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105-788: The Salesforce Transit Center , also known as the Transbay Transit Center , is a transit center in downtown San Francisco . It serves as the primary bus terminal for the San Francisco Bay Area , and is proposed as a possible future rail terminal. The centerpiece of the San Francisco Transbay development , the construction is governed by the Transbay Joint Powers Authority (TJPA). The 1,430-foot-long (440 m) building sits one block south-east of Market Street ,

210-691: A Golden State Warriors game. That easily surpassed the previous Saturday record of 319,484 riders, which occurred in October 2012, coinciding with several sporting events and Fleet Week . BART set a Sunday ridership record of 292,957 riders in June 2013, in connection with the San Francisco Gay Pride Parade , surpassing Sunday records set the previous two years when the Pride Parade was held. Ridership dropped sharply during

315-479: A naming rights deal announced on July 7, 2017, the transit center was given the official name of Salesforce Transit Center; the adjoined City Park took the official name Salesforce Park. The first phase of the new Transit Center was originally to be completed by the end of 2017. This was delayed to March 2018 in July 2017, and to June 2018 that December. On December 26, 2017, Muni began operating route 5 buses into

420-557: A $ 189 million contract between Skanska USA Civil West of New York and the TJPA. The TJPA announced on May 10 that repairs were complete. The rooftop park reopened on July 1, 2019. Muni and Golden Gate Transit buses resumed using the surface bus plaza on July 13, and the full facility reopened on August 11. The park has been criticized for allowing a commercial company to own the naming rights, as well as not having enough bike lanes connecting to other major transit routes. Wired criticized

525-928: A $ 7 million contract (equivalent to $ 39 million in 2023). It was the third system in the US to use encoded-value magnetic stripe tickets, following the Illinois Central Gulf commuter line in 1964 and the PATCO Speedline in 1968. Although tickets could be refilled at fare machines, riders often discarded tickets with small values remaining. BART formerly relied on unused ticket values on such discarded cards for additional revenue – as much as $ 9.9 million annually in 1999 (equivalent to $ 17 million in 2023). Tickets stopped being sold in December 2020 in favor of Clipper cards, and can no longer be used. A 50-cent surcharge per trip (25 cents for discounted fares)

630-477: A 62.5% discount is provided to seniors and the disabled. The Clipper START program for low-income adults provides a 50% discount. The San Francisco Muni and BART offer a combined monthly "A" Fast Pass, which allows unlimited rides on Muni services plus BART service within San Francisco. In August 2022, BART launched Clipper BayPass, a two-year pilot program to examine the viability of a transit pass that

735-518: A budgeted cost of US$ 2,600,000,000 (equivalent to $ 3,400,000,000 in 2023). The DTX scope also includes moving the existing 4th & King Caltrain station underground. Part of the DTX project also includes building out two below-grade levels below the TTC. One level would serve as the actual train platform, hosting six tracks and three platforms to accommodate Caltrain and HSR service. The other level would be

840-620: A direct, no-change-of-plane multi-stop flight. In the U.S., a number of air carriers including Alaska Airlines , American Airlines , Braniff International Airways , Continental Airlines , Delta Air Lines , Eastern Airlines , Frontier Airlines (1950-1986) , Hughes Airwest , National Airlines (1934-1980) , Pan Am , Trans World Airlines ( TWA ), United Airlines and Western Airlines previously operated such cooperative "through plane" interchange flights on both domestic and/or international services with these schedules appearing in their respective system timetables. Delta Air Lines pioneered

945-568: A feasibility study for installing a second transbay crossing would commence the following year. By 2019, the Capitol Corridor Joint Powers Authority (CCJPA) had joined with BART to study a multi-modal crossing, which could also allow Capitol Corridor and San Joaquins routes to serve San Francisco directly. In 2007, BART stated its intention to improve non-peak (night and weekend) headways for each line to 15 minutes. The 20-minute headways at these times

1050-478: A fifth line to the system for the first time in BART's history. The system was expanded to San Francisco International Airport in 2003 and to Oakland International Airport (now San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport) via an automated guideway transit spur line in 2014. eBART , an extension using diesel multiple units along conventional railroad infrastructure between Pittsburg/Bay Point and Antioch on

1155-498: A major transport hub, often multimodal (bus and rail), may be referred to as a transport centre or, in American English , as a transit center . Sections of city streets that are devoted to functioning as transit hubs are referred to as transit malls . In cities with a central station , that station often also functions as a transport hub in addition to being a railway station. Journey planning involving transport hubs

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1260-535: A month later. Despite the fact that Marin had originally voted in favor of BART participation at the 88% level, its marginal tax base could not adequately absorb its share of BART's projected cost. Another important factor in Marin's withdrawal was an engineering controversy over the feasibility of running trains on the lower deck of the Golden Gate Bridge , an extension forecast as late as three decades after

1365-406: A nationwide decline in mass transit ridership in the second half of the decade. The Washington Post and LA Streetsblog attributed the national decline in ridership to changes in commute patterns, the fall in gasoline prices since 2014, and competition from the private sector in the form of ride-hailing services such as Uber and Lyft. Ride-hailing has especially affected ridership on the lines to

1470-701: A number of major engineering challenges, including excavating subway tunnels in San Francisco, Oakland, and Berkeley; constructing aerial structures throughout the Bay Area, particularly in Alameda and Contra Costa counties; tunneling through the Berkeley Hills on the Concord line; and lowering the system's centerpiece, the Transbay Tube connecting Oakland and San Francisco, into a trench dredged onto

1575-411: A paper-plastic composite with a magnetic stripe . The tickets were sold by fare vending machines. When exiting, fare gates read the magnetically stored value on the card, encoded the new value with the fare subtracted, and printed the new value on the card. Tickets with no remaining value were retained by the machine rather than being returned. The entire fare system was designed and built by IBM under

1680-524: A passenger waiting area, including ticket sales and retail amenities. The waiting area would be connected via tunnel to the BART/Muni Metro Embarcadero Station . As of May 2024, the extension is projected to cost $ 8.25 billion and start construction in 2025 with a completion date in 2032. A federal funding pledge covers $ 3.4 billion of the cost, provided that local officials identify matching funds. The project would include

1785-511: A primary commercial and transportation artery. After the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake damaged the 1939 Transbay Terminal , voters approved funds for the new Transbay Transit Center in 1999. Construction on the first phase, the bus terminal, began in 2010. Limited Muni bus service began in December 2017, and full service from AC Transit and other regional and intercity bus operators began in August 2018. Full funding has not yet been secured for

1890-450: A restaurant, and water features. The inclusion of the park was part of the winning bid in the architectural design composition for the structure. The building includes a free, 20-passenger aerial tram to provide access from street level (at Mission Street and Fremont Street) to the rooftop park. Described as a "whimsical gondola" by the building's architects, it was the second passenger-carrying aerial tram to operate in San Francisco, after

1995-440: A three-block underground concourse connecting to BART and Muni Metro trains at Embarcadero station . Transport hub#Public transport Historically, an interchange service in the scheduled passenger air transport industry involved a "through plane" flight operated by two or more airlines where a single aircraft was used with the individual airlines operating it with their own flight crews on their respective portions of

2100-618: Is a barrier to ridership. In mid-2007, BART temporarily reversed its position, stating that the shortened wait times would likely not happen due to a $ 900,000 state revenue budget shortfall. Nevertheless, BART eventually confirmed the implementation of the plan by January 2008. Continued budgetary problems halted the expanded non-peak service and returned off-peak headways to 20 minutes in 2009. In 2008, BART announced that it would install solar panels at two yards, maintenance facilities, and Orinda station (the only station that receives sufficient sunlight to justify installation cost). In 2012,

2205-493: Is about 1,430 feet (440 m) long and 165 feet (50 m) wide. It occupies the entire block between Minna and Natoma Streets (just southeast of Mission Street), and stretches from Beale Street to 140 feet (43 m) east of 2nd Street. The first phase of the project includes the aboveground structure plus a belowground shell for the second phase. The structure has four levels: the ground floor with entrances, retail space, ticketing, and Muni/Golden Gate Transit boarding platforms;

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2310-457: Is applied to all journeys made on paper tickets. However, due to supply chain shortages resulting in a lack of plastic Clipper cards, BART started issuing tickets again at the SFO station in October 2022. Sales of paper tickets again ended on September 30, 2023, and they were no longer usable after November 30. BART first piloted a smart card for fare payment called EZ Rider in 2006; this program

2415-531: Is at 41% of pre-pandemic levels, Saturday ridership is at 63%, and Sunday ridership is at 75%. In a 2022 survey, 31% of riders report household income below $ 50,000 (up from 26% in 2018), and 44% did not own a vehicle (up from 31% in 2018). Compared to the region, BART riders are more likely to be Black or Latino, and less likely to be White or Asian. The entirety of the system runs in exclusive, grade-separated right-of-way. BART's rapid transit revenue routes cover about 131 miles (211 km) with 50 stations. On

2520-631: Is compatible with all the public transit agencies in the Bay Area. The program was initially made available to around 50,000 college students and affordable housing residents. The primary fare media for BART is the Clipper card , which is used by most Bay Area transit agencies. Clipper is a contactless smart card ; passengers tap in and out at card readers on fare gates. Clipper cards in Apple Pay and Google Wallet electronic wallets can also be used. BART's original fare system used tickets made of

2625-619: Is located one block from Embarcadero and Montgomery stations. Several transit agencies offer limited commuter-oriented bus service from more distant cities to outlying BART stations; these include VINE from Napa County, Solano Express from Solano County, Rio Vista Delta Breeze , Stanislaus Regional Transit Authority from Stanislaus County, and San Joaquin RTD from Stockton. Many BART stations are also served by privately run employer and hospital shuttles, and privately run intercity buses stop at several stations. BART also runs directly to two of

2730-483: Is more complicated than direct trips, as journeys will typically require a transfer at the hub. Modern electronic journey planners for public transport have a digital representation of both the stops and transport hubs in a network, to allow them to calculate journeys that include transfers at hubs. Airports have a twofold hub function. First, they concentrate passenger traffic into one place for onward transportation. This makes it important for airports to be connected to

2835-507: Is planned to be completed by 2036. Plans had long been floated for an extension from Dublin to Livermore, but the most recent proposal was rejected by the BART board in 2018. Other plans have included an extension to Hercules, a line along the Interstate Highway 680 corridor, and a fourth set of rail tracks through Oakland. At least four infill stations such as Irvington and Calaveras on existing lines have been proposed. With

2940-440: Is separated from the rest of the line. BART has elements of both traditional rapid transit (high-frequency urban service with close station spacing) and commuter rail / regional rail (lower-frequency suburban service with wider station spacing). Trains on each primary service run every 20 minutes, except the busy Yellow Line, which operates every 10 minutes on weekdays. Segments served by multiple lines have higher frequencies,

3045-467: Is working to implement a 30-minute "grace period" before the fare is charged. Unlike many other rapid transit systems, BART does not have weekly or monthly passes with unlimited rides. The only discount provided to the general public is a 6.25% reduction when "high value tickets" (only available on Clipper cards with autoload) are purchased with fare values of $ 48 and $ 64. 50% discount is available to youth aged 5–18 (children age 4 and under ride free), and

3150-630: The California Zephyr , Capitol Corridor , and San Joaquins – stop at Richmond station ; the Capitol Corridor also stops at Oakland Coliseum station . Transfer between BART and the Caltrain commuter rail service is available at Millbrae station . BART and most lines of San Francisco's Muni Metro light rail system share four stations ( Embarcadero , Montgomery Street , Powell Street , and Civic Center/UN Plaza ) in

3255-405: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake , the BART equipment was mostly undamaged. A 2010 study concluded that along with some Bay Area freeways, some of BART's overhead structures could collapse in a major earthquake, which has a significant probability of occurring within three decades. Seismic retrofitting has been carried out since 2004 upon voter approval to address these deficiencies, especially in

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3360-658: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns beginning in March 2020, during which BART was forced to drastically cut service. Ridership in the weeks immediately following the start of the Bay Area's lockdown (on March 17, 2020) fell by as much as 93%. If ridership does not recover and additional revenue is not obtained, in the worst case the agency projected it would only be able to sustain trains on three lines running once an hour from 5am to 9pm weekdays, and would have to close nine stations. As of May 2024 , weekday ridership

3465-797: The California Transportation Commission announced that they would provide funding for expanding BART facilities, through the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority , in anticipation of the opening of the Silicon Valley Berryessa Extension . $ 50 million would go in part to improvements to the Hayward Maintenance Complex. In March 2019, BART announced that they would begin updating ticket add-fare machines inside

3570-685: The Doolittle Maintenance and Storage Facility . eBART vehicles use a facility in Antioch. BART has distance-based fares , which requires riders to use fare gates to both enter and exit, with a flat fare of $ 2.15 for trips under 6 miles (9.7 km). A surcharge is added for trips traveling through the Transbay Tube ($ 1.40), to/from Oakland International Airport ($ 6.70) or San Francisco International Airport ($ 4.95), and to/from San Mateo County ($ 1.45, except $ 1.25 for Daly City). The maximum fare, including both airport surcharges and

3675-1087: The Market Street subway ; connections are also available to three lines at Balboa Park station and one line at Glen Park station . A tunnel at the Powell Street station connects to the Union Square/Market Street station on the Muni Metro T Third Street line. In the South Bay, Milpitas station provides a connection to the Orange Line of VTA light rail . BART is served by bus connections from regional and local transit agencies at all stations, most of which have dedicated off-street bus transfer areas. Many connecting routes (particularly in suburban areas) serve primarily as feeder routes to BART. Larger bus systems connecting to BART include Muni in San Francisco, AC Transit in

3780-629: The Presidio Go Shuttle . As of January 2020, Amtrak Thruway buses also use a surface stop outside the terminal — despite previous plans to use the bus deck — due to disagreements between the TJPA and other agencies about costs. The Transbay Transit Center project was designed to include a tunnel (the Downtown Rail Extension, now known as The Portal ) extending the terminus of the Caltrain commuter rail line from its current location at Fourth and King Streets;

3885-537: The Salesforce Transit Center . The original Early Bird Express network introduced in February 2019 had fifteen routes, but some were eliminated later that year due to low ridership. Intermodal connections to local, regional, and intercity transit – including bus, light rail , commuter rail , and intercity rail – are available across the BART system. Three Amtrak intercity rail services –

3990-464: The San Francisco Bay Area in California . BART serves 50 stations along six routes and 131 miles (211 kilometers) of track, including eBART , a 9-mile (14 km) spur line running to Antioch , and Oakland Airport Connector , a 3-mile (4.8 km) automated guideway transit line serving San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport . With an average of 169,800 weekday passenger trips as of

4095-747: The hub and spoke system for aviation in 1955 from its hub in Atlanta, Georgia , United States , in an effort to compete with Eastern Air Lines . FedEx adopted the hub and spoke model for overnight package delivery during the 1970s. When the United States airline industry was deregulated in 1978, Delta's hub and spoke paradigm was adopted by several airlines. Many airlines around the world operate hub-and-spoke systems facilitating passenger connections between their respective flights. Intermodal passenger transport hubs in public transport include bus stations, railway stations and metro stations , while

4200-482: The paid area to accept debit and credit cards for payment (for Clipper cards only). In December 2020, BART completed the changeover to Clipper and stopped issuing magstripe paper tickets. Existing paper tickets remained valid. In April 2021, BART began accepting Clipper cards on Apple Pay , Google Pay , and the Clipper app at all BART stations. By December 2023, the fare system was entirely Clipper-only. During

4305-632: The $ 2   billion already spent, and is currently unfunded. Based on the policies established by the FTA encouraging the inclusion of public art in transportation facilities, the TJPA committed $ 4.75   million to fund the creation of public artwork for the Program. Working with the San Francisco Arts Commission, the TJPA oversees the planning and development of the public art program. Initially there were five artists included in

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4410-544: The 1970s, and direct service from Daly City to Richmond and Fremont was not phased in until several years after the system opened. Some of the early safety concerns appeared to be well founded when the system experienced a number of train-control failures in its first few years of operation. As early as 1969, before revenue service began, several BART engineers identified safety problems with the Automatic Train Control (ATC) system. The BART Board of Directors

4515-495: The 1990 fiscal year. Ridership would not drop back to previous levels after the repair of the bridge until the COVID-19 pandemic began to affect the Bay Area in March 2020. Between 2010 and 2015, BART ridership grew rapidly, mirroring strong economic growth in the Bay Area. In 2015, the system was carrying approximately 100,000 more passengers each day than it had five years earlier. High gasoline prices also contributed to growth, pushing ridership to record levels during 2012, with

4620-617: The All Nighter system except for the Antioch – Rockridge and Bay Fair – Dublin/Pleasanton segments plus Warm Springs/South Fremont station . The Early Bird Express network provides service to major BART stations between 3:50 am and 5:30 am. Two San Francisco/Peninsula routes and seven Transbay routes run between a limited number of major BART stations, with the San Francisco/Peninsula and Transbay routes meeting at

4725-595: The BART system opened, planners projected several possible extensions. Although Marin County was left out of the original system, the 1970 Golden Gate Transportation Facilities Plan considered a tunnel under the Golden Gate or second deck on the bridge, but neither of these plans was pursued. Over twenty years would pass before the first extensions to the BART system were completed to Colma and Pittsburg/Bay Point in 1996. An extension to Dublin/Pleasanton in 1997 added

4830-670: The BART system. The district initially began with five members, all of which were projected to receive BART lines: Alameda County , Contra Costa County , the City and County of San Francisco , San Mateo County , and Marin County . Although invited to participate, Santa Clara County supervisors elected not to join BART due to their dissatisfaction that the peninsula line only stopped at Palo Alto initially, and that it interfered with suburban development in San Jose , preferring instead to concentrate on constructing freeways and expressways. Though

4935-624: The California State Senate, California Public Utilities Commission, and National Transportation Safety Board. Hearings by the state legislature in 1974 into financial mismanagement at BART forced the General Manager to resign in May 1974, and the entire Board of Directors was replaced the same year when the legislature passed legislation leading to the election of a new Board and the end of appointed members. Even before

5040-823: The East Bay, SamTrans in San Mateo County, County Connection and Tri Delta Transit in eastern Contra Costa County, WestCAT in western Contra Costa County, WHEELS in the Tri-Valley, VTA in the Santa Clara Valley, and Golden Gate Transit . Smaller systems include Emery Go-Round in Emeryville, Commute.org on the Peninsula, San Leandro LINKS , Dumbarton Express , and Union City Transit . The Salesforce Transit Center regional bus hub

5145-681: The Future", were unveiled in April 2016. The first cars were expected to be in service in December 2016, however, glitches and a failed CPUC inspection delayed introduction to January 19, 2018. A total of 775 cars were ordered from Bombardier (which merged with Alstom during production): 310 cab cars (D-cars) and 465 non-cab cars (E-cars). As of July 23, 2024 , BART has received all 775 D and E cars, of which 769 have been certified for service. To run its peak service, BART requires 400 cars. Of those, 384 are scheduled to be in active service;

5250-620: The San Francisco International Airport and the San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport. At SFO, ride-hailing services grew by a factor of almost six or nearly 500% at the airport between 2014 and 2016. BART planners believe that competition from Uber and Lyft is reducing overall ridership growth and BART's share of airport transit. Stations in the urban cores of San Francisco, Oakland, and Berkeley have

5355-685: The Transbay Tube . BART projects that Transbay Tube retrofits are expected to be completed in 2023. The mainline BART network operates with electric powered, self-propelled railcars . For most lines, six cars are coupled together in a train, except the Yellow Line, which uses eight-car trains. BART trains have gangway connections , and passengers can move freely between cars. The cars have three doors on each side, bike racks, 54 seats per car, and interior and exterior displays giving information. The new cars, branded by BART as its "Fleet of

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5460-629: The Transbay Tube nearing capacity, long-range plans included a new four-bore Transbay Tube beneath San Francisco Bay that would run parallel and south of the existing tunnel and emerge at the Transbay Transit Terminal to connect to Caltrain and the future California High-Speed Rail system. The four-bore tunnel would provide two tunnels for BART and two tunnels for conventional/high-speed rail. The BART system and conventional U.S. rail use different and incompatible rail gauges and different loading gauges . In 2018, BART announced that

5565-606: The Transbay Tube to the San Francisco Peninsula. This service complements the Red Line during daytime hours and replaces that line when it stops operating after 9pm. The first inbound trains leave outer terminals around 5:00 am on weekdays, 6:00 am on Saturdays, and 8:00 am on Sundays and most holidays. The last trains of the service day leave their terminals around midnight; the final Yellow and Orange Line trains in both directions meet at MacArthur station , and

5670-484: The Transbay surcharge, is $ 17.60; the maximum without surcharges ( Antioch – Berryessa/​North San José ) is $ 10.30. As of June 2022 , the average fare paid is $ 3.93. Because of the varied fares, it is possible to enter the system with enough stored value for a shorter trip, but not a longer trip. Passengers without sufficient fare to complete their journey must use an add-fare machine to add value in order to exit

5775-699: The Transit Center was anticipated to be complete by late 2016, with bus operations expected to commence by August 2017. Demolition of the former Transbay Terminal and ramps was completed in September 2011. Amtrak Thruway bus service, which connects to Amtrak trains at Emeryville station , moved from the Ferry Station Post Office Building to the Temporary Transbay Terminal on March 2, 2015. Under

5880-546: The U.S. economy, growing modestly during periods of economic expansion and dropping slightly during recessions. A major exception occurred in 1989 in the aftermath of the Loma Prieta earthquake , which severely damaged the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge , causing its closure for a month. BART became the only direct route between the East Bay and San Francisco, resulting in a nearly 17% ridership jump for

5985-602: The Yellow Line, opened on May 26, 2018. BART's most significant current extension project is the Silicon Valley BART extension on the Green and Orange Lines. The first phase extended the Fremont line to Warm Springs/South Fremont in early 2017, and the second phase to Berryessa/North San José began service on June 13, 2020. The third phase to Santa Clara is contingent upon the allocation of funding as of May 2020 , but

6090-494: The administrative joint powers authority for the project. The final Environmental Impact Report (EIR) was published in 2004. The project was divided into two phases, with Phase 1 being demolition of the original terminal and construction of the Transbay Transit Center, and Phase 2 being the Downtown Rail Extension (now known as The Portal ). In 2006, developers agreed to a new Mello-Roos tax district in

6195-411: The airline does not fly directly between. Airlines have extended the hub-and-spoke model in various ways. One method is to create additional hubs on a regional basis, and to create major routes between the hubs. This reduces the need to travel long distances between nodes that are close together. Another method is to use focus cities to implement point-to-point service for high traffic routes, bypassing

6300-453: The area surrounding the Transbay Transit Center in order for permits for higher buildings to move forward. San Francisco set the tax rate in 2012 at 0.55 percent of assessed value; due to rising real estate prices, however, the 2014 tax burden had risen by nearly 50% compared to the 2012 tax burden, and the developers threatened to pull their building plans entirely or sue the city. The lawsuits never materialized, however. On September 20, 2007,

6405-492: The beams, that were added after the shop designs were submitted for approval. Weld access holes have more stringent building code requirements than weld termination holes, and it was not clear which type of holes were added. In February 2019, the TJPA announced that it expected repairs to be completed in June 2019, but cautioned that the center would not reopen until the MTC peer review panel published its final report. In April 2019, it

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6510-426: The busiest of which is the section between Daly City and West Oakland, which has around 15 trains per hour (one train about every four minutes), per direction at peak hours. The Oakland Airport Connector runs "on demand", typically on headways of 10 minutes or less. Timed cross-platform transfers are available between the Orange Line, which operates only in the East Bay, and the Yellow Line, which operates through

6615-430: The cities and suburbs. Marvin E. Lewis, a San Francisco trial attorney and member of the city's board of supervisors spearheaded a grassroots movement to advance the idea of an alternative bay crossing and the possibility of regional transit network. Formal planning for BART began with the setting up in 1957 of the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District , a county-based special-purpose district body that governs

6720-454: The design proposed by César Pelli of Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects was chosen for both the Transit Center and the Transbay Tower, now known as Salesforce Tower . The first phase of construction consisted of the aboveground bus terminal, including retail spaces and the rooftop park, plus the concrete shell of the underground rail levels. It cost $ 2.4 billion, of which $ 500 million was for the underground shell. On August 7, 2010, all bus service

6825-400: The downtown Caltrain extension is projected to alleviate roadway traffic and Caltrain rider delays, resulting in an estimated $ 20 million savings per year. The Caltrain extension depends on the electrification of its rolling stock, as the current diesel engines are not appropriate for tunnel service. When this project is completed, Caltrain riders would no longer need to transfer to Muni to reach

6930-429: The downtown financial district. The heavy rail portion of the terminal would be designed to accommodate the planned high speed rail from Los Angeles , which shares the right-of-way (Peninsula Corridor) with Caltrain between San Francisco and San Jose. BART has expressed interest in having their proposed Second Transbay Tube connect to the new terminal and Alameda. DTX was planned to open for rail service in 2019 at

7035-400: The final Orange and Blue Line trains in the southbound direction meet at Bay Fair station , for guaranteed transfers. Two different bus networks operated by regional transit agencies run during the overnight hours when BART is not operating. The All Nighter network provides basic overnight service to much of the Bay Area. Most BART stations are served (directly or within several blocks) by

7140-538: The floor of San Francisco Bay. Like other transit systems of the same era, BART endeavored to connect outlying suburbs with job centers in Oakland and San Francisco by building lines that paralleled established commuting routes of the region's freeway system. BART envisioned frequent local service, with headways as short as two minutes between trains through the Transbay Tube and six minutes on each individual line. Passenger service began on September 11, 1972, initially just between MacArthur and Fremont . The rest of

7245-483: The ground level of the terminal in order to meet the federal deadline of some service to the terminal beginning in 2017. On June 16, 2018, Muni began operating all 5 , 5R , 7 , 38 , and 38R buses to the surface level of the terminal. The first phase opened for full bus service on August 12, 2018; the rooftop park opened on the same date. Greyhound and BoltBus service moved from the Temporary Transbay Terminal three days later on August 15, leaving Amtrak Thruway as

7350-426: The heavy rail services run through Oakland , and all but the Orange Line cross the bay through the Transbay Tube to San Francisco. All five services run every day until 9 pm; only three services operate evenings after 9 pm. All stations are served during all service hours. The eastern segment of the Yellow Line (between Antioch and the transfer platform east of Pittsburg/Bay Point) uses different rolling stock and

7455-451: The highest ridership, while suburban stations record lower rider numbers. During fiscal year 2017, the busiest station was Embarcadero with 48,526 average weekday exits, followed by Montgomery Street with 45,386. The busiest station outside of San Francisco was 12th Street Oakland City Center with 13,965 riders, followed by 19th Street Oakland with 13,456. The least busy station was Oakland International Airport with 1,517 riders, while

7560-412: The hub entirely. There are usually three kinds of freight hubs: sea-road, sea-rail, and road-rail, though they can also be sea-road-rail. With the growth of containerization , intermodal freight transport has become more efficient, often making multiple legs cheaper than through services—increasing the use of hubs. BART Bay Area Rapid Transit ( BART ) is a rapid transit system serving

7665-537: The least busy standard BART station was North Concord / Martinez with 2,702 weekday exits. BART's one-day ridership record was set on Halloween of 2012 with 568,061 passengers attending the San Francisco Giants' victory parade for their World Series championship . This surpassed the record set two years earlier of 522,198 riders in 2010 for the Giants' 2010 World Series victory parade. Before that,

7770-473: The lower deck of the Bay Bridge , but the system was dismantled in the 1950s, with its last transbay crossing in 1958, and was superseded by highway travel. A 1950s study of traffic problems in the Bay Area concluded the most cost-effective solution for the Bay Area's traffic woes would be to form a transit district charged with the construction and operation of a new, high-speed rapid transit system linking

7875-521: The new Bay Bridge . It was converted to a bus terminal in 1958 and began serving AC Transit commuter buses. The structure was damaged in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake , necessitating replacement. In 1995, Caltrain agreed to study extending its commuter rail service from its Fourth and King terminus closer to the Financial District, including whether the obsolete Transbay Terminal should be removed, remodeled, or rebuilt. Ultimately, it

7980-402: The new transit center, thirteen towers have been built or proposed on adjacent parcels, ranging from 300 feet (91 m) to 1,070 feet (326 m) tall, on land freed by the demolition of the former terminal and bus and freeway ramps. The most prominent of these is the city's new tallest building, Salesforce Tower. Two of the skyscrapers, Salesforce Tower and 181 Fremont, are linked directly to

8085-717: The one formerly located at the Cliff House (operational 1955–1965). According to the San Francisco Chronicle, it is "frequently out of order", but the park level is also accessible by stairs, escalators and elevator. The second phase of the project, constructed as part of the Downtown Rail Extension (now known as The Portal ), will add a two-level underground train station to be served by Caltrain and California High-Speed Rail . The platform area will have three island platforms serving six tracks. A mezzanine with ticketing and waiting areas will be located above

8190-541: The others are used to build up spare trains (used to maintain on-time service). The previous BART fleet, consisting of A, B, and C cars, was built between 1968 and 1996. It was retired from regular service on September 11, 2023, with the final revenue runs on April 20, 2024. The Oakland Airport Connector uses a completely separate and independently operated fleet of cable car-based automated guideway transit vehicles. It uses four Cable Liner trains built by DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car , arranged as three-car sets, but

8295-439: The park for its control over access, claiming that there could never be a political demonstration at the park. In September 2018, just a month after the transit center's opening, the TJPA revealed that the walkway around the rooftop park, made of decomposed granite, had begun to deteriorate much faster than expected. Repairs on the pathway were completed in May 2019, but it is not clear if the costs fall under warranty. Along with

8400-457: The platform and below the ground-level entrances. A pedestrian tunnel was planned to be constructed below Beale Street to Embarcadero station , connecting the Transbay Transit Center with BART and Muni Metro . This was later scrapped as a cost-saving measure. The proposed second Transbay Tube , which may be used by Caltrain, CAHSR, and/or BART, may also connect to the Transit Center. This extension would cost as much as $ 6   billion on top of

8505-495: The program: James Carpenter , Julie Chang , Tim Hawkinson , Jenny Holzer and Ned Kahn . In June 2017, SFAC and TJPA announced the planned Hawkinson installation would be cancelled as "the nature of the materials, the sculpture's size, and its location" made it "a particularly complex engineering task." The original Transbay Terminal opened in 1939 to serve Key System and East Bay Electric Lines commuter trains and Sacramento Northern Railway interurban trains operating over

8610-628: The record was 442,100 riders in October 2009, following an emergency closure of the Bay Bridge . During a planned closure of the Bay Bridge, there were 475,015 daily riders on August 30, 2013, making that the third highest ridership. On June 19, 2015, BART recorded 548,078 riders for the Golden State Warriors championship parade, placing second on the all-time ridership list. BART set a Saturday record of 419,162 riders on February 6, 2016, coinciding with Super Bowl 50 events and

8715-477: The rest of the BART system. The withdrawals of Marin and San Mateo resulted in a downsizing of the original system plans, which would have had lines as far south as Palo Alto and northward past San Rafael . Voters in the three remaining participating counties approved the truncated system, with termini in Fremont , Richmond, Concord, and Daly City, in 1962. Construction of the system began in 1964, and included

8820-412: The right to serve the central (island) platform on the bus deck, buses circulate clockwise (i.e., driving on the left) while inside the terminal. The bus bridge includes a traffic light to facilitate the transition between right-hand traffic (outside the transit center) and left-hand traffic (inside the transit center). The rooftop park, designed by PWP Landscape Architecture , includes an amphitheater,

8925-630: The rooftop park. Salesforce Tower has a dedicated pair of elevators, open to the public and accessible via the rear lobby, which serve as one of the access points to the park. The following services use the bus deck: Several additional services use the street-level transit plaza: Numerous other transit services converge into downtown San Francisco with stops nearby. These include BART and Muni Metro at Embarcadero station and Montgomery Street station , Golden Gate Transit peak-only routes (with stops on Fremont Street), Muni bus and streetcar routes, SamTrans routes 292 and 397, AC Transit route 800, and

9030-460: The second floor with retail space, food hall, offices, and Greyhound ticket counter and waiting room; the bus deck with bus bays surrounding a central waiting area; and the 5.4-acre (2.2 ha) rooftop park. The bus deck has a dedicated highway ramp (consisting, in part, of a cable-stayed bridge ) to the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge and an off-site bus storage facility under the western Bay Bridge approach. In order to allow buses with doors on

9135-500: The second phase of construction, the Downtown Rail Extension (now known as The Portal ), which hopes to add an underground terminal station for Caltrain and California High-Speed Rail . The transit center was closed for repairs in September 2018 after cracks were found in structural beams; services resumed in July and August 2019. Designed by Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects (PCPA), the Salesforce Transit Center

9240-498: The sole remaining bus operator using the Temporary Transbay Terminal. Amtrak buses began using a street-level stop at Salesforce Plaza on Mission Street near Fremont Street on October 28, 2019. That stop was temporarily relocated along Mission Street to near 2nd Street on November 9, 2020. Without the revenue from the 100,000 expected daily rail passengers, the bus-only terminal was expected to lose as much as $ 20 million annually. Daily AC Transit ridership to/from Transbay Transit Center

9345-571: The station . As of June 2022 , entering and exiting at the same station incurs an "excursion fare" of $ 6.40 – significantly higher than many station-to-station fares. This was originally introduced to allow people to tour the then-futuristic system; it was kept to discourage undesired behaviors such as tech bus riders using BART parking lots. The excursion fare has been criticized for negatively impacting riders who leave stations during service disruptions (although station agents can allow riders to exit without fare payment). As of December 2022, BART

9450-410: The surrounding transport infrastructure, including roads, bus services, and railway and rapid transit systems. Secondly some airports function as intra-modular hubs for the airlines, or airline hubs . This is a common strategy among network airlines who fly only from limited number of airports and usually will make their customers change planes at one of their hubs if they want to get between two cities

9555-596: The system can accommodate four-car trains in the future. The eBART extension uses eight Stadler GTW diesel railcars . The Stadler GTW vehicles are diesel multiple units , which operate over standard gauge tracks (as opposed to BART's broad gauge). The initial BART system included car storage and maintenance yards in Concord, Hayward, and Richmond, with an additional maintenance only (no car storage) yard in Oakland. The Daly City car storage and maintenance yard opened in December 1988. The Oakland Airport Connector uses

9660-401: The system expanded into Santa Clara County in 2020, as of June 2024 it is still not a district member. In 1962, San Mateo County supervisors voted to leave BART, saying their voters would be paying taxes to carry mainly Santa Clara County residents (presumably along I-280 , SR 92 , and SR 85 ). The district-wide tax base was weakened by San Mateo's departure, forcing Marin County to withdraw

9765-404: The system opened in stages, with the entire system opening in 1974 when the transbay service through the Transbay Tube began. The new BART system was hailed as a major step forward in subway technology, although questions were asked concerning the safety of the system and the huge expenditures necessary for the construction of the network. Ridership remained well below projected levels throughout

9870-482: The system recording five record ridership days in September and October 2012. After six straight years of expansion, ridership growth began to slow in late 2016, dropping by 1.7% in October 2016 from the prior year. Although the fiscal year ending June 30, 2017, showed an average weekday ridership of 423,395, the second-highest in BART's history, this was a 2.3% drop from FY 2016. Ridership continued to decline by approximately 3% per year between 2016 and 2019, mirroring

9975-539: The third quarter of 2024 and 48,119,400 annual passenger trips in 2023, BART is the sixth-busiest rapid transit system in the United States . BART is operated by the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District which formed in 1957. The initial system opened in stages from 1972 to 1974. The system has been extended several times, most recently in 2020, when Milpitas and Berryessa/North San José stations opened as part of

10080-611: The three major Bay Area airports ( San Francisco International Airport and San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport ) with service to San Jose International Airport provided by a VTA bus route available at Milpitas station . Some of the Bay Area Rapid Transit system's current coverage area was once served by an electrified streetcar and suburban train system called the Key System . This early 20th-century system once had regular transbay traffic across

10185-408: The transit center; Beale and First reopened soon after. The Temporary Transbay Terminal, which had been in use during construction of the new transit center, was hastily reopened to serve riders. The following day, a second, parallel beam was also found to be cracked, causing the transit center and Fremont Street to remain closed at least through the end of the following week. On October 2, 2018, it

10290-769: The under construction Silicon Valley BART extension in partnership with the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA). BART serves large portions of its three member counties – San Francisco , Alameda , and Contra Costa – as well as smaller portions of San Mateo County and Santa Clara counties. The system has 50 stations : 22 in Alameda County, 12 in Contra Costa County, 8 in San Francisco, 6 in San Mateo County, and 2 in Santa Clara County. BART operates five named heavy rail services plus one separate automated guideway line. All of

10395-430: Was 17,436 in February 2020, but just 3,895 in April 2023. The transit center was abruptly ordered closed on September 25, 2018—six weeks after opening and during Salesforce's annual Dreamforce conference—following the discovery by workers installing the final ceiling panels of a “major crack ” in a steel beam supporting the bus deck above Fremont Street. Beale, Fremont, and First Streets were closed beneath and adjacent to

10500-463: Was abandoned in 2010 in favor of a regional farecard. In 2009, BART became one of the first five transit agencies to accept TransLink (later renamed Clipper) cards for fare payment and began phasing out tickets. By December 2020, all BART ticket machines, except for add-fare machines inside of paid areas, were converted to Clipper use only. Tickets were no longer accepted starting in December 2023. For most of its history, BART's ridership has reflected

10605-528: Was decided that the Transbay Terminal should be rebuilt, with the rail extension entering the Terminal under Second Street. In November 1999, San Francisco voters adopted Proposition H declaring that Caltrain shall be extended downtown into a new regional intermodal transit station constructed to replace the former Transbay Terminal. The Transbay Joint Powers Authority (TJPA) was founded in 2001 as

10710-620: Was determined that the cracks were caused when crews welding the beams together skipped a crucial step—mandated by the building code—that led to tiny micro-cracks forming. Multiple inspections failed to notice the skipped step, and those micro-cracks grew into larger ones. The facility is under warranty for two years "after substantial completion", placing financial responsibility for the issue on contractors, Webcor Builders and Obayashi Corporation , and their subcontractors. The beams were fabricated by Herrick Corporation in Stockton as part of

10815-417: Was dismissive of their concerns and retaliated by firing them. Less than a month after the system's opening, on October 2, 1972, an ATC failure caused a train to run off the end of the elevated track at the terminal Fremont station and crash to the ground, injuring four people. The "Fremont Flyer" led to a comprehensive redesign of the train controls and also resulted in multiple investigations being opened by

10920-582: Was moved to the interim Temporary Transbay Terminal. The $ 18 million outdoor terminal is located on the block bounded by Folsom, Beale, Howard and Main Streets in the South of Market district , two blocks from the site of the former Transbay Terminal. Ground was broken for the new Transbay Transit Center four days later. Much of the initial construction work was underground, and aboveground evidence of construction did not appear until late 2014. As originally planned,

11025-415: Was reported that the Transit Center would remain closed at least through the end of the month. Fremont Street reopened on October 15. A Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) peer review panel investigated whether the cracks may have been caused by flaws that developed in the steel during fabrication, plus by stress concentrations arising from weld access holes or weld termination holes cut into

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