119-524: To Love Ru ( Japanese : To LOVE （ とらぶ ） る , Hepburn : Toraburu ) is a Japanese manga series written by Saki Hasemi and illustrated by Kentaro Yabuki . The manga was serialized in Shueisha 's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from April 2006 to August 2009, and the chapters collected into 18 tankōbon volumes. It chronicles the life of high school student Rito Yuuki after he meets and accidentally gets engaged to
238-423: A "robot for undressing", they could see the direction the manga was headed in. Having only worked on anime and video games previously, Hasemi said he had trouble fitting his ideas into the 19-page-per-chapter structure of a weekly manga serialization at the beginning. The duo's initial editor, Nakamura, would often tell him that certain details he added were not going to make it into the finished chapter. Hasemi said
357-461: A "self-indulgent whim" of his. He drew an outline and "dragged" Hasemi back in for a spin-off. Hasemi described it as a spin-off with the intention of carrying on the original's spirit, while "adapting its relationships to a new vector of development". He said he was satisfied with how they portrayed the changes in Momo's heart, and that Lala and Haruna made romantic progress as well. Yabuki also initiated
476-459: A 26-episode anime television series adaptation that aired in Japan in 2008, Xebec produced six original video animation episodes and a 12-episode second season, titled Motto To Love Ru , between 2009 and 2010. Four video games have been released for various platforms. A continuation of the manga called To Love Ru Darkness ( TO LOVE （ とらぶ ） る ダークネス , Toraburu Dākunesu )
595-594: A battle against the editing department. Yabuki said that drawing the nudity in To Love Ru really "sap[ped] more of my strength" than any other kind of art in the manga. On the bright side, in February 2010 the artist said he is now able to draw perverted scenes that he previously would have been too embarrassed to draw. At that same time, Uchida said that the editorial department was using Yabuki's style of drawing soft breasts as reference for newer artists. To Love Ru
714-637: A benefit from the in-group to the out-group) means "[I/we] explained [it] to [him/her/them]". Such beneficiary auxiliary verbs thus serve a function comparable to that of pronouns and prepositions in Indo-European languages to indicate the actor and the recipient of an action. Japanese "pronouns" also function differently from most modern Indo-European pronouns (and more like nouns) in that they can take modifiers as any other noun may. For instance, one does not say in English: The amazed he ran down
833-601: A book titled To Love Ru Chronicles . Five To Love Ru video games have been released. The first is a 2D and 3D visual novel on the Nintendo DS titled To Love Ru: Exciting Outdoor School Version , which was released on August 28, 2008. The second is a 2D adventure visual novel on the PlayStation Portable entitled To Love Ru: Exciting Beach School Version , which was released on October 2, 2008. A third game, titled To Love Ru Darkness: Battle Ecstasy ,
952-964: A colorful cast of other girls (both humans and aliens alike), such as the uptight, high-strung girl Yui Kotegawa , the sex-switching alien Run/Ren , and the queen bee Saki Tenjouin , among others. In the meantime, Rito must also fight off Lala's antagonistic alien suitors, one of whom sends the alien assassin Golden Darkness to kill him. The story continues in To Love Ru Darkness , which focuses on Lala's little sister, Momo Belia Deviluke . She and her twin sister, Nana Astar Deviluke , have since come to live with Lala in Rito's house. While Rito remains indecisive between his longtime crush on Haruna and his growing affection for Lala, Momo has also fallen in love with Rito. But not wanting to steal Rito away from her sister, Momo instead plots to build
1071-594: A complex system of honorifics , with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative status of the speaker, the listener, and persons mentioned. The Japanese writing system combines Chinese characters , known as kanji ( 漢字 , ' Han characters') , with two unique syllabaries (or moraic scripts) derived by the Japanese from the more complex Chinese characters: hiragana ( ひらがな or 平仮名 , 'simple characters') and katakana ( カタカナ or 片仮名 , 'partial characters'). Latin script ( rōmaji ローマ字 )
1190-549: A different direction, so he started asking Hasemi his opinions on things. After they started working together, Hasemi said he originally thought of doing a shōnen battle manga, but could not come up with a "hook". He then remembered that Yabuki had said he wanted to create a romantic comedy manga, and the two started to come up with ideas for one easily. Yabuki created the rough designs and personalities for Rito and Lala and then discussed what kind of story would work with them with Hasemi and their supervisor. Hasemi said that Yabuki
1309-414: A distinct language of its own that has absorbed various aspects from neighboring languages. Japanese has five vowels, and vowel length is phonemic, with each having both a short and a long version. Elongated vowels are usually denoted with a line over the vowel (a macron ) in rōmaji , a repeated vowel character in hiragana , or a chōonpu succeeding the vowel in katakana . /u/ ( listen )
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#17327807267191428-724: A female character, including her lower body. At the meeting on April 9, 2012, they decided that while the book did include the aforementioned nudity, it did not violate the new ordinance. In 2014, volume 9 of To Love Ru Darkness was officially designated a "harmful publication" in Fukushima Prefecture under its "Youth Protection and Nurturing Ordinance". Throughout the second half of 2022, the Australian Classification Board refused classification for volumes 2–13 and 15 of To Love Ru Darkness for containing material that "is likely to cause offence to
1547-419: A glide /j/ and either the first part of a geminate consonant ( っ / ッ , represented as Q) or a moraic nasal in the coda ( ん / ン , represented as N). The nasal is sensitive to its phonetic environment and assimilates to the following phoneme, with pronunciations including [ɴ, m, n, ɲ, ŋ, ɰ̃] . Onset-glide clusters only occur at the start of syllables but clusters across syllables are allowed as long as
1666-651: A harem of girls around Rito, hoping that if Rito marries Lala and becomes the King of Deviluke, he can legally marry every girl who is in love with him, including Momo herself. While Momo works in the background and plays matchmaker with Rito, a plethora of beautiful girls gradually enter Rito's life and warm up to his kindness, including Golden Darkness, who has since lived peacefully on Earth but struggles to escape her dark past. Thus, Rito's otherworldly love troubles continue forever. Manga artist Kentaro Yabuki first met anime screenwriter Saki Hasemi at preliminary meetings for
1785-484: A listener depending on the listener's relative social position and the degree of familiarity between the speaker and the listener. When used in different social relationships, the same word may have positive (intimate or respectful) or negative (distant or disrespectful) connotations. Japanese often use titles of the person referred to where pronouns would be used in English. For example, when speaking to one's teacher, it
1904-478: A lot more difficult. For example, having Rito accidentally fall down and touch someone had become worn out. Yabuki had to make subtle changes when that type of scene was still used, such as using a different angle or making the girl the one to fall on top of him. The artist said that by the halfway point of serialization, simply touching the girls was not enough for their readers, Rito's fingers had to end up in certain places. Uchida said that this caused every week to be
2023-789: A professional artist, a special To Love Ru story was published in Weekly Shōnen Jump on April 27, 2019. A full-color To Love Ru Darkness one-shot was published in Jump Square on May 2, 2019, for the same occasion. To commemorate an art exhibition held as a conclusion to the manga's 15th anniversary celebrations, a To Love Ru one-shot was released on the Shōnen Jump+ website on January 13, 2023. Both manga series are licensed in North America by Seven Seas Entertainment , which releases them in print and digital formats. To Love Ru
2142-618: A reasonable adult." The decision means that the volumes "cannot be sold, hired, advertised or legally imported in Australia". Japanese language Japanese ( 日本語 , Nihongo , [ɲihoŋɡo] ) is the principal language of the Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people . It has around 123 million speakers, primarily in Japan , the only country where it
2261-408: A sentence need not be stated and pronouns may be omitted if they can be inferred from context. In the example above, hana ga nagai would mean "[their] noses are long", while nagai by itself would mean "[they] are long." A single verb can be a complete sentence: Yatta! ( やった! ) "[I / we / they / etc] did [it]!". In addition, since adjectives can form the predicate in a Japanese sentence (below),
2380-401: A serious love interest. The artist also cited Nana and Momo as having great character development and standing out in the latter half of the series. Because the other females are all young high school students, Ryouko Mikado was introduced to inject more adult appeal into To Love Ru . The latter half of the manga features a lot more quirky and unique characters because, the newer the character,
2499-428: A single adjective can be a complete sentence: Urayamashii! ( 羨ましい! ) "[I'm] jealous [about it]!". While the language has some words that are typically translated as pronouns, these are not used as frequently as pronouns in some Indo-European languages, and function differently. In some cases, Japanese relies on special verb forms and auxiliary verbs to indicate the direction of benefit of an action: "down" to indicate
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#17327807267192618-401: A turning point was when Yabuki asked him not to change scenes so much. While this is a heavily used technique in anime to show momentary pauses in action or passages of time, in manga, the more scene changes there are, the more expository panels are required. The basic plan was to give each chapter a self-contained plot and have the action take place in one location. Hasemi said that the manga
2737-443: A video game, and Hasemi said he purposefully made the series easy to adapt into an anime. Towards the end of serialization, Yabuki was having a "hard time privately, and felt like breaking down and crying", but was happy that he was able to punctuate the final moments of the manga with the same "stupid perversion" it always had. He was happy that they were able to make the series fun up until the very end, and that they never drifted from
2856-624: Is compressed rather than protruded , or simply unrounded. Some Japanese consonants have several allophones , which may give the impression of a larger inventory of sounds. However, some of these allophones have since become phonemic. For example, in the Japanese language up to and including the first half of the 20th century, the phonemic sequence /ti/ was palatalized and realized phonetically as [tɕi] , approximately chi ( listen ) ; however, now [ti] and [tɕi] are distinct, as evidenced by words like tī [tiː] "Western-style tea" and chii [tɕii] "social status". The "r" of
2975-408: Is "secret arms" by Ray while the ending theme is "Gardens" by Mami Kawada . Sentai Filmworks released To Love Ru Darkness 2nd on DVD and Blu-ray in North America on November 1, 2016. Three OVA episodes of To Love Ru Darkness 2nd were produced by Xebec between January 4 and December 2, 2016. A fourth OVA episode to commemorate the 10th anniversary of To Love Ru was released on November 2, 2017 with
3094-605: Is a Japanese manga artist , best known for his series Black Cat (2000–2004) and for illustrating To Love Ru (2006–2009) and To Love Ru Darkness (2010–2017) alongside author Saki Hasemi . Yabuki also wrote and illustrated the series Ayakashi Triangle (2020–2023). His mentor was Takeshi Obata , the illustrator of Hikaru no Go , Death Note and Bakuman . Yabuki has stated that everything he learned about drawing manga, he learned from Akira Toriyama 's Dragon Ball . He even admitted that his first publication in Jump
3213-404: Is a result of her royal upbringing, and acts as contrast with Haruna. Haruna is meant to bring a "certain charm" to the manga that Lala lacks; she is shy and can not voice her feelings. Saki was created to have a senpai character and a character from the upper class of society, who looks down on everyone and speaks her mind. Her wealth makes it easy to develop events and advance the story. Yui
3332-448: Is also seen in o-medetō "congratulations", from medetaku ). Late Middle Japanese has the first loanwords from European languages – now-common words borrowed into Japanese in this period include pan ("bread") and tabako ("tobacco", now "cigarette"), both from Portuguese . Modern Japanese is considered to begin with the Edo period (which spanned from 1603 to 1867). Since Old Japanese,
3451-527: Is also used in a limited fashion (such as for imported acronyms) in Japanese writing. The numeral system uses mostly Arabic numerals , but also traditional Chinese numerals . Proto-Japonic , the common ancestor of the Japanese and Ryukyuan languages , is thought to have been brought to Japan by settlers coming from the Korean peninsula sometime in the early- to mid-4th century BC (the Yayoi period ), replacing
3570-643: Is an agglutinative , mora -timed language with relatively simple phonotactics , a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent . Word order is normally subject–object–verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, and sentence structure is topic–comment . Sentence-final particles are used to add emotional or emphatic impact, or form questions. Nouns have no grammatical number or gender , and there are no articles . Verbs are conjugated , primarily for tense and voice , but not person . Japanese adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has
3689-440: Is appropriate to use sensei ( 先生 , "teacher"), but inappropriate to use anata . This is because anata is used to refer to people of equal or lower status, and one's teacher has higher status. Japanese nouns have no grammatical number, gender or article aspect. The noun hon ( 本 ) may refer to a single book or several books; hito ( 人 ) can mean "person" or "people", and ki ( 木 ) can be "tree" or "trees". Where number
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3808-647: Is associated with comedy (see Kansai dialect ). Dialects of Tōhoku and North Kantō are associated with typical farmers. The Ryūkyūan languages, spoken in Okinawa and the Amami Islands (administratively part of Kagoshima ), are distinct enough to be considered a separate branch of the Japonic family; not only is each language unintelligible to Japanese speakers, but most are unintelligible to those who speak other Ryūkyūan languages. However, in contrast to linguists, many ordinary Japanese people tend to consider
3927-466: Is better documentation of Late Middle Japanese phonology than for previous forms (for instance, the Arte da Lingoa de Iapam ). Among other sound changes, the sequence /au/ merges to /ɔː/ , in contrast with /oː/ ; /p/ is reintroduced from Chinese; and /we/ merges with /je/ . Some forms rather more familiar to Modern Japanese speakers begin to appear – the continuative ending - te begins to reduce onto
4046-509: Is correlated with the sex of the speaker and the social situation in which they are spoken: men and women alike in a formal situation generally refer to themselves as watashi ( 私 , literally "private") or watakushi (also 私 , hyper-polite form), while men in rougher or intimate conversation are much more likely to use the word ore ( 俺 "oneself", "myself") or boku . Similarly, different words such as anata , kimi , and omae ( お前 , more formally 御前 "the one before me") may refer to
4165-417: Is important, it can be indicated by providing a quantity (often with a counter word ) or (rarely) by adding a suffix, or sometimes by duplication (e.g. 人人 , hitobito , usually written with an iteration mark as 人々 ). Words for people are usually understood as singular. Thus Tanaka-san usually means Mx Tanaka . Words that refer to people and animals can be made to indicate a group of individuals through
4284-504: Is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century AD recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial Old Japanese texts did not appear until the 8th century. From the Heian period (794–1185), extensive waves of Sino-Japanese vocabulary entered the language, affecting the phonology of Early Middle Japanese . Late Middle Japanese (1185–1600) saw extensive grammatical changes and
4403-755: Is less common. In terms of mutual intelligibility , a survey in 1967 found that the four most unintelligible dialects (excluding Ryūkyūan languages and Tōhoku dialects ) to students from Greater Tokyo were the Kiso dialect (in the deep mountains of Nagano Prefecture ), the Himi dialect (in Toyama Prefecture ), the Kagoshima dialect and the Maniwa dialect (in Okayama Prefecture ). The survey
4522-420: Is often called a topic-prominent language , which means it has a strong tendency to indicate the topic separately from the subject, and that the two do not always coincide. The sentence Zō wa hana ga nagai ( 象は鼻が長い ) literally means, "As for elephant(s), (the) nose(s) (is/are) long". The topic is zō "elephant", and the subject is hana "nose". Japanese grammar tends toward brevity; the subject or object of
4641-511: Is only possible with the person you love, the two dull-witted aliens misunderstand him, believing he truly understands Lala's feelings. Lala quickly falls in love with him, and Zastin also approves of their engagement, much to Rito's dismay. While Zastin reports his support for the pair to Lala's father, Gid Lucion Deviluke , who is the King of Deviluke and much of the known universe, Rito reluctantly helps Lala transition to life on Earth, while gradually befriending his dream girl, Haruna, along with
4760-498: Is preserved in words such as matsuge ("eyelash", lit. "hair of the eye"); modern mieru ("to be visible") and kikoeru ("to be audible") retain a mediopassive suffix - yu(ru) ( kikoyu → kikoyuru (the attributive form, which slowly replaced the plain form starting in the late Heian period) → kikoeru (all verbs with the shimo-nidan conjugation pattern underwent this same shift in Early Modern Japanese )); and
4879-583: Is the national language , and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages and the variously classified Hachijō language . There have been many attempts to group the Japonic languages with other families such as the Ainu , Austronesian , Koreanic , and the now-discredited Altaic , but none of these proposals have gained any widespread acceptance. Little
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4998-402: Is the version of Japanese discussed in this article. Formerly, standard Japanese in writing ( 文語 , bungo , "literary language") was different from colloquial language ( 口語 , kōgo ) . The two systems have different rules of grammar and some variance in vocabulary. Bungo was the main method of writing Japanese until about 1900; since then kōgo gradually extended its influence and
5117-471: Is used for the present and the future. For verbs that represent an ongoing process, the -te iru form indicates a continuous (or progressive) aspect , similar to the suffix ing in English. For others that represent a change of state, the -te iru form indicates a perfect aspect. For example, kite iru means "They have come (and are still here)", but tabete iru means "They are eating". Questions (both with an interrogative pronoun and yes/no questions) have
5236-405: Is why some linguists do not classify Japanese "pronouns" as pronouns, but rather as referential nouns, much like Spanish usted (contracted from vuestra merced , "your ( majestic plural ) grace") or Portuguese você (from vossa mercê ). Japanese personal pronouns are generally used only in situations requiring special emphasis as to who is doing what to whom. The choice of words used as pronouns
5355-495: Is written by Saki Hasemi and illustrated by Kentaro Yabuki. It was serialized in Shueisha 's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump between April 24, 2006, and August 31, 2009. The 162 individual chapters were collected into 18 tankōbon volumes and were published by Shueisha between November 11, 2006, and April 2, 2010. The series was republished in a 10-volume bunkoban edition between November 18, 2016, and March 17, 2017. A sequel manga, To Love Ru Darkness ,
5474-462: The Japonic language family, which also includes the Ryukyuan languages spoken in the Ryukyu Islands . As these closely related languages are commonly treated as dialects of the same language, Japanese is sometimes called a language isolate . According to Martine Irma Robbeets , Japanese has been subject to more attempts to show its relation to other languages than any other language in
5593-514: The Philippines , and various Pacific islands, locals in those countries learned Japanese as the language of the empire. As a result, many elderly people in these countries can still speak Japanese. Japanese emigrant communities (the largest of which are to be found in Brazil , with 1.4 million to 1.5 million Japanese immigrants and descendants, according to Brazilian IBGE data, more than
5712-479: The To Love Ru and To Love Ru Darkness manga series have over 16 million copies in circulation. In 2014, Yabuki began providing the illustrations for a different Matsu light novel series, Hatena Illusion . But the fourth installment released in November 2015 became the last due to Matsu's death in 2016. However, a series titled Hatena Illusion R began in 2019, and Yabuki continues his role as illustrator of
5831-738: The United States (notably in Hawaii , where 16.7% of the population has Japanese ancestry, and California ), and the Philippines (particularly in Davao Region and the Province of Laguna ). Japanese has no official status in Japan, but is the de facto national language of the country. There is a form of the language considered standard : hyōjungo ( 標準語 ) , meaning "standard Japanese", or kyōtsūgo ( 共通語 ) , "common language", or even "Tokyo dialect" at times. The meanings of
5950-806: The de facto standard Japanese had been the Kansai dialect , especially that of Kyoto . However, during the Edo period, Edo (now Tokyo) developed into the largest city in Japan, and the Edo-area dialect became standard Japanese. Since the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853, the flow of loanwords from European languages has increased significantly. The period since 1945 has seen many words borrowed from other languages—such as German, Portuguese and English. Many English loan words especially relate to technology—for example, pasokon (short for "personal computer"), intānetto ("internet"), and kamera ("camera"). Due to
6069-500: The "lesser characters" too often, and their "antics will get old in 5 minutes." In 2012, To Love Ru Darkness was reviewed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly to see if it violated their newly passed controversial Bill 156 . This was after they had received a phone call from a parent who discovered a To Love Ru Darkness book while cleaning a son's room. The parent did not like that there was frontal nudity of
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#17327807267196188-578: The "thinly veiled hentai " that is To Love Ru Darkness . Austin Price, the fourth writer, gave it a scathing review, calling the story a straight rip-off of Urusei Yatsura and claiming the jokes were ripped straight from harem comedy classics such as Ranma ½ , Tenchi Muyo! and Love Hina . He also called Yabuki "the most utterly unremarkable artist in Shonen Jump ' s history." Stig Høgset and Tim Jones of T.H.E.M. Anime Reviews described
6307-527: The 1.2 million of the United States ) sometimes employ Japanese as their primary language. Approximately 12% of Hawaii residents speak Japanese, with an estimated 12.6% of the population of Japanese ancestry in 2008. Japanese emigrants can also be found in Peru , Argentina , Australia (especially in the eastern states), Canada (especially in Vancouver , where 1.4% of the population has Japanese ancestry),
6426-464: The 2005 anime adaptation of Yabuki's previous series, Black Cat . When Hasemi told Yabuki that he was interested in writing an original manga, the artist told Hasemi he could contact him if he had any questions. To Love Ru has origins in Yabuki's 2004 one-shot "Trans Boy". When the time came for him to create a new series, Yabuki said he "hit a brick wall". The editorial department asked him to go in
6545-486: The Japanese language is of particular interest, ranging between an apical central tap and a lateral approximant . The "g" is also notable; unless it starts a sentence, it may be pronounced [ ŋ ] , in the Kanto prestige dialect and in other eastern dialects. The phonotactics of Japanese are relatively simple. The syllable structure is (C)(G)V(C), that is, a core vowel surrounded by an optional onset consonant,
6664-736: The Old Japanese sections are written in Man'yōgana , which uses kanji for their phonetic as well as semantic values. Based on the Man'yōgana system, Old Japanese can be reconstructed as having 88 distinct morae . Texts written with Man'yōgana use two different sets of kanji for each of the morae now pronounced き (ki), ひ (hi), み (mi), け (ke), へ (he), め (me), こ (ko), そ (so), と (to), の (no), も (mo), よ (yo) and ろ (ro). (The Kojiki has 88, but all later texts have 87. The distinction between mo 1 and mo 2 apparently
6783-488: The Ryūkyūan languages as dialects of Japanese. The imperial court also seems to have spoken an unusual variant of the Japanese of the time, most likely the spoken form of Classical Japanese , a writing style that was prevalent during the Heian period , but began to decline during the late Meiji period . The Ryūkyūan languages are classified by UNESCO as 'endangered', as young people mostly use Japanese and cannot understand
6902-543: The addition of a collective suffix (a noun suffix that indicates a group), such as -tachi , but this is not a true plural: the meaning is closer to the English phrase "and company". A group described as Tanaka-san-tachi may include people not named Tanaka. Some Japanese nouns are effectively plural, such as hitobito "people" and wareware "we/us", while the word tomodachi "friend" is considered singular, although plural in form. Verbs are conjugated to show tenses, of which there are two: past and present (or non-past) which
7021-533: The alien princess Lala Satalin Deviluke . The title, Toraburu , is a pun on the English loan words toraburu ("trouble") and rabu ("love"), referencing the harem aspect of the series. To Love Ru is noted for its fan service , with Hasemi and Yabuki admitting that they tested the boundaries of what would be allowed in a shōnen manga. A drama CD was released in February 2008, featuring an original story along with character songs . Following
7140-458: The anime, titled Motto To Love Ru , produced by Xebec and directed by Atsushi Ōtsuki aired 12 episodes between October 6 and December 22, 2010. The opening theme for the second season is "Loop-the-Loop" by Kotoko and the ending theme is "Baby Baby Love" by Tomatsu. Sentai Filmworks have also licensed the second season and released the complete series set on DVD on April 3, 2012; the Blu-ray set
7259-493: The collected tankōbon volumes of To Love Ru . They thought it was more fun for the chapters to be different than when they were published in Weekly Shōnen Jump . It took six months for the first volume to be released, partly because Yabuki would look at his "old" art and feel compelled to "fix" it. Hasemi and Yabuki aimed from the beginning to have three or more years of serialization, on top of an anime adaptation and
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#17327807267197378-578: The effect of changing Japanese into a mora-timed language. Late Middle Japanese covers the years from 1185 to 1600, and is normally divided into two sections, roughly equivalent to the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period , respectively. The later forms of Late Middle Japanese are the first to be described by non-native sources, in this case the Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries; and thus there
7497-484: The ending of Darkness , telling Hasemi, the editor-in-chief, and all others involved around May or June 2016, the tenth anniversary of the entire franchise. He had several reasons; the events included in volume 18 finished telling everything there is to say about "the Darkness arc of Momo and Yami as we originally planned it", both the authors and the readers had become too desensitized to the sexiness, 18 volumes matches
7616-415: The final volume, Hasemi questioned how much they could reveal about their next manga project. To which Yabuki replied, "If they'd let us do it, it'd be To Love Ru 2 !" Both creators also said that it was not really the end of the series and its world, with Yabuki stating that he personally was interested in a spinoff with Momo and Nana as the main characters. Yabuki said that To Love Ru Darkness started as
7735-423: The first appearance of European loanwords . The basis of the standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo region (modern Tokyo ) in the Early Modern Japanese period (early 17th century–mid 19th century). Following the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853, the flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly, and words from English roots have proliferated. Japanese
7854-463: The first half of 2016, while volumes 17 and 18 sold 262,024 and 262,201 copies respectively in the first half of 2017. In November 2014, readers of Da Vinci magazine voted To Love Ru number 20 on a list of Weekly Shōnen Jump ' s greatest manga series of all time. In early 2018, a Goo poll of 5,322 people saw To Love Ru voted the most erotic manga in Weekly Shōnen Jump ' s history. Anime News Network had four different writers review
7973-472: The first half-season was released on December 15, 2009 and part two containing the second half-season was released on February 16, 2010. Sentai released the series on Blu-ray on March 18, 2014. Sentai Filmworks later produced an English dub of the series, which began streaming on Hidive on March 27, 2020. Three original video animation (OVA) episodes produced by Xebec and directed by Takao Kato were shipped starting on April 3, 2009 with pre-ordered copies of
8092-612: The first season of the anime series as "a watered down Urusei Yatsura for the 21st century" and called it the worst romantic comedy they have ever seen. They mainly criticized the anime's large amounts of original material not adapted from the manga, but also noted poor animation and music. When they reviewed the Motto To Love Ru anime, Høgset and Jones felt it improved significantly as it reduces manga arcs into 7 minutes each so as to include three in each episode. They gave it 3 out of 5 stars, but stated it unfortunately focuses on
8211-513: The first two-in-one omnibus volume of To Love Ru . Lynzee Loveridge, Amy McNulty and Rebecca Silverman each gave it a 3 out of 5 rating. Loveridge described the work as pure harem and praised Yabuki's comedic artwork, but felt that the personality types of the love-triangled main characters were "retreading well worn ground." McNulty disagreed, calling Lala "refreshingly charming" and noting that Haruna does not enter tired tropes either. Silverman called Yabuki's art dynamic and attractive and recommended
8330-609: The genitive particle ga remains in intentionally archaic speech. Early Middle Japanese is the Japanese of the Heian period , from 794 to 1185. It formed the basis for the literary standard of Classical Japanese , which remained in common use until the early 20th century. During this time, Japanese underwent numerous phonological developments, in many cases instigated by an influx of Chinese loanwords . These included phonemic length distinction for both consonants and vowels , palatal consonants (e.g. kya ) and labial consonant clusters (e.g. kwa ), and closed syllables . This had
8449-599: The harder Hasemi and Yabuki had to work to establish and differentiate their personality. Yabuki said that by the latter half of the series, they were treating all the female characters as main heroines. In the manga's third year, the creators thought about having the main cast move up a grade, but decided against it because Saki would have to graduate and Mikan would have to grow up. Hasemi stated that when To Love Ru began, "there weren't any limits" on romantic comedies in Weekly Shōnen Jump . Yabuki said that at that time, he never would have imagined that lewd scenes would become
8568-458: The languages of the original Jōmon inhabitants, including the ancestor of the modern Ainu language . Because writing had yet to be introduced from China, there is no direct evidence, and anything that can be discerned about this period must be based on internal reconstruction from Old Japanese , or comparison with the Ryukyuan languages and Japanese dialects . The Chinese writing system
8687-449: The languages. Okinawan Japanese is a variant of Standard Japanese influenced by the Ryūkyūan languages, and is the primary dialect spoken among young people in the Ryukyu Islands . Modern Japanese has become prevalent nationwide (including the Ryūkyū islands) due to education , mass media , and an increase in mobility within Japan, as well as economic integration. Japanese is a member of
8806-427: The large quantity of English loanwords, modern Japanese has developed a distinction between [tɕi] and [ti] , and [dʑi] and [di] , with the latter in each pair only found in loanwords. Although Japanese is spoken almost exclusively in Japan, it has also been spoken outside of the country. Before and during World War II , through Japanese annexation of Taiwan and Korea , as well as partial occupation of China ,
8925-482: The main focus of the series. As the manga went on, Yabuki said it became more and more about testing the limits as to what Weekly Shōnen Jump would allow them to draw. When there was a question on a reader survey about wanting more eroticism in the manga, it received an overwhelming response and the duo was happy to respond since they had fun creating those scenes. But heading into the second year of serialization, Hasemi said that coming up with erotic situations had become
9044-453: The manga's 13th, 14th and 15th volumes. An additional three OVA episodes were released with the bundled version of the 16th, 17th and 18th volumes. The opening theme for the OVAs is "Yatte Koi Daisuki" and the ending theme is "Apple panic"; both songs are by Haruka Tomatsu and Sayuri Yahagi , the voice actresses of Lala Satalin Deviluke and Haruna Sairenji , respectively. A second season of
9163-575: The novels. From 2018 to 2020, he illustrated a manga adaptation of the Darling in the Franxx anime for the Shōnen Jump+ website and app. Yabuki's one-shot "Reo × Reo" was published in Weekly Shōnen Jump on February 9, 2019, as part of the magazine's Valentine's Day celebrations. He launched the manga series Ayakashi Triangle in the June 15, 2020, issue of Weekly Shōnen Jump . On April 25, 2022,
9282-425: The only strict rule of word order is that the verb must be placed at the end of a sentence (possibly followed by sentence-end particles). This is because Japanese sentence elements are marked with particles that identify their grammatical functions. The basic sentence structure is topic–comment . For example, Kochira wa Tanaka-san desu ( こちらは田中さんです ). kochira ("this") is the topic of the sentence, indicated by
9401-457: The original manga, and 10 years seemed like an ideal run. Yabuki also said he could not let To Love Ru Darkness drag on pointlessly forever, because he cares about the work. In the final volume, Hasemi described the conclusion of Darkness as being a "sort of waypoint" that leaves open the question of what really happens in the end, and both creators stated that it was not the end of To Love Ru . Hasemi and Yabuki took care to make sure that Rito
9520-459: The original manga, it captures various chapters and events from the manga in no specific order. The anime's opening theme is "Forever We Can Make It!" by Thyme , the first ending theme for episodes one through thirteen is "Lucky Tune", and the second ending theme is "Kiss no Yukue"; both are sung by Anna . The anime is licensed in North America by Sentai Filmworks and distributed by Section23 Films . The complete DVD collection part one containing
9639-456: The original premise by turning it into a serious action manga. How to end To Love Ru was discussed over and over again in meetings, until Yabuki suggested that instead of having Rito end up with someone in particular, it could end without him choosing anyone. Although both Hasemi and Uchida, who became their editor around October or November 2007, were initially skeptical on an "ending-less ending", Hasemi told Yabuki he did not really want to end
9758-470: The out-group gives a benefit to the in-group, and "up" to indicate the in-group gives a benefit to the out-group. Here, the in-group includes the speaker and the out-group does not, and their boundary depends on context. For example, oshiete moratta ( 教えてもらった ) (literally, "explaining got" with a benefit from the out-group to the in-group) means "[he/she/they] explained [it] to [me/us]". Similarly, oshiete ageta ( 教えてあげた ) (literally, "explaining gave" with
9877-415: The particle wa . The verb desu is a copula , commonly translated as "to be" or "it is" (though there are other verbs that can be translated as "to be"), though technically it holds no meaning and is used to give a sentence 'politeness'. As a phrase, Tanaka-san desu is the comment. This sentence literally translates to "As for this person, (it) is Mx Tanaka." Thus Japanese, like many other Asian languages,
9996-481: The proposed larger Altaic family, or to various Southeast Asian languages , especially Austronesian . None of these proposals have gained wide acceptance (and the Altaic family itself is now considered controversial). As it stands, only the link to Ryukyuan has wide support. Other theories view the Japanese language as an early creole language formed through inputs from at least two distinct language groups, or as
10115-459: The same structure as affirmative sentences, but with intonation rising at the end. In the formal register, the question particle -ka is added. For example, ii desu ( いいです ) "It is OK" becomes ii desu-ka ( いいですか。 ) "Is it OK?". In a more informal tone sometimes the particle -no ( の ) is added instead to show a personal interest of the speaker: Dōshite konai-no? "Why aren't (you) coming?". Some simple queries are formed simply by mentioning
10234-459: The series and came around to the idea. They wanted Rito to come to the conclusion that he loves Haruna, but purposefully did not explain why he did so. By having Lala misunderstand the situation, it connected back to the first chapter of the series. They did not know when they would find out that their next chapter would be the last, it just so happened that the characters were at the pool, which allowed them to show everyone. In an interview included in
10353-405: The series to fans of harem rom-coms , but called the plot very cliché and providing nothing new. McNulty stated that the beginning with just the original love-triangle works just fine, making the love interests added later seem unnecessary, and comes off as quaint when compared to To Love Ru Darkness . Also in comparison to the sequel, Loveridge described the original series as tame in comparison to
10472-600: The series transferred to Shōnen Jump+ where it continued until September 25, 2023. Yabuki said he was born in Okayama but "formed [his] personality" in Kōchi . Yabuki and his first wife were divorced as of June 2009. They have a daughter. In August 2015, Yabuki announced in the September 2015 issue of Jump SQ. that he had gotten remarried. He is the brother-in-law of fellow manga artist Kenta Shinohara . Yabuki announced
10591-817: The state as at the time the constitution was written, many of the elders participating in the process had been educated in Japanese during the South Seas Mandate over the island shown by the 1958 census of the Trust Territory of the Pacific that found that 89% of Palauans born between 1914 and 1933 could speak and read Japanese, but as of the 2005 Palau census there were no residents of Angaur that spoke Japanese at home. Japanese dialects typically differ in terms of pitch accent , inflectional morphology , vocabulary , and particle usage. Some even differ in vowel and consonant inventories, although this
10710-636: The story of To Love Ru revolves around Rito Yuuki , a shy and clumsy high-school student who cannot confess his love to the girl of his dreams, Haruna Sairenji . One day when sulking in the bathtub, a mysterious, naked devil-tailed girl appears out of nowhere. Her name is Lala Satalin Deviluke , the runaway crown princess of the planet Deviluke. Her father wants her to return home to marry one of her marriage candidates. When Devilukean commander Zastin arrives to bring her home, she swiftly declares she will marry Rito in order to stay on Earth, leading Zastin to attack Rito. But when Rito angrily declares that marriage
10829-481: The street. (grammatically incorrect insertion of a pronoun) But one can grammatically say essentially the same thing in Japanese: 驚いた彼は道を走っていった。 Transliteration: Odoroita kare wa michi o hashitte itta. (grammatically correct) This is partly because these words evolved from regular nouns, such as kimi "you" ( 君 "lord"), anata "you" ( あなた "that side, yonder"), and boku "I" ( 僕 "servant"). This
10948-430: The top 40 during their respective release weeks. According to Oricon, To Love Ru Darkness sold 1,067,988 copies in 2011, while its fourth volume alone sold 460,543 copies in 2012. The series sold 1,558,973 copies in 2013, 437,671 of which were from volume 7. Oricon reported that in the first half of 2014, volumes 9 and 10 sold 326,208 and 334,502 copies respectively. Volume 15 of To Love Ru Darkness sold 277,118 copies in
11067-632: The topic with an interrogative intonation to call for the hearer's attention: Kore wa? "(What about) this?"; O-namae wa? ( お名前は？ ) "(What's your) name?". Negatives are formed by inflecting the verb. For example, Pan o taberu ( パンを食べる。 ) "I will eat bread" or "I eat bread" becomes Pan o tabenai ( パンを食べない。 ) "I will not eat bread" or "I do not eat bread". Plain negative forms are i -adjectives (see below) and inflect as such, e.g. Pan o tabenakatta ( パンを食べなかった。 ) "I did not eat bread". Kentaro Yabuki Kentaro Yabuki ( Japanese : 矢吹 健太朗 , Hepburn : Yabuki Kentarō , born February 4, 1980 )
11186-419: The two consonants are the moraic nasal followed by a homorganic consonant. Japanese also includes a pitch accent , which is not represented in moraic writing; for example [haꜜ.ɕi] ("chopsticks") and [ha.ɕiꜜ] ("bridge") are both spelled はし ( hashi ) , and are only differentiated by the tone contour. Japanese word order is classified as subject–object–verb . Unlike many Indo-European languages ,
11305-577: The two methods were both used in writing until the 1940s. Bungo still has some relevance for historians, literary scholars, and lawyers (many Japanese laws that survived World War II are still written in bungo , although there are ongoing efforts to modernize their language). Kōgo is the dominant method of both speaking and writing Japanese today, although bungo grammar and vocabulary are occasionally used in modern Japanese for effect. The 1982 state constitution of Angaur , Palau , names Japanese along with Palauan and English as an official language of
11424-480: The two terms (''hyōjungo'' and ''kyōtsūgo'') are almost the same. Hyōjungo or kyōtsūgo is a conception that forms the counterpart of dialect. This normative language was born after the Meiji Restoration ( 明治維新 , meiji ishin , 1868) from the language spoken in the higher-class areas of Tokyo (see Yamanote ). Hyōjungo is taught in schools and used on television and in official communications. It
11543-407: The verb (e.g. yonde for earlier yomite ), the -k- in the final mora of adjectives drops out ( shiroi for earlier shiroki ); and some forms exist where modern standard Japanese has retained the earlier form (e.g. hayaku > hayau > hayɔɔ , where modern Japanese just has hayaku , though the alternative form is preserved in the standard greeting o-hayō gozaimasu "good morning"; this ending
11662-548: The world. Since Japanese first gained the consideration of linguists in the late 19th century, attempts have been made to show its genealogical relation to languages or language families such as Ainu , Korean , Chinese , Tibeto-Burman , Uralic , Altaic (or Ural-Altaic ), Austroasiatic , Austronesian and Dravidian . At the fringe, some linguists have even suggested a link to Indo-European languages , including Greek , or to Sumerian . Main modern theories try to link Japanese either to northern Asian languages, like Korean or
11781-486: Was also produced by Xebec, directed by Atsushi Ōtsuki, and aired between October 6 and December 29, 2012. The opening theme for To Love Ru Darkness is "Rakuen Project" by Ray and the ending theme is "Foul Play ni Kurari" by Kanon Wakeshima . Sentai Filmworks released To Love Ru Darkness on DVD and Blu-ray in North America on July 15, 2014. A second season of Darkness , titled To Love Ru Darkness 2nd , aired in Japan between July 7 and October 29, 2015. The opening theme
11900-539: Was based on 12- to 20-second-long recordings of 135 to 244 phonemes , which 42 students listened to and translated word-for-word. The listeners were all Keio University students who grew up in the Kanto region . There are some language islands in mountain villages or isolated islands such as Hachijō-jima island , whose dialects are descended from Eastern Old Japanese . Dialects of the Kansai region are spoken or known by many Japanese, and Osaka dialect in particular
12019-474: Was created as a series regular to celebrate one year of serialization. She was given an abundance of common sense and a serious personality, making her a tsundere . In a series full of characters who lack common sense, Yui plays the " straight man " role. Yui was the character that was planned to have the most character growth, as she was the only one who would bring up the perverted stuff Rito does to them. But Yabuki said he did not expect her to turn into such
12138-421: Was hard to write for; while it can paradoxically be easier on the author to make a story more complicated and build the world, To Love Ru instead relied entirely on visuals and emotions to convey everything. Yabuki said he made sure everything was easy to read by limiting each page to a maximum of six panels , and never using distorted panels. Hasemi and Yabuki always knew they were going to make many revisions to
12257-735: Was imported to Japan from Baekje around the start of the fifth century, alongside Buddhism. The earliest texts were written in Classical Chinese , although some of these were likely intended to be read as Japanese using the kanbun method, and show influences of Japanese grammar such as Japanese word order. The earliest text, the Kojiki , dates to the early eighth century, and was written entirely in Chinese characters, which are used to represent, at different times, Chinese, kanbun , and Old Japanese. As in other texts from this period,
12376-478: Was likeable and that his actions were not unpleasant. Hasemi said that because it ran in a shōnen magazine, if boys did not like and support the protagonist, then drawing cute girls would be meaningless. They made use of Lala's alien quality by making her ignorant and curious about earth culture. She was made an inventor to be a source of comedy, and it was Hasemi who thought up her producing things from her handheld "D-Dial". Lala's open personality and lack of shame
12495-474: Was lost immediately following its composition.) This set of morae shrank to 67 in Early Middle Japanese , though some were added through Chinese influence. Man'yōgana also has a symbol for /je/ , which merges with /e/ before the end of the period. Several fossilizations of Old Japanese grammatical elements remain in the modern language – the genitive particle tsu (superseded by modern no )
12614-438: Was not his own work but actually an illustration combining, or rather fusing together, its characters Gohan and Trunks that he sent in to a 1995 contest and won a prize for. Yabuki was an extra in the 2003 movie Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S. , running through the streets of Roppongi Hills . Yabuki's first serialized manga, Yamato Gensōki , briefly ran in Weekly Shōnen Jump in 1998. His first popular series, Black Cat ,
12733-508: Was published in two-in-one omnibus volumes, while To Love Ru Darkness was released as single volumes. Both series were originally slated to begin publication in October 2017, but were later delayed to December 2017. An anime television series adaptation produced by Xebec and directed by Takao Kato aired in Japan between April 4 and September 26, 2008, and contains twenty-six episodes. The anime uses characters and general themes from
12852-416: Was published on August 17, 2012. Three art books have been published for the two manga series; Love Color on January 4, 2010, Venus on October 9, 2012, and Harem Gold on May 2, 2016. An official data book was published on March 4, 2011, while a guidebook to Darkness was published on October 3, 2014. To Love Ru Chronicle , a special book celebrating the tenth anniversary of To Love Ru and its sequel,
12971-441: Was published on November 2, 2017. It features tribute illustrations by artists such as Akira Toriyama , Rumiko Takahashi , Eiichiro Oda , and Hajime Isayama . To Love Ru and To Love Ru Darkness had over 16 million copies in circulation by March 2017. According to Oricon and Tohan, the collected volumes of To Love Ru consistently ranked in the top 10 best-selling manga during their first weeks of release in Japan. Volume 7
13090-475: Was released in North America and adapted into several anime television series and original video animations (OVAs), which have also been released internationally. Yabuki's one-shot "Futagami Double" was published in the January 4, 2010, issue of Weekly Shōnen Jump . That month, he began illustrating a manga adaptation of Tomohiro Matsu 's Mayoi Neko Overrun! light novel series for Jump SQ. before it
13209-517: Was released on May 22, 2014, for the PlayStation Vita . It was developed by FuRyu, the developer of Unchained Blades . Lala Satalin Deviluke appears as a support character in the Jump crossover fighting game J-Stars Victory VS . A smartphone game titled To Love Ru Darkness: Idol Revolution was released on March 19, 2014; the game was later added to the website DMM.com on May 13, 2015. A game titled To Love Ru Darkness: True Princess
13328-446: Was released on May 27, 2014, and the English dub began streaming on Hidive on February 2, 2021. Six OVA episodes of To Love Ru Darkness were produced by Xebec and released with the limited editions of the manga's 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, 12th, and 13th volumes on DVD on August 17, 2012, December 19, 2012, August 19, 2013, December 4, 2013, December 4, 2014, and April 3, 2015, respectively. A twelve-episode anime television series adaptation
13447-465: Was released on November 5, 2015 for the PlayStation Vita. A drama CD for To Love Ru was released on February 29, 2008, with an original story, featuring the voice cast later used in the anime, along with character songs . Hikaru Wakatsuki wrote two novels based on the series; To Love Ru: Dangerous Girls' Talk was published on August 3, 2009, and To Love Ru Darkness: Little Sisters
13566-530: Was serialized between October 4, 2010, and March 4, 2017 in the monthly manga magazine Jump Square . Shueisha collected and published its 77 individual chapters in 18 volumes for Darkness from March 4, 2011, to April 4, 2017. Additionally, two bonus chapters were published in the May and June 2017 issues of Jump Square . The series was republished in a 10-volume bunkoban edition between October 16, 2020, and February 18, 2021. To celebrate Yabuki's 20th anniversary as
13685-474: Was serialized in Shueisha's Jump Square magazine from October 2010 to March 2017, and the chapters collected into 18 tankōbon volumes. Between 2012 and 2017, Xebec produced 10 OVA episodes and 26 anime television series episodes based on To Love Ru Darkness . The To Love Ru and To Love Ru Darkness manga series have over 16 million copies in circulation. Set in the fictional city of Sainan ( 彩南 ) ,
13804-458: Was serialized in the same magazine between July 2000 and June 2004. It sold over 12 million copies in Japan and was adapted into an anime television series by Gonzo . Both were released in North America. Upon its ending, Yabuki expressed desire to make a sequel or make its characters reappear in another work. Yabuki then teamed up with Saki Hasemi and illustrated the Weekly Shōnen Jump series To Love Ru (2006–2009) while Hasemi wrote it. It
13923-430: Was set on two things; having a love triangle between Rito, Lala, and Haruna, and that Rito could not be a pervert. They initially imagined the series as mainly a comedy featuring Rito and Lala, with Rito only longing for Haruna. But as they had more meetings, this changed to Haruna also being a featured character with feelings for Rito, in order to emphasize the love triangle. Hasemi said once Yabuki decided on Peke being
14042-442: Was the best-selling manga volume in its week of release, while two versions (a regular and a limited edition) of volumes 13, 15, and 17 ranked in the top 30 during their respective release weeks. Like its predecessor, the collected volumes of To Love Ru Darkness all ranked in the top 10 best-selling manga during their first weeks of release. Two versions (a regular and a limited edition) of volumes 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15, and 17 ranked in
14161-592: Was transferred to Jump SQ.19 in August 2010. In October 2010, Yabuki and Hasemi began To Love Ru Darkness in Jump SQ. . In August 2011 the editorial department suddenly announced that Mayoi Neko Overrun! had ended without giving an explanation. To Love Ru Darkness ran until 2017 and, like the original, the sequel series was released in North America and adapted into several anime television series and OVAs, which have also been released internationally. Together,
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