terminology, definitions of poverty , and other criteria for allocation may vary within different contexts, but the right to rent such a home is generally rationed through some form of means-testing or through administrative measures of housing needs. One can regard social housing as a potential remedy for housing inequality . Within the OECD , social housing represents an average of 7% of national housing stock (2020), ranging from ~34% in
904-568: A condominium is a housing unit located in a high-rise building. It is popularly called an apartamento (English: 'apartment'), whether or not its resident owns the unit or lives in it as a renter.) Public housing, on the other hand, are housing units built with government funding, primarily through programs of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). These have traditionally been multi-family dwellings in housing complexes called
1017-467: A home that is located in neither an urbanizacion nor of a public housing development is said to be located in (and to be a part of) a barrio . In Puerto Rico, a barrio also has a second and very different meaning official meaning: the geographical area into which a municipios is divided for official administrative purposes. In this sense, urbanizaciones as well as public housing developments (as well as one or several barrios in
1130-616: A huge full-block freight terminal and warehouse on West 26th Street between Eleventh and Twelfth Avenues, was built in 1930–1931 as a joint venture of the Starett real estate firm and the Lehigh Valley Railroad . Designed by Cory & Cory to enable trains to pull into the ground floor of the building, it was one of only a few American buildings included in the Museum of Modern Art 's 1932 " International Style " exhibition. It
1243-466: A lamp fuel. In addition, the huge Manhattan Gas Works complex, which converted bituminous coal into gas , was located at Ninth Avenue and 18th Street. The industrialization of western Chelsea brought immigrant populations from many countries to work in the factories, including a large number of Irish immigrants, who dominated work on the Hudson River piers that lined the nearby waterfront and
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#17327880647411356-529: A move toward the integration of public housing with market housing and other uses. Revitalization plans for properties such as in the notorious Downtown Eastside of Vancouver , Regent Park , in Toronto, and Rochester Heights in Ottawa , aim to provide better accommodations for low-income residents, and connect them to the greater community. The aim of the reconstruction plans are often to better integrate it into
1469-641: A new impetus, when the poor physical health and condition of many urban recruits to the British Army was noted with alarm. In 1916, 41% of conscripts were unfit to serve. This led to a campaign known as Homes fit for heroes and in 1919 the Government first compelled councils to provide housing, helping them to do so through the provision of subsidies , under the Housing Act 1919 . Public housing projects were tried out in some European countries and
1582-607: A population density of 82.4/acre (52,700/sq mi; 20,400/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 65.1% (45,661) White , 5.7% (4,017) African American , 0.1% (93) Native American , 11.8% (8,267) Asian , 0% (21) Pacific Islander , 0.4% (261) from other races , and 2.3% (1,587) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.6% (10,243) of the population. The entirety of Community District 4, which comprises Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen, had 122,119 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 83.1 years. This
1695-475: A restored historic Nabisco factory and headquarters, is a festival marketplace that hosts a variety of shopping and dining options, including bakeries, restaurants, a fish market, wine store, and many others. Peter McManus Cafe , a bar and restaurant on Seventh Avenue at 19th Street, is among the oldest family-owned and -operated bars in the city. The Empire Diner was an art moderne diner at 210 Tenth Avenue at 22nd Street that appeared in several movies and
1808-714: A swimming pool, solarium , gymnasium, and doormen dressed as London bobbies. It was designed by Farrar and Watmough. It takes its name from the fashionable mid-19th century cottages that were once located there. Penn South is a large limited-equity housing cooperative constructed in 1962 by the United Housing Foundation and financed by the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union . The development includes 2,820 apartments and covers six city blocks between 8th and 9th Avenue and 23rd and 29th Street . In 2012, there were 6,000 names on
1921-634: A system that has fallen into disfavour in both the United States and the United Kingdom. However, many public housing corporations still offer a variety of buildings and communities ranging from individual houses to townhouse communities and mid-rise and high-rise apartments in both working-class and middle-class neighborhoods that house a significant number of low-income Canadians. Following the decentralisation of public housing to local municipalities, Social Housing Services Corporation (SHSC)
2034-500: A very low price. The size and the type of room the households received were dependent on their job title or administrative level. The central government found it difficult to upkeep the public housing due to the low rent it received; the distribution policy that was intended to be " equalitarianism " was actually corrupt. The Chinese government commercialized the housing market after the economic reform started in 1978 by Deng Xiaoping . The public houses that were constructed before that
2147-492: A voucher, accepted by some landlords. This policy option represented a turn away from the public-sector policy of public housing, instead turning towards the private market to address housing needs. The program, in conjunction with HOPE VI, was intended to create income-integrated communities, by giving residents the choice of where to move . However, the housing voucher program has historically had long wait times and limited choice on where one can actually move . Additionally, it
2260-610: A waiting list of prospective residents looking to purchase a unit in the development. Under the terms of agreements reached with the City of New York in 1986 and 2002, and separately with the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development , Penn South's eligibility for tax abatements offered by the Mitchell-Lama Housing Program has been extended to 2052. The Chelsea Piers were
2373-536: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Chelsea, Manhattan Chelsea is a neighborhood on the West Side of the borough of Manhattan in New York City . The area's boundaries are roughly 14th Street to the south, the Hudson River and West Street to the west, and Sixth Avenue to the east, with its northern boundary variously described as near the upper 20s or 34th Street ,
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#17327880647412486-468: Is also the location of several restaurants and event venues that relate to the themes and stories told in the hotel, such as 'Speakeasy Magick', featuring Todd Robbins, Jason Suran, and Matthew Holtzclaw. New York Live Arts is a dance organization located at 219 West 19th Street between 7th and 8th Avenues. The Rubin Museum of Art is a museum dedicated to the collection, display, and preservation of
2599-472: Is famous for having a large LGBTQ population , with one of Chelsea's census tracts reporting that 22% of its residents were gay couples, and is known for its social diversity and inclusion. Eighth Avenue is a center for LGBT-oriented shopping and dining, and from 16th to 22nd Streets between Ninth and Tenth Avenues, mid-nineteenth-century brick and brownstone townhouses are still occupied, a few even restored to single family use. The stores of Chelsea reflect
2712-860: Is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are adults: a plurality (45%) are between the ages of 25–44, while 26% are between 45 and 64, and 13% are 65 or older. The ratio of youth and college-aged residents was lower, at 9% and 8% respectively. As of 2017, the median household income in Community Districts 4 and 5 was $ 101,981. In 2018, an estimated 11% of Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen residents lived in poverty, compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. One in twenty residents (5%) were unemployed, compared to 7% in Manhattan and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or
2825-628: Is in a 1941 movie house that closed in 1978. The Elgin was completely renovated to create in the Joyce a venue suitable for dance, and was reopened in 1982. The Kitchen is a performance space at 512 West 19th Street. It was founded in Greenwich Village in 1971 by Steina and Woody Vasulka , taking its name from the original location, the kitchen of the Mercer Arts Center . The warehouse building at 530 West 27th Street, which
2938-441: Is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 313 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole. The 10th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 74.8% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 1 murder, 19 rapes, 81 robberies, 103 felony assaults, 78 burglaries, 744 grand larcenies, and 26 grand larcenies auto in 2018. Chelsea
3051-920: Is one of the major housing policies of the government. Nearly half of Hong Kong's 7.5 million population lives in public housing. The two main public housing providers are the Housing Authority and the Housing Society . The most common types of public housing in Hong Kong are public rental housing (PRH) and subsidised sale flats produced under the Home Ownership Scheme (HOS). In 2016, approximately 31 per cent of Hong Kong households lived in PRH flats while 15 per cent resided in subsidised sale flats (of all types). The origin of large-scale public housing in Hong Kong can be traced to
3164-410: Is primarily residential, with a mix of tenements , apartment blocks, two city housing projects , townhouses , and renovated rowhouses , but its many retail businesses reflect the ethnic and social diversity of the population. The area has a large LGBTQ population. Chelsea is also known as one of the centers of the city's art world , with over 200 galleries in the neighborhood. As of 2015, due to
3277-632: Is served by two fire stations of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY). Engine Company 1/Ladder Company 24 is located at 142 West 31st Street, while Engine Company 3/Ladder Company 12/Battalion 7 is located at 146 West 19th Street. In addition, FDNY EMS Station 7 is located at 512 West 23rd Street. Housing project Public housing , also known as social housing , refers to affordable housing provided in buildings that are usually owned and managed by local government , central government , nonprofit organizations or
3390-818: Is the 16th-century Fuggerei in Augsburg , Bavaria . The origins of modern municipal housing lie in the dramatic urban population increase caused by the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century. In the large cities of the period, many social commentators, such as Octavia Hill and Charles Booth reported on the squalor, sickness and immorality that arose. Henry Mayhew , visiting Bethnal Green , wrote in The Morning Chronicle : ... roads were unmade, often mere alleys, houses small and without foundations, subdivided and often around unpaved courts. An almost total lack of drainage and sewerage
3503-635: Is the second and larger home of the LGBTQ -oriented synagogue, Congregation Beth Simchat Torah. The General Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Church 's college-like close is sometimes called "Chelsea Square". It consists of a city block of tree-shaded lawns between Ninth and Tenth Avenues and West 20th and 21st Streets. The campus is ringed by more than a dozen brick and brownstone buildings in Gothic Revival style. The oldest building on
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3616-676: The Centro Urbano (or Multifamiliar ) Presidente Alemán (1947–50) in the Colonia del Valle and the Centro Urbano (or Multifamiliar ) Benito Juárez (1951–52) in the Colonia Roma , introduced formal ideas from Le Corbusier 's Ville Radieuse into the urban fabric. His later project, the Conjunto Urbano Tlatelolco Nonoalco built in 1960–65, was meant to develop one of
3729-628: The Federal Highway Program , demolished the older, substandard housing of communities of color across the United States. However, the advent of makeshift tent communities during the Great Depression caused concern in the Administration. The Federal public housing program was created by the 1937 Act, in which operations were "sustained primarily by tenant rents." As a result, public housing in its earliest decades
3842-564: The General Theological Seminary , which built its brownstone Gothic, tree-shaded campus south of the manor house. Despite his objections to the Commissioner's Plan of 1811 , which ran the new Ninth Avenue through the middle of his estate, Moore began the development of Chelsea with the help of James N. Wells , dividing it up into lots along Ninth Avenue and selling them to well-heeled New Yorkers. Covenants in
3955-598: The International Ladies Garment Workers' Union , and the New York City Housing Authority -built and -operated Fulton Houses and Chelsea-Elliot Houses . The 23-story Art Deco Walker Building, which spans the block between 17th and 18th Streets just off of Seventh Avenue , was built in the early 1930s. That structure was converted in 2012 to residential apartments on the top 16 floors, with Verizon retaining
4068-786: The Multifamiliar Benito Juárez has been demolished. Mexico has had experience with housing projects since Porfirio Díaz 's regime (1877–1880, 1884–1911). One of those still remains and is the Barrio of Loreto in San Ángel , Álvaro Obregón in Mexico City, that was a project for a paper factory workers. Another notable public housing project is the Conjunto Habitacional Independencia, located near Tizapán neighborhood, on most of
4181-526: The National Register of Historic Places . It is Lefever's only surviving building in Manhattan. The building, which featured an octagonal spire, was burned in a serious fire in 1990, but stained glass windows by William Jay Bolton survived, and the church reopened in April 1994 after a major restoration. The Episcopal parish is notable for hosting the city's largest program to feed the poor, and
4294-659: The resettlement programme launched by the Hong Kong government in the 1950s in response to the increasing prevalence of squatter settlements, which emerged as a result of a great influx of refugees following the Communist revolution in China . The squatter villages were considered unsafe as they were susceptible to disastrous fires, including a 1953 blaze in Shek Kip Mei that rendered over 50,000 people homeless overnight. Large-scale resettlement estates were built throughout
4407-617: The 'one-for-one' rule would make building new housing extremely difficult . The long-term effect of this was that more housing was demolished than built, and many people were displaced without being guaranteed a spot in the new housing that would get built. This led to the widespread displacement and reshuffling of public house residents: namely, low-income, Black, single-parent families . Narratives that public housing projects were full of crime, drugs, and poverty were used to further justify demolition and destruction of public housing. Such associations between crime, surveillance and policing, and
4520-500: The 1950s and 1960s. In 1973, the government of Sir Murray MacLehose launched the Ten-Year Housing Programme, which aimed to provide the entire population with "satisfactory housing" within a decade. The government also launched the Home Ownership Scheme (HOS) in 1976 to enable lower-income households to purchase flats. Many public housing estates were built as part of new town development programmes . During
4633-551: The 1960s and 1970s, as industries started to relocate from Manhattan. In subsequent years, the area's redevelopment was concentrated around West Chelsea, and some of the old industrial structures were converted to nightclubs. These included Les Mouches (housed in a former Otis Elevator Company factory) and the Tunnel (housed in the Central Stores building on 11th Avenue). Many LGBTQ people started moving to Chelsea in
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4746-426: The 1978 slaying of Nancy Spungen for which Sid Vicious was accused. The hotel has been the home of numerous celebrities, including Brendan Behan , Thomas Wolfe , Mark Twain , Tennessee Williams and Virgil Thomson , and the subject of books, films ( Chelsea Girls , 1966) and music. The London Terrace apartment complex on West 23rd was one of the world's largest apartment blocks when it opened in 1930, with
4859-463: The 1993 HOPE VI project's response was demolition . The federal Housing and Urban Development (HUD) department's 1993 HOPE VI program addressed concerns of distressed properties and blighted superblocks with revitalization and funding projects for the renewal of public housing to decrease its density and allow for tenants with mixed income levels. The project paired together the demolition of public housing stock and private development, leading to
4972-505: The Brooke Amendment. Rents now became set at 25% of a tenant's income with the result that the program began serving the "poorest tenants." Other attempts to solve these problems include the 1974 Section 8 Housing Program, which encourages the private sector to construct affordable homes, and subsidized public housing. This assistance can be "project-based", subsidizing properties, or "tenant-based", which provides tenants with
5085-557: The Chelsea-Elliot Houses, between 25th Street, Ninth Avenue, 28th Street, and Tenth Avenue; and Fulton Houses, between 16th Street, Ninth Avenue, 19th Street, and Tenth Avenue – the average income was less than $ 30,000. At the same time, the area's Puerto Rican enclaves and rent-subsidized housing, especially in Penn South , was being replaced by high-rent studios. This resulted in large income disparities across
5198-602: The Clinton era established, through HUD, the Public Housing Drug Elimination Program, which led to the cracking down of public housing, leading to more policing and surveillance for low-income people of color . In the 60s and 70s, the popularization of neoliberalism caused a turn away from public sector solutions towards private or public-private solutions. This, in conjunction with the narrative of public housing being obsolete, led to both
5311-526: The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to rent units to families with low incomes. Affordable housing goals can also be achieved through subsidies. Subsidized housing is owned and operated by private owners who receive subsidies in exchange for providing affordable housing. Owners may be individual landlords or for-profit or nonprofit corporations. Social housing had existed sporadically prior to modern developments. The oldest still in use
5424-576: The Netherlands to less than 1% in Colombia. In the United States, public housing developments are classified as housing projects that are owned by a housing authority or a low-income (project-based voucher) property. PBV are a component of a public housing agency. PBVs, administered by state and local housing agencies, are distinct from Section 8 Project-Based Rental Assistance (PBRA), a program through which property owners' contract directly with
5537-409: The New York City government classifies Chelsea as part of a larger neighborhood tabulation area called Hudson Yards-Chelsea-Flat Iron-Union Square. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Hudson Yards-Chelsea-Flat Iron-Union Square was 70,150, a change of 14,311 (20.4%) from the 55,839 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 851.67 acres (344.66 ha), the neighborhood had
5650-755: The United States in the 1930s, but only became widespread globally after the Second World War . South African apartheid featured high poverty rates in Black South Africans due to racial segregation and discrimination, so the post-apartheid government has sought to build social housing for poor black households, in urban areas with economic opportunity. The Reconstruction and Development and Breaking New Ground programs have provided over 3.5 million houses from 1995 to 2020, but they did not fully meet demand, and were built away from inner urban areas, exacerbating racial divides. The housing shortage
5763-500: The area's gentrification , there is a widening income gap between the wealthy living in luxury buildings and some people living in the two housing projects ,. Chelsea is a part of Manhattan Community District 4 and Manhattan Community District 5 , and its primary ZIP Codes are 10001 and 10011. It is patrolled by the 10th Precinct of the New York City Police Department . Chelsea takes its name from
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#17327880647415876-600: The art galleries, Chelsea is home to the Rubin Museum of Art , with a focus on Himalayan art; the Graffiti Research Lab and New York Live Arts , a producing and presenting organization of dance and other movement-based arts. The community, in fact, is home to many highly regarded performance venues, among them the Joyce Theater , one of the city's premier modern dance emporiums, and The Kitchen ,
5989-701: The art of the Himalayas and surrounding regions, especially that of Tibet. It is located at 150 West 17th Street between the Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue) and Seventh Avenue. Google 's New York office occupies 111 Eighth Avenue , which takes up the full city block between 15th and 16th Streets and between Eighth and Ninth Avenues. The building was once Inland Terminal 1 of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey . The Starrett-Lehigh Building ,
6102-580: The auspices of the Mutual Ownership Defense Housing Division of the Federal Works Agency under the direction of Colonel Lawrence Westbrook . These eight projects were purchased by the residents after the Second World War and as of 2009 seven of the projects continue to operate as mutual housing corporations owned by their residents. These projects are among the very few definitive success stories in
6215-578: The campus dates from 1836. Most of the rest were designed as a group by architect Charles Coolidge Haight , under the guidance of the Dean, Augustus Hoffman. Chelsea is patrolled by the 10th Precinct of the NYPD , located at 230 West 20th Street. The 10th Precinct ranked 61st safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. As of 2018 , with a non-fatal assault rate of 34 per 100,000 people, Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen's rate of violent crimes per capita
6328-477: The city's primary luxury ocean liner terminal from 1910 until 1935, when the growing size of ships made the complex inadequate. The RMS Titanic was headed to Pier 60 at the piers and the RMS Carpathia brought survivors to Pier 54 in the complex, which was destroyed in 2018 although ironwork remains. The northern piers are now part of an entertainment and sports complex operated by Roland W. Betts , and
6441-477: The deeds of sale specified what could be built on the land – stables, manufacturing and commercial uses were forbidden – as well as architectural details of the buildings. In 1829, Moore leased one of the lots to Hugh Walker who constructed what is now the oldest standing house in Chelsea , completed in 1830. The new neighborhood thrived for three decades, with many single family homes and rowhouses, in
6554-431: The displacement of many residents. One of the biggest components of this was the repealing of the "one-for-one" replacement rule, which said that for every unit of housing destroyed a new one must be built . HOPE VI's reasoning for repealing this policy was that it was hindering the construction of new, mixed-income units: since the public housing buildings were so massive, those behind HOPE VI believed that trying to match
6667-761: The district date from between 1885 and 1930 including the London Terrace Gardens, the Otis Elevator Building and the Terminal Stores building. Some of the galleries in the Chelsea Arts District are housed in the District's historic buildings. 40°45′04″N 74°00′19″W / 40.7512°N 74.0053°W / 40.7512; -74.0053 This article about a location in Manhattan , New York
6780-519: The early 1930s by the New York Central Railroad . It fell out of use in the 1960s through 1980 and was originally slated to be torn down, but in the early 2000s, it was redesigned and converted into a highly used aerial greenway and rails-to-trails park. With a change in zoning resolution in conjunction with the development of the High Line, Chelsea experienced a new construction boom, with projects by notable architects such as Shigeru Ban , Neil Denari , Jean Nouvel , and Frank Gehry . The neighborhood
6893-538: The economic reforms were categorized as "Old Public Houses" ( Chinese : 老公房 ). "Old Public Houses" were, in principle, not supposed to be privately sold, but the household could sell it after purchasing the ownership of the building (not the property), and such transactions were subject to be review by local housing authorities and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission . However, an informal filing system and unclear policies resulted in problems of corruption and family dispute. The concept of
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#17327880647417006-446: The elevated West Side Freight Line and the West Side Elevated Highway were built in the 1930s, replacing a surface-level railroad and roadway. London Terrace was one of the world's largest apartment blocks when it opened in 1930, with a swimming pool, solarium , gymnasium, and doormen dressed as London bobbies. Other major housing complexes in the Chelsea area are Penn South , a 1962 cooperative housing development sponsored by
7119-416: The end of the Second World War, enriched by US investments and an oil boom , Mexico had its first demographic boom, in which the primary destination for rural immigrants was Mexico City . Mario Pani Darqui , a famous architect at time, was charged to build its first large-scale public housing project. Built for the Dirección de Pensiones Civiles y Retiro (the National Pensions office, today ISSSTE),
7232-462: The estate and Georgian-style house of retired British Major Thomas Clarke, who obtained the property when he bought the farm of Jacob Somerindyck on August 16, 1750. The land was bounded by what would become 21st and 24th Streets, from the Hudson River to Eighth Avenue. Clarke chose the name "Chelsea" after the Royal Hospital Chelsea in London. Clarke passed the estate on to his daughter, Charity, who, with her husband Benjamin Moore , added land on
7345-427: The ethnic and social diversity of the area's population. The Chelsea Lofts district – the former fur and flower district – is located roughly between Sixth and Seventh Avenues from 23rd to 30th streets. The McBurney YMCA on West 23rd Street, commemorated in the hit Village People song Y.M.C.A. , sold its home and relocated in 2002 to a new facility on 14th Street, the neighborhood's southern border. By
7458-527: The history of the US public housing effort. Public housing was only built with the blessing of the local government, and projects were almost never built on suburban greenfields , but through regeneration of older neighborhoods. The destruction of tenements and eviction of their low-income residents consistently created problems in nearby neighborhoods with "soft" real estate markets. Initiatives in housing policy were implemented in ways that perpetuated stigma against African Americans. Initially, public housing
7571-517: The houses and apartments were sold to the residents. Neighbourhoods in Puerto Rico are often divided into three types: barrio , urbanización (urbanisation) and residencial público (public housing). An urbanización is a type of housing where land is developed into lots, often by a private developer, and where single-family homes are built. More recently, non-single-family units, such as condominiums and townhouses are being built which also fall into this category. (In Puerto Rico,
7684-423: The housing deficit, Minha Casa Minha Vida sought to stimulate the economy by generating employment in the construction sector. According to the Brazilian Chamber of Construction Industry (CBIC), the program created millions of jobs, directly and indirectly, contributing to the country's economic growth during its initial phases. However, critics argue that the program's focus on mass production sometimes overlooked
7797-534: The importance of integrating new housing developments with adequate infrastructure, such as schools , healthcare facilities , and transportation networks , which are essential for fostering sustainable urban development. In Canada, public housing is usually a block of purpose-built subsidized housing operated by a government agency, often simply referred to as community housing, with easier-to-manage townhouses. Many cities in Canada still maintain large high-rise clustered developments in working-class neighborhoods,
7910-467: The land that once was the Matsumoto Hacienda. The project was developed during Adolfo López Mateos presidential period, started in 1959 and completed in 1960. The development included an integral design considering landscaping, and premises that could provide basic services to the residents: a clinic, a sports complex, theater, movie theater, a supermarket, a kindergarten, three elementary schools, among others. It functioned as public housing until 1982, when
8023-483: The late 1990s, New York's visual arts community began a gradual transition away from SoHo , due to increasing rents and competition from upscale retailers for the large and airy spaces that art galleries require, and the area of West Chelsea between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues and 16th and 28th Streets has become a new global centers of contemporary art, home to over 200 art galleries that are home to modern art from both upcoming and established artists. Along with
8136-422: The late 20th and early 21st centuries, Chelsea had become an alternative shopping destination, starring the likes of Barneys CO-OP — which replaced the much larger original Barneys flagship store — Comme des Garçons , Balenciaga boutiques, Alexander McQueen , Stella McCartney , and Christian Louboutin . Chelsea Market , on the ground floor of the former Nabisco Building, is a destination for food lovers. In
8249-526: The long list of applicants . The public-owned housing system was established when the Chinese Communist Party started a planned economy in the 1950s as part of its Great Leap Forward . The system was funded by the central government's budget and were administered and distributed by state-owned enterprises . The occupants of the public housing were usually the employees of the enterprises and their family, who were subject to pay rent at
8362-518: The low-cost rental housing can be traced to a 1998 policy statement, but did not truly take off until 2006 due to limited funding and administrative problems. The provision of more affordable housing is one of the key components of China's Twelfth Five-year Plan , which targets the construction of 36 million homes by 2015. That program's costs will be split between the private and public sector and are estimated at five trillion yuan by China International Capital Corporation . In Hong Kong, public housing
8475-747: The lower seven floors. In the early 1940s, tons of uranium for the Manhattan Project were stored in the Baker & Williams Warehouse at 513–519 West 20th Street. The uranium was removed and a decontamination project at the site was completed during the early 1990s. By the mid-20th century, the western part of Chelsea had various types of light manufacturing businesses. According to the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission , these ranged "from printing shops and box companies, to milk-bottling plants and electrical wire and cable manufacturers". The industrial character of West Chelsea declined in
8588-400: The mid-1980s, and upscale restaurants and stores began opening in the neighborhood around the same time. By then, the neighborhood also contained some of New York City's "cutting-edge theaters and performance spaces" according to The New York Times . By the late 1990s, West Chelsea had also begun to attract visual-arts galleries that had relocated from SoHo . On September 17, 2016, there
8701-483: The narrative that people living in public housing were " Welfare Queens ", or otherwise living in a state of abject poverty and terrible conditions . These demographic changes also decreased support for housing, leading to the government cutting funding for the program . Because of funding cuts and mismanagement by public housing authorities, public housing started to reflect modern associated characteristics of "soul-crushing" buildings or "humanitarian disasters"—to which
8814-544: The neighborhood; one block in particular – 25th Street between 9th and 10th Avenues – had the Elliot Houses on its north side and two million-dollar residences on its south side. The Chelsea neighborhood is served by two weekly newspapers: the Chelsea-Clinton News and Chelsea Now . West Chelsea refers to the western portion of Chelsea, previously known as Gasoline Alley, much of which
8927-696: The next major crosstown street to the north. To the northwest of Chelsea is the neighborhood of Hell's Kitchen , as well as Hudson Yards ; to the northeast are the Garment District and the remainder of Midtown South ; to the east are NoMad and the Flatiron District ; to the southwest is the Meatpacking District ; and to the south and southeast are the West Village and the remainder of Greenwich Village . Chelsea
9040-561: The next year by James Fisk and Jay Gould , who renamed it the Grand Opera House . Located on the corner of Eighth Avenue and 23rd Street, it survived until 1960 as an RKO movie theater. The Irish Repertory Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatrical company on West 22nd Street producing plays by Irish and Irish-American writers. The Joyce Theater , located in the former Elgin Theater at 175 Eighth Avenue, near 19th Street,
9153-399: The percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 41% in Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying . People of many different cultures live in Chelsea. Chelsea
9266-503: The poorest parts of the city, Santiago Tlatelolco , which was becoming a slum. Unfortunately, after a while, instead of giving the residences to the previous residents of Tlatelolco , corruption took place and most of the dwellings were handed to state employees. During the earthquake of 1985 , both the Benito Juárez and Nonoalco-Tlaltelolco complexes suffered major damage, with some buildings collapsing. Today most of
9379-431: The popular sense) may be located in one of these 901 official geographic areas. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, government involvement in housing for the poor was chiefly in the introduction of building standards . Atlanta, Georgia 's Techwood Homes , dedicated in 1935, was the nation's first public housing project. Most housing communities were developed from the 1930s onward and initial public housing
9492-554: The population. The project has been criticized for its placement and quality of the houses. Houses are built far from the city centre to reduce housing costs which consequently reduces access to the labor market ; a study of randomly selected houses of the MCMV project in Rio de Janeiro showed a reduced likelihood of being formally employed in job-seekers but income was not affected in those who were already employed. In addition to addressing
9605-650: The process expanding past the original boundaries of Clarke's estate, but an industrial zone also began to develop along the Hudson. In 1847 the Hudson River Railroad laid its freight tracks up a right-of-way between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues , separating Chelsea from the Hudson River waterfront. By the time of the Civil War , the area west of Ninth Avenue and below 20th Street was the location of numerous distilleries making turpentine and camphene ,
9718-617: The program, included within the government Growth Acceleration Program (PAC, Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento ) was announced in March 2010. This stage foresaw the construction of a further two million homes. All funds for Minha Casa Minha Vida properties were provided by the Brazilian public bank, Caixa Econômica Federal . The bank financed development and provided mortgages for qualifying families. As of September 2018 , 4.5 million homes were built and distributed to
9831-467: The projects increased in 1996. Projects continue to have a reputation for violence, drug use, and prostitution, especially in New Orleans , Washington, D.C. Chicago and Detroit , leading to the passage of a 1996 federal " one strike you're out " law, enabling the eviction of tenants convicted of crimes, especially drug-related, or merely as a result of being tried for some crimes. Specifically,
9944-480: The south of the estate, extending it to 19th Street. The house was the birthplace of their son, Clement Clarke Moore , who in turn inherited the property. Moore is generally credited with writing " A Visit From St. Nicholas " and was the author of the first Greek and Hebrew lexicons printed in the United States. In 1827, Moore gave the land of his apple orchard to the Episcopal Diocese of New York for
10057-500: The southern piers are part of Hudson River Park . The Hudson River Park, designed as a joint city/state park with non-traditional uses, runs along the Hudson River waterfront from 59th Street to the Battery and comprises most of the associated piers. Chelsea Park is located between 9th and 10th Avenues, and between 27th and 28th Streets. It contains baseball diamonds, basketball courts and six handball courts. Chelsea Studios ,
10170-508: The traditional grid of streets, improve leisure and cultural amenities. However, the residents of these communities often have had little effective input in the plans and have had mixed reactions to the construction. In 2014, Vancouver , long considered one of the least affordable cities in the world, changed the definition of social housing to mean rental housing in which a minimum of 30 percent of dwelling units are occupied by households that cannot pay market rents, due to lack of income. At
10283-472: The truck terminals integrated with the freight railroad spur. As well as the piers, warehouses and factories, the industrial area west of Tenth Avenue also included lumberyards and breweries, and tenements built to house the workers. With the immigrant population came the political domination of the neighborhood by the Tammany Hall machine , as well as festering ethnic tensions: around 67 people died in
10396-400: The turn away from public housing and towards subsidized housing solutions. Houses, apartments or other residential units are usually subsidized on a rent-geared-to-income (RGI) basis. Some communities have now embraced a mixed income, with both assisted and market rents, when allocating homes as they become available. A significant change in the program took place in 1969, with the passage of
10509-504: The western part of Chelsea by the late 19th century. The first of these was the Central Stores, constructed at 11th Avenue between 27th and 28th Streets in 1891. This was followed in 1900 by the Lehigh Valley Railroad 's terminal between 26th and 27th Streets, as well as the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 's terminal immediately to the south, completed in the early 1910s. Freight operations on Manhattan's far west side were improved when
10622-489: Was an explosion outside a building on 23rd Street, which injured 29 people; police located and removed a second, undetonated pressure cooker bomb on 27th Street. A suspect, Ahmad Khan Rahami , was captured two days later after a gunfight in Linden, New Jersey . By the late 2010s, the eastern part of Chelsea, which had once been largely industrial, had also attracted upscale residential development. For census purposes,
10735-426: Was New York's first cooperative apartment complex and was the tallest building in the city until 1902. After the theater district migrated uptown and the neighborhood became commercialized, the residential building folded and in 1905 it was turned into a hotel. The hotel attracted attention as the place where Dylan Thomas had been staying when he died in 1953 at St. Vincent's Hospital in Greenwich Village , and for
10848-456: Was an early center for the motion picture industry before World War I. Some of Mary Pickford 's first pictures were made on the top floors of an armory building at 221 West 26th Street , while other studios were located on 23rd and 21st Streets. To accommodate high freight and industrial demand, several railroads had built rail freight terminals on the Manhattan side of the Hudson River, and many freight terminals and warehouses were built in
10961-571: Was begun in 1890 by the Metropolitan Board of Works and completed by the then-recently formed London County Council in 1900. The success of this project spurred many local councils to embark on similar construction schemes in the early 20th century. The Arts and Crafts movement and Ebenezer Howard 's garden city ideas led to the leafy London County Council cottage estates such as firstly Totterdown Fields and later Wormholt and Old Oak . The First World War indirectly provided
11074-625: Was built in London to replace one of the capital's most notorious slums – the Old Nichol . Nearly 6,000 individuals were crammed into the packed streets, where one child in four died before his or her first birthday. Arthur Morrison wrote the influential A Child of the Jago , an account of the life of a child in the slum, which sparked a public outcry. Construction of the Boundary Estate
11187-463: Was created in the Province of Ontario in 2002 to provide group services for social housing providers (public housing, non-profit housing and co-operative housing ). It is a non-profit corporation which provides Ontario housing providers and service managers with bulk purchasing, insurance, investment and information services that add significant value to their operations. Recently, there has been
11300-694: Was designated a New York City landmark in 1966. The Hudson Yards rail-yard development is located at the northern edge of Chelsea, within the Hudson Yards neighborhood . The project's centerpiece is a mixed-use real estate development by Related Companies . According to its master plan, created by master planner Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates , Hudson Yards is expected to consist of 16 skyscrapers containing more than 1.27 × 10 ^ sq ft (118,000 m ) of new office, residential, and retail space. Among its components will be 6 × 10 ^ sq ft (560,000 m ) of commercial office space,
11413-540: Was estimated to be 3.7 million units in 2021. The Department of Human Settlements, which facilitates national housing development, has sought to transition from a housing-focused development model to a holistic view, including services. Minha Casa Minha Vida ("My House, My Life"), the Brazilian federal government's social housing program, was launched in March 2009 with a budget of R$ 36 billion (US$ 18 billion) to build one million homes. The second stage of
11526-404: Was found that many people of color did not want to move away from their families, communities, and systems of support, as well as experiencing stigma and difficulties with landlords, safety, or expenses . This leads to the program doing little to actually create a more racially-integrated city demographics, mostly reproducing inequality while simultaneously not having enough valid housing units for
11639-681: Was in 1885, after the report from a royal commission in England, that the state first took an interest. This led to the Housing of the Working Classes Act of 1885 , which empowered Local Government Boards to shut down unhealthy properties and encouraged them to improve the housing in their areas. The City of London Corporation built tenements in the Farringdon Road in 1865. The world's first large-scale housing project
11752-618: Was intended to be built widespread, and as such be mixed-income, but lobbyists who did not want to see public housing decrease their housing values blocked such housing from going up . These early NIMBY movements limited where public housing was concentrated: predominantly in low-income neighborhoods. With the introduction of suburbs and expansion of choices for the white working class, the demographics of public housing changed from more class and racially integrated to predominantly impoverished, single-parent, welfare, and people of color . This led to stigmatization of public housing, through pushing
11865-405: Was largely slum clearance, with the requirement insisted upon by private builders that for every unit of public housing constructed, a unit of private housing would be demolished. This also eased concerns of the establishment by eliminating or altering neighborhoods commonly considered a source of disease, and reflected progressive-era sanitation initiatives. Moreover, public housing, along with
11978-460: Was made worse by the ponds formed by the excavation of brickearth. Pigs and cows in back yards, noxious trades like boiling tripe, melting tallow, or preparing cat's meat, and slaughter houses, dustheaps, and "lakes of putrefying night soil " added to the filth. Some philanthropists began to provide housing in tenement blocks , and some factory owners built entire villages for their workers, such as Saltaire in 1853 and Port Sunlight in 1888. It
12091-587: Was mentioned in Billy Joel 's song "Great Wall of China". Designed by Fodero Dining Car Company , it was built in 1946 andwas altered in 1979 by Carl Laanes. The diner closed on May 15, 2010; reopened briefly as "The Highliner", and again re-opened under its original name in January 2014 before closing permanently in December 2015 due to failure to pay rent. Pike's Opera House was built in 1868, and bought
12204-654: Was named for an estate in the area, which in turn was named for the Royal Hospital Chelsea in London. Chelsea contains the Chelsea Historic District and its extension, which were designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1970 and 1981 respectively. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, and expanded in 1982 to include contiguous blocks containing particularly significant examples of period architecture. The neighborhood
12317-611: Was previously a manufacturing area and has since been rezoned to allow for high-rise residential uses. It is often considered the area of Chelsea between the Hudson River to the west and Tenth Avenue to the east, a portion of which was designated a historic district in 2008. A 2008 article in The New York Times showed the eastern boundary of West Chelsea as Eighth Avenue for the area between 14th and 23rd streets, Ninth Avenue between 23rd and 25th, and Tenth Avenue between 25th and 29th. The Chelsea Market , located in
12430-409: Was quickly gentrifying, with small businesses being replaced by big-box retailers and technology and fashion stores. With this development, more wealthy residents moved in, further widening an already-existing income gap with public-housing residents. In 2015, the average yearly household income in most of Chelsea was about $ 140,000. On the other hand, in the area's two public-housing developments –
12543-606: Was the center of American theater, led by Pike's Opera House (1868, demolished 1960), on the northwest corner of Eighth Avenue. Chelsea was a busy entertainment district between about 1875 and 1900. Sixth Avenue contained the Ladies' Mile shopping district; music publishers opened offices in Tin Pan Alley along 28th Street; and the Tenderloin red-light district occupied the northern section of Chelsea. The neighborhood
12656-491: Was the site of The Sound Factory & Twilo , as well as several other megaclubs in the 1980s and 1990s, was acquired in 2011 by the British theater company Punchdrunk , who converted it into "The McKittrick Hotel", a five-story, 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m ) performance space housing their immersive site-specific theatrical production, Sleep No More . The building, along with those at 532 and 542 West 27th Street,
12769-408: Was usually much more working-class and middle-class and white than it was by the 1970s. Many Americans associate large, multi-story towers with public housing, but early projects were actually low-rise, though Le Corbusier superblocks caught on before World War II. A unique US public housing initiative was the development of subsidized middle-class housing during the late New Deal (1940–42) under
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