The Toyota Belta ( Japanese : トヨタ・ベルタ , Hepburn : Toyota Beruta ) , marketed as the Vios in selected Asian markets and elsewhere as the Yaris sedan , is a subcompact sedan manufactured by Toyota .
100-663: The successor to the Platz , the Belta has increased in size over the previous generation such that its interior volume is comparable to the E120 series Corolla . The Belta went on sale in Japan on 28 November 2005 equipped with 1.0 to 1.3 L engines and was available at Toyopet Store dealerships. Export sales began in early 2006, with most markets receiving a 1.5 L 1NZ-FE engine as standard fitment. The smaller 1.3 L 2NZ-FE engine
200-407: A "Sportivo" variant based on the E grade, consisting of a TRD sports kit and 15” TRD multi-spoke alloy rims. Trims were also split into LX Classic and LX Elegance for the J and E variants. These were offered as a cost effective measure for customers who wanted the variant in base form or with extras such as leather seats, piano black interior trims and solar film. In 2013, only the E grade remained in
300-429: A clutchless manual , is a type of multi-speed automobile transmission system that is closely based on the mechanical design of a conventional manual transmission , and automates either the clutch system, the gear shifting, or both simultaneously, requiring partial, or no driver input or involvement. Earlier versions of these transmissions that are semi-automatic in operation, such as Autostick , control only
400-419: A planetary (epicyclic) gearset , hydraulic controls , and a torque converter . Other types of automatic transmissions include continuously variable transmissions (CVT), automated manual transmissions (AMT), and dual-clutch transmissions (DCT). The 1904 Sturtevant "horseless carriage gearbox" is often considered to be the first true automatic transmission. The first mass-produced automatic transmission
500-450: A 1.3-liter engine for the G trim was released, and it was mated to a 4-speed automatic transmission, then later a 5-speed manual transmission equipped with fog lights and 15-inch alloy wheels. Three new trims were also available from 2012, a trim higher than G trim called the 1.5 G SE Limited, a trim between the J and E trims called the 1.3 J Limited which added fog lights, 15-inch alloy wheels, front passenger airbag and more colors option from
600-476: A 4-speed automatic gearbox. The 2010 edition of Monash University 's Used Car Safety Ratings (UCSR), found that the XP10 provides a "poor" (two out of five stars) level of occupant safety protection in the event of an accident. Automatic transmission An automatic transmission (sometimes abbreviated AT ) is a multi-speed transmission used in motor vehicles that does not require any input from
700-493: A 5-speed manual transmission, the G trim also with a 4-speed automatic transmission. The 1.5 G XX Limited was released in July 2008. This is the same as the G trim, but came with HID headlights, 17-inch 10-spoke alloy wheels and a small rubber spoiler . The 1.5 S also got this spoiler and different 17-inch Rota Bolognia Mags with 205/45 tires. The G XX Limited and S trims were released in different colour schemes. A facelifted model
800-508: A constant angular velocity while the vehicle moves at varying speeds. CVTs are used in cars , tractors , UTVs , motor scooters , snowmobiles , and earthmoving equipment . The most common type of CVT uses two pulleys connected by a belt or chain , however, several other designs have also been used. A dual-clutch transmission (DCT, sometimes referred to as a twin-clutch transmission , or double-clutch transmission ) uses two separate clutches for odd and even gear sets . The design
900-496: A dark grey/black trim treatment and an Optitron meter with a multi-information display, as opposed to the E and G trims' conventional backlit display. The S trim was the most expensive Vios variant. On 17 June 2009, UMW Toyota launched the Vios 1.5 TRD Sportivo which effectively replaced the S trim. It featured a body kit, Enkei wheels, various interior trim improvements and an optional sports suspension kit. On 15 April 2010,
1000-691: A driver's airbag in its 2010 facelift and a front passenger airbag in its 2012 update. The Malaysian Vios was assembled locally by ASSB, a subsidiary of UMW Toyota, in Shah Alam , Selangor . The Vios has since become the best selling non-national badged vehicle in Malaysia, achieving record sales in 2012. In the Philippines, the second generation Vios was launched in August 2007 in 3 trim levels: 1.3 J, 1.3 E and 1.5 G. All trim levels were available with
1100-479: A form of manual transmission which removed the reliance on the driver's skill to achieve smooth gear shifts. The first automatic transmission using hydraulic fluid was developed in 1932 by two Brazilian engineers, José Braz Araripe and Fernando Lehly Lemos. The evolution towards mass-produced automatic transmissions continued with the 1933–1935 REO Motor Car Company Self-Shifter semi-automatic transmission, which automatically shifted between two forward gears in
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#17327916701771200-538: A gearbox, operated manually or automatically, to drive the wheels over a wide range of speeds. Globally, 43% of new cars produced in 2015 were manual transmissions, falling to 37% by 2020. Automatic transmissions have long been prevalent in the United States, but only started to become common in Europe much later. In Europe in 1997, only 10–12% of cars had automatic transmissions. In 1957 over 80% of new cars in
1300-674: A leather-wrapped steering wheel/shift knob and satellite radio. Toyota Platz The Toyota Platz ( Japanese:トヨタ・プラッツ , Toyota Purattsu ) is a subcompact car that was manufactured in Japan by Toyota from 1999 until 2005, when it was replaced by the Belta . Designated by Toyota as the XP10 series, the Platz was also sold in export markets as either the Toyota Yaris or Toyota Echo . The "Yaris" and "Echo" names were also given to
1400-413: A manual transmission. The 1904 Sturtevant "horseless carriage gearbox" is often considered to be the first automatic transmission for motor vehicles. At higher engine speeds, high gear was engaged. As the vehicle slowed down and engine speed decreased, the gearbox would shift back to low. However, the transmission was prone to sudden failure, due to the transmission being unable to withstand forces from
1500-448: A multi-functional steering wheel, 15-inch sports alloy wheels front and rear fog lamps, side moulding, a blue "Optitron" panel with a multi-information display and 60:40 fold-down rear seats. The G Limited trim includes a keyless and smart entry with TDS, a Start/Stop push button, an immobilizer key and a body kit to the exterior. The limited edition S Limited trim features a "Wrap-Around Aeropart" body kit, an orange "Optitron" panel with
1600-412: A multi-information display, high intensity discharge headlamps with automatic height adjustment and all-wheel disc brakes. Audio systems in all second generation Vios trim levels are equipped with ASL (Auto-Speed Sound Levelizer), which detects and compensates for changes in external noise levels, adjusting volume and tone controls automatically based on the car's speed. Toyota Thailand has also exported
1700-400: A patent was approved in the United States describing the operation of a transmission where the manual shifting of gears and manual operation of a clutch was eliminated. This patent was submitted by Henry R. Hoffman from Chicago and was titled: Automatic Gear Shift and Speed Control . The patent described the workings of such a transmission as "...having a series of clutches disposed intermediate
1800-448: A separate transmission control unit . This allows for more precise control of shift points, shift quality, lower shift times and manual control. The first five-speed automatic was the ZF 5HP18 transmission , debuting in 1991 on various BMW models. The first six-speed automatic was the ZF 6HP26 transmission , which debuted in the 2002 BMW 7 Series (E65) . The first seven-speed automatic was
1900-623: Is also available exclusively for this market. Mainland China Vios trim levels include: Lifan made a copy of Vios with different front and rear fascia and marketed as the 530 . It was also rebadged and sold in Ghana as Kantanka Amoanimaa. The second generation Vios (and Limo) was officially launched to the Indonesian market in April 2007, imported from Thailand. The sedan was marketed with backronym "Very Intelligent, Outstanding Sedan!". Like
2000-498: Is also received rear parking sensors. In addition to the regular trim levels, there was also a TRD Sportivo model based on the G trim which adds an all-round body kit to the exterior and comes fitted with an AV DVD player and navigational capabilities. Meanwhile, the Limo did not receive any improvement. According to Association of Indonesian Automotive Industries (GAIKINDO), roughly 63.000 units (62% for Limo and 38% for Vios) were sold in
2100-577: Is attributed to the increasing number of electric and hybrid cars, and the ease of integrating it with safety systems such as Autonomous Emergency Braking . The efficiency, power output as a percentage of input, of conventional automatic transmissions ranges from 86 to 94%. Manual transmissions are more fuel efficient than all but the newest automatic transmissions due to their inherently low parasitic losses, typically of about 4%, in addition to being cheaper to make, lighter, better performing, and of simpler mechanical design. However, manual transmissions have
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#17327916701772200-671: Is being based on the US-market Yaris S with power and all-weather guard packages, but with standard 14-inch (360 mm) wheels. The regular CE, LE and RS trims used in the Canadian Yaris hatchback are replaced in the Yaris sedan by option packages of B , C , D or Aero types. The B adds 15-inch (380 mm) all-season tires, chrome trim on the decklid, front and rear splash guards, colour-keyed door handles, blacked-out side window frames, keyless entry and power door locks;
2300-521: Is connected to the engine via a torque converter (or a fluid coupling prior to the 1960s), instead of the friction clutch used by most manual transmissions . A hydraulic automatic transmission uses planetary gearsets instead of the manual transmission's design of gears lined up along input, output and intermediate shafts. To change gears, the hydraulic automatic uses a combination of internal clutches, friction bands or brake packs. These devices are used to lock certain gears, thus setting which gear ratio
2400-404: Is in use at a given time. A sprag clutch (a ratchet-like device which can freewheel and transmits torque in only one direction) is often used for routine gear shifts. The advantage of a sprag clutch is that it eliminates the sensitivity of timing a simultaneous clutch release/apply on two planetary gearsets, simply "taking up" the drivetrain load when actuated, and releasing automatically when
2500-452: Is integrated into the engine control unit (ECU). Modern designs have replaced the centrifugal governor with an electronic speed sensor that is used as an input to the TCU or ECU. Modern transmissions also factor in the amount of load on an engine at any given time, which is determined from either the throttle position or the amount of intake manifold vacuum. The multitude of parts, along with
2600-457: Is not possible to push start a vehicle equipped with an automatic transmission with no rear pump (aside from several automatics built prior to 1970, which also included a rear pump for towing and push-starting purposes). The pressure of the ATF is regulated by a governor connected to the output shaft, which varies the pressure depending on the vehicle speed. The valve body inside the transmission
2700-513: Is often similar to two separate manual transmissions with their respective clutches contained within one housing, and working as one unit. In most car and truck applications, the DCT functions as an automatic transmission, requiring no driver input to change gears. The first DCT to reach production was the Easidrive automatic transmission introduced on the 1961 Hillman Minx mid-size car. This
2800-450: Is pressurized by a pump and then directed to the appropriate bands/clutches to obtain the required gear ratio. The ATF provides lubrication, corrosion prevention, and a hydraulic medium to transmit the power required to operate the transmission. Made from petroleum with various refinements and additives, ATF is one of the few parts of the automatic transmission that needs routine service as the vehicle ages. The main pump which pressurises
2900-403: Is responsible for directing hydraulic pressure to the appropriate bands and clutches. It receives pressurized fluid from the main pump and consists of several spring-loaded valves, check balls, and servo pistons. In older automatic transmissions, the valves use the pump pressure and the pressure from a centrifugal governor on the output side (as well as other inputs, such as throttle position or
3000-805: Is shared between the two, and although both have a similar centralized dashboard design (Toyota's efforts to standardize the design for all markets, left or right hand drive at the time) there are some cosmetic differences. It has a drag coefficient of C d =0.29, marginally more aerodynamic than its hatchback counterpart. The closest rival of Belta in the Japanese market was the Honda Fit hatchback-based Fit Aria sedan, which also offered with 1.3 L engine option. Nissan Tiida Latio and Suzuki SX4 sedan could be considered as Belta's competitors, according to Japanese's small passenger vehicle class (5xx license plate) and within ¥1.800.000 price range. For
3100-522: Is the General Motors Hydramatic four-speed hydraulic automatic, which was introduced in 1939. Automatic transmissions are also found in some heavy commercial vehicles, particularly those which are subject to intense stop/start operation such as buses and waste collection vehicles . Vehicles with internal combustion engines, unlike electric vehicles, require the engine to operate in a narrow range of rates of rotation, requiring
Toyota Belta - Misplaced Pages Continue
3200-649: Is the basic trim level of the second generation Vios, offering a CD/MP3/WMA player with four speakers, an optional keyless entry with TVSS, ABS/EBD/BA, 15-inch steel wheels with hubcaps, rear fog lamps and interior fabric with dark grey colour seat. The E is a mid-level trim featuring a keyless entry with TDS, an option between dark grey or ivory-coloured seat fabrics, optional driver and front passenger SRS airbags, front and rear fog lamps, 15-inch sports alloy wheels and side moulding. The G trim features an unchangeable 6 speaker CD/MP3/WMA player, leather seating in either dark grey or ivory, driver and front passenger SRS airbags,
3300-493: The C adds ABS , air conditioning, power windows, colour-keyed mirrors and power mirrors; the D adds both side and side-curtain airbags; the Aero adds alloy wheels, wheel locks, a rear spoiler and a body kit. The Aero, however, has neither air conditioning nor side airbags. The Canadian model lacks the two-tone interior, pseudo-metallic trim on the door panels and the new audio system controls (instead it uses an old design) found on
3400-633: The Mercedes-Benz 7G-Tronic transmission , which debuted a year later. In 2007, the first eight-speed transmission to reach production was the Toyota AA80E transmission . The first nine-speed and ten-speed transmissions were the 2013 ZF 9HP transmission and 2017 Toyota Direct Shift-10A (used in the Lexus LC ) respectively. The gear selector is the input by which the driver selects the operating mode of an automatic transmission. Traditionally
3500-475: The clutch system automatically — and use different forms of actuation (usually via an actuator or servo ) to automate the clutch, but still require the driver's input and full control to manually actuate gear changes by hand. Modern versions of these systems that are fully automatic in operation, such as Selespeed and Easytronic , require no driver input over gear changes or clutch operation. Semi-automatic versions require only partial driver input (i.e.,
3600-506: The fifth generation City , with appearance changes without significant mechanical improvements. All model grades included ABS with EBD and BA at the October 2007 launch, but the E trim was only offered with a single driver's airbag, whereas the G and S trims had an additional passenger airbag. The J trim had no airbags at all upon its July 2008 launch, but was nonetheless offered with ABS + EBD and BA. The J trim later received
3700-617: The ist and bB , sold in the United States as the Scion xA and xB respectively, and the JDM -only WiLL Vi . The same platform is the base for the JDM-only Probox and Succeed wagons. In the United States, the Echo sold almost 50,000 units in its first year, with just half that many in 2003. The Echo was an element of Toyota Project Genesis , a failed effort to bring younger buyers to
3800-654: The "Forward" mode (or between two shorter gear ratios in the "Emergency low" mode). Driver involvement was still required during normal driving, since standing starts required the driver to use the clutch pedal. This was followed in 1937 by the Oldsmobile Automatic Safety Transmission . Similar in operation to the REO Self-Shifter , the Automatic Safety Transmission shifted automatically between
3900-424: The 1980s, automatic transmissions with four gear ratios became increasingly common, and many were equipped with lock-up torque convertors in order to improve fuel economy. Electronics began to be more commonly used to control the transmission, replacing mechanical control methods such as spring-loaded valves in the valve body. Most systems use solenoids which are controlled by either the engine control unit , or
4000-406: The 1990s, systems to manually request a specific gear or an upshift/downshift have become more common. These manumatic transmissions offer the driver greater control over the gear selection that the traditional modes to restrict the transmission to the lower gears. Use of the manumatic functions are typically achieved either via paddles located beside the steering column, or "+" and "-" controls on
4100-471: The 71 PS (52 kW; 70 hp) 1.0 L 1KR-FE straight-three engine (KSP92) and two variants of the 1.3 L inline-four engines , 2NZ-FE (NCP96) or 2SZ-FE (SCP92), both rated at 87 PS (64 kW; 86 hp). The 1KR-FE and 2SZ-FE engines comes with Super CVT-i transmission and not available elsewhere, while the 2NZ-FE engine has a 4-speed Super ECT transmission and only available with AWD system as standard. The sedan
Toyota Belta - Misplaced Pages Continue
4200-425: The ATF is typically a gear pump mounted between the torque converter and the planetary gear set. The input for the main pump is connected to the torque converter housing, which in turn is bolted to the engine's flexplate, so the pump provides pressure whenever the engine is running. A disadvantage of this arrangement is that there is no oil pressure to operate the transmission when the engine is not running, therefore it
4300-950: The Belta was still produced in Japan for export to Australia until it was discontinued in June 2016. For the Asian market, the XP150 series Vios replaced the XP90 model in March 2013 as the sedan counterpart to the XP150 series Yaris hatchback. The "Belta" nameplate was revived in November 2021 for the rebadged Suzuki Ciaz sold in Africa. The name "Belta" is a contraction of the Italian words " bella gente ", or "beautiful people". The XP90 series Vitz and Belta share underpinnings with each other including
4400-534: The Corvair. Most cars use a "P–R–N–D–L" layout for the gear selector, which consists of the following positions: Some automatic transmissions, especially by General Motors from 1940 to 1964, used a layout with reverse as the bottom position (e.g. N–D–L–R or P–N–D–L–R). Many transmissions also include positions to restrict the gear selection to the lower gears and engages the engine brake . These positions are often labelled "L" (low gear), "S" (second gear) or
4500-412: The E trim, and a trim lower than the J trim called the 1.3 Base, which came only in a 5-speed manual transmission. In 2013, the 1.5 TRD Sportivo trim was released. During its entire period on the market, the second generation Vios was the best selling car in the Philippines helping Toyota to maintain its status as the best selling brand in the country. In Singapore, the Vios was sold in the base model J,
4600-616: The Hydra-Matic included a wide spread of ratios (allowing both good acceleration in first gear and cruising at low engine speed in top gear) and the fluid coupling handling only a portion of the engine's torque in the top two gears (increasing fuel economy in those gears, similar to a lock-up torque converter). Use of the Hydra-Matic spread to other General Motors brands and then to other manufacturers starting 1948 including Hudson , Lincoln , Kaiser , Nash , Holden (Australia), as well as Rolls-Royce and Bentley licensing production in
4700-449: The Japanese and American models. The 2007 Yaris sedan received EPA fuel economy ratings of 40 mpg ‑US (17.0 km/L) on the highway and 34 mpg ‑US (14.5 km/L) in the city, with a fuel capacity of 42 L (11.1 US gal). However, because the EPA changed the way they calculate fuel economy, ratings were revised for the 2008 model year and the Yaris
4800-592: The Japanese and rest of the world, the Belta/Yaris sedan were manufactured in Japan. While the Vios was manufactured in China and Southeast Asia. For most Asian markets (except Japan), the Belta was sold as the second generation Vios which was built and assembled in China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. The Belta was also sold in Middle East as the Yaris sedan. As was the first generation Vios,
4900-648: The Platz was marketed as the Xiali 2000 from December 2000 to March 2004. The car was then lightly facelifted and renamed as the Xiali Vela, which sold from March 2004 to 2012. It came with the 1.3-litre 8A-FE, 1.5-litre 5A-FE or a 1.6-litre Chinese-made engine known as the CA4GB2. A five-speed manual gearbox was standard on all models. From 2002 to 2003, a limited edition model was sold the Xiali Yaku and available with
5000-578: The UK and providing the transmission to Jensen Motors , Armstrong Siddeley and other UK manufacturers. During World War II, the Hydra-Matic was used in some military vehicles. The first automatic transmission to use a torque converter (instead of a fluid coupling) was the Buick Dynaflow , which was introduced for the 1948 model year. In normal driving, the Dynaflow used only the top gear, relying on
5100-672: The United States had automatic transmissions. Automatic transmissions have been standard in large cars since at least 1974. By 2020 only 2.4% of new cars had manual transmissions. Historically, automatic transmissions were less efficient, but lower fuel prices in the US made this less of a problem than in Europe. In the United Kingdom, a majority of new cars have had automatic transmissions since 2020. Several manufacturers including Mercedes and Volvo no longer sell cars with manual transmissions. The growing prevalence of automatic transmissions
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#17327916701775200-444: The Vios received a facelift in Malaysia, offering mostly cosmetic improvements. The Vios TRD Sportivo was updated on 29 June 2011, featuring a redesigned grille, unique alloy wheels and leather seats. Another new grade positioned between G and TRD Sportivo called the G Limited was also introduced offering a body kit , 15-inch alloy wheels and leather seats. The Vios was updated on 21 June 2012 in response to Honda Malaysia's facelift of
5300-614: The Vios to the Middle East, Australia and South Africa, where it was sold as the Yaris. The second generation Vios has been campaigned in One Make Races in Bangkok . The Belta went on sale in North America in March 2006 for the 2007 model year, being badged as the Yaris sedan, since these markets use the Yaris nameplate for the 3-door (last model year of availability there was 2008) and 5-door Vitz hatchbacks, also known as
5400-495: The Yaris 3-door and Yaris 5-door "liftback", respectively. In the United States, the Yaris sedan is available with modular convenience, power, and all-weather guard packages, contrasting with the global Belta's conventional trim levels. However, the Yaris sedan was also available as the Yaris S, which has standard convenience and appearance packages fitted as standard. The power package on the Yaris sedan offers alloy wheels as an option. Side airbags were optional. The Canadian version
5500-429: The abrupt gear changes. The adoption of planetary gearsets was a significant advance towards the modern automatic transmission. One of the first transmissions to use this design was the manual transmission fitted to the 1901–1904 Wilson-Pilcher automobile. This transmission was built in the United Kingdom and used two epicyclic gears to provide four gear ratios. A foot clutch was used for standing starts, gear selection
5600-506: The automatic transmission model and chrome ornament on the trunk. The facelifted model was introduced in April 2010 and followed the same exterior appearance as the Southeast Asian and Chinese market. The interior is also slightly changed with additional automatic door lock and new flat-bottom style steering wheel as standard, while the G trim received additional chrome gate shift and back seat with armrest with cup holder. The E trim
5700-541: The automatic transmission model. For the interior, both the Limo and E trims has full black interior color and additional power windows, power door and windows lock, fabric seat upholstery and door trim as standard for the latter. Meanwhile, the G trim has two tone black and beige colors combination plus additional leather wrapped steering wheel, audio control on the steering wheel, start/stop button for automatic transmission model, blue-colored optitron instrument cluster with multi-information display and 60:40 split back seat. For
5800-401: The complex design of the valve body, originally made hydraulic automatic transmissions much more expensive and time-consuming to build and repair than manual transmissions; however mass-production and developments over time have reduced this cost gap. To provide coupling and decoupling of the engine, a modern automatic transmission uses a torque converter instead of the friction clutch used in
5900-529: The country. The second generation Vios was unveiled in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia on 5 October 2007, two weeks ahead of its official launch on 19 October 2007. The Vios is powered exclusively by the 1NZ-FE 1.5 L four-cylinder engine with VVT-i , which included a redesigned air intake and exhaust system to improve low to mid-range torque. It was also fitted with the Super ECT four-speed automatic with
6000-403: The disadvantage of requiring the driver to operate the clutch and change the gear whenever required. Fuel economy of course worsens with lower efficiency. Real-world tests reported in 2022 found that in typical driving manual transmissions achieved 2 to 5% better fuel economy than automatics, increasing to 20% with an expert driver. Some laboratory tests show automatics in a better light due to
6100-446: The driver locking out the higher gears) to control which ratio is selected. As the vehicle and engine change speed, the difference between the pressures changes, causing different sets of valves to open and close. In more recent automatic transmissions, the valves are controlled by solenoids . These solenoids are computer-controlled, with the gear selection decided by a dedicated transmission control unit (TCU) or sometimes this function
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#17327916701776200-402: The driver must change gears manually), while fully automatic versions require no manual driver input, whatsoever ( TCU or ECU operates both the clutch system and gear shifts automatically). Modern automated manual transmissions (AMT) have their roots and origins in older clutchless manual transmissions that began to appear on mass-production automobiles in the early 1930s and 1940s, prior to
6300-408: The driver to change forward gears under normal driving conditions. Vehicles with internal combustion engines , unlike electric vehicles , require the engine to operate in a narrow range of rates of rotation, requiring a gearbox , operated manually or automatically, to drive the wheels over a wide range of speeds. The most common type of automatic transmission is the hydraulic automatic , which uses
6400-487: The drivetrain and platform. However, while the Vitz was designed at Toyota's French design studio ( Toyota ED² ), the Belta was designed at Toyota's Japanese design studio (TMC Design Division) — design projects for similar cars marketed toward different demographics. While the outgoing XP10 series Vitz and Platz models look and feel very much alike, the newer Vitz hatchback and Belta sedan are more subtly related. No sheetmetal
6500-411: The engine shaft and the differential shaft and in which the clutches are arranged to selectively engage and drive the differential shaft dependent upon the speed at which the differential shaft rotates". However, it would be over a decade later until automatic transmissions were produced in significant quantities. In the meantime, several European and British manufacturers would use preselector gearboxes ,
6600-531: The export version of the related Japanese market Vitz hatchback, from which the Platz derives. In Japan, it was available at the Toyopet Store and the Netz Toyota Store dealerships. The name "Platz" is German for "space" (as defined by "the interior room is spacious"). Only straight-four engines were fitted to the Platz, which was sold in Japan as a four-door sedan only. A coupé version
6700-502: The exterior was updated with new honeycomb grille, new mirror wings with blinker and redesign hubcaps. For the interior, the instrument cluster and seat upholstery were redesigned, the driver's seat was also equipped with heater for the G trim. The sporty "S Package" was also abolished (although it was still available as dealer optional accessories for every trim) and being replaced by luxury "L Package" (added some equipment from G trim such as driver's heated seat, automatic AC etc.). The sedan
6800-492: The exterior, the Limo can be distinguished by the use of 14-inch steel wheels, blinkers on the front fender, the lack of third stop light and unpainted door handles and trunk ornament. The middle E trim received V-shaped ornament on the front grille, side body moulding, blinkers on wing mirrors, body colored trunk ornament and 14-inch alloy wheels. The top of the line G trim added the front and rear fog lamps, auto-leveling HID headlamps, 15-inch alloy wheels, keyless entry button for
6900-591: The first mass-produced automatic transmission following its introduction in 1939 (1940 model year). Available as an option in cars such as the Oldsmobile Series 60 and Cadillac Sixty Special , the Hydra-Matic combined a fluid coupling with three hydraulically controlled planetary gearsets to produce four forward speeds plus reverse. The transmission was sensitive to engine throttle position and road speed, producing fully automatic up- and down-shifting that varied according to operating conditions. Features of
7000-609: The front passenger and side moulding. There is another variant of the E trim known as the Elegance that includes leather seats and fog lights. The G trim is the top-of-the-line version available in Singapore and comes with an automatic transmission. The G trim adds optitron meters with multi-information display, four-wheel disc brakes, and 60:40 split foldable rear seats. Optional "Sport" and “Racing” bodykit were offered in late 2008 featuring aftermarket alloy wheels, red stitching on
7100-433: The gear selector is located between the two front seats or on the steering column, however electronic rotary dials and push-buttons have also been occasionally used since the 1980s, as well as push buttons having been used in the 1950s and 1960s by Rambler (automobile) , Edsel , and most famously, by Chrysler . A few automobiles employed a lever on the instrument panel, such as the 1955 Chrysler Corporation cars, and notably,
7200-401: The gear selector. Some cars offer drivers both methods to request a manual gear selection. A continuously variable transmission (CVT) can change seamlessly through a continuous (infinite) range of gear ratios, compared with other automatic transmissions that provide a limited number of gear ratios in fixed steps. The flexibility of a CVT with suitable control may allow the engine to operate at
7300-406: The introduction of hydraulic automatic transmissions. These systems were designed to reduce the amount of clutch or gear shifter usage required by the driver. These devices were intended to reduce the difficulty of operating conventional unsynchronised manual transmissions ("crash gearboxes") that were commonly used at the time, especially in stop-start driving. An early example of this transmission
7400-484: The leather seats and floor mats, gear knob, brushed studded pedals and badging to denote these models in its special run. These were available as optional extras by the Toyota dealership in Singapore (Borneo Motors). With the facelift in 2011, three colours were added – Grey Metallic (1G3), Attitude Black Mica (211) and Blackish Red Mica (3R0) – to make 7 colours in total. In December 2012, Borneo Motors (Singapore) introduced
7500-582: The lineup for the Vios. Thailand, which currently manufactures the Vios, was offered in three trim levels (J, E and G), as well as two limited edition trim levels (G Limited and S Limited). Thailand was currently the only country that offers all existing grades of the Vios, while export markets are only given a fraction of the Thai range in varying combinations. In addition, certainly the range of equipment in Thai Vios' differs from those in export versions. The J
7600-471: The marque in the United States. The Echo sold in high volumes in Canada, where Toyota also offered the three- and five-door hatchback versions of the Vitz badged as the Echo beginning with the 2004 model year to replace the Echo coupé (which was dropped after 2003). The coupé remained on sale in the United States until the 2005 model year along with the sedan, while the hatchback variants were never sold there. It
7700-535: The mid-level E and the top-of-the-line G trim levels, and later the TRD Sportivo model. The J trim is the lowest version and comes standard with a CD/MP3/WMA player with 4 speakers, keyless entry, ABS/EBD/BA (on front disc brakes only), driver-only SRS airbag and interior fabric with dark grey colour seats. The E trim is the only manual variant after the local dealer discontinued the manual J variant in Singapore. The E Classic includes an additional SRS airbag for
7800-443: The next gear's sprag clutch assumes the torque transfer. The friction bands are often used for manually selected gears (such as low range or reverse) and operate on the planetary drum's circumference. Bands are not applied when the drive/overdrive range is selected, the torque being transmitted by the sprag clutches instead. The aforementioned friction bands and clutches are controlled using automatic transmission fluid (ATF), which
7900-681: The number of the highest gear used in that position (eg 3, 2 or 1). If these positions are engaged at a time when it would result in excessive engine speed, many modern transmissions disregard the selector position and remain in the higher gear. In descending order of the highest gear available: Many modern transmissions include modes to adjust the shift logic to prefer either power or fuel economy . "Sport" (also called "Power" or "Performance") modes cause gear shifts to occur at higher engine speeds, allowing higher acceleration. "Economy" (also called "Eco" or "Comfort") modes cause gear shifts to occur at lower engine speeds to reduce fuel consumption. Since
8000-757: The outgoing NCP42, the NCP93 Vios was offered in Limo (exclusively for taxi fleet), E and G trim levels and powered by the same 1.5-liter 1NZ-FE engine. The Indonesian market Vios (excluding Limo) can be distinguished from other markets Vios with its V-shaped grille ornament. The E and G trims come equipped with ABS plus EBD and BA (2007 model only for Limo), driver's side airbag, 2-DIN audio system, power window, window and power door lock and wing mirrors with electric adjuster and retract as standard. The highest grade G trim received more safety and convenience features such as passenger's side airbag, immobilizer, rear disc brake, rear parking sensor and keyless entry for
8100-536: The same gear ratios as its predecessor, but with improved programming for the transmission control unit . Electric power steering was offered in place of the hydraulic system in its predecessor. The second generation Vios was made available in four trim levels for the Malaysian market: J, E, G and S. The J is the base version. It was initially unavailable at the Malaysian Vios launch in October 2007, but
8200-594: The second generation Vios was continued to assembled at Thailand's Toyota Gateway Plant, the Philippines Santa Rosa, Laguna Plant and also by FAW Toyota in China. The second generation Vios was the best-selling car in Southeast Asia in 2009. For the 2010 facelift model, the Vios received more luxurious makeover than the facelifted Belta/Yaris sedan. Debuted in November 2005, the Japanese market Belta had three engine variants available, namely
8300-424: The tests using a prescribed shifting pattern for manuals not always optimized for economy. However, on long highway journeys manual transmissions require maintaining a very specific cruising speed to optimise economy, making automatics preferable. The most common design of automatic transmissions is the hydraulic automatic, which typically uses planetary gearsets that are operated using hydraulics. The transmission
8400-622: The torque multiplication of the torque convertor at lower speeds. The Dynaflow was followed by the Packard Ultramatic in mid-1949 and the Chevrolet Powerglide for the 1950 model year. Each of these transmissions had only two forward speeds, relying on the converter for additional torque multiplication. In the early 1950s, BorgWarner developed a series of three-speed torque converter automatics for car manufacturers such as American Motors, Ford and Studebaker. Chrysler
8500-441: The two gear ratios available in the "Low" and "High" ranges and the clutch pedal was required for standing starts. It used a planetary gearset. The Chrysler Fluid Drive , introduced in 1939, was an optional addition to manual transmissions where a fluid coupling (similar to a torque-convertor, but without the torque multiplication) was added, to avoid the need to operate a manual clutch. The General Motors Hydra-Matic became
8600-464: Was also available in North America where the car was badged "Echo". The Platz was introduced in 1999 as a sedan sold internationally, with a coupé version exclusive to North America following for the 2000 model year . The Platz is closely related to the Vitz hatchback with which it shares front doors, a common interior and mechanical componentry. The running gear is also shared to a lesser degree with
8700-553: Was also offered for selected markets. The sedan was introduced as second generation Vios for Southeast Asian market in April 2007, succeeding the XP40 series Vios . In June 2012, the Japanese market Belta was discontinued and replaced by the E160 series Corolla Axio , and it was dropped in the North America to be replaced by the Mazda2 sedan-based Scion iA /Yaris sedan in July 2015. However,
8800-418: Was among the first to have the basic gear selections ( park , reverse , neutral , drive , low ) which became the standard gear selection used for several decades. By the late 1960s, most of the fluid-coupling two-speed and four-speed transmissions had disappeared in favor of three-speed units with torque converters. Also around this time, whale oil was removed from the automatic transmission fluid. During
8900-644: Was called the Controlled Coupling Hydra-Matic , or "Jetaway" transmission. The original Hydra-Matic remained in production until the mid-1960s at GM, with the licensed Rolls-Royce Automatic transmission soldiering on until 1978 on the Rolls-Royce Phantom VI . In 1964, General Motors released a new transmission, the Turbo Hydramatic , a three-speed transmission which used a torque convertor. The Turbo Hydramatic
9000-477: Was discontinued for the Japanese market in 2012 and succeeded by the Corolla Axio , although it was still produced for the export market until 2016. The second generation Vios was introduced to China in 2008. Engine choices for Chinese variants consist of the 1.3-litre 2NZ-FE and the 1.6-litre 4ZR-FE only available in China. 5-speed manual and 4-speed automatic are available as standard. Sunroof option
9100-506: Was followed by various eastern European tractors through the 1970s (using manual operation via a single clutch pedal), then the Porsche 962 C racing car in 1985. The first DCT of the modern era was used in the 2003 Volkswagen Golf R32 . Since the late 2000s, DCTs have become increasingly widespread, and have supplanted hydraulic automatic transmissions in various models of cars. Automated manual transmission (AMT) , sometimes referred to as
9200-541: Was introduced in the 1955 Citroën DS , which used a 4-speed BVH transmission. This semi-automatic transmission used an automated clutch, which was actuated using hydraulics . Gear selection also used hydraulics , however, the gear ratio needs to be manually selected by the driver. This system was nicknamed Citro-Matic in the U.S. The first modern AMTs were introduced by BMW and Ferrari in 1997, with their SMG and F1 transmissions, respectively. Both systems used hydraulic actuators and electrical solenoids , and
9300-412: Was introduced on 1 July 2008, offering a choice of either 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic transmissions. The E and G differ mostly in terms of equipment levels and are mechanically identical, both sharing the 4-speed Super ECT transmission. The S is an addition featuring cosmetic enhancements, including a front bumper spoiler, side skirts, rear skirt and a bootlid spoiler. The interior received
9400-639: Was introduced with the Hudson Commodore in 1942, called Drive-Master . This unit was an early semi-automatic transmission , based on the design of a conventional manual transmission, which used a servo -controlled vacuum -operated clutch system, with three different gear shifting modes, at the touch of a button; manual shifting and manual clutch operation (fully manual), manual shifting with automated clutch operation (semi-automatic), and automatic shifting with automatic clutch operation (fully automatic). Another early example of this transmission system
9500-548: Was late in developing its own true automatic, introducing the two-speed torque converter PowerFlite in 1953, and the three-speed TorqueFlite in 1956. The latter was the first to utilize the Simpson compound planetary gearset. In 1956, the General Motors Hydra-Matic (which still used a fluid coupling) was redesigned based around the use of two fluid couplings to provide smoother shifts. This transmission
9600-454: Was launched on April 6, 2010, with a redesigned front grille, redesigned headlamp and tail lamp assemblies, and redesigned 15-inch alloy wheels (for the G trim). It was available in three trim levels: the base 1.3 J mated to a 5-speed manual transmission, the 1.3 E, with the choice of a 5-speed manual or the now available 4-speed automatic transmission, and the 1.5 G, with the choice of a 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic transmission. For 2012,
9700-468: Was offered with two trim levels; X (available with sporty "S Package" option) and G. The 1.0 L engine in not available for the G trim and the AWD system is available for both trims with the 1.3 L 2NZ-FE engine. In October 2006, the cheaper model called "Business Package" was introduced, aimed for the company fleet market. It is basically X trim with less equipments. The Belta received a facelift in August 2008,
9800-502: Was rated at 29 mpg ‑US (12.3 km/L) city/36 mpg ‑US (15.3 km/L) mpg highway for the manual transmission, and 29 mpg ‑US (12.3 km/L) mpg city/35 mpg ‑US (14.9 km/L) mpg highway for the automatic version. For the 2009 model year which was a facelift, all Yaris sedans received updated styling with a new grille, alloy designs, interior fabric, standard side curtain airbags and anti-lock brakes. There are also options such as
9900-425: Was the predecessor to the current North American Yaris, sharing many identical features, such as the odd (and somewhat controversial) center placement of the speedometer and gauges, as opposed to in front of the steering wheel. Power options on the Echo are a rare find; most models are equipped with manual windows and locks, air conditioning, and a six-speaker audio system with a CD and/or a cassette player. In China,
10000-551: Was using a hand lever, helical gears were used (to reduce noise) and the gears used a constant-mesh design. A planetary gearset was also used in the 1908 Ford Model T , which was fitted with a two-speed manual transmission (without helical gears). An early patent for the automatic transmission was granted to Canadian inventor Alfred Horner Munro of Regina in 1923. Being a steam engineer, Munro designed his device to use compressed air rather than hydraulic fluid , and so it lacked power and never found commercial application. In 1923,
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