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149-619: The Winter Garden Atrium, along with the rest of the World Financial Center, was designed by architect César Pelli in 1985. It was inaugurated on October 14, 1988 and had a total cost of $ 60 million. The Atrium was originally connected to the World Trade Center via a 400 ft (120 m) pedestrian bridge that spanned West Street . It was severely damaged in the September 11, 2001 attacks as several of

298-556: A $ 335 million project. Toward the end of 1961, negotiations with outgoing New Jersey Governor Meyner reached a stalemate. At the time, ridership on New Jersey's H&M Railroad had declined substantially—from a high of 113 million riders in 1927, to 26 million in 1958—after new automobile tunnels and bridges had opened across the Hudson River. In a December 1961 meeting between Port Authority director Austin J. Tobin and newly elected New Jersey Governor Richard J. Hughes ,

447-832: A 1970 account was supposed to accommodate 130,000 people. On a typical weekday, an estimated 50,000 people worked in the complex and another 140,000 passed through as visitors. The World Trade Center was so large that it had its own zip code: 10048 . The towers offered expansive views from the observation deck atop the South Tower and the Windows on the World restaurant on top of the North Tower. The Twin Towers became known worldwide, appearing in numerous movies and television shows as well as on postcards and other merchandise. It became

596-466: A 362 foot (110 m) telecommunications antenna or mast that was built on the roof in 1979 (upgraded in 1999 to accommodate DTV broadcasts). With this addition, the highest point of the North Tower reached 1,730 feet (530 m). Chicago's Willis Tower , then called Sears Tower which was finished in May 1973 , reached 1,450 feet (440 m) at the rooftop. When completed in 1973, the South Tower became

745-422: A New York City-based theatre company, and a pioneer in the field of site-specific theatre. They are an artist-centric company that supports playwrights, directors, composers and designers in creating new work from the ground up. “They invite artists to think deeply about the stories they choose to tell and the physical sites where they belong to meet audiences where they live and work, spark conversations that explore

894-782: A New York icon, in the same league as the Empire State Building, the Chrysler Building, and the Statue of Liberty . The World Trade Center was compared to Rockefeller Center , which David Rockefeller's brother Nelson Rockefeller had developed in midtown Manhattan. One World Trade Center and Two World Trade Center, commonly referred to as the Twin Towers , were designed by architect Minoru Yamasaki as framed tube structures, which provided tenants with open floor plans, uninterrupted by columns or walls. They were

1043-605: A Rwandan dinner prior to a benefit performance and encouraged to talk about their reactions to the play, their thoughts on what stories need to be heard & who should tell them, what communities, groups, and/or perspectives they least understood, and whose stories they wished to open themselves to hearing. Fandango for Butterflies (And Coyotes) Inspired by interviews with undocumented immigrants from Latin America living in New York, Fandango for Butterflies (And Coyotes) takes

1192-636: A World Trade Center in New York City was first proposed in 1943. The New York State Legislature passed a bill authorizing New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey to begin developing plans for the project, but the plans were put on hold in 1949. During the late 1940s and 1950s, economic growth in New York City was concentrated in Midtown Manhattan . To help stimulate urban renewal in Lower Manhattan, David Rockefeller suggested that

1341-456: A button…and Helen, the youngest sister, tears loose from the constrictions of home, husbands, and obligations to seek adventure. Again and again, we see Helen grasp at opportunities only to be flung back through time to where she started. As the time loops, accumulates, and bursts, Helen is sent spiraling, banished from home, past the point of no return. A funny, feminist riff on a familiar myth, Helen. excavates our mothers from history and asks what

1490-539: A cassette tape of the work he was just developing; it would become the musical phenomenon RENT . Hamburger was recognized with the Edwin Booth and Lee Reynolds Awards for the impressive body of her work. In 1999, she was offered and accepted the post of artistic director with the La Jolla Playhouse. Within six months of moving to California, she received an offer to establish a new creative division for

1639-553: A community of theater professionals dedicated to the playwright's vision. In June 2021, he collaborated with En Garde Arts on “A Dozen Dreams,” a response by 12 playwrights to the isolation of pandemic times. He divides his time between working directly with playwrights and creating strategies with artistic leaders in the United States and abroad to advance new plays into the repertoire. Trained as an actor, he began his transition to directing and producing through his experiences at

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1788-477: A fire on February 13 , 1975; a bombing on February 26 , 1993; and a bank robbery on January 14 , 1998. These events preceded the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. During the attacks, al-Qaeda -affiliated hijackers flew two Boeing 767 jets, one into each of the Twin Towers, seventeen minutes apart; between 16,400 and 18,000 people were in the Twin Towers when they were struck. The fires from

1937-607: A fresh perspective on the places we pass by every day”. It included Sidewalk Echoes by Rogelio Martinez and directed by Johanna McKeon, a play drawn from interviews with small business owners, staged at John Street Methodist Church, as well as walking productions of Uncovering Downtown: A Magical Expedition of Unrecorded Dreams by Mona Monsour and Jessica Holt, and We the People (Not the Bots), written and performed by Eric Lockley and directed by Morgan Green. All three pieces were performed over

2086-402: A global division for Disney where she brought the finest theatre artists into the parks for the first time in their history. She then returned to NYC and re-launched En Garde Arts in 2014. In its second incarnation, En Garde is developing theatre that has social change at its core, assembling some of the finest most visionary artists working in the theatre today. En Garde's producing structure

2235-509: A height of 1,377 ft (420 m). On a clear day, visitors could see up to 50 miles (80 km). An anti-suicide fence was placed on the roof itself, with the viewing platform set back and elevated above it, requiring only an ordinary railing. This left the view unobstructed, unlike the observation deck of the Empire State Building. Windows on the World, the restaurant on the North Tower's 106th and 107th floors, opened in April 1976 . It

2384-507: A model for the complex on January 18, 1964. The original plans called for two towers rising 1,350 feet (410 m), as well as several six-story buildings surrounding a central plaza (later the Austin J. Tobin Plaza ). These buildings were to include office space, restaurants, a hotel, exhibition space, stores, and an information center about world trade. The agency released its final model of

2533-639: A multi-disciplinary arts space in Manhattan. She has also held positions at The House Foundation, Symphony Space, Theatre Development Fund, Voice & Vision Theater and the Look + Listen Festival, where she has been serving as the President since 2014. Isabella Holmes (Business Manager) is a freelance Business Manager & Accounting Advisor for artists and small business owners. John Clinton Eisner (Resident Creative Producer) co-founded The Lark in 1994 as

2682-637: A program with a new strategy through two development phases. Artists who enter the process for Phase One receive a commission and a sharing with a small audience in whatever form is appropriate to the piece, and artists who develop into Phase Two are provided with funding for an extended workshop with a small presentation based on the needs of the piece. Current artists in residence include Sasha Molochnikov, Samora La Perdida (with Josiah Handelman, Matthew Zwiebel and Mobéy Lola Irizarry), Irina Kruzhilina, Leila Buck, Charlene Jean (with Franklin Rankin), and Kristina Wong,

2831-496: A range of perspectives, and build an inclusive community”. Founded in 1985 by Artistic Director Anne Hamburger, the company was New York's first exclusively site-specific theatre, leading audiences to unexpected locations across the city for innovative, contemporary, highly visual new work. En Garde's productions earned six Obie Awards, two Drama Desk Awards, the Special Outer Critics Circle Award and

2980-699: A series of twelve dream “rooms” built and gorgeously designed in a labyrinth structure. Through sets, lights, video, and sound, the rooms brought each individual dream to life, sharing intimate moments that are vital to the human connection that we lost in isolation. The design team was: Irina Kruzhilina (visual & environment design) Rena Anakwe (sound), Brittany Bland (video/projection), and Jeanette Oi-Suk Yew (lighting). Playwrights included: Sam Chanse, Erika Dickerson-Despenza, Emily Mann, Martyna Majok, Mona Mansour, Rehana Mirza, Ellen McLaughlin, Liza Jessie Peterson, Ren Dara Santiago, Caridad Svich, Lucy Thurber, and Andrea Thome. Maya Phillips at The New York Times described

3129-411: A square plan approximately 208 feet (63 m) in dimension on each side. The buildings were designed with narrow office windows 18 inches (46 cm) wide, which reflected Yamasaki's fear of heights as well as his desire to make building occupants feel secure. His design included building facades clad in aluminum-alloy. The World Trade Center was one of the most striking American implementations of

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3278-410: A strong, rigid wall structure, supporting virtually all lateral loads such as wind loads, and sharing the gravity load with the core columns. The perimeter structure containing 59 columns per side was constructed with extensive use of prefabricated modular pieces, each consisting of three columns, three stories tall, connected by spandrel plates. The spandrel plates were welded to the columns to create

3427-409: A utility shaft that ran vertically between floors. Areas at the furthest extent of the fire were extinguished almost immediately; the original fire was put out in a few hours. Most of the damage was concentrated on the 11th floor, fueled by cabinets filled with paper, alcohol-based fluid for office machines, and other office equipment. Fireproofing protected the steel and there was no structural damage to

3576-923: A variety of locations, including Central Park , the Meatpacking District , Penn Yards , East River Park , Pier 25, the Chelsea Hotel , the Victory Theater ( New Victory Theatre ), and the intersection of Wall and Broad Streets in Lower Manhattan. In 1989, En Garde produced a series of three plays at the Dairy, Belvedere Castle and Bow Bridge (Central Park) in Central Park to great critical acclaim. Obie Awards for Best New American Play and Best Director were given to Bad Penny playwright Mac Wellman and director Jim Simpson. The New York Times wrote, “Moving environmentally through

3725-567: A “fantastic journey.” Downtown Live Downtown Live was co-produced with The Tank and presented by the Downtown Alliance from May 15–16 and 22–23. This large-scale performing arts festival brought together nine performing arts groups, over 25 artists and 36 performances to three sites in Lower Manhattan over the course of two weekends. Artists included Pulitzer Prize finalist and celebrated writer and performer Eisa Davis with Kaneza Schaal & Jackie Sibblies Drury; artistic director of

3874-470: Is an arts producer, consultant and advocate, working with a wide variety of theater and music companies around New York City and beyond. Alongside her work with En Garde Arts, companies she has, or has recently worked with include: Pearldamour, DNAWORKS, The Bushwick Starr, Concrete Temple Theatre, Sinking Ship, and The Prototype Festival, among others. Previously she was the General Manager for HERE,

4023-492: Is being built with six new skyscrapers and several other buildings, many of which are complete. A memorial and museum to those killed in the attacks, a new rapid transit hub , and an elevated park have opened. The memorial features two square reflecting pools in the center marking where the Twin Towers stood. One World Trade Center , the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere at 1,776 feet (541 m) and

4172-628: Is highly collaborative, encouraging artists to explore storytelling through music, movement, multimedia and site-specificity. For her work, she has won 6 Obies, 2 Drama Desk Awards, an Outer Critics Circle Award, Lee Reynolds Award and the Exceptional Merit in Media Award from The National Political Women's Caucus. Anne is a member of the League of Professional Theatre Women and is the recipient of an Exceptional Merit in Media Award from

4321-399: Is responsible for pioneering site-specific theatre in New York in the 80s and 90s, using its streets and historic landmarks as her stage. Hamburger produced the work of artists that are now internationally renowned: Anne Bogart, Charles L. Mee, Tina Landau, Jonathan Larson and Reza Abdoh, with large scale predominantly outdoor work. In 1999 she went on to launch and run Creative Entertainment,

4470-417: Is riddled with lies and omissions. When God's Blessing happens upon the book 20 years later, this propels David to return to Rwanda, reconnect with God's Blessing to relive the past and learn the meaning of forgiveness. The production took over a 20,000 square foot empty and raw floor of a downtown office building located at 101 Greenwich Street, transforming it into multiple sites, including an NGO-headquarters,

4619-462: The 1993 World Trade Center Bombing Memorial fountain. The plaza was pervaded by Muzak background music that came from installed loudspeakers. For many years, the Plaza was often beset by brisk winds at ground level owing to the Venturi effect between the two towers. Some gusts were so strong that pedestrians' travel had to be aided by ropes. In 1997 Tony May opened an Italian restaurant in

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4768-584: The Marriott World Trade Center (3 WTC), 4 WTC , 5 WTC , 6 WTC , and 7 WTC . The complex contained 13,400,000 square feet (1,240,000 m ) of office space and, prior to its completion, was projected to accommodate an estimated 130,000 people. The core complex cost about $ 400 million (equivalent to $ 2.31 billion in 2023). The idea was suggested by David Rockefeller to help stimulate urban renewal in Lower Manhattan, and his brother Nelson , then New York's 49th governor, signed

4917-476: The framed-tube structural system used in the twin towers. The Port Authority's Engineering Department served as foundation engineers , Joseph R. Loring & Associates as electrical engineers , and Jaros, Baum & Bolles (JB&B) as mechanical engineers . Tishman Realty & Construction Company was the general contractor on the World Trade Center project. Guy F. Tozzoli , director of

5066-480: The 107th floor to the top of the buildings were designed to support a tall communication antenna on top of each building. Only 1 WTC (North Tower) actually had a spire antenna fitted, which was added in May 1979. The truss system consisted of six trusses along the long axis of the core and four along the short axis. This truss system allowed some load redistribution between the perimeter and core columns and supported

5215-432: The 1960s by Bangladeshi-American structural engineer Fazlur Rahman Khan , was a new approach that allowed more open floor plans than the traditional design that distributed columns throughout the interior to support building loads. Each of the World Trade Center towers had 236 high-strength, load-bearing perimeter steel columns which acted as Vierendeel trusses . The perimeter columns were spaced closely together to form

5364-481: The 1990s. Reza Abdoh & Mira-Lani Oglesby's spectacular, AIDS era cri de coeur, Father Was a Peculiar Man took place over 9 distinct locations through the Meatpacking District, long before its gentrification. In an abandoned Victorian hospital on West 106th Street, Charles L. Mee's Another Person Is a Foreign Country confronted the social marginalization of unconventional people; in fact, it

5513-484: The Bells by The Bird and The Bee , and Let It Snow by Pentatonix . Outside of the light show, visitors would be able to change the colors of these lanterns at the 'wishing station', which consists of three touch-sensitive cubes that control the lights. For each visitor interaction, Brookfield made a $ 1 donation, up to $ 25,000, to Outreach, an organization that helps support youth struggling with substance abuse. In 2018,

5662-780: The Commanding General to encourage active-duty soldiers to avail themselves of mental health services. The production served as a resiliency program to prepare soon to deploy soldiers, highlight existing challenges and raise awareness of Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury warning signs for senior leaders and their soldiers. In talk back sessions held after each performance, the producer, actors, and medical treatment facility treatment subject matter experts answered audience questions, discussed global treatment approaches, and described available services for treatment. Six months of research (three pre- and three post-performance) by

5811-647: The Edwin Booth Award. From 1985 to 1999, Hamburger commissioned playwrights, directors and composers to create theatrical pieces for architectural sites and neighborhoods. The roster of En Garde's alumni artists includes playwrights Charles L. Mee , Mac Wellman , María Irene Fornés ; composers David Van Tieghem , Jonathan Larson ; directors Michael Engler , Tina Landau , Anne Bogart , Reza Abdoh , Jim Simpson and Bill Rauch ; and actors Carl Hancock Rux , Fiona Shaw , Fisher Stevens , Tyne Daly and Jefferson Mays . Intrepid audiences followed their work to

5960-920: The Eugene O’Neill Theater Center's National Playwrights Conference, the National Theatre of the Deaf, the Denver Center Theatre Company and Williamstown Theatre Festival (where he acted in one of Tennessee Williams’ last plays, Gideon's Point). He has led workshops at many universities and served as advisor for CEC Artslink, the National Endowment for the Arts, New York State Council on the Arts, Theatre Development Fund, Theatre Communications Group, National New Play Network, TheatreForum Magazine, Transport Group and

6109-565: The Garden (written by Stephanie Okun), Long Time (conceived by PopUP Theatrics, written by Peca Ștefan, and directed by Tamilla Woodard), and Ghost Card (choreographed by Megan Weaver and Hassan Christopher). Wilderness In 2016, En Garde Arts premiered Wilderness at the Abrons Arts Center in New York, NY. This multimedia documentary theatre piece speaks to the search for connection between parents and children in families amongst

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6258-521: The Greatest Bar on Earth and Cellar in the Sky (reopened after Labor Day ) replaced the original restaurant offshoots. In 1999, Cellar in the Sky was changed into an American steakhouse and renamed as Wild Blue. In 2000 (its last full year of operation), Windows on the World reported revenues of $ 37 million, making it the highest-grossing restaurant in the United States. The Skydive Restaurant, which

6407-585: The Intrepid Behavioral Health Center on base determined a 36% reduction in stigma surrounding seeking services for mental health issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder. Basetrack was also named Best Theatre of 2014 in The New York Times . BOSSS (Big Outdoor Site Specific Stuff) En Garde Arts continued to grow, creating the highly anticipated Emerging Arts Festival BOSSS (Big Outdoor Site Specific Stuff) in

6556-614: The Kigali airport, Nyamata Genocide Memorial and the red hills of Rwanda. One of the most meaningful responses to the production came from a Genocide survivor who was so moved by the show that she asked if she could bring in a photograph of her own family to add to the altar of remembrance in the set. En Garde Arts’ Community Engagement Coordinator Heather Cohn, along with Red Hills Community Engagement Facilitator Channie Waites, crafted post-show panel discussions with experts on Rwanda and healing trauma. On June 20, 2018, audiences were treated to

6705-683: The National Political Women's Caucus. She graduated with a Master of Fine Arts degree from the Yale School of Drama . Clara Alonso (Marketing Director + Producer) is a marketing strategist, product and project manager and believer in the arts as a way to transform the world. She was born and raised in Madrid, Spain and spent almost 6 years in Munich, Germany. She has a strong multicultural background and has developed her career in

6854-481: The North Tower within Tobin Plaza for musicians and performers. These series of concerts and events were called "CenterStage at the World Trade Center". At the center of the plaza stood the monumental sculpture The Sphere by German artist Fritz Koenig . The world's largest bronze sculpture of modern times was surrounded by a fountain. The site had other sculptures such as Ideogram , Cloud Fortress , and

7003-873: The Obie-Award-winning theater The Tank Meghan Finn with playwright/actress Kaaron Briscoe; Obie Award-winning, Off-Broadway favorite playwright and actor David Greenspan and composer Jamie Lawrence; award-winning New York-based Brazilian Theater Company, Group .BR; hip-hop, spoken word and performance artists Baba Israel & Grace Galu; popular downtown music and storytelling duo James & Jerome; classical singer/musical theatre composer and performer Katie Madison; Lucille Lortel Award-winning performer Kuhoo Verma with Justin Ramos; and genre-bending songwriter, theatre-maker and solo performer Ellen Winter. The festival welcomed nearly 1,400 audience members to Lower Manhattan where many of them were seeing live performance again for

7152-412: The People (Not the Bots) written and performed by Eric Lockley, developed and directed by Morgan Green. Costume design by Azalea Fairley, and sound design and engineering by Andrew Lynch. Performed in Manhattan's financial district from June 8 to 30. Uncommon Voices Uncommon Voices is a new work developmental residency program that gives artists working at the intersection of theatre and social change

7301-517: The Port Authority announced the selection of Minoru Yamasaki as lead architect and Emery Roth & Sons as associate architects. Yamasaki devised the plan to incorporate twin towers. His original plan called for the towers to be 80 stories tall, but to meet the Port Authority's requirement for 10,000,000 square feet (930,000 m ) of office space, the buildings would each have to be 110 stories tall. The Port Authority publicly presented

7450-600: The Port Authority build a World Trade Center there. Plans for the use of eminent domain to remove the shops in Radio Row bounded by Vesey , Church , Liberty , and West Streets began in 1961 when the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was deciding to build the world's first world trade center . They had two choices: the east side of Lower Manhattan , near the South Street Seaport ; or

7599-450: The Port Authority leased operation of the observatory to Ogden Entertainment, which decided to renovate it. On April 30, 1997, the Top of the World tour reopened after renovations were finished. Attractions added to the observation deck included 24 video monitors, which provided descriptions of 44 points of interest in six languages; a theater showing a film of a simulated helicopter tour around

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7748-540: The Port Authority offered to take over the H&;M Railroad. They also decided to move the World Trade Center project to the Hudson Terminal building site on the west side of Lower Manhattan, a more convenient location for New Jersey commuters arriving via PATH . With the new location and the Port Authority's acquisition of the H&M Railroad, New Jersey agreed to support the World Trade Center project. As part of

7897-489: The Port Authority would make annual PILOTs for the portion of the World Trade Center leased to private tenants. In subsequent years, the payments would rise as the real estate tax rate increased. In May 1967, the New York City Planning Commission approved several changes to the street grid that would allow the Port Authority to begin acquiring land for the complex. On September 20 , 1962,

8046-525: The Port Authority's approved plans to privatize the World Trade Center in the late 1990s, they sought to lease it to a private entity in 2001. Bids for the lease came from Vornado Realty Trust ; a joint bid between Brookfield Properties Corporation and Boston Properties ; and a joint bid by Silverstein Properties and the Westfield Group . Privatizing the World Trade Center would add it to

8195-409: The Port Authority's chief engineer, John M. Kyle Jr., involved digging a trench, and as excavation proceeded, filling the space with a slurry consisting of a mixture of bentonite and water, which plugged holes and kept groundwater out. When the trench was dug out, a steel cage was inserted and concrete was poured in, forcing the slurry out. It took fourteen months for the slurry wall to be completed. It

8344-560: The Twin Towers, the plan for the World Trade Center complex included four other low-rise buildings, which were built in the early 1970s. The 47-story 7 World Trade Center building was added in the 1980s, to the north of the main complex. Altogether, the main World Trade Center complex occupied a 16-acre (65,000 m ) superblock . The World Trade Center complex housed more than 430 companies that were engaged in various commercial activities. The complex hosted 13,400,000 square feet (1,240,000 m ) of office space, which according to

8493-715: The U.S. Although its design was initially criticized by New Yorkers and architectural critics, the Twin Towers became an icon of New York City. It had a major role in popular culture , and according to one estimate was depicted in 472 films. The Twin Towers were also used in Philippe Petit 's tightrope-walking performance on August 7, 1974. Following the September 11 attacks, mentions of the complex in various media were altered or deleted , and several dozen "memorial films" were created. The World Trade Center experienced several major crime and terrorist incidents, including

8642-653: The Uncommon Voices program, with En Garde returning to its roots and using the city as its stage. The first performance of Uncommon Voices: Unexpected Places featured renowned writer and performer David Greenspan in collaboration with Jamie Lawrence in Wartime Canteen for a New Era, which saw Greenspan and Lawrence performing on the stoop of a brownstone in Brooklyn in October 2020. It continues to grow as

8791-932: The Vice President at PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals). As a songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, she has released multiple albums on respected independent record labels, and performed on numerous U.S. and international tours. She is currently finishing the BMI Lehman Engel Musical Theater Workshop. Nedelle holds a Bachelor of Arts in Music History & Literature from San Francisco State University. She started working in En Garde Arts in March 2024. Amanda Cooper (Consulting General Manager)

8940-487: The Walt Disney Company, where she remained until returning to New York. Basetrack Live Hamburger re-launched En Garde Arts in 2014 with Basetrack Live , a multimedia fusion of music, film, photojournalism and performance, that explores the impact of war on veterans and their families. The show was developed in collaboration with the corpsmen and families of the 1st Battalion 8th Marines and inspired by

9089-755: The Winter Garden Atrium has hosted concerts and symphonies as part of the World Financial Center Series. Upon its reopening in 2002, the atrium held ballets, concerts, a performance by the Big Apple Circus , and a production of The Downtown Messiah , a modern interpretation of Handel 's classical oratorio, directed by Richard Barone . In early 2003, the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation installed an exhibit documenting

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9238-515: The Winter Garden transformed into a Winter Biergarten while hosting 5 Borough Challenge: Best Brews of NYC every Thursday from February 22 to March 15. Each night, guests were able to sample brews from five breweries, one from each of the five boroughs. While tasting these samples, they could play games, listen to music, and cast a vote for their favorite brewery. Breweries featured included globally-renowned ones such as Brooklyn Brewery and less-known ones such as Kills Boro Brewing Company. The event

9387-429: The Winter Garden was the first major structure to be completely restored following the attacks. President George W. Bush was present at the reopening ceremony. The pedestrian bridge was destroyed in the same attacks and was initially replaced by windows facing the former site of the World Trade Center. In 2013, the site of the former pedestrian bridge was partially replaced with a large glass atrium, primarily serving as

9536-401: The World Trade Center towers could be subjected to and structural response to those forces. Experiments also were done to evaluate how much sway occupants could comfortably tolerate; however, many subjects experienced dizziness and other ill effects. One of the chief engineers Leslie Robertson worked with Canadian engineer Alan G. Davenport to develop viscoelastic dampers to absorb some of

9685-452: The World Trade Department at the Port Authority, and Rino M. Monti, the Port Authority's Chief Engineer, oversaw the project. As an interstate agency, the Port Authority was not subject to the local laws and regulations of the City of New York, including building codes . Nonetheless, the World Trade Center's structural engineers ended up following draft versions of New York City's new 1968 building codes. The framed-tube design, introduced in

9834-405: The architectural ethic of Le Corbusier and was the seminal expression of Yamasaki's gothic modernist tendencies. He was also inspired by Islamic architecture , elements of which he incorporated in the building's design, having previously designed Saudi Arabia's Dhahran International Airport with the Saudi Binladin Group . A major limiting factor in building height is the issue of elevators;

9983-413: The area held several blocks of electronics stores, with Cortlandt Street as its central axis. The used radios, war surplus electronics (e.g., AN/ARC-5 radios), junk, and parts were often piled so high they would spill out onto the street, attracting collectors and scroungers. According to a business writer, it also was the origin of the electronic component distribution business. The idea of establishing

10132-440: The attacks, some from smoke inhalation. Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman and four other individuals were later convicted for their involvement in the bombing, while Yousef and Eyad Ismoil were convicted for carrying out the bombing. According to a presiding judge, the conspirators' chief aim at the time of the attack was to destabilize the North Tower and send it crashing into the South Tower, toppling both skyscrapers. Following

10281-408: The automotive world. Clara has a master's degree in Translation and Interpreting and an MBA in Marketing and Sales Management. She started working in En Garde Arts in January 2022. Nedelle Torrisi (Development Manager + Producer) has joined En Garde Arts with development experience at the nonprofit Art Start and logistics experience as a tour manager for musical artists, and as Executive Assistant to

10430-557: The bathtub began in late 1967. Construction work began on the North Tower in August 1968 , and construction on the South Tower was under way by January 1969 . The original Hudson Tubes , which carried PATH trains into Hudson Terminal, remained in service during the construction process until 1971, when a new station opened. The topping out ceremony of 1 WTC (North Tower) took place on December 23 , 1970, while 2 WTC's ceremony (South Tower) occurred on July 19 , 1971. Extensive use of prefabricated components helped to speed up

10579-409: The bombing, floors that were blown out needed to be repaired to restore the structural support they provided to columns. The slurry wall was in peril following the bombing and the loss of the floor slabs that provided lateral support against pressure from Hudson River water on the other side. The refrigeration plant on sublevel B5, which provided air conditioning to the entire World Trade Center complex,

10728-707: The building's stone facade. En Garde would win further Obie Awards for Tina Landau & Charles L. Mee's Orestes in the Penn Yards, and Trojan Women in East River Park Amphitheatre. Deborah Warner's adaptation of The Wasteland with Fiona Shaw earned two Drama Desk Awards. Hamburger used the New York Stock Exchange as a backdrop for JP Morgan Saves the Nation by composer Jonathan Larson . On opening night, he slipped her

10877-427: The city called "Manhattan Magic"; a model of Manhattan with 750 buildings; a Kodak photo booth and two gift shops. The 107th-floor also featured a subway -themed food court that featured Sbarro Street Station and Nathan's Famous Hot Dogs with a dining area that simulated Central Park . Weather permitting, visitors could ride two short escalators up from the 107th-floor viewing area to an outdoor platform at

11026-402: The city's tax rolls and provide funds for other Port Authority projects. On February 15 , 2001, the Port Authority announced that Vornado Realty Trust had won the World Trade Center lease, paying $ 3.25 billion for the 99-year lease. Vornado outbid Silverstein by $ 600 million though Silverstein upped his offer to $ 3.22 billion. However, Vornado insisted on last minute changes to

11175-586: The completion of the Sears Tower in 1973. They were not surpassed until the construction of the Burj Khalifa , which opened in 2010. The towers were also the world's tallest twin towers until 1996, when the Petronas Towers opened. Each tower had a total mass of around 500,000 tons. The original World Trade Center had a five-acre (two-hectare) plaza around which all of the buildings in

11324-407: The complex in March 1966. Despite public criticism over the height of the 110-story twin towers, Yamasaki & Associates and Emery Roth & Sons made only relatively minor changes to the plans, which were released in May 1966. The revised plans called for the twin towers and four additional low-rise structures to surround the central plaza. Yamasaki's design for the World Trade Center called for

11473-404: The complex, including the twin towers, were centered. World Trade Center officials had wanted the plaza to be a "contemplative space" or a Zen garden . In 1982, the plaza was renamed after Port Authority's late chairman, Austin J. Tobin, who authorized the construction of the original World Trade Center. During the summer, the Port Authority installed a portable stage, typically backed up against

11622-442: The complexities that accompany life in the 21st century, including mental health, addiction, and gender and sexual identity. Inspired by co-writer and executive producer Anne Hamburger's own experiences with her son, this piece compiled real-life interviews, research, and the blending of documentary and fiction to portray the complex journey that parents and children embark in seeking therapy and communication. Wilderness toured across

11771-467: The construction of the World Trade Center took place on August 5 , 1966. The site of the World Trade Center was located on filled land with the bedrock located 65 feet (20 m) below. To construct the World Trade Center, it was necessary to build a " bathtub " with a slurry wall around the West Street side of the site, to keep water from the Hudson River out. The slurry method selected by

11920-518: The construction process, and the first tenants moved into the North Tower on December 15, 1970 , while it was still under construction, while the South Tower began accepting tenants in January 1972 . The complex had 111 tenants with a combined 1,800 employees by late 1971. When the Twin Towers were completed, the total costs to the Port Authority had reached $ 900 million. The ribbon-cutting ceremony took place on April 4 , 1973. In addition to

12069-439: The country, was published by Dramatists Play Service and is now being licensed by colleges and universities around the world. In 2014, Wilderness was named Critics’ Pick in The New York Times , which called it a "terrific, moving new multimedia theater piece." Red Hills In 2018, En Garde premiered Red Hills (written by Asiimwe Deborah Kawe and Sean Christopher Lewis, directed by Katie Pearl) in New York, NY. Red Hills

12218-459: The course of June 2022. Helen. Presented by and performed at La MaMa, this SuperGeographics production, written by Caitlin Georges and directed by Violeta Picayo, imagines “a world of tightly-bound conventions”, where “the god of chaos watches three sisters talk about laundry, grout maintenance, and family planning as they wait for their mother’s wake to end, or a wedding to begin. Chaos undoes

12367-468: The course. Windows on the World was forced to close following the 1993 World Trade Center bombing as the explosion damaged receiving areas, storage and parking spots used by the restaurant complex. On May 12, 1994, the Joseph Baum & Michael Whiteman Company won the contract to run the restaurants after Windows's former operator, Inhilco , gave up its lease. After its reopening on June 26, 1996,

12516-443: The deal, including a shorter 39-year lease, which the Port Authority considered nonnegotiable. Vornado later withdrew and Silverstein's bid for the lease to the World Trade Center was accepted on April 26 , 2001, and closed on July 24 , 2001. On September 11, 2001 , Islamist terrorists hijacked two commercial airliners and crashed them into the Twin Towers. One group led by Mohamed Atta crashed American Airlines Flight 11 into

12665-447: The deal, the Port Authority renamed the H&M "Port Authority Trans-Hudson", or PATH for short. To compensate Radio Row business owners for their displacement, the Port Authority gave each business $ 3,000 without regard to how long the business had been there or how prosperous it was. The Port Authority began purchasing properties in the area for the World Trade Center by March 1965, and demolition of Radio Row began in March 1966. It

12814-501: The design to stack local elevators within the same elevator shaft. Located on the 44th and 78th floors of each tower, the sky lobbies enabled the elevators to be used efficiently. This increased the amount of usable space on each floor from 62 to 75 percent by reducing the number of elevator shafts. Altogether, the World Trade Center had 95 express and local elevators. The structural engineering firm Worthington, Skilling, Helle & Jackson worked to implement Yamasaki's design, developing

12963-559: The entrance to an underground tunnel concourse leading to the World Trade Center PATH station . Preliminary plans called for the demolition of the Grand Staircase, which was the main focal entry point to the former pedestrian bridge. The Grand Staircase has also been used as an amphitheater; thus, the plans for demolition had outraged residents, who promptly appealed for its preservation. Since its construction,

13112-600: The exhibit was featured in New York Times ' "Best Theater of 2021". World Trade Center (1973%E2%80%932001) The original World Trade Center ( WTC ) was a complex of seven buildings in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City . Built primarily between 1966 and 1975, it was dedicated on April 4, 1973, and was destroyed during the September 11 attacks in 2001. At

13261-1134: The fall of 2015. Beginning in early 2015, Hamburger gathered multiple artists together once a week to brainstorm ideas. Hamburger mentored the artists as pieces began to take shape, working with the Hudson River Park as a performance space. Completely free to the public, BOSSS programming included Given The Present, The Future Does Not Depend On The Past (written by Sam Alper, composed and lyricized by Deepali Gupta, and directed by Jimmy Maize), The Visitors (written and directed by Barbara Cassidy and choreographed by Johari Mayfield, with Jessica Corbin as Choral Leader), Moms (written by Sarah DeLappe [playwright of The Wolves ] and directed by Morgan Green), The Queer Garden (written by Kenny Finkle, directed by Jessie Geiger, and produced by Louise English), We Were Wild Once Episode 6: Talks With A Drunk (directed by Sanaz Ghajarrahimi), Night, Janitor, Carousel (directed by Ellie Heyman), An Evening With Bina48 (directed by Andrew Scoville, designed by David Tennant and Kate Freer), This Place (directed by Lee Sunday Evans), Gnomads of

13410-473: The fear of uncertainty." On the eve of city-wide ICE raids, a group of immigrants gather in an undisclosed community center in NYC for a fandango. As fear encroaches — fear for family left behind in their home countries, fear for loved ones in the middle of their dangerous journey to New York, fear of leaving the sanctuary of the community center simply just to get a bag of ice — a sense of camaraderie builds between

13559-523: The fire and was criminally charged. The first terrorist attack on the World Trade Center occurred on February 26, 1993, at 12:17 p.m. A Ryder truck filled with 1,500 pounds (680 kg) of explosives (planted by Ramzi Yousef ) detonated in the North Tower's underground garage. The blast opened a 100 ft (30 m) hole through five sublevels, with the greatest damage occurring on levels B1 and B2 and significant structural damage on level B3. Six people were killed and 1,042 others were injured in

13708-578: The first time since COVID-19 shut everything down. Audiences were able to enjoy the vast range of offerings, some even choosing 3-show packages, as well as taking advantage of all the wonderful restaurants and sites downtown. Downtown Stories Downtown Stories was a series of three theatrical adventures, co-produced with Downtown Alliance, bringing “to life the secrets and stories of Lower Manhattan, both real and imagined. Its art meets anthropological expedition as audiences traverse lower Manhattan to discover new or little-known facts about downtown that provide

13857-497: The floors. The trusses connected to the perimeter at alternate columns and were on 6 foot 8 inch (2.03 m) centers. The top chords of the trusses were bolted to seats welded to the spandrels on the exterior side and a channel welded to the core columns on the interior side. The floors were connected to the perimeter spandrel plates with viscoelastic dampers that helped reduce the amount of sway felt by building occupants. Hat trusses (or "outrigger trusses") located from

14006-485: The form of a fandango —a community celebration where stories are brought to life through live performance, music, and dance. Written by Andrea Thome , with direction by José Zayas and original music by Sinuhé Padilla, Fandango premiered at La MaMa in February 2020, and was a New York Times Critics Pick. The Times called it a "sensitive portrait of the in-between: characters balancing the small joys of everyday life with

14155-694: The future holds for our daughters”. The piece ran from October 13–29, 2023. Krapp's starring and directed by Paul Zimet of The Talking Band Grace directed by Bill Rauch Stonewall directed by Tina Landau Waste Land directed by Deborah Warner , starring Fiona Shaw Secret History written by Carlos Murillo, Alice Tuan and Peter Ullian, directed by Matthew Wilder Uncovering Downtown: A Magical Expedition of Unrecorded Dreams by Mona Monsour and Jessica Holt, directed by Holt. Performed by Michelle J. Rodriguez, costume design by Azalea Fairley, and sound design and engineering by Andrew Lynch. Performed around Bowling Green Park from June 8 to 25. We

14304-571: The glass panes were blown out by the dust clouds and debris caused by the collapse of the World Trade Center , but was rebuilt during the first year of the Financial Center's recovery. Reconstruction of the Winter Garden required 2,000 panes of glass, 60,000 square feet (5,400 m) of marble flooring and stairs, and sixteen 40 ft (12 m) Washingtonia robusta palm trees at a cost of $ 50 million. Reopened on September 17, 2002,

14453-420: The impacts were intensified by the planes' burning jet fuel, which, along with the initial damage to the buildings' structural columns, ultimately caused both towers to collapse . The attacks killed 2,606 people in and around the towers, as well as all 157 on board the two aircraft. Falling debris from the towers, combined with fires in several surrounding buildings that were initiated by falling debris, led to

14602-832: The inaugural recipient of the Joan D. Firestone Commissioning Fund. Obie Awards (6): Bad Penny (Best New American Play: Mac Wellman ) 1990; Bad Penny (Best Direction: Jim Simpson 1990; Crowbar (Performance: Elzbieta Czyzewska) 1990; En Garde Arts (Obie Grant) 1991; Orestes (Performance: Jefferson Mays ) 1994; The Trojan Women (Performance: Sharon Scruggs) 1997 Drama Desk Awards (2): The Waste Land (Outstanding One Person Show, Unique Theatrical Experience) 1997 Outer Critics Circle Awards (1): Crowbar (Special Award) 1989-90 Edwin Booth Award, 1995 Anne Hamburger (Founding Artistic Director) founded En Garde Arts in 1985. As its artistic director and Creative Producer, she

14751-574: The lead building for the new complex, completed construction in May 2013 and opened in November 2014. The western portion of the World Trade Center site was originally under the Hudson River . The shoreline was in the vicinity of Greenwich Street , which is closer to the site's eastern border. It was on this shoreline, close to the intersection of Greenwich and the former Dey Street , that Dutch explorer Adriaen Block 's ship, Tyger , burned to

14900-453: The legislation to build it. The buildings at the complex were designed by Minoru Yamasaki . In 1998, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey decided to privatize it by leasing the buildings to a private company to manage. It awarded the lease to Silverstein Properties in July 2001 . During its existence, the World Trade Center symbolized globalization and the economic prosperity of

15049-400: The main buildings of the World Trade Center. Construction of the North Tower at One World Trade Center began in 1966 with the South Tower at Two World Trade Center. When completed in 1972, 1 World Trade Center became the tallest building in the world for two years, surpassing the Empire State Building after its 40-year reign. The North Tower stood 1,368 feet (417 m) tall and featured

15198-429: The modular pieces off-site at the fabrication shop. Adjacent modules were bolted together with the splices occurring at mid-span of the columns and spandrels. The spandrel plates were located at each floor, transmitting shear stress between columns, allowing them to work together in resisting lateral loads. The joints between modules were staggered vertically so that the column splices between adjacent modules were not on

15347-465: The morning of August 7, 1974, Philippe Petit performed a high-wire walk between the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center. For his unauthorized feat 1,312 feet (400 m) above the ground, he rigged a 440-pound (200 kg) cable and used a custom-made 30-foot-long (9.1 m), 55-pound (25 kg) balancing pole. He performed for 45 minutes, making eight passes along the wire. Though Petit

15496-484: The north of the superblock. Beneath the World Trade Center complex was an underground shopping mall . It had connections to various mass transit facilities, including the New York City Subway system and the Port Authority's PATH trains. One of the world's largest gold depositories was located underneath the World Trade Center, owned by a group of commercial banks. The 1993 bombing detonated close to

15645-400: The northern facade of the North Tower at 8:46:40 a.m.; the aircraft struck between the 93rd and 99th floors. Seventeen minutes later, at 9:03:11 a.m., a second group led by Marwan al-Shehhi crashed the similarly hijacked United Airlines Flight 175 into the southern facade of the South Tower, striking it between the 77th and 85th floors. En Garde Arts En Garde Arts is

15794-500: The pandemic. Artistic director Anne Hamburger , along with former director John Clinton Eisner and designer Irina Kruzhilina, then brought these descriptions to life in twelve separate rooms. At the entrance of the installation, visitors were given headphones to listen to recorded audio descriptions of the dreams written and performed by the playwrights themselves. Each of these recordings was 3 minutes and 30 seconds long, and visitors were allowed to move at their own pace. In December 2021,

15943-496: The partial or complete collapse of all the WTC complex's buildings, including 7 World Trade Center , and caused catastrophic damage to 10 other large structures in the surrounding area. The cleanup and recovery process at the World Trade Center site took eight months, during which the remains of the other buildings were demolished. On May 30, 2002, the last piece of WTC steel was ceremonially removed. A new World Trade Center complex

16092-603: The participants. Strangers become friends, friends become family, and the fandango plays on. Performances were in English and Spanish with supertitles, making the show fully accessible to Spanish and English-speaking audiences. After its initial run, En Garde partnered with the NYC Mayor's Office of Immigrant Affairs for its five-borough tour around New York, who had a booth at select performances which provided both immigrants and allies with resources and actionable steps. The tour

16241-431: The plaza next to 4 World Trade Center called "Gemelli". The following year, he opened another restaurant in an adjacent place called "Pasta Break". On June 9, 1999, the outdoor plaza reopened after undergoing $ 12 million in renovations. This involved replacing marble pavers with over 40,000 gray and pink granite stones, as well as adding benches, planters, food kiosks, and outdoor dining areas. Although most of

16390-544: The plaza. 6 World Trade Center , at the northwest corner, housed the United States Customs Service . 5 World Trade Center was located at the northeast corner above the PATH station, and 4 World Trade Center , located at the southeast corner, housed the U.S. Commodities Exchange . In 1987, construction was completed on a 47-floor office building, 7 World Trade Center , located to

16539-528: The recovery process of the World Trade Center in the atrium. The exhibit included early designs of Libeskind's Freedom Tower . Later that year, the eight finalists in the competition for the new buildings had their designs unveiled and displayed in the atrium. The Winter Garden continues to serve as a venue for art exhibits, music, and shows, as well as hosting movie screenings during the TriBeCa Film Festival . In 2015, designer David Rockwell

16688-408: The restaurant two out of four stars, signifying a "very good" quality. In his 2009 book Appetite , William Grimes wrote that, "At Windows, New York was the main course". In 2014, Ryan Sutton of Eater.com compared the now-destroyed restaurant's cuisine to that of its replacement, One World Observatory . He said, "Windows helped usher in a new era of captive audience dining in that the restaurant

16837-400: The same floor. Below the 7th floor to the foundation, there were fewer, wider-spaced perimeter columns to accommodate doorways. The core of the towers housed the elevator and utility shafts, restrooms, three stairwells, and other support spaces. The core of each tower was a rectangular area 87 by 135 feet (27 by 41 m) and contained 47 steel columns running from the bedrock to the top of

16986-404: The second floor, visitors were required to pass through security checks added after the 1993 World Trade Center bombing . They were then sent to the 107th-floor indoor observatory at a height of 1,310 feet (400 m) by a dedicated express elevator, which could be only accessed by entering the core. The exterior columns were narrowed to allow 28 inches of window width between them. In 1995,

17135-400: The second tallest building in the world at 1,362 feet (415 m). Its rooftop observation deck was 1,362 ft (415 m) high and its indoor observation deck was 1,310 ft (400 m) high. Each tower stood over 1,350 feet (410 m) high, and occupied about 1 acre (4,000 m ) of the total 16 acres (65,000 m ) of the site's land. During a press conference in 1973, Yamasaki

17284-645: The series has featured dozens of playwrights, directors and performers whose work is at the intersection of art and social justice. Artists that have been featured in Uncommon Voices are grappling with subject matter that has ranged from the issues of teaching teens at Rikers; misogyny and #MeToo; the climate crisis; and xenophobia. Some of the playwrights and performing artists featured in the Uncommon Voices series include Tonya Pinkins, Andre De Shields, Miranda Rose Hall, Nadine Malouf, Pascale Armand, Kevin R. Free, Danny Pudi, and Syndee Winters, among others. ALL ARTS: Beginning in early 2020, En Garden's Uncommon Voices series

17433-475: The show: “a dozen rooms exquisitely designed to replicate the surreal, chameleonic chambers of the mind at rest [with] inspired dream spaces, courtesy of the production’s outstanding designers.” The production enabled En Garde Arts to employ nearly 100 artists and arts workers and welcomed 1575 audience members over the 3-week run. It was included in The New York Times “Best Theater of 2021” roundup as

17582-421: The site. The ship, believed to be a Hudson River sloop , was found just south of where the Twin Towers stood, about 20 feet (6.1 m) below the surface. Later, the area became New York City's Radio Row , which existed from 1921 to 1966. The neighborhood was a warehouse district in what is now Tribeca and the Financial District . Harry Schneck opened City Radio on Cortlandt Street in 1921, and eventually,

17731-505: The space in the World Trade Center complex was off-limits to the public, the South Tower featured a public glass-enclosed observation deck on the 107th floor called Top of the World and an open-air deck with the height of 110 stories. The observation deck opened in December 1975 and operated from 9:30 a.m. to 11:30 p.m. (June to August) and from 9:30 a.m. – 9:30 p.m. (September to May). After paying an entrance fee in

17880-431: The streets and buildings of Manhattan, En Garde Arts is an invigorating urban presence.” The following year, Wellman's play Crowbar became the first legitimate theatrical production to be held in 42nd Street's Victory Theatre for 60 years. Designed and built for Oscar Hammerstein in 1900, the theatre's elaborately decorated interior remained intact despite decades of neglect, including 20 years as porn theatre. Crowbar

18029-472: The sways. These viscoelastic dampers, used throughout the structures at the joints between floor trusses and perimeter columns along with some other structural modifications, reduced the building sway to an acceptable level. In March 1965, the Port Authority began acquiring property at the World Trade Center site. Demolition work began on March 21 , 1966, to clear thirteen square blocks of low rise buildings in Radio Row for its construction. Groundbreaking for

18178-434: The taller the building, the more elevators are needed to service it, requiring more space-consuming elevator banks. Yamasaki and the engineers decided to use a new system with two " sky lobbies "—floors where people could switch from a large-capacity express elevator to a local elevator that goes to each floor in a section. This system, inspired by the local-express train operation used in New York City's subway system, allowed

18327-539: The time of their completion, the 110-story-tall Twin Towers , including the original 1 World Trade Center (the North Tower) at 1,368 feet (417 m), and 2 World Trade Center (the South Tower) at 1,362 feet (415.1 m), were the tallest buildings in the world ; they were also the tallest twin skyscrapers in the world until 1996, when the Petronas Towers opened. Other buildings in the complex included

18476-549: The tools to engage in a collaborative creative process to build stories that spark conversation and promote community. En Garde Arts offers support to artists to create genre-bending work and think deeply about the story they are telling, where it belongs and to whom it speaks. Uncommon Voices began as an intergenerational series for art, activism, conversation and community, which occurred on the first Monday of each month at The Commons Cafe in Brooklyn. Since launching in January 2019,

18625-438: The tower. In addition to fire damage on the 9th through the 14th floors, the water used to extinguish the fire damaged a few of the floors below. At that time, the World Trade Center had no fire sprinkler systems . On March 12, 1981, the Port Authority announced a $ 45 million plan to install sprinklers throughout the World Trade Center. A disgruntled custodian, 19 year old Oswald Adorno, was discovered to have deliberately started

18774-454: The tower. The large, column-free space between the perimeter and core was bridged by prefabricated floor trusses. The floors supported their own weight as well as live loads , providing lateral stability to the exterior walls and distributing wind loads among the exterior walls. The floors consisted of 4-inch (10 cm) thick lightweight concrete slabs laid on a fluted steel deck. A grid of lightweight bridging trusses and main trusses supported

18923-549: The transmission tower. The framed-tube design, using steel core and perimeter columns protected with sprayed-on fire-resistant material, created a relatively lightweight structure that would sway more in response to the wind compared to traditional structures, such as the Empire State Building that has thick, heavy masonry for fireproofing of steel structural elements. During the design process, wind tunnel tests were done to establish design wind pressures that

19072-403: The vault. Seven weeks after the September 11 attacks, $ 230 million in precious metals was removed from basement vaults of 4 WTC. This included 3,800 100-Troy-ounce 24 carat gold bars and 30,000 1,000-ounce silver bars. On February 13, 1975, a three-alarm fire broke out on the North Tower's 11th floor. It spread to the 9th and 14th floors after igniting telephone cable insulation in

19221-471: The waterline in November 1613, stranding him and his crew and forcing them to overwinter on the island. They built the first European settlement in Manhattan . The remains of the ship were buried under landfill when the shoreline was extended beginning in 1797 and was discovered during excavation work in 1916. The remains of a second eighteenth-century ship were discovered in 2010 during excavation work at

19370-590: The website One-Eight Basetrack (a citizen journalism project featuring the work of Teru Kuwayama, Balazs Gardi and Tivadar Domaniczky). The production premiered in Austin, TX in September 2014, and toured to over 40 cities nationally with a New York premiere at the Brooklyn Academy of Music on Veterans Day of 2014. Basetrack Live was invited to Fort Hood Military Base in Killeen, TX at the invitation of

19519-510: The west side, near the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad (H&M) station, Hudson Terminal . Initial plans, made public in 1961, identified a site along the East River for the World Trade Center. As a bi-state agency, the Port Authority required approval for new projects from the governors of both New York and New Jersey . New Jersey Governor Robert B. Meyner objected to New York getting

19668-452: Was a 180-seat cafeteria on the 44th floor of 1 WTC conceived for office workers, was also operated by Windows on the World. In its last iteration, Windows on the World received mixed reviews. Ruth Reichl , a New York Times food critic, said in December 1996 that "nobody will ever go to Windows on the World just to eat, but even the fussiest food person can now be content dining at one of New York's favorite tourist destinations". She gave

19817-454: Was a celebration of difference, played like a beautiful human symphony under a blanket of stars. Director Anne Bogart's cast included a blind choir with seeing-eye dogs, a group of emotionally disturbed rock musicians, and a man and woman, both 3’ tall, all staged against the Gothic, empty Towers Nursing Home ( New York Cancer Hospital ). The evening ended with a stunning waterfall cascading down

19966-533: Was a destination in itself, rather than a lazy by-product of the vital institution it resided in." Five smaller buildings stood on the 16-acre (65,000 m ) block. One was the 22-floor hotel, which opened at the southwest corner of the site in 1981 as the Vista Hotel ; in 1995, it became the Marriott World Trade Center (3 WTC). Three low-rise buildings (4 WTC, 5 WTC, and 6 WTC), which were steel-framed office buildings, also stood around

20115-576: Was a site-specific piece exploring the questions of “Who has the right to tell a story?” and “Whose story is it?” through the lens of the genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda. Red Hills tells the story of an American missionary named David and a Rwandan tour guide named God's Blessing who meet as teenagers during the Genocide. Back in the U.S., David writes a book called Dogs of Rwanda that becomes famous but

20264-415: Was an immersive theatre installation based on the pandemic dreams of 12 women playwrights. It received its world premiere at Brookfield Place New York from May 13–30, 2021. The piece was conceived by En Garde Artistic Director Anne Hamburger with John Clinton Eisner and Irina Kruzhilina. The production was offered free-of-charge and attracted New Yorkers from all walks of life for a 55-minute experience through

20413-438: Was asked, "Why two 110-story buildings? Why not one 220-story building?" His tongue-in-cheek response was: "I didn't want to lose the human scale." Architectural critic Ada Louise Huxtable criticized the design of the twin towers when they were first announced, saying: "Here we have the world's daintiest architecture for the world's biggest buildings." The twin towers had more floors (at 110) than any other building before

20562-555: Was charged with criminal trespass and disorderly conduct, he was later freed in exchange for performing for children in Central Park . On February 20, 1981, an Aerolíneas Argentinas airliner was guided away by air traffic controllers after radar signals indicated it was on a collision course with the North Tower (1 WTC). The aircraft, which departed from José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport in Guayaquil , Ecuador, and

20711-545: Was commissioned to design a holiday display for the Winter Garden. Drawing inspiration from the festive Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree , he created the "Luminaries", an interactive installation of 650 lanterns that hang from the ceiling of the Winter Garden. At the beginning of every hour between 8 AM and 10 PM, the Luminaries displayed a special light show featuring one of the following songs: Winter Wonderland by Michael Búble , Silver Bells by Tony Bennett , Carol of

20860-564: Was completely demolished by the end of the year. Approval was also needed from New York City Mayor John Lindsay and the New York City Council . Disagreements with the city centered on tax issues, and the New York City Planning Commission wanted the Port Authority to increase its payments in lieu of taxes (PILOT) to the city government. On August 3 , 1966, an agreement was reached whereby

21009-527: Was developed by restaurateur Joe Baum at a cost of more than $ 17 million. As well as the main restaurant, two offshoots were located at the top of the North Tower: Hors d'Oeuvrerie (offered a Danish smorgasbord during the day and sushi in the evening) and Cellar in the Sky (a small wine bar ). Windows on the World also had a wine school program run by Kevin Zraly , who published a book on

21158-485: Was featured on WNET's All Arts program in collaboration with Emmy Award-winning producer Jesse Green. Over the course of 2020, the series received over 230,000 views across all streaming platforms. Uncommon Voices, Unexpected Places: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic suspending all indoor performances, En Garde Arts created an outdoor alternative: Uncommon Voices: Unexpected Places. This program is a site-specific continuation of

21307-549: Was forced to close on March 13, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but was revived in the Fall of 2021 for a limited run at St. Ann & The Holy Trinity Church and a tour to Penn State Center for the Performing Arts and University of Maryland's Clarice Center. A Dozen Dreams In 2021, with the theaters shuttered across New York City, En Garde Arts returned to its site-specific roots to create during Covid. A DOZEN DREAMS

21456-407: Was heavily damaged. After the bombing, the Port Authority installed photoluminescent pathway markings in the stairwells. The fire alarm system for the entire complex needed to be replaced because critical wiring and signaling in the original system were destroyed. A memorial to the victims of the bombing, a reflecting pool , was installed with the names of those who were killed in the blast. It

21605-483: Was held in partnership with New Yorkers for Parks, a non-profit organization dedicated to building and protecting open spaces throughout New York City. A total of $ 46,000 was raised from the beer sales by the end of the multi-week event, and 100% of these proceeds went to New Yorkers for Parks. In 2021, the Winter Garden was home to "A Dozen Dreams", an immersive art installation commissioned by En Garde Arts . They asked 12 female playwrights to describe their dreams during

21754-492: Was later destroyed following the September 11 attacks. The names of the victims of the 1993 bombing are included in the National September 11 Memorial & Museum . In January 1998, a DeCavalcante crime family member Ralph Guarino gained maintenance access to the World Trade Center. He arranged a three-man crew for a heist that netted over $ 2 million from a Brinks delivery to the North Tower's 11th floor. On

21903-417: Was necessary before the excavation of material from the interior of the site could begin. The 1,200,000 cubic yards (920,000 m ) of excavated material were used (along with other fill and dredge material) to expand the Manhattan shoreline across West Street to form Battery Park City . The Port Authority awarded $ 74 million in contracts to various steel suppliers in January 1967, and excavation of

22052-672: Was produced before 42nd Street's redevelopment, and En Garde Arts could not find a cleaning company willing to take on the job, so a group of volunteers cleaned the interior to make way for Mac Wellman's new play. Directed by Richard Caliban with music by David Van Tieghem, Crowbar won Obie awards for En Garde Arts and actor Elżbieta Czyżewska , and was granted a special award by the Outer Critics Circle. Now firmly in league with New York's most influential and innovative theatre companies, En Garde continued to produce iconoclastic, critically acclaimed, award-winning work throughout

22201-508: Was scheduled to land at nearby JFK Airport , was flying at a much lower altitude than regulations recommended. The 1995 PCA world chess championship was played on the 107th floor of the South Tower. On February 8, 2000, a worker was crushed to death and another was injured by an industrial cooling unit. Slow leasing was a hallmark of the old World Trade Center complex. The Twin Towers suffered high vacancy rates for decades. The complex achieved 95% occupancy only in mid-2001. Following

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