Misplaced Pages

#167832

52-461: The municipality is located in historical regions of Syrmia . The total area of the municipality is 64.56 km. The territory of the municipality is completely flat with very fertile black soil. The municipality shares borders with municipalities of Lovas to north, Tompojevci to northwest, Nijemci to west and southwest and the Republic of Serbia to south, east and north-east where it borders

104-1100: A Montenegrin and then a confidant of Josip Broz Tito , drew the border according to demographic criteria, which explains why the town of Ilok on the Danube , with a Croat majority, lies east of Šid in Serbia, with a Serb majority. The border drawn in 1945 was very similar to the 1931-1939 border between the Danube Banovina and the Sava Banovina within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia . List of cities in Syrmia (with population): Petrovaradin, Sremska Kamenica, Sremski Karlovci and Beočin are geographically located in Syrmia, but they are part of South Bačka District . Municipalities in Serbian Syrmia: The Syrmian villages of Neštin and Vizić are part of

156-427: A consequence of being subjugated to extremely poor conditions during imprisonment and/or torture, which lead to their death from extreme weakening and illness. The Seven were, in sequence of taking the role of a secretary of the organization: After Axis powers occupied Yugoslavia in 1941, SKOJ organized a united youth front with the program of struggle against fascism and war, Anti-Fascist Youth Committees which at

208-535: A considerable threat for unfamiliar individuals. According to the Croatian Minister of Interior Ranko Ostojić , police in the area have enough people and equipment to protect the Croatian border against undocumented border crossings removing the need for fence. Croatian President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović and First Deputy Prime Minister Vesna Pusić have also rejected the option of building a fence along

260-549: A peace treaty in 845 AD. The region was later incorporated into the Principality of Lower Pannonia , but during the 10th century it became a battleground between Hungarians , Bulgarians , and Serbs . At the beginning of the 11th century, the ruler of Syrmia was Duke Sermon , vassal of the Bulgarian emperor Samuil . There had been Bulgar resistance to Byzantine rule. This collapsed and Sermon, who refused to capitulate

312-524: A single organization, which continued to use the name People's Youth of Yugoslavia, and the use of the name SKOJ was discontinued. NOJ was later reorganised into League of Socialist Youth of Yugoslavia] (SSOJ), which was founded as a merger of the League of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia and the People's Youth of Yugoslavia organizations after World War II . Membership in the organization, though not compulsory,

364-517: Is "absolutely full" by the evening of 17 September 2015, and Croatia decided to close its border with Serbia. In early 2019 villages of Tovarnik, Ilača and Banovci organized joint demonstrations against truck drivers from countries other than Croatia and Serbia which are causing heavy traffic congestion on the D46 road while waiting to cross the state border between Croatia and Serbia. Citizens requested redirection of all truck transportation, with

416-523: The Croatian War of Independence ensued shortly thereafter. The Serbs self-proclaimed in one part western Syrmia an autonomous region called the "Serbian Autonomous Region of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia ". This region was one of the two Serbian autonomous regions that formed the self-declared and unrecognized Republic of Serbian Krajina . The region was ethnically cleansed of its Croat and some other non-Serb population leading to some of

468-516: The Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia and Croatia . Most of the region is flat, with the exception of the low Fruška gora mountain stretching along the Danube in its northern part. The word "Syrmia" is derived from the ancient city of Sirmium (now Sremska Mitrovica ). Sirmium was a Celtic or Illyrian town founded in the third century BC. Srem ( Serbian Cyrillic : Срем ) and Srijem ( Сријем ) are used to designate

520-550: The Federal Assembly . In the 1980s, attitudes within the SSOJ began to change its structure, and by the latter half of the decade it helped facilitate a network of alternative social and political opinions within the youth sphere of Yugoslavia. The organization attempted to subvert the growing threat of nationalism while following a liberal approach to social issues. The SSOJ tried to facilitate youth culture by encouraging

572-590: The JNA and Serb rebels on 22 September 1991, a total of 80 Croat civilians were killed by Serb forces during and after Serb forces attacked and occupied the village. Serb forces had expelled 95% of the 2,500 Croat inhabitants by the end of 1991 and had destroyed 75% of the homes and buildings in the village. After the signing of the Erdut Agreement in 1995 between the authorities of the Republic of Croatia and

SECTION 10

#1732787017168

624-899: The South Bačka district , and another smaller area around Novi Beograd , Zemun , and Surčin belongs to the City of Belgrade . The remaining part of Syrmia is part of the Vukovar-Syrmia County in Croatia. The present international border of the region of Syrmia was drawn in 1945 by the Đilas commission . It divided the Yugoslav constituent republic of Croatia and the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina , itself part of Serbia , within Yugoslavia . Milovan Đilas ,

676-670: The Syrmian Front broke through on 12 April 1945 local Danube Swabians and some Croats in Tovarnik (51 in total) were exposed to a wave of executions of suspected collaborators who were executed by being pushed from the tower of the Church of St. George . Protestant Danube Swabians from Šidski Banovci were expelled despite the fact that they helped to save survivors from Ivanci and were more protective of local Orthodox population than Catholic Danube Swabians. Some minor issues regarding

728-702: The 1920s, the Second Congress in June 1923, and the Third Congress in June 1926. SKOJ was affiliated to the Young Communist International . Regional committees were reestablished in 1939. Seven Secretaries of SKOJ , also known as Seven Courageous , were seven leading figures of the organization, between 1924 and 1931, who died at the hand of the government, in direct confrontation with the gendarmerie , suicide, or indirectly as

780-615: The 6th century, Syrmia was part of the Byzantine province of Pannonia . During that time, Byzantine rule was challenged by Ostrogoths and Gepids . In 567, Byzantine rule was fully restored, although it later collapsed during the Siege of Sirmium by Avars and Slavs (582). It remained under Avar rule up to c. 800, when it came under the control of the Frankish Empire . In 827, Bulgars invaded Syrmia and continued to rule after

832-613: The Congress of Anti-Fascist Youth of Yugoslavia in Bihać in 1942 united into the Unified League of Anti-Fascist Youth of Yugoslavia ( Ujedinjeni savez antifašističke omladine Jugoslavije - USAOJ). SKOJ became a part of the umbrella organization , but continued to act autonomously within it. In May 1946, USAOJ was renamed People's Youth of Yugoslavia ( Narodna omladina Jugoslavije - NOJ), and in 1948 SKOJ and NOJ were united into

884-599: The Croatian border crossing of Tovarnik, where the Croatian Vukovar-Syrmia County Care and Rescue teams as well as the Croatian Red Cross were on standby awaiting them. On September 17 at 3:30 AM, more than 5,000 individuals have arrived in Tovarnik. Since the number of refugees is rising and expected to peak at 20,000, it is likely that they will be moved to Zagreb Fair as planned. Interior Minister Ranko Ostojić said Croatia

936-583: The Croatian border with Serbia. Croatian Prime Minister Zoran Milanović said his country is ready to help refugees coming to Europe, insisting that people fleeing conflict should be given the right to remain in the EU. On 15 September 2015, first major waves of refugees from the Syrian Civil War crossed the Croatian border as it was a new main route after Hungary seals borders. On September 15, 2015, Hungary announced it would start arresting people crossing

988-785: The Kelmendi tribe to Syrmia, who were recorded as speaking Albanian as late as 1921. In 1745, the County of Syrmia was established as part of the Habsburgs' Kingdom of Slavonia . During the Austro-Turkish War (1788-1791), there were émigrés from Serbia who settled in Syrmia. In 1807, the Tican's Rebellion , a Syrmian peasant uprising, occurred on Ruma estate and in the village of Voganj in Ilok estate. In 1848, most of Syrmia

1040-529: The Kingdom of Hungary. On 29 October 1918, Syrmia became a part of the newly independent State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs . On 24 November 1918, the Assembly of Syrmia proclaimed the unification of Serb-populated parts of Syrmia with the Kingdom of Serbia . However, from 1 December 1918, all of Syrmia was made a part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes . From 1918 to 1922, Syrmia remained within

1092-426: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and from 1922 to 1929, Syrmia was a province ( oblast ). In 1929, after a new territorial division, Syrmia was divided between Danube Banovina and Drina Banovina , in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and in 1931, it was divided between Danube Banovina and Sava Banovina . In 1939, the western part of Syrmia was included into the newly formed Banovina of Croatia . In 1941, Syrmia

SECTION 20

#1732787017168

1144-673: The Kingdom of Yugoslavia Tovarnik war administratively part of Šid Srez firstly within the pre-Yugoslav the Syrmia County (up to 1922), the Syrmia Oblast (1922–1929), after that the Danube Banovina (1929–1939) and ultimately the Banovina of Croatia (1939-1941). During the World War II Tovarnik was a part of Independent State of Croatia , a puppet state led by the fascist Ustaša organization which at

1196-667: The Syrmia by the Ustashe and German Wehrmacht , it turned into a massacre by the Ustasha militia that left up to 7,000 Serbs dead. Among those killed was the prominent painter Sava Šumanović , who was arrested along with 150 residents of Šid . In 1945, with the creation of new borders, eastern Syrmia became part of the People's Republic of Serbia , while western Syrmia became part of the People's Republic of Croatia . In 1991, Croatia declared its independence from SFR Yugoslavia , and

1248-512: The body in the end. During the classical time the settlement called Ulmo existed at the place of modern-day Tovarnik in what was then Roman province Pannonia Secunda . The contemporary settlement was firstly mentioned in 1335. The village was known as Tabornik but the name was changed into Tovarnik by Eastern Orthodox settlers who moved into the village after the Ottoman conquest of the region. Catholic religious document from 1632 states that

1300-716: The border between the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina , a part of the Socialist Republic of Serbia , and Socialist Republic of Croatia were left unresolved by the Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia on 24 February 1945. In order to settle the matter, the federal authorities set up a five-member commission presided over by Milovan Đilas in June 1945. As one of disputed territories District of Šid

1352-481: The border consist of the Danube river, there is a 70 kilometers-long so-called "Green Border" near Tovarnik which at the time of the so-called crisis enabled the easier entrance for migrants and/or refugees from Serbia, especially ever since Hungary erected a fence on its border with Serbia . Parts of the Croatia-Serbia border are known minefields from the Croatian War of Independence period, which represent

1404-505: The border illegally, and as of early 16 September, Hungary had detained 519 people and pressed criminal charges against 46 for trespassing. Thousands of migrants were subsequently led to pursue alternative routes through Croatia from Serbia. After Hungary closed its border with Serbia on September 15, refugees headed towards the Serbian town of Šid , less than 10 kilometers from the Croatian border. Several buses filled with refugees arrived on

1456-400: The east and Valkó (Vukovar) in the west. In the 13th century, between 1282 and 1316, Syrmia was ruled by Stefan Dragutin of Serbia. Initially, Dragutin was a vassal of Hungary but later ruled independently. Dragutin died in 1316, and was succeeded by his son, Stefan Vladislav II (1316–1325). In 1324, Vladislav II was defeated by Stefan Uroš III Dečanski of Rascia . Lower Syrmia became

1508-406: The exception of Croatian and Serbian trucks traveling to one or the other state, to be removed from the D46 road and redirected to A3 motorway . The settlements of Ilača and Tovarnik comprise the Tovarnik municipality. Syrmia Syrmia ( Ekavian Serbo-Croatian : Srem / Срем or Ijekavian Srijem / Сријем ) is a region of the southern Pannonian Plain , which lies between

1560-407: The general land management project was completed enabling drained of a couple of curlers and subsequent agricultural use of the land. At the time of March 1991 Croatian census out of total 3001 inhabitants of Tovarnik there was 2136 (71,2%) Croats , 670 (22,3%) Serbs , 105 Yugoslavs and 90 members of other groups. During the Croatian War of Independence , Tovarnik was attacked and captured by

1612-559: The last of the titular Serbian despots in Syrmia, Stjepan Berislavić , moved to Slavonia , ahead of invading Ottoman forces. Another important local governor was Laurence of Ilok , Duke of Syrmia (1477 to 1524), who reigned over large parts of the region from Ilok . In 1521, parts of Syrmia fell to the Ottomans and by 1538, the entire region was under Ottoman control. Between 1527 and 1530, Radoslav Čelnik ruled Syrmia as an Ottoman vassal. The area of Ottoman administration in Syrmia

Tovarnik - Misplaced Pages Continue

1664-504: The local Serb authorities of the self-proclaimed Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia the region came under the direct administration of the United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium which lasted for two years between 1996 and the beginning of 1998. The village of Tovarnik is located next to the border with Serbia . While nearly 80% of

1716-497: The local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs. At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Serbs of Croatia fulfilled legal requirements to elect 10 members minority councils of the Tovarnik Municipality with Serb community electing only 6 members to

1768-615: The most serious violation of human rights including the Lovas killings , the Tovarnik massacre , the Vukovar massacre and other crimes . The autonomous regions lasted until 1995, when it was reintegrated in Croatia . After the war, a number of towns and municipalities in the Croatian part of Syrmia were designated Areas of Special State Concern . In 2002, the population of Syrmia in Serbia

1820-703: The municipality of Bačka Palanka , the main part of which is in Bačka . Several settlements that are part of the municipality of Sremska Mitrovica are located in Syrmia in Mačva . Municipalities and villages in Croatian Syrmia: Syrmia's principal mountain is Fruška Gora . Its highest peak is Crveni Čot at 539 m. 45°10′12″N 19°17′17″E  /  45.170°N 19.288°E  / 45.170; 19.288 League of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia The League of Socialist Youth of Yugoslavia (SSOJ)

1872-776: The region in Serbia and Croatia respectively. Other names for the region include: Between 3000 BC and 2400 BC, Syrmia was at the centre of Indo-European Vučedol culture . Sirmium was conquered by Romans in the first century BC and became the economic and political capital of Pannonia . In 6 AD, there was an uprising of the indigenous peoples against Roman rule. However, ten later Roman Emperors were born in Sirmium or nearby. They included Herennius Etruscus (227–251), Hostilian (230?–251), Decius Traian (249–251), Claudius II (268–270), Quintillus (270), Aurelian (270–275), Probus (276-282), Maximianus Herculius (285–310), Constantius II (337–361) and Gratian (367–383). In

1924-483: The rest of country. With pronounced issue of population decline in eastern Croatia caused by population ageing , effects of the Croatian War of Independence and emigration after the accession of Croatia to the European Union , the population of the municipality dropped to 2,067 residents at the time of 2021 census. Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for

1976-958: The subject of dispute between the Kingdoms of Rascia and Hungary. In 1404, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor ceded part of Syrmia to Stefan Lazarević of Serbia. From 1459, the Hungarian kings endorsed the House of Branković and later, the Berislavići Grabarski family as the titular heads of the Serbian Despotate of which Syrmia was a part. They resided in Kupinik (modern Kupinovo). The local rulers included Vuk Grgurević (1471 to 1485); Đorđe Branković (1486 to 1496), Jovan Branković (1496 to 1502), Ivaniš Berislavić (1504 to 1514), and Stjepan Berislavić (1520 to 1535). In 1522,

2028-636: The time ruled the entire Syrmia region and implemented genocide of Serbs on its territory . The historical Serb village of Ivanci, which was located south of Ilača , was completely destroyed on 30 November 1943 while 73 inhabitants were murdered in half an hour by Nazi German forces. The village of Ivanci was center of the Yugoslav Partisans in Syrmia with established local branches of Women's Antifascist Front of Yugoslavia and League of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia . Surviving villagers found rescue in Šidski Banovci , Tovarnik and Ilača. After

2080-615: The town of Šid . The village is connected with the rest of the country by the D46 state road connecting it with the town of Vinkovci and continuing into Serbia as the State Road 120 to the nearest town of Šid . Tovarnik municipality has a moderately warm and rainy continental climate as defined by the Köppen climate classification . Due to the influence of continentality temperature differences within one year are more pronounced than in

2132-421: The village is inhabited not only by Catholic population but by Turks and Orthodox who altogether live in 30 houses on the road which connects Belgrade and Istanbul with Budapest . On 28 March 1737 the village was purchased by the House of Eltz . The local school was opened in 1758, post office in 1826 and the Tovarnik railway station in 1890. In 1894 local Croat Reading House was established as well. Within

Tovarnik - Misplaced Pages Continue

2184-526: Was 790,697. 668,745 (84.58%) were Serb . In 2001, the population of the Croatian Vukovar-Srijem county was 204,768. The census showed that Croats made up 78.3% of total population, Serbs 15.5%, Hungarians 1%, Rusyns 0.9% and others. The majority of Syrmia is located in the Srem district of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in Serbia . A smaller area around Novi Sad is part of

2236-399: Was an influential organization among revolutionary youth in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia , and consequently became a major organizer of Partisan resistance to Axis occupation and local Quisling forces. After World War II , SKOJ became a part of a wider organization of Yugoslav youth, the People's Youth of Yugoslavia , which later became the League of Socialist Youth of Yugoslavia. SKOJ

2288-653: Was captured and killed by Constantine Diogenes . A new but ultimately short lived area of governance named the Thema of Sirmium was established. It included the region of Syrmia and what is now Mačva . In 1071, Hungarians took over the region of Syrmia, but the Byzantine Empire reconquered the province after the victory over the Hungarians in the Battle of Syrmia (1167) . Byzantine rule ended in 1180, when Syrmia

2340-510: Was desirable for those wishing to pursue higher education and a career in public service, and typically began after children completed their time in the Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia at around 14 or 15 years of age. Similarly to the party itself, the SSOJ was decentralized and each Republic of Yugoslavia had a branch of its own. It was one of the five main government sanctioned socio-political organizations of Yugoslavia and sent its own delegates to

2392-503: Was founded in Zagreb on October 10, 1919 as a political organization of revolutionary youth the youth which followed the policy of the communist Socialist Workers' Party of Yugoslavia . Regional committees were originally established but they were abolished in 1920. In 1921, the organization was banned together with the party, which had in the meantime been renamed Communist Party of Yugoslavia. Two congresses were held clandestinely during

2444-401: Was identified. Commission concluded that District of Šid, with Tovarnik as a part of it at the time, shall become a part of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina . Commission's demarcation was partially changed in several instances including in the case of District of Šid where Tovarnik, Ilača and Šidski Banovci were subsequently transferred to the Socialist Republic of Croatia . In 1960-1962

2496-776: Was known as the Sanjak of Syrmia . In 1699, the Habsburg monarchy took western Syrmia from the Ottomans as part of the Treaty of Karlowitz . Until the Treaty of Passarowitz at the end of the Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18 , remainder of Syrmia was part of the Habsburg Military Frontier . At the end of the Austro-Russian-Turkish War of 1735–1739, there was a migration of Albanians from

2548-402: Was occupied by the World War II Axis powers and its entire territory was ceded to the Independent State of Croatia , a Nazi puppet state . The fascist Ustashe regime systematically murdered Serbs (as part of the Genocide of the Serbs ), Jews ( The Holocaust ), Roma ( The Porajmos ), and some political dissidents. In August 1942, following the joint military anti-partisan operation in

2600-428: Was part of the temporary Serbian Voivodship , a Serb autonomous region within the Austrian Empire. By a 1849 decree of the Emperor Franz Joseph , the Voivodship of Serbia and Tamiš Banat was created, comprising Northern Syrmia, including Ilok and Ruma. After 1860, the County of Syrmia was re-established and returned to the Kingdom of Slavonia . In 1868, the Kingdom of Slavonia became part of Croatia-Slavonia in

2652-407: Was taken again by the Hungarians. In the 13th century, the region was controlled by the Kingdom of Hungary . On 3 March 1229, the acquisition of Syrmia was confirmed by Papal bull . Pope Gregory IX wrote, "[Margaretha] soror…regis Ungarie [acquired] terram…ulterior Sirmia". In 1231, The Duke of Syrmia was Giletus . In the 1200s, the territory around Syrmia was divided into two counties: Syrmia in

SECTION 50

#1732787017168

2704-455: Was the youth movement, member organisation of the Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia (SSRNJ). Membership stood at more than 3.6 million individuals in 1983. It was originally established as the League of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia (SKOJ) on 10 October 1919 and retained that name until 1948. Although it was banned just two years after its establishment and at times ruthlessly prosecuted, it continued to work clandestinely and

#167832