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133-452: An element borrowed from professional wrestling's catch wrestling origins, stretches (or submission holds) are techniques in which a wrestler holds another in a position that puts stress on the opponent's body. Stretches are usually employed to weaken an opponent or to force them to submit , either vocally or by tapping out : slapping the mat, floor, or opponent with a free hand three times. Many of these holds, when applied vigorously, stretch

266-400: A "cravate". This hold is a staple of European style wrestling and technical wrestling influenced by European wrestling. An inverted version of the cravate is used by Chris Hero as part of his "Hangman's Clutch" submissions in which the hand positioning is the same as a normal cravate but the facelock is connected around the face of the opponent, not from behind the opponent's head, thus pulling

399-401: A 2018 tournament in memory of professional wrestling champion and catch wrestling coach Billy Robinson . The English term "catch as catch can" is generally understood to mean "catch (a hold) anywhere you can". As this implies, the rules of catch wrestling were more open than the earlier folk styles it was based on, as well as its French Greco-Roman counterpart, which did not allow holds below

532-640: A bridging position where the wrestler wraps both hands around the opponent's neck and pulls back, which applies pressure to the neck and bridges on the opponent's back for added leverage. This variation is used as a submission finisher by Sasha Banks as the Bank Statement and by Taka Michinoku as the Just Facelock . Used by Chris Benoit as the Crippler Crossface ; in the adjacent picture, he has pulled so far back that he finished

665-513: A catch wrestler was a "hooker," with the similar term "shooter" being relegated to specially skilled hookers. Catch wrestling techniques may include, but are not limited to: the arm bar , Japanese arm bar, straight arm bar, hammerlock, bar hammerlock, wrist lock , top wrist lock, double wrist lock (this hold is also known as the Kimura in MMA , or the reverse Ude-Garami in judo), coil lock (this hold

798-517: A concession as does shouting out "Uncle!", back in the heyday of catch wrestling rolling to one's back could also signify defeat, as it would mean a pin. Catch-as-catch-can toeholds typically only exert force if the opponent sits still; therefore, Frank Gotch won many matches by forcing his opponent to roll over onto their back with the threat of his signature toehold. A "hook" can be defined as an undefined move that stretches, spreads, twists, or compresses any joint or limb. Therefore, another name for

931-583: A couple of times. In a 2010 interview, Ross stated that he and his brother Marshall are also training to become professional wrestlers. They debuted as a tag team for Pro Wrestling Noah on July 22, 2012. Ross and Marshall made their national television debut as part of the Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) Slammiversary XII PPV on June 15, 2014, in a tag match defeating The BroMans via disqualification. In July 2017 Ross, along with his brother Marshall and father Kevin, wrestled at

1064-404: A crossface. This move can also be known by the underrepresented term coil lock in catch wrestling . This move is notably used by Axiom during his time as A-Kid. Also known as a spinning armlock. The standing attacking wrestler grabs the wrist of a face down opponent, pulling it towards themselves, then steps over the opponent's outstretched arm, placing one leg to either side. From this point,

1197-455: A dragon bite, this move sees the attacking wrestler behind a standing opponent, pulling them backwards into an inverted facelock and wrapping their legs around the opponent's body with a body scissors . The attacker then arches backwards, putting pressure on the opponent's neck and spine. This move is used on an opponent trapped within the ring ropes, which makes the move illegal under most match rules. The wrestler applies an inverted facelock to

1330-651: A fatal dose of tranquilizers and alcohol around April 12, 1987, in Denton County, Texas . He was missing for 4-5 days, with the date of death being set the Sunday after bailing out of jail. Born Chris Barton Adkisson on September 30, 1969, in Dallas, Texas , Chris Von Erich was the youngest of the Von Erich family. With his short stature (5'5”), asthma, and extremely brittle bones, which were prone to breaking, Chris

1463-566: A few countries, such as in France and Germany, "catch" is still the term used for professional wrestling. Catch-as-catch-can was included in the 1904 Olympic Games and continued through the 1936 Games; it had new rules and weight categories introduced similar to other amateur wrestling styles, and dangerous moves — including all submission holds — were banned. New rules and regulations were later developed and codified by FILA and amateur catch wrestling became known as freestyle wrestling , which

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1596-400: A few years afterward Chambers was induced to adopt the objectionable fashion of allowing the competitors to wrestle on all fours on the ground. This new departure was the forerunner of the total abolition of the sport at that athletic, and within a short period the wrestling , as an item in the programme. Various promoters of the exercise, notably J. Wannop, of New Cross, attempted to bring

1729-419: A full nelson, the attacker slips both their arms under the opponent's armpits and locks their hands behind their opponent's neck. The half and three-quarter nelsons are usually transition holds, as they are in amateur wrestling. For the half nelson the attacker slips one arm under the opponent's armpit and places it on the neck. The three-quarter nelson is done by performing a half nelson using one hand and passing

1862-608: A heel champion in the WWF. Jinder Mahal also uses this move called the Punjabi Clutch . Miro performs a variation he calls Game Over , where he stomps on his opponent's back before applying the hold, this move was previously called The Accolade when Miro was Rusev in the WWE. A standing variation of the camel clutch is also used, with this variation popularized by Scott Steiner in the late 1990s as he used it as his finisher, dubbed

1995-477: A judge would render the final decision. Six weight classes were introduced and all submission holds were banned. In 1912, the Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées (FILA)—current United World Wrestling—was founded in order to better organize Olympic wrestling. In 1921, FILA set the "rules of the game" which regulated and codified a new ruleset derived from catch; the new name chosen

2128-456: A majority of the Japanese fighters from Pancrase , Shooto and the now defunct RINGS bear links to catch wrestling. Randy Couture , Kazushi Sakuraba , Kamal Shalorus , Masakatsu Funaki , Takanori Gomi , Shinya Aoki and Josh Barnett , among other mixed martial artists, study catch wrestling as their primary submission style. The term no holds barred was used originally to describe

2261-517: A mandible claw hold named the Lockjaw . Bryan Danielson recently will sometimes transition into this move while already having applied the LeBell Lock effectively making this version of the move a Scissored armbar omoplata crossface . Similar to a crossface, this move sees a wrestler standing above a face-down opponent. The wrestler then crosses their opponent's arms, keeping them in place with

2394-399: A nelson hold involves the wrestler applying the hold forces the opponent prone on the mat and drives their knees into the opponent's upper back. STF is short for "Stepover Toehold Facelock". This hold is performed on an opponent who is lying face down on the mat. The wrestler grabs one of the opponent's legs and places the opponent's ankle between their thighs. The wrestler then lies on top of

2527-443: A new business model where the trio would promote large shows around the country and maintain wrestlers under long-term contracts, leading to the success of the partnership. Soon other promoters followed suit and the industry was fundamentally changed. In modern times, professional wrestling is regarded as being, by definition, prearranged entertainment and is legally classed as such by legislatures such as New York (19 CRR-NY 213.2) It

2660-422: A physician who, in 1966, took up professional wrestling and was said to have derived the move from his knowledge of human anatomy. Under the advice of Paul Heyman and with Foley's blessing, Bray Wyatt also used the hold as part of his " The Fiend " persona. Similar to a clawhold, the attacking wrestler applies a nerve lock onto the opponent's shoulder(s) using their hands and fingers for a submission attempt. It

2793-518: A prone position involving the wrestler trapping one of the opponent's arms. Chris Benoit 's Crippler Crossface was a variation that involved the arm trap. Bobby Roode used the same move in TNA , but not in the WWE since 2016. Edge 's variation is where he used a metal bar on the opponent's mouth as the Glasgow Grin . A variation is performed from the omoplata position, which also puts pressure on

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2926-406: A seated opponent, places their far leg between the opponent's legs, and pushes their near leg's knee against the opponent's back. The wrestler then pulls the opponent's head backwards with their arms and the opponent's far leg outwards with their leg. Used by Taichi as Seteii Juhjiro. In this hold, a wrestler who is facing away from an opponent wraps their arm around the neck of an opponent. This

3059-572: A series of mixed martial arts bouts against the champions of other disciplines, including a legitimate mixed-rules match against boxer Muhammad Ali . This resulted in unprecedented popularity of the clash-of-styles bouts in Japan. His matches showcased catch wrestling moves like the sleeper hold, cross arm breaker, seated armbar, Indian deathlock and keylock. Gotch's students formed the original Universal Wrestling Federation (Japan) in 1984 with Akira Maeda , Satoru Sayama , and Yoshiaki Fujiwara as

3192-424: A sitting opponent and wrap around one arm under the opponent's chin and lock their hands. As with a sleeper hold, this move can also be performed from a standing position. Another variation of this hold, referred to as a bridging reverse chinlock, sees the attacking wrestler crouch before a face-down opponent and wrap around one arm under the opponent's chin and lock their hands before applying a bridge. Also known as

3325-558: A standing variation called the Master Lock and the Hurt Lock respectively, where they lock the nelson in and swing their opponent back and forth alternating pressure between their shoulders. Lashley sometimes locks his opponents into a body scissors to immobilize them. The normal Full Nelson hold was also used by the late WWF superstar Hercules . An old catch wrestling hold made somewhat famous by Stu Hart , this variation of

3458-451: A third generation: Kerry's daughter Lacey wrestled from 2007 until 2010, and Kevin's sons Marshall and Ross have been wrestling since 2012, including as a tag team named "The Von Erichs". The deaths of Kevin's brothers are the main basis for a widespread myth about a family curse . The term "Von Erich curse" is also used colloquially to refer to the chain of events leading to each brother's death, as well as associated tragedies (such as

3591-772: A top star in many National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) promotions, most notably in St. Louis and in World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW). He held the AWA World Heavyweight Championship at one time in the 1960s. Despite never winning the NWA World Heavyweight Championship , he maintained his presence within the NWA, holding many other major belts. Fritz also served shortly as NWA President in

3724-513: A variation he called the Swinging Neckbreaker (not to be confused with the neckbreaker variation), where he would lock the hold on and lift the opponent off the ground, then spin them in the air. There is also an inverted version where instead of performing the move from behind the opponent, the wrestler stands in front of the opponent and uses the move in the same way as the normal full nelson. Chris Masters and Bobby Lashley uses

3857-499: A wrestler he called "Rip Von Erich", who was played by a wrestler who had previously gone under the name Kit Osbourne in other promotions. Rick LeRibeus, a Texas-based wrestler, has been billed as "Mark Von Erich" since the 1990s. This eventually became a storyline in the Global Wrestling Federation with Skandor Akbar accusing LeRibeus of being an illegitimate son of Fritz Von Erich . On March 16, 2009, it

3990-595: Is Adkisson , but every member working in wrestling has used the ring name "Von Erich" after family patriarch Fritz Von Erich (real name Jack Adkisson). Fritz, who wrestled from 1953 to his retirement in 1982, took on the German-sounding name as part of his wrestling gimmick (i.e. in-ring persona), as he originally portrayed a Nazi heel . Fritz and his wife Doris had six children between 1952 and 1969, all sons. Except for their firstborn Jack Jr., who died at age six, all went on to become professional wrestlers. By

4123-435: Is a modified version of an STF in which the wrestler wraps their arm around the neck of the opponent in a sleeper hold instead of pulling back on the head of the opponent. Popularised by Masahiro Chono . Essentially a reverse crucifix armbar with neck submission. The opponent is on their stomach with the attacker to their side, grabbing the near arm and pulling the opponent on their side before stepping over their head with

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4256-500: Is also called a Trapezius Claw due to the muscle group targeted. One variant may see the wrestler instead lock their hands on the opponent's neck. It is the finishing hold of African wrestler Shaun Koen of the Africa Wrestling Alliance . This is also known as a Nerve hold , due to its association with The Great Khali and was formerly used by Classy Freddie Blassie . Also known as a stomach vise, just like

4389-428: Is also called a "reverse chancery". Though this is an often-used rest hold, it is also sometimes the beginning of a standard bulldog move. The wrestler stands in front of the opponent while both people are facing the same direction, with some space in between the two. Then, the wrestler moves slightly to the left while still positioned in front of the opponent. The wrestler then uses the near hand to reach back and grab

4522-412: Is also known as an Omoplata in MMA ), head scissors, body scissors, chest lock, abdominal lock, abdominal stretch, leg lock , knee bar, ankle lock, heel hook, toe hold, half Nelson , and full Nelson . The rules of catch wrestling would change from venue to venue. Matches contested with side-bets at the coal mines or logging camps favoured submission wins where there was absolutely no doubt as to who

4655-710: Is founded in catch wrestling through its various incarnations of amateur wrestling . Professional wrestling , once a legitimate combat sport , was competitive catch wrestling. The original and historic World Heavyweight Wrestling Championship was created in 1905 to identify the best catch-as-catch-can wrestler in the world, before the belt was retired in 1957 and unified with the NWA World Heavyweight Championship . Modern day professional wrestling has its origins in catch wrestling exhibitions at carnivals where predetermined ( "worked" ) matches had elements of performing arts introduced (as well as striking and acrobatic manoeuvres ), turning it into an entertainment spectacle. In

4788-447: Is nonetheless still feasible to hold catch wrestling competitions with all the rules and trappings of professional wrestling (roped elevated quadrilateral ring, submission and three count pinfall as equal goals, etc.). A rules system for such competition was devised by professional wrestling champion and catch wrestling coach Karl Gotch for fellow catch wrestler Jake Shannon's "King of Catch" tournaments and similar rules were employed for

4921-429: Is on their stomach while the attacker reaches under one of the opponent's arms, locking their hands together. The attacker then drops to the side opposite that of the arm that they grabbed (if they grabbed the right arm, they will fall on their left side). The opponent will thus be on their back, with one of the attacker's legs under the victim's upper back and hooking their free arm. The attacker throws their other leg over

5054-417: Is purported to cause intense, legitimate pain. The hold is applied when the aggressor places their middle and ring fingers into the opponent's mouth, sliding them under the tongue and jabbing into the soft tissue found at the bottom of the mouth. The thumb (and sometimes palm) of the same hand is placed under the jaw, and pressure is applied downward by the middle and ring fingers while the thumb/palm forces

5187-649: Is rooted in catch wrestling as Farmer Burns and his student Frank Gotch are known as the grandfathers of wrestling in Iowa. A notable match in 1914 was between two prime representatives of their respective crafts: the German-American catch wrestler Ad Santel was the world light heavyweight champion in catch wrestling, while Tokugoro Ito , a fifth-degree black belt in judo, claimed to be the world judo champion. Santel defeated Ito and proclaimed himself world judo champion. The response from Jigoro Kano 's Kodokan

5320-545: Is the daughter of Kerry Von Erich. She was previously with World Wrestling Entertainment and Total Nonstop Action (TNA) where she was a former TNA Knockouts Tag Team Champion . She retired in 2010. Waldo Von Erich was the stage name of Canadian professional wrestler Walter Sieber. Though billed as the brother of Fritz Von Erich when they teamed, he is not related to the Adkisson family. Waldo died in July 2009. Lance Von Erich

5453-459: Is used to set up powerbombs or piledrivers. A couple of variants are often to be seen. In the first, having the opponent's head tuck between the attacker's knees, the latter leaps up and releases the hold while landing, causing a whiplash on the opponent's neck. Wrestlers as André the Giant or Junkyard Dog were famed for its using. In the second one and holding the opponent in the same position,

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5586-749: The Florida territory to show that he could work as a heel. This run was successful, with David enjoying brief reigns as both singles and tag team champion. David was married on June 26, 1978, to Candy L. McLeod. Together, they had a daughter Natosha Zoeanna (born October 19, 1978). The baby died in infancy and David's marriage soon ended in divorce on July 12, 1979. He married again on June 8, 1982, to Patricia A. Matter. They remained together until David's death. David died on February 10, 1984, in Tokyo , Japan. The US Embassy's death report says he died of acute enteritis . Ric Flair wrote in his autobiography, To Be

5719-794: The Paddington Recreation Ground , which was attended by Lord Mayor Whitehead and sheriffs in state. Wrestling on the "catch-as-catch-can" principle was new to many spectators, but it was generally approved of as a great step in advance of the loose-hold system, which includes struggling on the ground and sundry objectionable tactics, such as catching hold of the legs, twisting arms, dislocating fingers, and other items of attack and defence peculiar to Lancashire wrestling . Catch wrestling drew from international influences, most notably Indian pehlwani wrestling. British heavyweight champion Tom Cannon , an early practitioner of catch wrestling, visited British India in 1892, where he

5852-917: The Rage Megashow in Israel. In May 2019, Ross and Marshall signed a multi-year contract with Major League Wrestling (MLW). Kevin Marshall Adkisson (born November 10, 1992), better known as Marshall Von Erich , is the son of Kevin Von Erich. He is named after his father. He was trained by Kevin, Harley Race and at the Noah dojo. He debuted in 2012, with his brother Ross in Pro Wrestling Noah. He adapted his father's trademark of wrestling barefoot. Marshall and Ross made their national television debut at Slammiversary XII on June 15, 2014, where they defeated The BroMans . On May 29, 2015,

5985-585: The Snare Trap , while Kazuchika Okada uses a kneeling version called the Red Ink . An arm-trap variation of this move was invented by WWE wrestler William Regal and is currently known as a Regal Stretch . The inverted Indian deathlock facelock, or a "Muta lock". The wrestler first takes the opponent's legs then, bends them at the knees, and crosses them, placing one ankle in the other leg's knee-pit before then turning around so that they are facing away from

6118-535: The Steiner Recliner . His nephew Bron Breakker has also used the standing version as well. Another version of this move sees the wrestler standing over the opponent who's face-down reaches for and places the opponent's nearest arm around the wrestler's far waist before applying the hold. WWE wrestler Veer Mahaan uses this move as a finisher calling it the Cervical Clutch . A rolling variation of

6251-733: The WWE Hall of Fame in 2009 , and he, David, Kerry and Kevin were all individually inducted into the St. Louis Wrestling Hall of Fame between 2007 and 2016. The family was the subject of a Dark Side of the Ring episode in 2019, and the 2023 biographical film The Iron Claw , titled after the Von Erichs' signature move. Fritz Von Erich was born Jack Barton Adkisson on August 16, 1929, in Jewett, Texas. Originally trained by Stu Hart , Fritz became

6384-577: The World Class Championship Wrestling promotion. It was there that he faced off with Harley Race and later Ric Flair several times for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship (never winning), as well as teamed with brothers Kevin and Kerry against The Fabulous Freebirds . David also wrestled in Missouri , winning the Missouri Heavyweight Championship on a couple of occasions. From late 1981 to mid-1982, David wrestled in

6517-435: The carnivals . The carnivals' wrestlers challenged the locals as part of the carnival's "athletic show" and the locals had their chance to win a cash reward if they could defeat the carnival's strongman by a pin or a submission . Eventually, the carnivals' wrestlers began preparing for the worst kind of unarmed assault and aiming to end the wrestling match with any tough local quickly and decisively via submission. A hook

6650-483: The " iron claw ", the claw involves the attacker gripping the top of the head of the opponent with one hand and squeezing the tips of their fingers into the opponent's skull, thereby applying five different points of pressure. This can be transitioned into a clawhold STO or iron claw slam . There is also double-handed version sometimes known as a head vise. The wrestler performing the hold approaches their opponent from behind and grips their head with both hands. While in

6783-411: The 1920s, most catch wrestling competitions started to become predetermined professional wrestling. As interest in professional matches started to wane, wrestlers began choreographing some of their matches to make the matches less physically taxing, shorter in duration, with better flow, more entertaining—giving emphasis on readable and more impressive moves—and with bigger focus on the personal charisma of

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6916-476: The 1970s, as well as President of WCCW when it moved to Dallas, Texas . Fritz was also a major part of Japanese wrestling , where he was known as " Tetsu no Tsume " ( 鉄の爪 ; "The Iron Claw"), and helped rebuild the business after the death of Rikidōzan . Fritz married Doris on June 23, 1950. Together, they had six sons before divorcing on July 21, 1992. On September 10, 1997, Fritz died of lung cancer that had spread to his brain. Fritz Von Erich's first son

7049-460: The American style at the time. In 1871 (31 years later), John Graham Chambers , of aquatic and pedestrian fame, and sometime editor of Land and Water , endeavoured to introduce and promote a new system of wrestling at Little Bridge Grounds, West Brompton , which he denominated, "the catch-as-catch-can style; first down to lose". However, the new idea met with little support at the time, and

7182-485: The Man , that "everyone in wrestling believes" that it was a drug overdose that really killed him and that Bruiser Brody (a fellow wrestler who found David) disposed of the narcotics by flushing them down a toilet before the police arrived. Mick Foley also claims that David died from an apparent drug overdose. A tribute show was held a couple of months later in his honor, during which his younger brother, Kerry Von Erich, won

7315-610: The NWA World Title from Ric Flair. Kerry Von Erich was the fourth son of Fritz Von Erich. He was born Kerry Gene Adkisson on February 3, 1960, in Niagara Falls, New York . Known as "The Modern Day Warrior" and "The Texas Tornado", Kerry was by far the best-known of the Von Erich Family. Much like his brothers, Kerry spent the majority of his career wrestling in World Class Championship Wrestling . Amongst

7448-575: The UK, catch wrestling combines several British styles of wrestling (primarily Lancashire , as well as Cumberland, Westmorland , Devonshire and Cornish ) along with influences from the Indian pehlwani and Irish collar-and-elbow styles of wrestling. In America by 1840, the phrase "catch as catch can" was used to describe rough and tumble fighting . The training of many modern submission wrestlers , professional wrestlers and mixed martial artists

7581-558: The WCCW footage to Vince McMahon and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). At WrestleMania 25 , Kevin represented the Von Erich family during their induction into the WWE Hall of Fame . In 2015, Kevin appeared in an ESPN 30 for 30 short film titled "Wrestling the Curse". "The Yellow Rose of Texas" David Von Erich was the third son of Fritz Von Erich. He was born David Alan Adkisson on July 22, 1958, in Dallas, Texas . David worked in

7714-439: The attacker twists the legs from the hip in a "Neck crank" variant. Popularized by Curt Hennig . The nelson hold in professional wrestling usually takes the form of the full nelson, half nelson, or three-quarter nelson. In all three variations, the wrestler slips either one or both arms underneath the opponent's armpits from behind and locks their hands behind their neck, pushing the opponent's head forward against their chest. For

7847-413: The attacking wrestler crouches down behind a sitting opponent and places their knee into the opponent's upper back, then reaches forward and grasps the opponent's chin with both hands. The attacker then either pulls straight back on the chin or wrenches it to the side. A maneuver similar to a neck wrench where the wrestler faces a bent-over opponent. The attacking wrestler tucks the opponent's top/back of

7980-416: The bottom rope, if the opponent is lying against it. The omoplata (AKA ashi-sankaku-garami in judo) is an armlock that targets the shoulder. The locking mechanism is similar to the kimura lock, but instead of using a figure-four, it is applied using a leg. The omoplata can be applied from the guard, by placing one leg under the opponent's armpit and turning 180 degrees in the direction of that leg, so that

8113-578: The brothers debuted at Imperial Wrestling Revolution, their new home promotion. They won the IWR Tag Team Championships from the Arrow Club in 2017. In July 2017 Marshall, along with his brother Ross and father Kevin, wrestled at the Rage Megashow in Israel. In May 2019, Marshall and Ross signed a multi-year contract with Major League Wrestling (MLW). Lacey Dawn Adkisson (born July 17, 1986), better known as Lacey Von Erich

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8246-492: The camel clutch is also used, with this variation popularized by Maryse Ouellet , dubbed French Pain . Big Show uses a kneeling variation of this move called the Colossal Clutch . The attacking wrestler stands over a face-down opponent, facing the same direction. The wrestler first hooks each of the opponent's legs underneath their own armpits as if performing a reverse Boston crab , then reaches down and underneath

8379-470: The claim of being the world judo champion in 1921 in order to pursue a career in full-time professional wrestling . Although Tokugoro Ito avenged his loss to Santel with a choke , official Kodokan representatives proved unable to imitate Ito's success. Just as Ito was the only Japanese judoka to overcome Santel, Santel was the only Western catch-wrestler on record as having a win over Ito, who also regularly challenged other grappling styles. Karl Gotch

8512-614: The crossface, where the attacking wrestler locks their hands around the opponent's chin (or lower face), then pulls back, stretching the opponent's neck and shoulder. Former NXT wrestler Johnny Gargano uses this hold as a finishing submission move, calling it the Garga-No-Escape . Drew McIntyre briefly used it in TNA as the Iron Maiden . This is a scissored armbar combined with a crossface. The attacking wrestler traps one of

8645-435: The death of David's two-month-old daughter of SIDS in 1978). The story of the Von Erich family has been presented as a cautionary tale about parental influence and the various dangers of the professional wrestling business. They remain one of the best-known families in professional wrestling, both for their accomplishments and their tragic personal history: Fritz and all five of his wrestler sons were collectively inducted into

8778-571: The flying variant, see below) and Ronda Rousey perform this move a finisher. Bryan Danielson popularized and invented a variation, dubbed the Danielson Special , where he would flip his opponent with a butterfly suplex before locking in the cross armbar. This variation begins with the wrestler standing on either side of the bent-over opponent. The wrestler then steps over one of the opponent's arms while holding that arm's wrist, and then rolls or twists their body in mid-air while holding

8911-422: The frontier which was characterized by its lack of strict rules and the use of any and all tactics to achieve victory. The phrase "catch as catch can" reflected the improvisational nature of the style, where wrestlers utilized whatever holds they could "catch" on their opponent with the primary goal being to make the opponent verbally quit by using grappling techniques including holds and dirty moves associated with

9044-415: The head into their own chest and wraps an arm around the opponent's neck so that their forearm is pressed against the opponent's throat. The wrestler then places their own spare arm under the other hand and over the opponent's back to lock in the hold, compressing the opponent's neck. The attacking wrestler can then arch backwards, pulling the opponent's head downward. This move sees the attacker kneel behind

9177-407: The hold in, compressing the opponent's neck. The attacking wrestler can then arch backwards, pulling the opponent's head forward and thus applying extra pressure on the neck. The wrestler faces their opponent, who is bent over. The attacking wrestler tucks the opponent's head underneath their armpit and wraps their arm around the head so that the forearm is pressed against the face. From this point on

9310-500: The hold seated, which he did not always do. In Daniel Bryan 's variation of the move as the LeBell Lock , he takes the opponent's arm and puts it in an omoplata . From here, the wrestler puts the opponent in a crossface, wrenching the neck and shoulder. This move was also used by Kenta as the Game Over. The wrestler goes to a fallen opponent and places the opponent's nearest arm over the wrestler's nearest shoulder before applying

9443-409: The jaw upwards, which is purported to compress the nerves in the jaw and thus render the opponent's jaw paralyzed; this, therefore, prevents the opponent from breaking the hold by biting the wrestler's fingers, as Mick Foley explained to Vince McMahon when questioned about it during his interviews prior to joining the WWF in 1996. Although Foley popularized the move, it was invented by Sam Sheppard ,

9576-401: The left arm, they will use their left leg) around the back of the opponent's neck (against the back of their knee) and bracing their foot against the front of the other shoulder, they steps over their opponent with their other leg, squatting down. Also known as a keylock , Top shoulder lock , Americana , and ude-garami , (a term borrowed from judo ). This armlock sees the wrestler grappling

9709-404: The leg moves over the back of the opponent and entangles the opponent's arm. By controlling the opponent's body and pushing the arm perpendicularly away from the opponent's back, pressure can be put on the opponent's shoulder. It is also possible to put pressure on the elbow joint by bending the leg entangling the arm and twisting it in a specific manner. It is usually done to set up the opponent for

9842-487: The legs before applying the crossface. The wrestler bends one of their fingers into a hook and uses it to stretch the opponent's mouth or nose. An illegal hold under usual rules. Austin Aries uses a half surfboard variation, called Fish Hook of Doom , where the opponent is lying face down; they grab one of the opponent's wrists with one hand and fish hooks the opponent's mouth with the other, and then places his knees against

9975-522: The likes of the Indian heavyweight champion Great Gama , Imam Baksh Pahalwan , Gulam , Bulgarian heavyweight champion Dan Kolov , Swiss champion John Lemm, Americans Frank Gotch , Tom Jenkins , Ralph Parcaut , Ad Santel , Ed Lewis , Lou Thesz and Benjamin Roller , Mitsuyo Maeda from Japan, and Georg Hackenschmidt from Estonia. Wrestling made a return at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis , US, but different from previous editions, wrestling

10108-606: The many major feuds he had were those against Gino Hernandez , Iceman Parsons , Chris Adams and The Fabulous Freebirds . Kerry became the most successful of the Von Erich family when he won the NWA World Heavyweight Title from Ric Flair at the David Von Erich Memorial Parade of Champions , a tribute show to his deceased older brother. Kerry lost the belt three weeks later to Flair. Kerry also wrestled for several months under

10241-474: The much more athletic Adams, Kerry or Kevin wrestled Austin. After several years of not being able to succeed in the wrestling business, Chris became depressed and frustrated. He was also heartbroken over the loss of his brother, Mike, and experienced drug addiction. On September 12, 1991, aged 21, he shot himself in the head. His brother Kevin and mother attempted to dissuade him from his suicidal tendencies that same day. An apparent suicide note had been found at

10374-545: The new system prominently before the public, with the view of amalgamating the three English styles viz. the Cumberland and Westmorland , Cornwall and Devon , and Lancashire . The sudden development of the Cumberland and Westmorland Amateur Wrestling Society brought the new style prominently to the front, and special prizes were given for competition in that class at the society's first annual midsummer gathering at

10507-540: The opponent and places one of their feet into the triangle created by the opponent's crossed legs. The wrestler then places the opponent's free ankle under their knee-pit and bridges backwards to reach over their head and locks their arms around the opponent's head. Invented by The Great Muta , this move has been adapted and performed by various wrestlers such as Melina Perez ( California Dream ) and Emma ( Emma Lock ) as finishing moves, signature moves, and setups to finishers. Short for "stepover toehold sleeper", this hold

10640-479: The opponent and wrapping their legs around either side of the opponent's head, crossing the top leg after it has gone around the opponent's chin. The wrestler then tightens their grip to choke an opponent by compressing their throat. WWE wrestler Naomi has a crucifix variation calling it Feel the Glow . The wrestler tucks a bent-over opponent's head in between their legs or thighs. In professional wrestling this move

10773-404: The opponent backwards. The wrestler tucks the opponent's head face-up under their armpit and wraps their arm around the head, so that their forearm is pressed against the back of the opponent's neck. The wrestler then pulls the opponent's head backwards and up, wrenching the opponent's neck. Naomichi Marufuji invented a single underhook variation, called Perfect Facelock. Also commonly known as

10906-464: The opponent from behind the head, thus pulling the opponent's head above the wrestler's shoulder. Sometimes the free arm is placed at the top of the opponent's head. The move is also referred to as a "European headlock", due to its prominence in European wrestling. The two-handed version sees the wrestler use both hands and is sometimes referred to as a "¾ chancery", "side head chancery" and, most often,

11039-441: The opponent into a pin under the threat of pain and injury. According to Tommy Heyes, student of Billy Riley , there are no registers of a single classical catch wrestler winning by submission. This is the reason why leglocks and neck cranks were emphasized as valid techniques, as while they are difficult to use as finishing moves without a good base, they can be used to force movement. Also, just as today "tapping out" signifies

11172-413: The opponent's arms in a stepover armlock , turning 360° so the opponent's arm is bent around the leg of the attacking wrestler. The wrestler will then sandwich the arm between their own leg and the side of the opponent's body. The wrestler then reaches forwards and applies a chinlock as in a standard camel clutch, leaning backwards to apply pressure to the upper back and arm. Also known as a rear chinlock,

11305-504: The opponent's back and locks their arms around the opponent's head. The wrestler then pulls back, stretching the opponent's back, neck, and knee. The move was popularised by Lou Thesz , albeit it is a traditional catch wrestling move pre-dating Lou Thesz by many decades; it was further popularised by Masahiro Chono and John Cena , who named it the STFU . Samoa Joe , Jazz , Erik Watts and Nikki Bella have also used this move. Starting in

11438-552: The opponent's chin in their cupped hands, and lean back, pulling on the opponent's chin and applying pressure to their back. A camel clutch can also refer simply to a rear chinlock while seated on the back of an opponent, without placing the arms on the thighs. The move was invented by Gory Guerrero in Mexico, where it was called la de a caballo (horse-mounting choke), but got its more common name from The Sheik who used it as his finisher. The Iron Sheik also used this version while

11571-423: The opponent's chin with both hands, applying a chinlock, and finally leaning back to pull up the opponent's head and neck. Another version of the move is similar to a wheelbarrow facebuster, but instead illegally pulls the hair of the opponent while leaning back to pull up the opponent's head and neck. The attacking wrestler stands over a face-down opponent, facing the same direction. The wrestler then grabs one of

11704-458: The opponent's grappled wrist. This would result in the opponent's arm being shaped into a 4 . As the opponent's wrist is grabbed by both opponent's hands, along with the bent arm, this applies effective pressure into the opponent. The maneuver can be executed on a standing or a downed (facing upwards) opponent. This move has been used by many wrestlers for many years. The wrestler approaches an opponent lying against any set of ropes and grabs one of

11837-520: The opponent's head backwards rather than forwards, putting significant pressure on the neck by stretching it backwards and in other directions toward which the neck would not normally bend. This can also be a setup move for the 3/4 Facelock Jawbreaker , also known as the Stunner , made famous by Steve Austin . Also referred to as a neckscissors, this hold sees a wrestler approach a supine opponent and sit next to them before turning onto their side towards

11970-409: The opponent's muscles or twist their joints uncomfortably, hence the name. Chokes, although not in general stress positions like the other stretches, are usually grouped with stretches as they serve the same tactical purposes. In public performance, for safety's sake, stretches are usually not performed to the point where the opponent must submit or risk injury. Likewise, chokes are usually not applied to

12103-427: The opponent's stretched arm and pulls back with his arms. Also known as "Neck Wrench", the wrestler faces their opponent, who is bent over. The attacking wrestler tucks their opponent's head underneath their armpit and wraps their arm around the neck so that the forearm is pressed against the chin. The wrestler then grabs their own wrist with their free hand, crossing it underneath the opponent's armpit and chest to lock

12236-449: The opponent's trapped arm and then behind the opponent's neck, pushing it forward. The attacker can now roll towards their back, creating more pressure on the neck while hyperextending the opponent's arm across their own chest. Essentially a step-over armbar with neck submission. The opponent is on their back, wrestler standing to their side and reaching down to grab the opponent's far arm, pulling up. Wrapping their same leg (if they grabbed

12369-410: The opponent's wrist with the similar hand (for example, if they use the right arm, they would grab the opponent's right wrist), and with the opponent's wrist still clutched, the wrestler bends the opponent's arm (of the grappled wrist) towards or behind the opponent's head. Then, the wrestler passes their other free arm through the "hole" formed by the opponent's bent arm under the biceps, and then catches

12502-477: The opponent's wrists with their similar arm. The wrestler then pins the arm with the grappled wrist against the second or top rope to the outside of the ring, passes their other arm from under the opponent's biceps, and grapples the opponent's wrist. The whole maneuver would force the opponent's arm to be bent in the number "4" shape, applying more pressure as the arm is trapped between the second or top rope. The rope-hung figure-four armlock can be also grappled through

12635-478: The original clawhold, the attacker applies a painful nerve hold to the adversary's abdomen, forcing them to submit or pass out. The stomach claw was most famously used by Killer Kowalski , naming it the Kowalski claw . This neck crank sees the wrestler wrap both hands around the opponent's face and pull back, which applies pressure to the neck and shoulder area. The move is performed in several ways, usually from

12768-577: The other arm with their legs, stretching the shoulders back in a crucifying position and hyperextending the arm. Catch wrestling Catch wrestling (originally catch-as-catch-can ) is an English style of wrestling with looser rules than forms like Greco-Roman wrestling . For example, catch wrestling allows leg attacks and joint locks. It was popularised by wrestlers of travelling funfairs who developed their own submission holds , referred as "hooks" and "stretches", into their wrestling to increase their effectiveness against their opponents. In

12901-413: The other hand underneath the opponent from the same side. The passing hand goes under the opponent's neck and around the far side to the top of the neck, where it is locked with the other hand around the neck. The full nelson, which is illegal in amateur wrestling, is often used as a submission maneuver by certain wrestlers, such as Chris Masters , as shown in the accompanying picture. Ken Patera performed

13034-465: The point where they cut off the oxygen supply to the opponent's brain. The wrestler begins the hold by standing over a face-down opponent. The wrestler reaches down to pull the opposing wrestler up slightly, sits on the opponent's back, and places both of the opponent's arms across their thighs, usually locking at least one by placing the arm in the crook of their knee. The wrestler then reaches forward, cups their hands with their fingers interlocking, grab

13167-735: The prone opponent's arms in their legs, wraps the opponent's other arm under the attacker's shoulder, and then applies the crossface. Yuji Nagata first popularized this move named the Nagata Lock III as an evolution of his previous hold, the Nagata Lock II , a crossface submission. Batista also used this as the Batista Bite and PAC uses this as The Brutalizer (formerly known as the Rings of Saturn during his time in WWE as Neville). Dr. Britt Baker, D.M.D uses this move with

13300-518: The ring full-time. His only previous appearance on-screen was being involved in an angle where Ric Flair insulted him and wrestled him as a run-up to what was planned as David winning the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, but Fritz pressured Mike into the ring after David's death. Kevin once stated that Mike suffered from the pressure of having to "be David" and to succeed on the same level as his older brothers. Mike

13433-641: The ring name "The Texas Tornado" in both the World Wrestling Federation (where he won the WWF Intercontinental Championship at SummerSlam on August 27, 1990) and Global Wrestling Federation . Kerry was married on June 18, 1983, to Catherine "Cathy" Murray. Together they had two daughters: Hollie Brooke (born September 19, 1984) and Lacey Dawn (born July 17, 1986). Lacey wrestled for several years, most notably with TNA as Lacey Von Erich , before leaving

13566-443: The same leg (if the attacker grabbed the right arm, he'll step over with the right leg). Using that leg as leverage, he'll push the opponent's head downwards and drop to their side so that the opponent must support their own body weight on their squeezed neck. The attacker then uses their free leg to complete the reverse crucifix armbar, trying to hyperextend the elbow. Essentially a scissored armbar with neck submission. The opponent

13699-450: The same position as a regular STF, the attacker takes both the opponent's legs, bends them at the knees, and crosses them, placing one ankle in the other leg's knee-pit. The wrestler then grabs the free ankle and places that ankle between their thighs. They then lie on top of the opponent's back and lock their arms around the opponent's face. The wrestler then pulls back, stretching the opponent's back, neck, and knees. Jungle Boy uses this as

13832-566: The scene. Toxicology reports also revealed cocaine and valium were in Chris' system at the time of his death. David Michael Ross Adkisson (born June 1, 1988), better known as Ross Von Erich , is the son of Kevin Von Erich. He is named after David and Mike. He was trained by Kevin, Harley Race and the Pro Wrestling Noah dojo. Ross returned to Texas to attend college in 2008, according to the family website, and reportedly has wrestled

13965-459: The start of a match. More common in Japan, the UK and Mexico than in the US. Chain wrestling also shares components with Indian leg wrestling and barefoot wrestling, in the sense of seamless transitions between holds and the movement of both competitors. A Von Erich family The Von Erich family is an American professional wrestling family. Originally from Texas , their actual surname

14098-452: The time Fritz died of cancer in 1997 at age 68, five of his sons had predeceased him: Jack Jr. drowned in a freak accident in 1959, David died from enteritis in 1984 at age 25, and Mike , Chris , and Kerry all died by suicide, respectively in 1987 at age 23, 1991 at age 21, and 1993 at age 33. Kevin , Fritz's last surviving son, retired from wrestling in 1995 and remains alive today. The Von Erichs' involvement in wrestling continued into

14231-404: The top grapplers showcasing shoot-style matches. The UWF movement was led by catch wrestlers and gave rise to the mixed martial arts boom in Japan. Wigan stand-out Billy Robinson soon thereafter began training MMA veteran Kazushi Sakuraba . Lou Thesz trained MMA veteran Kiyoshi Tamura . Catch wrestling forms the base of Japan's martial art of shoot wrestling. Japanese professional wrestling and

14364-527: The trapped arm but requires the wrestler to perform it from a seated position. Often referred to as the LeBell Lock, named for Gene LeBell , Daniel Bryan began popularizing the move under the name Yes! Lock when he joined WWE. It was used by Taiji Ishimori on rare occasions until he joined NJPW in 2018, where he used it frequently as the Yes Lock , named after Bryan. Another variation is performed in

14497-554: The vise, the wrestler can control their opponent by squeezing the temples and bring them down to a seated position where more pressure can be exerted. It was invented and used by Baron von Raschke , as well as many members of the Von Erich family , and Blackjack Mulligan . The double-handed version was a signature submission of The Great Khali , dubbed the Vice Grip . A maneuver which, when applied correctly against an individual,

14630-554: The waist. Catch wrestlers can win a match by either submission or pin, and most matches are contested as the best two of three falls, with a maximum length of an hour. Often, but not always, the chokehold was barred. Other fouls like fish-hooking and eye-gouging (which were called "rips" or "ripping") were always forbidden. Pins were the predominant way to win, to the point some matches didn't even include submissions as an additional way; submission holds (also called "punishment holds") were instead exclusively for control and to force

14763-533: The winner was. Meanwhile, professionally booked matches and amateur contests favoured pins that catered to the broader and more gentle paying fan-base. The impact of catch wrestling on modern-day amateur wrestling is also well established. In the film Catch: The Hold Not Taken , US Olympic gold medallist Dan Gable talks of how when he learned to wrestle as an amateur the style was known locally, in Waterloo, Iowa , as catch-as-catch-can. The wrestling tradition of Iowa

14896-433: The wrestler can either grab the opponent's wrist with the free hand and tucks their own head beneath the opponent's armpit and stand upright, locking in the hold, or simply throw the opponent's arm over their own shoulder and grab the opponent's thighs with the free hand. Similar in execution and function to a front chancery, this lock is often used as a setup for a suplex . The wrestler stands behind their opponent and bends

15029-495: The wrestler turns 360 degrees, simultaneously bending the arm of the opponent around the attacker's own leg. The wrestler can over-rotate or turn again to apply more pressure on the arm. The stepover armlock is similar in execution to the spinning toe hold , except that the wrist is held instead of the foot. The wrestler takes hold of the opponent's arm and twists it, putting pressure on the shoulder and elbow. This may sometimes be preceded by an arm wrench . The armbar's innovation

15162-494: The wrestlers, with the introduction of " gimmicks " (in-ring personas) and dramatic storylines surrounding the matches. The " Gold Dust Trio ", formed by heavyweight champion Ed "Strangler" Lewis , his manager Billy Sandow and his fellow wrestler Joseph "Toots" Mondt , are credited with pivoting professional wrestling into a pseudo-competitive exhibition, by introducing the modern form of choreographed action-packed wrestling which they dubbed "slam-bang Western-style wrestling", and

15295-433: The wrestling business in 2010. Kerry and Catherine later separated, before divorcing on April 22, 1992. On June 4, 1986, Kerry was involved in a motorcycle accident that resulted in the amputation of his right foot. He continued wrestling after the accident with a prosthesis and kept the amputation secret from the majority of fans and fellow wrestlers. He became addicted to pain killers, developed several drug problems, and

15428-528: The wrestling method prevalent in catch wrestling tournaments during the late 19th century wherein no wrestling holds were banned from the competition, regardless of how dangerous they might be. The term was later applied to mixed martial arts matches, especially at the advent of the Ultimate Fighting Championship . Chain wrestling, also called chain wrestling sequences, is a sequence of traditional grappling moves usually employed near

15561-446: The wrist, forcing the opponent down to their back and ending in a cross armbar . This variant has been used by Alberto Del Rio , A.J. Styles and Asuka . Kushida uses a variation, where goes on the top rope and places his opponent on the turnbuckle and delivers the move. The wrestler, situated perpendicular to and behind the opponent, holds the opponent's arm with both arms, pulling the arm across their chest. The wrestler then holds

15694-536: Was " freestyle wrestling ", which appears to have been a translation of the French lutte libre , which itself is the French translation of catch-as-catch-can. The name was chosen to distance itself from catch wrestling, which had lost reputation due the rise of professional wrestling . In 1922 the AAU followed suit and adopted the new freestyle rule-set while abandoning catch-as-catch-can for their amateur competitions. By

15827-601: Was a catch wrestler and a student of Billy Riley 's " Snake Pit " gym in Wigan , then in Lancashire . Gotch started to teach catch wrestling to Japanese professional wrestlers in the 1960s and continued to do so for many years. He first trained the likes of Antonio Inoki , Tatsumi Fujinami , Hiro Matsuda , Osamu Kido , then others including Satoru Sayama (Tiger Mask), Akira Maeda , and Yoshiaki Fujiwara . Starting from 1976, one of these professional wrestlers, Inoki, hosted

15960-547: Was a technical submission which could end a match within seconds. As carnival wrestlers travelled, they met with a variety of people, learning and using techniques from various other folk wrestling disciplines, especially Irish collar-and-elbow , many of which were accessible due to a huge influx of immigrants in the United States during this era. Catch wrestling contests also became immensely popular in Europe involving

16093-420: Was announced that the Von Erich family would be inducted (as a group) into the WWE Hall of Fame . They were inducted by longtime Von Erich rival Michael "P.S." Hayes , with Kevin Von Erich accepting the induction and celebrating victory. † = deceased As a family Individual The A24 film The Iron Claw takes its title from the wrestling move used by several of the family members. The movie portrays

16226-616: Was arrested multiple times. Kerry died after shooting a .44 caliber bullet through his heart on February 18, 1993, on his father's ranch in Denton County, Texas . There is a marker of an angel placed by his father Fritz on the spot where Kerry shot himself. Bret Hart states in his autobiography, Hitman: My Real Life in the Cartoon World of Wrestling , that Kerry had told him months before about his plans, that he had wanted to follow his late brothers, and that they were calling him. His marriage had fallen apart, and he thought his death

16359-583: Was born Jack Barton Adkisson Jr. on September 21, 1952. He died at age six in Niagara Falls, New York , on March 7, 1959, after he stepped on a trailer tongue, was electrically shocked , then fell into a melting snow puddle face first and drowned. Born Kevin Ross Adkisson on May 15, 1957, in Belleville, Illinois , "The Golden Warrior" Kevin Von Erich is the second oldest and last surviving son of Fritz Von Erich. The majority of Kevin's career

16492-456: Was defeated by 21 year-old pehlwani wrestler Kareem Buksh. This led to Indian pehlwani wrestlers being invited to compete in London , including Indian champions such as The Great Gama and Imam Baksh Pahalwan , influencing the development of catch wrestling. When catch wrestling reached the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries it became extremely popular with the wrestlers of

16625-496: Was disputed under catch-as-catch-can rules due the popularity of this particular style in the United States. The competition doubled as the United States Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) wrestling championships, which introduced new rules: it was single elimination tournament, with bouts being six minutes in duration plus an extra three minutes for overtime; in the case that no pinfall was registered,

16758-493: Was inevitable. Mike Von Erich was the fifth son of Fritz Von Erich. He was born Michael Brett Adkisson on March 2, 1964, in Dallas, Texas , and was later known as the "Inspirational Warrior". Mike replaced David in the feud the Von Erichs had with The Fabulous Freebirds following David's death. According to the DVD Heroes of World Class , Mike wanted to work for World Class as a cameraman and had no interest in being in

16891-651: Was married on February 14, 1985, to Shani Danette Garza. He was divorced later that year. In 1985, he injured his shoulder on a tour of Israel and had surgery, leading to toxic shock syndrome , as there was an infection missed by the surgeons. He suffered some brain damage as a result of his illness and lost a great deal of weight. In 1986, he also suffered head injuries from a car accident in which his vehicle overturned after he lost control. Mike tried returning to wrestling after partial recovery. He continued to compete despite lack of mental coordination and strength. After an arrest for DUI and marijuana possession, Mike took

17024-598: Was never able to achieve the success that his father and brothers achieved. He made many attempts to succeed in the squared circle because of his incredible love of wrestling, which kept him going despite numerous injuries. He managed one major feud with Percy Pringle in the USWA / World Class , but his career did not take off like the rest of the family's. On occasion, he and his brothers Kerry and Kevin, as well as Chris Adams , wrestled tag-team matches against Percy Pringle and Steve Austin , but Chris only wrestled Pringle, while

17157-443: Was reportedly 200 years ago, but its true origins remain unknown. Also known as a cross armbreaker or straight armbar. The wrestler sits on either side of an opponent who is lying either prone or supine on the mat, with the wrestler's legs scissoring one of the opponent's arms. The wrestler then grabs hold of the wrist of that arm and pulls it upwards, causing hyper extension of the shoulder and elbow. Wrestlers Alberto Del Rio (often

17290-750: Was spent working in World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW), where he had feuds against wrestlers such as Chris Adams , The Fabulous Freebirds , and Ric Flair . It was there that Kevin became known for utilizing trademark maneuvers like the body scissors and the iron claw, as well as for wrestling barefoot. Kevin has been married since August 1, 1980, to Pamela J. May. Together they have four children, including two daughters: Kristen Rain (born February 3, 1981) and Jillian Lindsey (born February 10, 1985) as well as two sons: David Michael "Ross" (born June 1, 1988) and Kevin Marshall (born November 10, 1992). Kevin has thirteen grandchildren. In May 2006, Kevin sold

17423-459: Was swift and came in the form of another challenger, fourth-degree black belt Daisuke Sakai. Santel, however, still defeated the Kodokan Judo representative. The Kodokan tried to stop the hooker by sending men like fifth-degree black belt Reijiro Nagata (who Santel defeated by TKO). Santel also drew with fifth-degree black belt Hikoo Shoji. The challenge matches stopped after Santel gave up on

17556-463: Was the stage name of Dallas-born professional wrestler William Kevin "Ricky" Vaughn. He was billed for a brief period of time in the 1980s as the son of Waldo Von Erich, but there was no biological relation between the two. Lance also has no biological relation to the Adkisson family. On two episodes of MLW Fusion , Tom Lawlor , who was involved in a feud with the Von Erichs after turning his back on them, mercilessly beat and then aligned himself with

17689-534: Was then considered separate from the dangerous, professional catch style. Other martial arts with origins in catch wrestling include folkstyle wrestling , Sambo , Luta Livre , shoot wrestling , shootfighting and mixed martial arts (MMA). Mid 20th Century 1970s and 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s and 2020s By 1840 the phrase "catch as catch can" was being used in America to describe their Rough and tumble fighting found in

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