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39-552: The current hofje was built in 1787 from the legacy of Pieter Teyler van der Hulst , just like the Teylers Museum close to it. Pieter Teyler van der Hulst founded a hofje when his wife died in 1752 and he then purchased the Kolder hofje . That hofje was considerably renovated during his lifetime, but he found it still needed improvements for the residents. In his will he stipulated that a new hofje should be built in his name and

78-485: A banker. He made loans to his Haarlem contemporaries, including to his fellow Scot and neighbor George Clifford III , the wealthy Amsterdam merchant known for sponsoring Carl Linnaeus . Scottish bankers such as Teyler, Clifford, and Hope & Co. were all patrons of the arts and sciences. Teyler was also active in the Haarlem Mennonite community with his wife, and together they founded a Mennonite hofje in

117-434: A foundation for their promotion: Teylers Stichting . The Teyler legacy to the city of Haarlem was split into two societies: Teylers First or Theological Society (Dutch: Teylers Eerste of Godgeleerd Genootschap), intended for the study of religion and Teylers Second Society (Dutch: Teylers Tweede Genootschap), which was to concern itself with physics, poetry, history, drawing and numismatics. The executors of Teyler's Will,

156-619: A large library. The early executors of his will seem to have sold some of it to create the Oval room , and much of the rest of it was mixed in with later purchases, but many aspects of his collection remain in the mission of the various aspects of the museum. Curators over the years have managed to reconstruct much of his coin collection, and many of the paintings he purchased for his home are still installed where they were intended. In his Will (written in 1756) Pieter Teyler stipulated that his collection and part of his fortune should be used to establish

195-532: A legacy of two million florins (in today's terms: about EUR 80 million) to the pursuit of religion, arts and science in his hometown, that led to the formation of Teyler's Museum . This was not the value of his entire estate . He also founded Teylers Hofje in his name, and made important donations to individuals in the Mennonite community. Pieter Teyler van der Hulst was born on 25 March 1702 in Haarlem in

234-612: The Baltic states . In 1750, Stadtholder William IV appointed Thomas as his representative in the meeting of directors of the West India Company (WIC), but it ended the year after when all the appointments were reverted. In 1752, he became a member of the "Lords XVII", the managers of the VOC. Four years later Thomas represented Anne of Hanover in the VOC. The company moved to Keizersgracht in 1758. The firm operated as agents to

273-570: The Dutch Caribbean , and Danish West Indies . They specialised in plantation loans, in which the entire produce of the plantation was remitted to the lender, who would supervise its sale in order to secure repayment. In this way, the Hopes helped the plantation economy to become integrated into a global network of financiers and consumers. The Hope family were among the richest in Europe at

312-663: The Dutch Republic . Teyler was an active follower of the Scottish Enlightenment , being descended from wealthy Scots merchants. His name is derived from the Scottish Tailor . He married the lady Helena Wynands Verschaave in 1728. He was an active member of the "Waterlander" Mennonite community and became a trustee of the city orphanage from 1750 onwards. He made his wealth as a silk and cloth merchant, but from 1763 he became more and more active as

351-575: The Third Partition of Poland Robert Voûte, an employee, went to Saint Petersburg; by buying up Polish bonds prudently in 1798, the partners of Hope & Co. made a huge profit. Then Hope & Co supplied loans to Portugal (to Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho and John VI of Portugal ). In 1803, the bank was involved in financing the Louisiana Purchase . Hope took over the direction of the financial operation on Lousiana, and they were

390-539: The crisis of 1772 and the fall of the EIC-stocks. The turnover with the Amsterdam Exchange Bank plummeted from more than 50 million guilders in 1772 to 30 million in 1773. In 1774 Fordyce was forced to sell his estate to Sir Joshua Vanneck, 1st Baronet ; the plaintiffs were Hope & Co and Harman and Co. George Colebrooke went bankrupt. Though primarily interested in trade deals from

429-477: The 1780s in Haarlem. The hofje has a neo-classical facade and the doorway is flanked by Doric columns . Address: Koudenhorn 64 52°22′55″N 4°38′35″E  /  52.38194°N 4.64306°E  / 52.38194; 4.64306 Pieter Teyler van der Hulst Pieter Teyler van der Hulst (25 March 1702 – 8 April 1778) was a wealthy Dutch Mennonite merchant and banker, who died childless, leaving

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468-451: The 1780s. The adopted John Williams joined the Hope company in 1782. The company supplied Frederick VI of Denmark with money, a plantation on Saint Croix served as collateral ; in 1786 they supplied a loan to Stanisław August Poniatowski . In 1785 Nicolas Bauduoin (-1787) and Jan Caspar Hartsinck were members in the board; two years later Hartsinck was appointed in the city council by

507-464: The 19th century Hope & Co. specialized in railway investments in the United States and Russia. In the 20th century the emphasis shifted from international transport to Dutch investments. From 1885 Hope & Co. cooperated and in 1937, Hope & Co. acquired Van Loon & Co., formerly Wed. Borski . In 1966 Hope & Co. merged with R. Mees & Zoonen to form Mees & Hope. In 1969,

546-617: The Amsterdam portion of the investments, together with Alexander Baring . Thomas Hope was a member of the China-committee and likely started to collect blue and white Chinaware. In 1770 the mansion was renovated and in 1771 they acquired a fine collection of paintings from two Mennonite brothers in Rotterdam. Both Jan, supported by his wife, and Henry collected paintings, statues and Loosdrechts porcelain. In 1783 Jan Hope sued

585-804: The British government which supplied loans to Frederick the Great during the Seven Years' War . The turnover raised from 10 to 37 million between 1755-1762. In October 1759 and March 1760 the Hope brothers bought at auction from the Dutch East India Company a massive 595,879 pounds of tea, at a cost of more than one million guilders. There is no doubt that they intended to flood the North American market. In 1762 when Jan (John) and his nephew Henry Hope (1736–1811) joined Hopes,

624-572: The Netherlands as the center of world commerce in the 18th century. The archive of Thomas Hope is mixed up with the archive of Jean Chrétien Baud because of the latter's interest in the Dutch East India Company . Unlike banks today, the partners of Hope & Co. mixed up their private business with public business and the bank's business. Letters in the archive touch on many subjects at once. A particularly rich portion of

663-723: The Spaarne was the immense classical building of the Catholic Diocese (now the Police station). Next they would pass the location of this hofje, and further around the bend, the Damstraat , where Teyler's house is located. His museum, which is located in the back garden of his house, competed with the Dutch Society of Science for scientific research. It would have been Teyler's express wish to have his hofje located on

702-653: The Spaarne, in the same way that the executors of his will defining the Teyler's Museum chose later to build a new front entrance facing the Spaarne and leading visitors to the side entrance of the 'oval room'. The hall of the Diocese, which was used for meetings of the 'Economical branch of the Dutch Society for Science', would have impressed Teyler. It took several years to build the Catholic Diocese, from 1760 to 1772, and Pieter Teyler van der Hulst would have attended

741-611: The Teyler name in 1752. Unlike other Mennonite hofjes of Haarlem, however, it was not necessary for its residents to be Mennonites. In the 18th century, the ruling classes of Amsterdam (where Teyler had his banking offices) and Haarlem were all Protestants , as was the Dutch Stadtholder . Roman Catholics, Mennonites, Quakers, and others were unable to participate in organisations such as the Dutch Society of Science (Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen), which

780-488: The archive is the correspondence in the period 1795–1815, when Henry Hope was forced to leave the Netherlands and set up offices in London. The regular correspondence between the Amsterdam and London branches give important insights into trade negotiations of the period and how they were done. In many historical documents, this bank is referred to as simply "Hopes" and sometimes "Hopes of Rotterdam" or "Hopes of Amsterdam". In

819-582: The bubble that led to the passage of the Bubble Act in London. Archibald and Henry invested in the Provinciale Utrechtsche Geoctroyeerde Compagnie (1720-1752). Charles Hope, 1st Earl of Hopetoun was a cousin. In this early period the Hope brothers made money organizing shipment for Quakers and Swiss Mennonites out of Rotterdam (under the direction of Archibald, Isaac and Zachary). The top years for

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858-629: The corner of Harley Street and Cavendish Square . Thomas Hope of Deepdene was collecting art, sculptures, antique vases and books in Duchess Street . His son Henry Thomas Hope inherited the collection after 1831. Lord Francis Pelham Clinton-Hope sold the Hope Collection of Pictures in 1898. The Hope archive (1725–1940), at the Amsterdam City Archives , is an important source for the history of Amsterdam and

897-639: The first directors of Teylers Stichting, decided to establish a centre for study and education: Teylers Museum . His former home in Haarlem with its entrance on the Damstraat is joined to the Teyler's Museum at the rear through a side door in the Oval room. Today his house is known as the " Fundatiehuis " and is open only by appointment and once a year on "Monumentendag". 52°22′50″N 4°38′25″E  /  52.38056°N 4.64028°E  / 52.38056; 4.64028 Hope %26 Co. Hope & Co.

936-554: The meetings there as a member, but he could not become a board member due to his religion. He was a Mennonite . In order to get around this, he founded his own 'society of science', which later became the Teylers Museum. Ironically, both his museum and the Dutch Society of Science are now across from each other on the Spaarne and were merged in 1831. This hofje was built by the popular contemporary architect Leendert Viervant , who designed several other neo-classical objects in

975-543: The name was changed to Hope & Co and a new era began. From that time the firm concentrated on banking. They expanded the offices in Amsterdam, totalling 26 people. Their turnover reached 47 million guilders in 1762. This peak was followed by a sharp decline in 1763 and 1764, when the figures were 42 and 33 million guilders respectively. During the Amsterdam banking crisis of 1763 Hope & Co helped out Leendert Pieter de Neufville . Henry's first substantial foreign loan

1014-596: The old hofje premises sold (and the premises were then sold to the oldest surviving hofje foundation in Haarlem, the 'Vrouwe- en Antonie Gasthuys'). The "new" hofje is by far the most impressive and imposing hofje in Haarlem. In Teylers's day, most visitors to the city of Haarlem from Amsterdam would travel by trekschuit along the 'Stadsbuiten' canal (now the Papentorenvest street) joining the Spaarne just north of this hofje. The first building they would see across

1053-426: The painter Louis Gerverot . Around 1790 John Williams Hope was portrayed by Angelika Kaufmann . When Pichegru occupied the south Henry fled from Hellevoetsluis on 17 October 1794. Henry took as much art he could ship according to August Schlegel . The paintings that were too large to take to London and which remained in the possession of the bank, came into the hands of Adriaan van der Hoop . Henry settled on

1092-557: The profit sharing scheme, the member had to learn the special Hope & Co. bookkeeping method developed by Adrian Hope, who had assisted filing the Clifford bankruptcy. In March 1781 Adrian Hope died without offspring; the heirs paid a small amount on inheritance tax, which was regarded as fraud. Hope & Co. threatened to move the company to Ostend . The company lend an enormous amount of money to Charles III of Spain . For Spain Hope organised state loans for nine million guilders in

1131-536: The sole executors of the French part of the operation after Baring withdrew in 1803. The Hope brothers sold the real estate at Keizers- and Prinsengracht to John Williams Hope. Also Henry sold Villa Welgelegen to his fiduciary , who continued to hold that office until the establishment of the monarchy under Louis Bonaparte in 1806. When Henry Hope died in 1811, the London offices of Hope & Co. merged with Baring Brothers & Co. Adriaan van der Hoop inherited

1170-519: The stadtholder and in the Bank of Amsterdam . In the summer of 1789 when the French population suffered from famine Jacques Necker intervened personally and successfully at Hope & Co. to supply Louis XVI with grain. The 2.4 million in the royal treasury he used as a collateral. Between 1787 and 1794 the company lost million of guilders in a deliberate effort to manipulate the price of cochineal from Mexico. In January 1790 Thomas Hope (designer)

1209-402: The start of their activities, the Hope brothers expanded their interests to longer-term investments in land and the arts. During the 18th century Hope & Co. set up a profit sharing agreement for the partners to reduce the risk of bankruptcy of the entire firm due to the indiscretions of one member, as happened in the case of rival banking house Clifford in 1772. In order to become partner in

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1248-764: The time. The family business focused on financing commercial transactions and especially on issuing money loans to monarchs and governments in Denmark, Sweden, Poland, Russia, Portugal, Spain, France and America. The bank was famous for having Catherine the Great as their client and Adrian supplied her several times with diamonds. Six of eight sons of the Scottish merchant Archibald Hope (1664–1743) – Archibald Jr. (1698–1734), Isaac, Zachary, Henry, Thomas (1704-1779), and Adrian (1709–1781) – were merchants of trade. They were active in shipping, storage, insurance, and credit in Amsterdam and Rotterdam . In 1720 they barely survived

1287-456: The transport of migrants to Pennsylvania were 1738, 1744, 1753 and 1765. These transports were paid for by the city of Rotterdam and the local Mennonite church. In 1743 the brothers inherited a fortune from their father. For many years the brothers traded with Saint Petersburg, Bilbao , Cadix and Sint Eustatius which became a free port in 1756. The Hopes traded in sugar, cocoa beans , tobacco and timber , especially sailing masts from

1326-457: Was a Dutch bank that existed for two and a half centuries. The bank was located in Amsterdam until 1795; originally it concentrated on Great Britain. From 1750 it played a major part in the finances of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) through Thomas Hope and his brother Adrian. During the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) the Hope brothers profited from the Netherlands' neutral position and became very wealthy. The Hopes became heavily involved in

1365-464: Was admitted to the board of the Hope company; he owned almost a sixth of the shares, but preferred to travel to Italy, and Pierre César Labouchère became a partner. Labouchère played an important role in negotiations with France, handling most of the financing for Holland with that country. In 1792 Alexander Baring started to work at Hope & Co. In November 1792, French Minister of Finances Étienne Clavière harshly pointed out that Hope & Co.

1404-509: Was involved in the initiative to establish the City Drawing School (1772). By lending large sums of money, he also facilitated other initiatives, including new premises for the Dutch Society of Sciences (1777) and the establishment of a College of Music (1773). Unfortunately, little is documented of the original collection of Pieter Teyler. When he died, he had a large collection of natural history artefacts, medals, drawings, and

1443-523: Was started in Haarlem in 1752 with the purpose of pursuing science in all aspects. This society moved in 1831 across the Spaarne river from Teyler's Museum, and has had close ties with Teyler's legacy ever since. Pieter Teyler was influenced by the local Natural History College (Dutch: Natuurkundig College)(whose activities are mentioned in 1730) and the Dutch Society of Sciences . Other Mennonites and citizens of Haarlem who were interested in natural history were members of these institutions. With others, he

1482-627: Was the leading member of a group of bankers engaged in speculation against the French credit and currency. Between 1788 and 1794 Hope & Co. issued loans totalling 53 million guilders on behalf of the Russian Empress. Early 1795 all the Hopes had fled to London to avoid the Batavian Revolution and the French occupation of the Netherlands and never came back. Their stock in warehouses was shipped to Hamburg? In 1796/97, after

1521-622: Was to Adolf Frederick of Sweden in 1768; in the next twenty years, Sweden was to borrow a total of 15 million guilders ( securitised foreign loans ); in 1770-1771 to the kings of Bavaria and Prussia. The Hope Company cooperated with Alexander Fordyce and Gurnell, Hoare, & Harman in 1770. In 1771 George Colebrooke and James Cockburn , directors of the EIC, recruited Paul Wentworth (spy) to borrow £66,000 from Hope & Co. In 1771 Adrian Hope bought together with Andries Pels negotiaties for 904,000 guilders. Hope & Co suffered from

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