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65-454: The municipality was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the two former municipalities Methana and Troizina , that became municipal units. Initially named Troizinia , in January 2014 the municipality was renamed Troizinia-Methana . The municipality has an area of 240.858 km. The province of Troizinia ( Greek : Επαρχία Τροιζηνίας ) was one of the provinces of

130-501: A basilica was secular public hall. Thus, the term basilica may also refer to a church designed after the manner of the ancient Roman basilica. Many of the churches built by the emperor Constantine the Great and Justinian are of the basilica style. Some other prelates besides bishops are permitted the use of thrones, such as abbots and abbesses . These are often simpler than the thrones used by bishops and there may be restrictions on

195-703: A civilization, nation, tribe, or other politically designated group that is organized or governed under a monarchical system. Throughout much of human history societies have been governed under monarchical systems, in the beginning as autocratic systems and later evolved in most cases as constitutional monarchies within liberal democratic systems, resulting in a wide variety of thrones that have been used by given heads of state. These have ranged from stools in places such as in Africa to ornate chairs and bench-like designs in Europe and Asia, respectively. Often, but not always,

260-572: A dedicated throne hall, the Magnaura , included elaborate automatons of singing birds and moving animals. The 10th-century throne of Ivan "the Terrible" (r. 1533-1584), dating from the mid-16th century, it is a product of West European Renaissance . It is shaped as a high-backed chair with arm rests, and adorned with ivory and walrus bone plaques intricately carved with mythological, heraldic and life scenes. Some carvings, depicting scenes from

325-403: A defining sign of the claim to power and authority. It can be with a high backrest and feature heraldic animals or other decorations as adornment and as a sign of power and strength. A throne can be placed underneath a canopy or baldachin . The throne can stand on steps or a dais and is thus always elevated. The expression "ascend (mount) the throne" takes its meaning from the steps leading up to

390-606: A derivation from the PIE root *dher- "to support" (also in dharma "post, sacrificial pole"). Early Greek Διὸς θρόνους ( Dios thronous ) was a term for the "support of the heavens", i.e. the axis mundi , which term when Zeus became an anthropomorphic god was imagined as the "seat of Zeus". In Ancient Greek, a "thronos" was a specific but ordinary type of chair with a footstool , a high status object but not necessarily with any connotations of power. The Achaeans (according to Homer ) were known to place additional, empty thrones in

455-662: A former municipality on the Peloponnese peninsula, Greece . Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Troizinia-Methana , of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 50.161 km . Methana is situated on a volcanic (the Methana Volcano ) peninsula , attached to the Peloponnese. Administratively, it belongs to the Attica region. The town (pop. 892 in 2011)

520-658: A great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away" ( Revelation 20:11 ). The Apostle Paul speaks of " thrones " in Colossians 1:16 . Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite , in his work De Coelesti Hierarchia (VI.7), interprets this as referring to one of the ranks of angels (corresponding to the Hebrew Arelim or Ophanim ). This concept was expanded upon by Thomas Aquinas in his Summa Theologica (I.108), wherein

585-505: A number of throne chairs empty. Many of these thrones—such as China's Dragon Throne —survive today as historic examples of nation's previous government. Thrones were found throughout the canon of ancient furniture . The depiction of monarchs and deities as seated on chairs is a common topos in the iconography of the Ancient Near East . The word throne itself is from Greek θρόνος ( thronos ), "seat, chair", in origin

650-646: A seven-stepped dais with a proscenium arch above and the symbol of the imperial family behind (the two-headed eagle ). Peter I's Room (the "Smaller Throne Room") is modest in comparison to the former. The throne was made for Empress Anna Ivanovna in London. There is also a throne in the Grand Throne Room of the Peterhof Palace . In some countries with a monarchy, thrones are still used and have important symbolic and ceremonial meaning. Among

715-498: A special chair which in church referred to by written sources as a "throne", or “cathedra” (Latin for 'chair') and is intended to allow such high-ranking religious officials a place to sit in their place of worship. The other use for throne refers to a belief among many of the world's monotheistic and polytheistic religions that the deity or deities that they worship are seated on a throne. Such beliefs go back to ancient times, and can be seen in surviving artwork and texts which discuss

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780-442: A throne is tied to a philosophical or religious ideology held by the nation or people in question, which serves a dual role in unifying the people under the reigning monarch and connecting the monarch upon the throne to his or her predecessors, who sat upon the throne previously. Accordingly, many thrones are typically held to have been constructed or fabricated out of rare or hard to find materials that may be valuable or important to

845-996: Is always adorned with the pattern and motif of the Vietnamese dragon , which is the exclusive and privileged symbol of the Vietnamese emperors. The last existing imperial throne in Vietnam is the throne of the Nguyễn emperors placed in the Hall of Supreme Harmony at the Imperial City of Huế . It is designated as a national treasure of Vietnam . In Vietnamese folk religion , the gods, deities and ancestral spirits are believed to seat figuratively on thrones at places of worship. Therefore, on Vietnamese altars, there are various types of liturgical "throne" often decorated with red paint and golden gilding. The Phoenix Throne (御座/어좌 eojwa )

910-421: Is described in 1 Kings 10:18–20 : "Moreover the king made a great throne of ivory, and overlaid it with the best gold.. The throne had six steps, and the top of the throne was round behind: and there were stays on either side on the place of the seat, and two lions stood beside the stays. And twelve lions stood there on the one side and on the other upon the six steps: there was not the like made in any kingdom." In

975-410: Is located north of the road connecting to the rest of the Peloponnese and Galatas. The highest point is 740 metres (2,428 feet) (Helona Mountain). The municipal unit has a land area of 50.161 square kilometres (19.367 square miles) and a population of 1,352 inhabitants at the 2021 census. The municipal unit Methana is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets): Half of

1040-563: Is placed in the basilica for the pope's use whenever he presides over a liturgical ceremony. Prior to the liturgical reforms that occurred in the wake of the Second Vatican Council , a huge removable canopied throne was placed above an equally removable dais in the choir side of the "Altar of the Confession" (the high altar above the tomb of St Peter and beneath the monumental bronze baldachin ); this throne stood between

1105-625: Is the term used to identify the throne of the king of Korea . In an abstract sense, the Phoenix Throne also refers rhetorically to the head of state of the Joseon dynasty (1392–1897) and the Empire of Korea (1897–1910). The throne is located at Gyeongbok Palace in Seoul. The Chrysanthemum Throne ( 皇位 , kōi , lit. "Imperial position/rank") is the term used to identify the throne of

1170-663: The Achaemenid era to the last Iranian dynasty Pahlavi , the throne was used for sitting shahs . The word "throne" in English translations of the Bible renders Hebrew כסא kissē' . The pharaoh of the Exodus is described as sitting on a throne (Exodus 11:5, 12:29), but mostly the term refers to the throne of the kingdom of Israel , often called the "throne of David " or "throne of Solomon ". The literal throne of Solomon

1235-651: The Agra Fort . The Peacock Throne was the seat of the Mughal emperors of India. It was commissioned in the early 17th century by Emperor Shah Jahan and was located in the Red Fort of Delhi. The original throne was subsequently captured and taken as a war trophy in 1739 by the Persian king Nadir Shah and has been lost ever since. A replacement throne based on the original was commissioned afterwards and existed until

1300-471: The Attica Prefecture , from 1964 to 1972 of Piraeus Prefecture and later again to Attica prefecture until today. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipalities Troizinia and Poros . It was abolished in 2006. This Attica location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Methana Methana ( Greek : Μέθανα , Méthana ) is a town and

1365-638: The Book of Esther (5:3), the same word refers to the throne of the king of Persia. The God of Israel himself is frequently described as sitting on a throne, referred to outside of the Bible as the Throne of God , in the Psalms , and in a vision Isaiah (6:1), and notably in Isaiah 66:1, YHWH says of himself "The heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool" (this verse is alluded to by Matthew 5:34-35). In

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1430-460: The Greek War of Independence , hundreds of refugees, mainly women and children, found refuge in the sparsely populated peninsula of Methana, so that the population of Methana rose from 500-600 in the pre-revolution years to 1,349 in 1830. In 1826-27 Charles Fabvier built a fortress on the isthmus of Methana, probably to protect his troops. In 1834 Methana became a municipality which was annexed to

1495-593: The Indian Rebellion of 1857 . Maharaja Ranjit Singh's throne was made by the goldsmith Hafez Muhammad Multani about 1820 to 1830. Made of wood and resin core, covered with sheets of repoussé, chased and engraved gold. The Golden Throne or Chinnada Simhasana or Ratna Simahasana in Kannada is the royal seat of the rulers of the Kingdom of Mysore . The Golden Throne is kept at Mysore Palace. In Burma,

1560-451: The Indian subcontinent , the traditional Sanskrit name for the throne was siṃhāsana (lit., seat of a lion). In the Mughal times the throne was called Shāhī takht ( [ˈʃaːhiː ˈtəxt] ). The term gadi or gaddi ( Hindustani pronunciation: [ˈɡəd̪ːi] , also called rājgaddī ) referred to a seat with a cushion used as a throne by Indian princes. That term was usually used for

1625-591: The Old Testament , Book of Kings I explicits the throne of Solomon: "Then the king made a great throne covered with ivory and overlaid with fine gold. The throne had six steps, and its back had a rounded top. On both sides of the seat were armrests, with a lion standing beside each of them. Twelve lions stood on the six steps, one at either end of each step" in Chapter 10 18-20. In the New Testament ,

1690-623: The Roman Catholic Church , the pope is an elected monarch , both under canon law as supreme head of the church , and under international law as the head of state —styled "sovereign pontiff"—of the Vatican City State (the sovereign state within the city of Rome established by the 1929 Lateran Treaty ). Until 1870, the pope was the elected monarch of the Papal States , which for centuries constituted one of

1755-756: The emperor of Japan . The term also can refer to very specific seating, such as the takamikura (高御座) throne in the Shishin-den at Kyoto Imperial Palace . The throne of the Ryukyu Kingdom is located in Shuri Castle , Naha. During the Russian Empire , the throne in St. George's Hall (the "Greater Throne Room") in the Winter Palace was regarded as the throne of Russia. It sits atop

1820-580: The "Altar of the Chair" lies the Cathedra Petri , a throne believed to have been used by St Peter himself and other earlier popes; this relic is enclosed in a gilt bronze casting and forms part of a huge monument designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini . Unlike at his cathedral (Archbasilica of St. John Lateran), there is no permanent cathedra for the pope in St Peter's Basilica, so a removable throne

1885-591: The 2nd century, he saw a temple of Isis , and statutes of Hermes and Heracles in the agora . There are no written references to Methana in the Byzantine and Ottoman periods. Ruins of basilicas and churches from the late 6th or early 7th century have been found. It seems that there were two settlements in Methana in the Byzantine period, one at Panagitsa and another at Prophet Elias and at Helona. Another settlement seems to have existed west of Kounoupitsa , where

1950-498: The Byzantine court, such as a pair of lions seated at the foot of the throne. The term "throne" is often used in reference to patriarchs to designate their ecclesiastical authority; for instance, "the Ecumenical Throne" refers to the authority of the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople . Western bishops may also use a faldstool to fulfill the liturgical purpose of the cathedra when not in their own cathedral. In

2015-582: The Pali term sammakhaṇḍa . The Dragon Throne is the term used to identify the throne of the emperor of China . As the dragon was the emblem of divine imperial power, the throne of the emperor, who was considered a living god , was known as the Dragon Throne. The term can refer to very specific seating, as in the special seating in various structures in the Forbidden City of Beijing or in

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2080-452: The active volcanic areas are Methana, Milos , Santorini and Nisyros . In the future, Methana (and the area of the Saronic gulf ) may expect other volcanic eruptions. Since 1991, the peninsula has been investigated by the team of ETH Zürich geologically and cartographically. From this, a topographical map of the entire peninsula at a scale of 1:25,000 was made. An interactive 3D map

2145-691: The angel Gabriel also refers to this throne in the Gospel of Luke ( 1:32–33 ): "He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Highest; and the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David. And He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of His kingdom there will be no end." Jesus promised his apostles that they would sit upon "twelve thrones", judging the twelve tribes of Israel ( Matthew 19:28 ). John 's Revelation states: "And I saw

2210-607: The apse and the Altar of the Confession. This practice has fallen out of use with the 1960s and 1970s reform of Papal liturgy and, whenever the pope celebrates Mass in St. Peter's Basilica, a simpler portable throne is now placed on platform in front of the Altar of the Confession. Whenever Pope Benedict XVI celebrated the Liturgy of the Hours at St Peter's, a more elaborate removable throne

2275-404: The biblical account of King David 's life, are of particular relevance, as David was seen as the ideal for Christian monarchs. Although medieval examples tended to be retained in the early modern period , having acquired the aura of tradition, when new thrones were made they either continued medieval styles or were just very grand and elaborate versions of contemporary chairs or armchairs. In

2340-427: The bishop's authority to teach the faith (hence the expression " ex cathedra ") and to govern his flock. Ex cathedra refers to the explicative authority, notably the extremely rarely used procedure required for a papal declaration to be ' infallible ' under Roman Catholic canon law . In several languages the word deriving from cathedra is commonly used for an academic teaching mandate, the professorial chair. From

2405-527: The canopy over the newly elected pope. This was the new pope's first throne. This tradition was dramatically portrayed in the 1968 film The Shoes of the Fisherman . In European feudal countries, monarchs often were seated on thrones, based in all likelihood on the Roman magisterial chair . These thrones were originally quite simple, especially when compared to their Asian counterparts. In practice, any chair

2470-517: The character of its ornamentation. The liturgical color of the canopy should correspond with that of the other vestments. When ruling monarchs attend services, they are also allowed to be seated on a throne that is covered by a canopy, but their seats must be outside the sanctuary. In the Greek Orthodox Church , the bishop's throne will often combine features of the monastic choir stall ( kathisma ) with appurtenances inherited from

2535-481: The church of Agia Barbara is located and the churches of Agios Dimitrios and Agios Ioannis the Theologian, built in the 13th century and frescoed, are located. It seems that the peninsula was not affected by Slavic invasions, but later in medieval times it was affected by raids. During the 14th century, a period in which the population of the region was diluted, Arvanites settled on the Methana peninsula. During

2600-401: The dais or platform, on which the throne is placed, being formerly comprised in the word's significance. Coats of arms or insignia can feature on throne or canopy and represent the dynasty . Even in the physical absence of the ruler an empty throne can symbolise the everlasting presence of the monarchical authority. When used in a political or governmental sense, a throne typically exists in

2665-511: The end of his pontificate, Pope John Paul II had a specially constructed throne on wheels that could be used inside. Prior to 1978, at the papal conclave , each cardinal was seated on a throne in the Sistine Chapel during the balloting. Each throne had a canopy over it. After a successful election, once the new pope accepted election and decided by what name he would be known, the cardinals would all lower their canopies, leaving only

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2730-478: The entire peninsula's population lives in Methana town. The peninsula is entirely of volcanic origin and contains over 30 volcanic eruption centers. The last volcanic eruption occurred near present-day Kameni Chora in 3rd century BC. Famous writers such as Ovid , Strabo and Pausanias reported the last volcanic eruption in Methana. The peninsula is the northwesternmost of the arc of the Aegean islands of which

2795-538: The idea of ancient gods (such as the Twelve Olympians ) seated on thrones. In the major Abrahamic religions of Judaism , Christianity , and Islam , the Throne of Yahweh is attested to in religious scriptures and teachings, although the origin, nature, and idea of the Throne of Yahweh in these religions differs according to the given religious ideology practiced. In the west, a throne is most identified as

2860-477: The land in question. Depending on the size of the throne in question it may be large and ornately designed as an emplaced instrument of a nation's power, or it may be a symbolic chair with little or no precious materials incorporated into the design. When used in a religious sense, throne can refer to one of two distinct uses. The first use derives from the practice in churches of having a bishop or higher-ranking religious official ( archbishop , pope , etc.) sit on

2925-545: The largest political powers on the divided Italian peninsula. To this day, the Holy See maintains officially recognised diplomatic status, and papal nuncios and legates are deputed on diplomatic missions throughout the world. The pope's throne ( Cathedra Romana ) is located in the apse of the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran , his cathedral as Bishop of Rome . In the apse of Saint Peter's Basilica , above

2990-687: The main port is at Methana, also called Arsinoe in Ptolemaic times, with a fort on the islet of Nisaki. A coastal fortress called Akropolis Oga is located near Kypseli . A Mycenaean settlement was excavated by Helene Konstolakis-Jiannopoulou in 1990 along with the chapel of Agios Konstantinos and Elenis. Selected artifacts can be visited in the museums of Poros island and in Piraeus. This site dates between 1500 and 1300 BC. Methana ( ‹See Tfd› Greek : τὰ Μέθανα , tà Méthana ), Methone ( Μεθώνη , Methṓnē ), or Methene ( Μεθήνη , Methḗnē )

3055-471: The monarch occupied in a formal setting served as a "throne", though there were often special chairs used only for this purpose, kept in places the monarch often went to. Thrones began to be made in pairs, for the king and queen, which remained common in later periods. Sometimes they are identical, or the queen's throne may be slightly less grand. The 10th-century throne of the Byzantine emperor , placed in

3120-422: The most direct heir of pharaonic splendor, and included a pair of flabella (fans made from ostrich feathers) to either side. Pope John Paul I at first abandoned the use of these implements, but later in his brief reign began to use the sedia so that he could be seen more easily by the crowds. The use of the sedia was abandoned by Pope John Paul II in favor of the so-called " popemobile " when outside. Near

3185-812: The most famous thrones still in usage are St Edward's Chair , on which the British monarch is crowned, and the thrones used by monarchs during the state opening of parliaments in the United Kingdom , the Netherlands , Canada , Australia , and Japan (see above) among others. Some republics use distinctive throne-like chairs in some state ceremonial. The president of Ireland sits on a former viceregal throne during his or her inauguration ceremony, while lords mayor and lords provost of many British and Irish cities often preside over local councils from throne-like chairs. Owing to its symbolic nature,

3250-433: The neighboring peninsula. Much of the peninsula is mountainous and bushy and grassy. The mountain range covers the central part of the peninsula and has a small ridge north of the seat. The residential area is within the sea. The pastures are around Methana. A mountain ridge is founded in the west and is about 3 km (2 mi) long with a stream in the middle and a cliff in the south. The earliest known settlement (near

3315-496: The palaces of the Old Summer Palace . In an abstract sense, the "Dragon Throne" also refers rhetorically to the head of state and to the monarchy itself. The Daoguang Emperor is said to have referred to his throne as "the divine utensil ." The throne of the emperors of Vietnam are often referred to as ngai vàng ("golden throne") or ngôi báu (大寳/寶座) literally "great precious" (seat/position). The throne

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3380-644: The presence of this cathedra (throne), which can be as elaborate and precious as fits a secular prince (even if the prelate is not a prince of the church in the secular sense), a bishop's primary church is called a cathedral . In the Roman Catholic Church, a basilica —from the Greek basilikos 'royal'—now refers to the presence there of a papal canopy ( ombrellino ), part of his regalia , and applies mainly to many cathedrals and Catholic churches of similar importance or splendor. In Roman Antiquity

3445-424: The province of Kalavria, consisting of the municipalities of Methana, Troizina, Dryopi and Kalavria. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Smith, William , ed. (1854–1857). "Methana". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography . London: John Murray. Throne A throne is the seat of state of a potentate or dignitary , especially

3510-537: The royal palaces and temples so that the gods could be seated when they wished to be. The most famous of these thrones was the throne of Apollo in Amyclae . The Romans also had two types of thrones—one for the emperor and one for the goddess Roma whose statues were seated upon thrones, which became centers of worship. In Persia , the traditional name of the throne is the Takht-e Padeshah . From

3575-405: The seat occupied by a sovereign (or viceroy ) on state occasions; or the seat occupied by a pope or bishop on ceremonial occasions. "Throne" in an abstract sense can also refer to the monarchy itself, an instance of metonymy , and is also used in many expressions such as " the power behind the throne ". A throne is a symbol of divine and secular rule and the establishment of a throne as

3640-491: The seat upon which a person holding the title King , Queen , Emperor , or Empress sits in a nation using a monarchy political system, although there are a few exceptions, notably with regards to religious officials such as the pope and bishops of various sects of the Christian faith. Changing geo-political tides have resulted in the collapse of several dictatorial and autocratic governments, which in turn have left

3705-421: The style and ornamentation used on them, according to the regulations and traditions of the particular denomination. As a mark of distinction, Roman Catholic bishops and higher prelates have a right to a canopy above their thrones at certain ecclesiastical functions. It is sometimes granted by special privilege to prelates inferior to bishops, but always with limitations as to the days on which it may be used and

3770-401: The throne of a Hindu princely state 's ruler, while among Muslim princes or Nawabs, save exceptions such as the Travancore State royal family, the term musnad ( [ˈməsnəd] ), also spelt as musnud , was more common, even though both seats were similar. The Throne of Jahangir was built by Mughal emperor Jahangir in 1602 and is located at the Diwan-i-Khas (hall of private audience) at

3835-407: The thrones are concerned with carrying out divine justice. In Medieval times the "Throne of Solomon" was associated with the Virgin Mary , who was depicted as the throne upon which Jesus sat . The ivory in the biblical description of the Throne of Solomon was interpreted as representing purity, the gold representing divinity, and the six steps of the throne stood for the six virtues . Psalm 45:9

3900-467: The traditional name for a throne is palin , from the Pali term pallaṅka , which means "couch" or "sofa." The Burmese palin in pre-colonial times was used to seat the sovereign and his main consort, and is today used to seat religious leaders such as sayadaws , and images of the Buddha. Royal thrones are called yazapalin (ရာဇပလ္လင်), while thrones seating images or statues of the Buddha are called gaw pallin (ဂေါ့ပလ္လင်) or samakhan (စမ္မခဏ်), from

3965-406: The village of Vathy) dates from 1500–1300 BC. The first survey was conducted by Michael Deffner , who discovered a large throne , among other artefacts. Many ancient sites were identified through the archaeological survey conducted in the 1980s by the University of Liverpool in association with the British School at Athens. The Acropolis Palaiokastro is located near the village of Vathy but

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4030-400: Was also interpreted as referring to the Virgin Mary, with the entire Psalm describing a royal throne room. From ancient times, bishops of the Roman Catholic , Eastern Orthodox , Anglican and other churches where episcopal offices exist, have been formally seated on a throne, called a cathedra ( Greek : κάθεδρα, seat ). Traditionally located in the sanctuary , the cathedra symbolizes

4095-407: Was created and is on the World Wide Web. Also a rich photographic archive with about 10.000 color slides has been produced (see links below). The panorama of the northeastern part of Argolis , southeastern and eastern Corinthia along with the southern part of the Attica peninsula and the Saronic Islands of Aegina and Salamis along with a smaller one and the mountains of the eastern tip of

4160-422: Was in the territory of Troezen . In his History of the Peloponnesian War , Thucydides tells of an Athenian expeditionary force under Nicias that after defeating Corinth (in 425 BC) built a wall across the isthmus to cut the Methana peninsula off from the mainland. In the Hellenistic period, the peninsula became one of the Ptolemaic bases in the Aegean when it was renamed Arsinoe. When Pausanias visited in

4225-403: Was placed on a dais to the side of the Altar of the Chair. When the pope celebrates Mass on the basilica steps facing St. Peter's Square , portable thrones are also used. In the past, the pope was also carried on occasions in a portable throne, called the sedia gestatoria . Originally, the sedia was used as part of the elaborate procession surrounding papal ceremonies that was believed to be

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