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117-453: The PJSC United Aircraft Corporation ( UAC ) (Russian: Объединённая авиастроительная корпорация , romanized : Obyedinyonnaya Aviastroitelnaya Korporatsiya [OAK] ) is a Russian aerospace and defense corporation . With a majority stake belonging to the Russian government , it consolidates Russian private and state-owned aircraft manufacturing companies and assets engaged in

234-734: A Generation 4++ jet fighter by Mikoyan . The MiG-35 was officially presented during the Aero India 2007 air show in Bangalore , India and officially unveiled when the Russian Minister of Defense , Sergei Ivanov , visited the Lukhovitsky Machine Building Plant "MAPO-MIG". The MiG-35 was a contender for its fourth-generation counterparts in the Indian MRCA competition but was taken out of

351-759: A 15-year unilateral suspension due to fuel costs and other economic difficulties after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Patrols towards the North Pole , the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean were reinstated, bringing the planes often close to NATO territory, including in one instance flying over the Irish Sea between the United Kingdom and Ireland . During the 2008 South Ossetian War ,

468-602: A Latin alphabet for the Russian language was discussed in 1929–30 during the campaign of latinisation of the languages of the USSR , when a special commission was created to propose a latinisation system for Russian. The letters of the Latin script are named in Russian as following (and are borrowed from French and/or German ): Russian Air Force The Russian Air Force, officially established on August 12, 1912, as part of

585-576: A Russian airbase on fire in the Millerovo air base attack . On 13 March 2022, Russian forces launched cruise missile attacks on Yavoriv military base near the Polish border. As of 20 March 2022, it was claimed that VVS carried out at least 1403 airstrikes on Ukraine since the beginning of the invasion. The VVS has generally been noted by its relative absence from the invasion and has as of 25 March 2022 failed to subdue Ukrainian air defenses or

702-648: A Russian or Belarusian Air Force or Air Defence Force senior commander. In July 2010, Russian jet fighters made the first nonstop flights from European Russia to the Russian Far East. By August 2010, according to the Commander-in-Chief of the VVS Alexander Zelin , the average flight hours of a pilot in Russian tactical aviation had reached 80 hours a year, while in army aviation and military transport aviation, it exceeded 100 hours

819-639: A Working Group of the United Nations , in 1987 recommended a romanization system for geographical names, which was based on the 1983 version of GOST 16876-71 . It may be found in some international cartographic products. American Library Association and Library of Congress (ALA-LC) romanization tables for Slavic alphabets are used in North American libraries and in the British Library since 1975. The formal, unambiguous version of

936-456: A commercial aircraft. According to the UAC, CRAIC is responsible for product and technology development, manufacturing, marketing, sales and customer service, consulting, program management, and other related fields. By 2017, the two companies were cooperating in creating a new generation of long-range wide-body commercial aircraft and taking charge of its operation under the joint venture. The aircraft

1053-507: A former Air Defence Forces officer and new commander-in-chief of the merged force succeeding Deynekin, reported to the Russian defense minister that the task had 'in principle been achieved'. General Kornukov established the new headquarters of the force in Zarya, near Balashikha , 20 km east of the center of Moscow, in the former PVO central command post, where the CIS common air defense system

1170-557: A new joint-stock company named the OJSC United Aircraft Corporation to optimize production and minimize losses. The UAC stated that the corporation was created to protect and develop the scientific and industrial potential of the Russian aircraft industry, the security and defense of the state, and the concentration of intellectual, industrial, and financial resources to implement long-term aviation programs. The United Aircraft Corporation started out producing

1287-635: A political resolution to the rebellion was announced. The U.K. Defense Intelligence reported that the Il-22M was a particularly high value asset, being one in a fleet of only 12 special mission aircraft, and that its loss could have an impact on the ongoing invasion of Ukraine . Previously the highest military office until 1 August 2015. Since the merger between the VVS and the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces on 1 August 2015,

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1404-634: A precise ammunition. UMPK bomb kits are being particularly used with general purpose FAB-250 , FAB-500 and FAB-1500 aerial bombs containing highly explosive warheads. These glide kits greatly increase range and also add an element of guidance, allowing Russian bombers, namely the Su-34 , to execute aerial attacks from safer distances without entering areas covered by Ukrainian air defense systems. According to Ukrainian General Ivan Havryliuk, since start of 2024 year, Russian aviation dropped over 3,500 of these bombs on Ukrainian positions. On 23 - 24 June 2023

1521-734: A result of the cutbacks, infrastructure became degraded as well, and in 1998, 40% of military airfields needed repair. The VVS participated in the First Chechen War (1994–1996) and the Second Chechen War (1999–2002). These campaigns also presented significant difficulties for the VVS including the terrain, lack of significant fixed targets, and insurgents armed with Stinger and Strela-2M surface-to-air missiles . The former Soviet Air Defence Forces remained independent for several years under Russian control, only merging with

1638-453: A system of transliteration fitted for their keyboard layout , such as for English QWERTY keyboards, and then use an automated tool to convert the text into Cyrillic. There are a number of distinct and competing standards for the romanization of Russian Cyrillic , with none of them having received much popularity, and, in reality, transliteration is often carried out without any consistent standards. Scientific transliteration, also known as

1755-610: A total of 205 orders by July 2017, with an introduction planned in 2019 with Aeroflot . In 2018, the United Aircraft Corporation's revenue amounted to 53 billion rubles. On 25 June 2016, the UAC and the Chinese Government -owned aircraft corporation, Comac , signed a joint venture contract to create China-Russia Aircraft International Co, Ltd. (CRAIC) , to be based in Shanghai to develop

1872-499: A twin- turboprop , twin-boom STOL aircraft. The Il-96-400T is a freight version of the Il-96-400, which features Russian avionics and engines and carries more room than the standard Il-96. The Sukhoi Su-80 can be used for both civilian and military purposes and has a sleek hull which can provide space for 30 passengers and a "beaver-tail" ramp that can help unload cargo easier. The Su-80 was made by Sukhoi Civil Aircraft to replace

1989-587: A year. On 15 August 2010, the Russian Air Force temporarily grounded its fleet of Su-25 ground attack aircraft to investigate a crash that happened during a training mission. The Russian Defense Ministry said that the plane crashed on 6 August 2010, 60  km to the north-west of Step air base in Siberia , according to RIA Novosti . According to the instructions of the General Staff of

2106-479: Is an adoption of an ICAO standard for travel documents. It was used in Russian passports for a short period during 2010–2013 ( see below ). The standard was substituted in 2013 by GOST R ISO/ IEC 7501-1-2013, which does not contain romanization, but directly refers to the ICAO romanization ( see below ). Names on street and road signs in the Soviet Union were romanized according to GOST 10807-78 (tables 17, 18), which

2223-753: Is an equivalent of GOST 16876-71 and was adopted as an official standard of the COMECON . GOST 7.79-2000 System of Standards on Information, Librarianship, and Publishing–Rules for Transliteration of the Cyrillic Characters Using the Latin Alphabet is an adoption of ISO 9:1995 . It is the official standard of both Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). GOST 52535.1-2006 Identification cards. Machine readable travel documents. Part 1. Machine readable passports

2340-423: Is based on its predecessor ISO/R 9:1968, which it deprecates; for Russian, the two are the same except in the treatment of five modern letters. ISO 9:1995 is the first language-independent, univocal system of one character for one character equivalents (by the use of diacritics) that faithfully represents the original and allows for reverse transliteration for Cyrillic text in any contemporary language. The UNGEGN ,

2457-924: Is designed to replace the Mikoyan MiG-29 and the Sukhoi Su-27 and is expected to be introduced to the Russian Air Force in 2019. Also, under the MTAL joint venture, Sukhoi and HAL would co-develop the Sukhoi/HAL FGFA , now known as the Perspective Multirole Fighter (PMF), a variant of the PAK FA, of which would be designed for the Indian Air Force . On 11 August 2017, the Russian Air Force designated

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2574-608: Is developed and exported under the UAC brand, by which it was developed by Sukhoi Civil Aircraft, a branch of the UAC. The Sukhoi Superjet 100 was designed to compete with the Antonov An-148 , Embraer E-Jet , and the Bombardier CSeries , and to replace the aging Tupolev Tu-134 and the Yakovlev Yak-42 jet airliners, claimed by Sukhoi to have a lower purchase and operating cost. The Sukhoi Superjet 100

2691-766: Is developed under the CRAIC joint-venture between the UAC and Chinese aircraft corporation Comac , with the purpose being a wide-body jet airliner as well as to compete with the Boeing 787 and the Airbus A330neo . The United Aircraft Corporation started out producing the Ilyushin Il-96-400T and the Tupolev Tu-204C , both cargo variants of their airliner counterparts, and the Sukhoi Su-80 ,

2808-785: Is directed from. In December 2003 the aviation assets of the Russian Ground Forces —mostly helicopters—were transferred to the VVS, following the shooting down of a Mi-26 helicopter in Chechnya on 19 August 2002 that claimed 19 lives. The former Army Aviation was in its previous form intended for the direct support of the Ground Forces, by providing their tactical air support, conducting tactical aerial reconnaissance, transporting airborne troops, providing fire support of their actions, electronic warfare , setting of minefield barriers and other tasks. The former Army Aviation

2925-903: Is now designated as the "Ilyushin Il-214" with the MTA taken out since the project is no longer under the Multirole Transport Aircraft Ltd. joint venture. The Il-214 was later renamed the Il-276 in October 2017. The Ilyushin Il-112 is a high-wing, light, military transport aircraft based on the Ilyushin Il-114 currently being developed by Ilyushin Aviation Complex for air landing and airdrop . Development of

3042-697: Is the second modernized version of the Su-27, where the first modernized version took place back on 28 June 1988, designated as the Sukhoi Su-27M, also known as the Su-35. The improved aircraft includes a reinforced airframe, air-thrusted engines, radar , and improved avionics while excluding canards and an air brake . The Russian Air Force designated them as the Su-35S and ordered 98 units with additional orders from China and Indonesia . Sukhoi thought sales of

3159-756: Is the sole executive body of PJSC UAC with functions of the Chairman of the Management Board. The President is empowered to decide all issues about the Corporation's current activities, except for matters falling within the competence of the General Shareholders' Meeting, the Board of Directors, and the Management Board. Romanization of Russian The romanization of the Russian language (the transliteration of Russian text from

3276-750: The 37th Air Army (long-range aviation) and the 61st Air Army (former Military Transport Aviation ), were established directly under the Supreme Command. The former frontal aviation and anti-aircraft forces were organized as Air Force Armies and Anti-Aircraft Defense Armies under the military district commanders. There were initially four such armies with headquarters in St.Petersburg ( Leningrad Military District ), Rostov-on-Don ( North Caucasus Military District ), Khabarovsk ( Far East Military District ), and Chita ( Siberian Military District ). Two military districts had separate Air and Air Defence Corps. When

3393-753: The Antonov An-24/26 , the Antonov An-28 , and the Yakovlev Yak-40 , and to compete with the Antonov An-38 . The Ilyushin Il-214 was formerly a project designated as the "Ilyushin Il-214 Multirole Transport Aircraft" under the joint venture between the UAC and HAL . The project was first conceived in 2007, two to three years before the joint venture, " Multirole Transport Aircraft Ltd. " between

3510-518: The Beriev A-40 "Albatross" , was designed before the UAC's creation and is a multi-purpose amphibious aircraft. The Be-200 is marketed as a firefighter , search and rescue aircraft , maritime patrol aircraft , cargo aircraft , and an airliner . The Beriev A-100 is an airborne early warning and control aircraft designed to replace the Beriev A-50 , also made by Beriev. Its maiden flight

3627-536: The Cyrillic script into the Latin script ), aside from its primary use for including Russian names and words in text written in a Latin alphabet, is also essential for computer users to input Russian text who either do not have a keyboard or word processor set up for inputting Cyrillic, or else are not capable of typing rapidly using a native Russian keyboard layout ( JCUKEN ). In the latter case, they would type using

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3744-759: The Imperial Russian Air Service , has a long and complex history. It began as one of the earliest military aviation units globally, although its early years saw slow development due to the constraints of World War I . After the Russian Revolution of 1917 , the air service was reorganised under the Soviet regime, evolving into the Red Air Fleet in 1918, which later became part of the Soviet Air Forces (VVS). During

3861-585: The Indian MRCA competition but was taken out of the competition in April 2011. The MiG-35 would be adopted by the Russian Air Force and introduced in 2018. The Sukhoi Su-35S , the UAC's second military aircraft, is designed by the Sukhoi Design Bureau , a branch of the UAC. The aircraft is to serve as the interim for the Sukhoi PAK FA , Russia 's first fifth-generation jet fighter . This

3978-493: The International Scholarly System , is a system that has been used in linguistics since the 19th century. It is based on the Czech alphabet and formed the basis of the GOST and ISO systems. OST 8483 was the first Soviet standard on romanization of Russian, introduced on 16 October 1935. Developed by the National Administration for Geodesy and Cartography at the USSR Council of Ministers , GOST 16876-71 has been in service since 1973. Replaced by GOST 7.79-2000. This standard

4095-408: The Joint CIS Air Defense System was to be set up by Russia and Belarus . This network was intended to protect the airspace of the two countries as defined in the supranational 1999 Union State treaty. Its planned composition was to include five Air Force units, 10 anti-aircraft units, five technical service and support units, and one electronic warfare unit. It was to be placed under the command of

4212-403: The MAKS 2021 Air show UAC announced that the Mikoyan LMFS project was developed into the Sukhoi LFS . In August 2023, Yury Slyusar reported that UAC had received an additional order for the equipment of the new Moscow and Leningrad military districts. All of the aircraft listed were either put into or going into service in the Russian Air Force . According to the UAC, the President

4329-429: The Ministry of Defense were transferred under the ownership of the UAC. As a result, in 2014, the serviceability of the Russian Air Force increased from 40% to 65%. As a result of Russian military intervention in Ukraine in 2014, international sanctions were invoked against Russia , and because the UAC was part of Russia's aerospace and defense industry, it was sanctioned as well by the European Union . However,

4446-459: The Russian Aerospace Defence Forces and the Air Defense Troops, were merged into a new branch of the armed forces, now officially called the Russian Aerospace Forces . On 30 September 2015, the VVS launched a military intervention in Syria , in Syria 's Homs region. On 24 November 2015, during a bombing mission, a Turkish Air Force F-16 shot down a Russian Sukhoi Su-24 that Turkey claimed had violated its airspace. In March 2020,

4563-466: The Russian Air Force . The company's revenues for 2009 were expected to be 115  billion–120  billion rubles. On 29 January 2010, Sukhoi and the UAC revealed Russia 's first fifth generation jet fighter , the Sukhoi PAK FA (T-50). The PAK FA is a stealth, single-seat, twin-engine , multirole jet fighter designed for air supremacy and attack roles. The PAK FA would also be Russia's first aircraft to use stealth technology . The PAK FA

4680-443: The Russian Federation , the Soviet Union's successor. The Yakovlev Yak-130 is the only aircraft to be developed after the Soviet era and before the creation of the UAC. The Mikoyan MiG-35 is the first aircraft and the first military aircraft designed and exported under the UAC brand, as Mikoyan , the company that designed it, is a branch of the corporation. The MiG-35 was a contender for its fourth-generation counterparts in

4797-437: The Sukhoi Su-25 "Grach" , Sukhoi Su-27 "Sofiyka" , Mikoyan MiG-29 , Sukhoi Su-33 , Sukhoi Su-30 , and the Sukhoi Su-34 , and large military aircraft such as the Ilyushin Il-76 , Tupolev Tu-160 "Beliy Lebed" , and the Ilyushin Il-78 , were all designed in the Soviet Union. However, though, some Soviet aircraft such as the Tupolev Tu-160 "Beliy Lebed", Sukhoi Su-33, Sukhoi Su-30, and the Sukhoi Su-34, were introduced later in

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4914-411: The Sukhoi Su-30 . In May 2008, the UAC presented its third aircraft and the first airliner designed and exported under the UAC brand, the Sukhoi Superjet 100 (SSJ 100). The SSJ 100 is the fourth civilian aircraft and the first airliner to be made by Sukhoi. Previously, Sukhoi and Boeing made a cooperation agreement and which Boeing consultants would help and advise Sukhoi on the airliner. The SSJ 100

5031-530: The Transbaikal Military District and Siberian Military District were merged, the 14th Air and Air Defence Forces Army was formed to serve as the air force formation in the area. The number of servicemen in the Air Force was reduced to about 185,000 from the former combined number of 318,000. 123,500 positions were abolished, including almost 1,000 colonel positions. The resignation of 3000 other servicemen included 46 generals of which 15 were colonel generals. On 29 December 1998 Colonel General Anatoly Kornukov ,

5148-419: The Tupolev Tu-154 "Careless" , the Tupolev Tu-204 , the Ilyushin Il-96 , the Ilyushin Il-114 , and all of Mikoyan, Sukhoi, Yakovlev, Tupolev, and Ilyushin military aircraft; all created before the corporation's creation. In February 2007, the UAC presented its first aircraft and the first military aircraft designed and exported under the UAC brand, the Mikoyan MiG-35 , designated by NATO as "Fulcrum-F" and

5265-439: The Tupolev Tu-154 , the Tupolev Tu-204 , the Ilyushin Il-86 , the Ilyushin Il-96 , and the Ilyushin Il-114 ; all created before the corporation's creation. The Tupolev Tu-154 is a medium-range, narrow-body , three-engine jet airliner developed and introduced in Soviet times. It saw large use in Aeroflot and was exported to many nations that had connections to the Soviet Union, and a total of 1,026 were built. Production of

5382-439: The Ukrainian Air Force . It has, as of April 1, 2022, also failed to achieve air supremacy . Failure to achieve this has been attributed to the lack of SEAD operations on the part of the VVS likely due to the lack of flying hours for Russian pilots as well as the lack of dedicated SEAD units and precision-guided munitions within the VVS. These weaknesses have been compounded by the mobility of Ukrainian air defenses with

5499-596: The United States Department of the Treasury placed sanctions on Slyusar under Executive Order 14024 as a member of the Government of Russia . The conglomerate finished the process of Mikoyan and Sukhoi absorption in June 2022. Relevant records were changed on June 1 in the United States Register of Legal Entities . UAC said in late December 2023 that it had successfully performed the year's state defense orders. Company structure: This section contains present and future products to be distributed under UAC umbrella The United Aircraft Corporation started out producing

5616-477: The Yakovlev Yak-42 . and to compete with the Airbus A320neo and the Boeing B737 MAX . Despite the domination of the airliner market by Boeing and Airbus as well as Russian protectionism preventing western companies to supply the program, the MC-21 was able to have its maiden flight , have two prototypes built and another four in assembly, and getting a total of 366 orders as of 24 July 2017, with an introduction planned in 2019 with Aeroflot . The introduction

5733-444: The battle of Mariupol it struck a hospital as well as a theatre . Russian pilots in Ukraine are having to use civilian GPS units "taped to the dashboards". On 19 September US Air Force General James B. Hecker said that Russia had lost 55 military aircraft due to being shot down by Ukrainian air defenses since the start of the invasion. He credits this success to the Ukrainian use of SA-11 and SA-10 air defense systems. As

5850-607: The ceasefire agreement , Russian peacekeepers were deployed to Nagorno-Karabakh with aviation to patrol its borders. Modernization plans and programs carried out since the 2010s are being continued into 2021 as a part of Russia's State Armament Program for 2018–2027. On 24 February 2022, the VVS was deployed in support of the invasion of Ukraine . The VVS had reportedly deployed about 300 combat aircraft within range of Ukraine. Aircraft have also been deployed in Belarus for sorties over Ukraine . On 25 February 2022, Ukrainian forces reportedly destroyed several aircraft and set

5967-406: The indiscriminate bombing of civilian targets by the VVS in Syria has been described as "amounting to war crime" by a United Nations Human Rights Council report. On 9 November 2020, a Russian Mil Mi-24 attack helicopter was shot down mistakenly by the Azerbaijani Armed Forces during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war killing 2 crew members and injuring 1 more. Days later, after the signing of

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6084-530: The president of Russia at that time, Boris Yeltsin decided that consolidation was necessary. He decided to create the VPK-MAPO (Military Industrial Complex – Moscow Aircraft Production Association), which includes companies such as Mikoyan . The consolidation was not successful and MAPA later merged with Sukhoi . The UAC was created on 20 February 2006 by Russian President Vladimir Putin in Presidential Decree No. 140 by merging shares from Ilyushin , Irkut , Mikoyan , Sukhoi , Tupolev , and Yakovlev as

6201-460: The 2,154 missiles fired by Russia hit their targets, such as the Zatoka bridge which sustained over eight air attacks before being disabled. The VVS reportedly flew over 20,000 sorties in the war, fewer than 3,000 of which entered Ukrainian airspace, possibly due to fear of Ukraine's sustained air defense. The VVS has struck civilian targets during the invasion prompting an International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine . Notably, during

6318-413: The 2012 training year. Pilots from the Kursk air base achieved an average of 150 hours, with transport aviation averaging 170 hours. In February 2014, during the early periods of Russia's annexation of Crimea , the assets of the VVS in the Southern Military District were activated and flown to the peninsula for supporting the rest of the operations. On 1 August 2015, the Russian Air Force, along with

6435-431: The 2014 sanctions did not include the civilian airliner industry of the UAC, such as the Sukhoi Superjet 100 , exports of the regional jet to Western nations so the economic activities of Superjet International were not expected to be affected. In April 2015, the company changed its full name to Public Joint-Stock Company (PJSC) "United Aircraft Corporation" (UAC). In the five years 2011–2015, UAC companies delivered to

6552-411: The 79th Heavy Bomber Aviation Division at Chagan in Kazakhstan . In 1993 and 1994 Deynekin announced that a Frontal Aviation Command (Moscow, under General-lieutenant of Aviation Nikolay Antoshkin) and a Reserves and Cadres Training Command (Samara, under Colonel-General Leonid Stepanyuk) were to be established. But little more was heard of these commands. During the 1990s, the financial stringency

6669-721: The Air Forces in 1998. The decree merging the two forces was issued by President Boris Yeltsin on 16 July 1997. During 1998 altogether 580 units and formations were disbanded, 134 reorganised, and over 600 were given a new jurisdiction. The redistribution of forces affected 95% of aircraft, 98% of helicopters, 93% of anti-aircraft missile complexes, 95% of the equipment of radiotechnical troops , 100% of anti-aircraft missiles and over 60% of aviation armament. More than 600,000 tons of material changed location and 3,500 aircraft changed airfields. Military Transport Aviation planes took more than 40,000 families to new residence areas. The short-lived operational commands were abolished. Two air armies,

6786-414: The Armed Forces on 1 September 2011, the unmanned aircraft of the VVS and the personnel operating them moved under the command structure of the Russian Ground Forces . As of 2012, the VVS operated a total of 61 air bases, including 26 air bases with tactical aircraft, of which 14 are equipped with fighter aircraft. In terms of flight hours, pilots in the Western Military District averaged 125 hours over

6903-399: The Chief of the General Staff, Nikolai Makarov said of the VVS that "They can run bombing missions only in the daytime with the sun shining, but they miss their targets anyway". Maj. Gen. Pavel Androsov said that Russia's long-range bombers would be upgraded in 2009 to be able to hit within 20 meters of their targets. Also in September 2009, it was reported that an East European network of

7020-484: The MC-21 was to replace the Tupolev Tu-154 , Tupolev Tu-134 , Tupolev Tu-204 , and the Yakovlev Yak-42 . and to compete with the Airbus A320neo and the Boeing B737 MAX . Despite the domination of the airliner market by Boeing and Airbus as well as Russian protectionism preventing western companies from being suppliers to the program, the MC-21 was able to make its maiden flight on 28 May 2017, with two prototypes built and another four in assembly, while obtaining

7137-543: The Oxford University Press, and a variation was used by the British Library to catalogue publications acquired up to 1975. The Library of Congress system (ALA-LC) is used for newer acquisitions. The BGN/PCGN system is relatively intuitive for Anglophones to read and pronounce. In many publications, a simplified form of the system is used to render English versions of Russian names, typically converting ë to yo , simplifying -iy and -yy endings to -y , and omitting apostrophes for ъ and ь . It can be rendered using only

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7254-408: The PAK platform are the Ilyushin PAK TA , a supersonic transport aircraft , the Tupolev PAK DA , a strategic bomber , the Sukhoi PAK ShA, a close air support aircraft designed to replace the Sukhoi Su-25 , and the Mikoyan PAK DP, a new fast interceptor aircraft. Military aircraft that are not under the PAK platform and are under development are the Mikoyan MiG-41 and the Mikoyan LMFS . At

7371-415: The Russian Air Force as the Sukhoi Su-57, under the Prospective Airborne Complex (PAK) platform, would be the first Russian aircraft to use stealth technology , as well as being Russia's first fifth-generation jet fighter, as stated before. The Sukhoi Su-57 would replace the aging Sukhoi Su-27 and the Mikoyan MiG-29 in the Russian Air Force with an introduction in 2020. Other aircraft being developed under

7488-420: The Russian Defence Ministry more than 200 aircraft. On 28 September 2015, according to a resolution by the Ukrainian government , the state-owned corporation Antonov would exit the LLC UAC - Antonov joint venture between the Russian and Ukrainian companies. On 13 January 2016, India 's HAL announced it would cease involvement in the Ilyushin Il-214 MTA project, and that Ilyushin would have to work on

7605-447: The Russian Federation in UAC's chartered capital is 80.29%. In February 2008, the UAC brought out an improved version of the Sukhoi Su-27, the Sukhoi Su-35S , also called the Su-35BM, which was to serve as the interim aircraft for the upcoming Sukhoi PAK FA , Russia's first fifth generation jet fighter . This is the second modernized version of the Su-27, where the first modernized version took place back on 28 June 1988, designated as

7722-417: The SSJ 100 to potential customers. In October 2009, the UAC signed a joint venture with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) of India named the Multirole Transport Aircraft Limited (MTAL) where the two companies would cooperate on manufacturing aircraft for both of the Russian Armed Forces , the Indian Armed Forces , and for friendly third-party countries. One of the projects being developed in 2017 by

7839-445: The Su-35S would go over 160 but they are blunted by updated versions of the Sukhoi Su-30 . 30 Tupolev Tu-22M3 bombers would be upgraded to the Tupolev Tu-22M3M with advanced avionics, ability to use air-to-surface weaponry, hardware components, and adapted for extended ranged weaponry. The first flight is scheduled for August 2018. Remaining Tupolev Tu-22M3 bombers would be undergoing modernization. The Sukhoi PAK FA , designated by

7956-538: The Sukhoi PAK FA as the Sukhoi Su-57. On 27 October 2010, the UAC and the Ukrainian state-owned aircraft corporation , Antonov , signed a joint venture contract , LLC UAC - Antonov, in the capital city of Ukraine, Kyiv . The purpose of the joint-venture was to deal with the coordination of Antonov and the UAC on purchasing spare parts, production, marketing, and sales, as well as servicing and joint creation of new modifications of Antonov aircraft, according to Defense-Aerospace. In 2013, nine aircraft repair plants of

8073-420: The Sukhoi Su-27M, also known as the Su-35. The improved aircraft includes a reinforced airframe, air-trusted engines, radar , and improved avionics while excluding canards and an air brake . The Russian Air Force designated them as the Su-35S and ordered 98 units with additional orders from China and Indonesia . Sukhoi thought sales of the Su-35S would go over 160 but they are blunted by updated versions of

8190-431: The Tu-154 stopped in 2013. Following a crash in 2016 , all Russian Tu-154s were grounded, and now the airliner is in limited service by a few airline companies and military. The Ilyushin Il-86 is a short/medium-range, wide-body jet airliner, developed and introduced in Soviet times as well. The Ilyushin Il-86 was the first Soviet wide-body airliner and the world's second four-engine wide-body airliner developed. The Il-86

8307-423: The US doesn't have these systems getting new missiles from European allies is a "big ask" from Kyiv . Russian airplanes increased their operations due to the September 2022 Ukrainian Kharkiv Oblast counteroffensive . This was due to several factors including changing front lines, former safe territory is now held by the enemy. Or because they were under pressure to provide closer ground support. On 8 October 2022

8424-525: The United Aircraft Corporation was acquired from the Federal Agency for State Property Management by Russian conglomerate state corporation Rostec , with a turnover cost over one billion rubles (US$ 15 million). This would result in the all Russian national aviation assets being put in the hands of Rostec, as Rostec also owns the helicopter monopoly Russian Helicopters and the engine monopoly United Engine Corporation . Rostec had stated it

8541-460: The VVS suffered losses of between four and seven aircraft due to Georgian anti-aircraft fire. The 2008 Russian military reforms were promptly announced following the war, which according to Western experts were intended to address many inadequacies discovered as a result. The reforms commenced in early 2009, in which air armies were succeeded by commands, and most air regiments became air bases. Aviation Week & Space Technology confirmed that

8658-719: The aircraft started before 2011, the year of which the maiden flight of the Ilyushin Il-112 is supposed to occur. The project was later abandoned in May 2011 by the Russian Ministry of Defense and seven Antonov An-140T were purchased. The project was later continued in January 2013 and a maiden flight conducted in 2019. The Beriev Aircraft Company is a branch of the UAC that specializes in special purposes and amphibious aircraft . The Beriev Be-200 "Altair" , based on

8775-415: The airliner is in low-rate production and used by only a few airlines. The Il-96's purpose as an airliner ended in 2009, as it was deemed inferior to its Boeing and Airbus counterparts. The Tupolev Tu-204 is a medium-range, narrow-body jet airliner, featuring many technological innovations such as a fly-by-wire control system , a glass cockpit , etc., and was developed primarily for Aeroflot. The Tu-204

8892-480: The annexation. As of 2022, UAC was 88 percent owned by Rostec. On 22 March 2022, it was remarked that the Russian aviation industry was not receiving imported parts already paid for as a result of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . The company and its CEO Yury Slyusar were sanctioned by the British government on 24 February 2022, as it was judged to have aided in the Russian invasion of Ukraine . In May 2022

9009-622: The basic letters and punctuation found on English-language keyboards: no diacritics or unusual letters are required, although the interpunct character (·) may be used to avoid ambiguity. This particular standard is part of the BGN/PCGN romanization system which was developed by the United States Board on Geographic Names and by the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use . The portion of

9126-714: The chief of the VVS Sergey Surovikin became the commander of all Russian forces invading Ukraine. On 10 October 2022 the VVS re-commenced the bombardment of cities like Kyiv and especially energy infrastructure like electricity grid facilities. The large-scale coordinated attacks also hit Kharkiv , Kryvyi Rih , Lviv , Dnipro , Ternopil , Kremenchuk , Khmelnytskyi , and Zhytomyr . The oblasts of Kyiv, Khmelnytskyi, Lviv, Dnipropetrovsk, Vinnytsia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Zaporizhzhia, Sumy, Kharkiv, Zhytormyr, Kirovohrad were attacked on this day. When, by 17 October, these energy infrastructure attacks continued unabated

9243-538: The commander of the VVS as part of the new Russian Aerospace Forces is titled Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Aerospace Forces and Commander of the VVS. Lieutenant General Andrey Yudin became the first holder of the position until he was succeeded by Lieutenant General Sergey Dronov in August 2019. In 2009 the structure of the VVS was completely changed to a command-air base structure from

9360-802: The competition in April 2011. The MiG-35 would be adopted by the Russian Air Force and was planned to be introduced in 2018. In October 2007, the Federal Financial Markets Service registered a primary issue of common shares for the United Aircraft Building Corporation . The issue included 96,724,000,000 shares priced at 1 RUB = US$ 0.04. In December 2007, the state-owned Vneshtorgbank announced that it would sell its 5% share in EADS to UAC at market price. Later that month VTB sold its share in EADS to

9477-515: The destroyed Mi-8s as well as the damaged one were Russia's newest Mi-8MTPR-1 Electronic Warfare variants. Up to 29 crew were killed, assuming the aircraft were fully manned, but the VVS has not released casualties. Wagner lost at least five vehicles during hostilities, but it is unclear how many can be attributed to VVS actions. Reports indicated that the Russian Armed Forces were failing to stop Wagner's momentum toward Moscow when

9594-584: The dissolution of the Soviet Union into its fifteen constituent republics in December 1991, the aircraft and personnel of the Soviet Air Forces —the VVS —were divided among the newly independent states. General Pyotr Deynekin , the former deputy commander-in-chief of the Soviet Air Forces, became the first commander of the new organization on 24 August 1991. Russia received the majority of

9711-501: The extensive use of MANPADS as well as NATO reportedly sharing early warning information with Ukrainian forces. According to the Ukrainian MoD, as of 16 March 2022, the VVS has also suffered at least 77 aircraft losses, however only 12 were verified by independent sources at the time. In the first six months of the campaign, Russia's air war was largely a failure. An American intelligence analyst said that less than 40% of

9828-676: The flight hours of the United States Air Force . The 2007 edition of the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) Military Balance listed pilots of tactical aviation flying 20–25 hours a year, 61st Air Army pilots (former Military Transport Aviation), 60 hours a year, and Army Aviation under VVS control 55 hours a year. In 2007 the VVS resumed the Soviet-era practice of deploying its strategic bomber aircraft on long-range patrols. This ended

9945-489: The forces of central subordination are as of approximately August 2008. Warfare.ru maintains what appears to be a reasonably up-to-date listing, and Combat Aircraft magazine in June 2010 listed their organization's estimate of the new order of battle. This listing appears to be as of June 2009 : Russian Air Force flights often use a callsign beginning with RFF: For example RFF1234. Helicopter regiments providing support to

10062-501: The intent being that Sukhoi would become the financial entity for all civil aircraft produced by UAC. According to UAC, the corporate restructuring was aimed at realizing UAC's strategic goal to increase the share of civil products in its portfolio to 45% by 2035 and to drive annual civil aircraft production to 100-120 aircraft per year, as well as to increase UAC's economic effectiveness and lower costs by centralizing supporting processes and decreasing levels of management. The transformation

10179-799: The interwar period, the Soviet Union made significant advancements in aviation technology and pilot training. By World War II , the Soviet Air Forces had grown substantially and played a crucial role in key battles, such as the Battle of Stalingrad and the Defence of Moscow , helping to turn the tide against Nazi Germany on the Eastern Front . Soviet pilots flew legendary aircraft like the Yakovlev Yak-3 and Ilyushin Il-2 Sturmovik , which were crucial in gaining air superiority. After

10296-443: The introduction of a dedicated Latin alphabet for writing the Russian language. Such an alphabet would not necessarily bind closely to the traditional Cyrillic orthography. The transition from Cyrillic to Latin has been proposed several times throughout history (especially during the Soviet era), but was never conducted on a large scale, except for informal romanizations in the computer era. The most serious possibility of adoption of

10413-574: The joint venture was the Ilyushin Il-214 Multirole Transport Aircraft (MTA) which was intended to replace India's Antonov An-32 transport fleet. The Il-214 was planned to perform regular transport duties as well as deploy paratroopers . The aircraft is planned to be revealed in 2017 and planned to be introduced in 2018. In 2009, UAC delivered 90 aircraft, including 17 passenger models. This figure includes 31 MiG-29 and two Su-34 fighter jets produced for

10530-518: The manufacture, design, and sale of military, civilian, transport, and unmanned aircraft. Its corporate office is at Leningradsky Avenue, Khoroshyovsky District, Moscow . Many of the corporation's assets are located in various regions in Russia, with joint ventures with foreign partners in China, India, and Italy. After the Soviet Union's sudden collapse in 1991, the aerospace industry of Russia

10647-648: The most modern fighters and 65% of the manpower. The major commands of the former Soviet VVS—the Long-Range Aviation , Military Transport Aviation , and Frontal Aviation were renamed, with few changes, Russian VVS commands. However, many regiments, aircraft, and personnel were claimed by the republics they were based in, forming the core of the new republics' air forces. Some aircraft in Belarus and Ukraine (such as Tupolev Tu-160s ) were returned to Russia, sometimes in return for debt reductions, as well as

10764-484: The new system and the old one, citizens who wanted to retain the old version of a name's transliteration, especially one that had been in the old pre-2010 passport, could apply to the local migration office before they acquired a new passport. The standard was abandoned in 2013. In 2013, Order No. 320 of the Federal Migration Service of Russia came into force. It states that all personal names in

10881-510: The passports must be transliterated by using the ICAO system , which is published in Doc 9303 " Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 3 ". The system differs from the GOST R 52535.1-2006 system in two things: ц is transliterated into ts (as in pre-2010 systems), ъ is transliterated into ie (a novelty). In a second sense, the romanization or Latinization of Russian may also indicate

10998-697: The previous structure of air army-air division or corps- air regiment . The VVS was divided into four operational commands, the Aerospace Defense Operational Strategic Command (seemingly primarily made up of the former Special Purpose Command ), the Military Transport Aviation Command, and the Long-Range Aviation Command. This listing is a composite; the available new information covers frontline forces, and

11115-653: The project alone. The project was subsequently redesignated as the "Ilyushin Il-214" (with the MTA removed) since the project is no longer under the Multirole Transport Aircraft Limited joint-venture. On 8 June 2016, UAC officially revealed the Irkut MC-21 , its first medium-range jet airliner , when it rolled out in Irkutsk . The aircraft could be the first with an out of autoclave composite manufacturing for its wings. The goal of

11232-429: The reorganization would be completed by December 2009 and would see a 40 percent reduction in aircrew numbers. In February 2009, the Russian newspaper Kommersant reported that 200 of the 291 MiG-29s currently in service across all Russian air arms were unsafe and would have to be permanently grounded. This action would remove from service about a third of Russia's total fighter force, some 650 aircraft. On 5 June 2009,

11349-516: The state-funded private military company Wagner Group rebelled against the Russian government citing increased tensions with Ministry of Defence leaders. With the majority of Russian ground forces already committed in the invasion of Ukraine , the VVS was a primary component of the Russian military response to the rebellion. During the conflict, the VVS lost one Il-22M Airborne Command Post and five helicopters (three Mi-8 , one Mi-35M , and one KA-52 ) as well as one damaged Mi-8 . Two of

11466-479: The state-owned Russian Development Bank ( VEB ). EADS already owned a 10% stake in Irkut in 2012, which it planned to convert into UAC shares, which would result in EADS and UAC owning shares of each other. They also announced plans for a possible 10–15% share issue in 2008, planning to retain a 75% stake. Ater placing 5 additional share issues, the Corporation's chartered capital amounts to 174.61 bln. RUB . The share of

11583-410: The system for bibliographic cataloguing requires some diacritics, two-letter tie characters , and prime marks. The standard is also often adapted as a "simplified" or "modified Library of Congress system" for use in text for a non-specialized audience, omitting the special characters and diacritics, simplifying endings, and modifying iotated initials. British Standard 2979:1958 is the main system of

11700-436: The system pertaining to the Russian language was adopted by BGN in 1944 and by PCGN in 1947. In Soviet international passports , transliteration was based on French rules but without diacritics and so all names were transliterated in a French-style system . In 1997, with the introduction of new Russian passports , a diacritic-free English-oriented system was established by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs , but

11817-447: The system was also abandoned in 2010. In 2006, GOST R 52535.1-2006 was adopted, which defines technical requirements and standards for Russian international passports and introduces its own system of transliteration. In 2010, the Federal Migration Service of Russia approved Order No. 26, stating that all personal names in the passports issued after 2010 must be transliterated using GOST R 52535.1-2006. Because of some differences between

11934-491: The two state corporations was created, and development began in 2012. However, the team under Ilyushin Aviation Complex , a branch of the UAC, and the team under HAL had many disagreements and misunderstandings. In January 2016, Ilyushin halted the project, and HAL announced it would not be involved in the Ilyushin Il-214 MTA project anymore, and that Ilyushin would have to work on the project alone. The project

12051-832: The war, the Soviet Air Force focused on modernising its fleet, developing jet fighters like the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 , which became famous during the Korean War . Throughout the Cold War , the Soviet Air Force was a pivotal part of the USSR ’s military strategy, with long-range bombers like the Tu-95 and advanced fighters such as the MiG-21 and Su-27 becoming iconic symbols of Soviet air power. Following

12168-546: The western media labeled the delivery system "kamikaze drones", and Ukrainian president Zelensky called this "terrorizing the civilian population". By 23 October (not yet two weeks) 40% of Ukrainians were without electricity and/or water. Russian airstrikes against Ukrainian infrastructure again intensified with the deployment of the UMPK (unified gliding and correction module) bomb kits since early 2023, which allowed to Russian Air Force convert dummy Soviet-era aerial bombs into

12285-497: Was amended by newer Russian GOST R 52290-2004 (tables Г.4, Г.5), the romanizations in both the standards are practically identical. ISO/R 9, established in 1954 and updated in 1968, was the adoption of the scientific transliteration by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It covers Russian and seven other Slavic languages. ISO 9:1995 is the current transliteration standard from ISO. It

12402-723: Was delayed to redevelop the airliner with almost entirely Russian parts, with the new date planned for 2025. The Sukhoi Superjet 130 is currently being developed by Sukhoi Civil Aircraft, intending to bridge the gap between the Superjet Stretch and the MC-21. The Ilyushin Il-114 's production and development continued as the Ilyushin Il-114-300, now restarted with all-Russian parts with a maiden flight planned in 2019 and an introduction planned in 2021. The CRAIC CR-929

12519-472: Was felt throughout the armed forces made its mark on the VVS as well. Pilots and other personnel could sometimes not get their wages for months, and on occasion resorted to desperate measures: four MiG-31 pilots at Yelizovo in the Far East went on hunger strike in 1996 to demand back pay which was several months overdue, and the problem was only resolved by diverting unit money intended for other tasks. As

12636-663: Was in turmoil. An excessive amount of imports and highly protective tariffs devastated the manufacturing industry, both the aerospace and the automotive industry . The military aircraft industry was able to benefit from improving export possibilities by profiting from a large storage of components and parts from Soviet times. In contrast, the civilian aircraft industry suffered large losses and production of civilian aircraft diminished significantly. For example, in 1990 Soviet industry produced 715 aircraft. Eight years later that number decreased by 661 to only 56 aircraft. In 2000 just four civilian aircraft were produced. To address this,

12753-440: Was intended to concentrate resources to develop, manufacture, and market Russian civil aircraft, while ensuring consistency in these areas and simplifying certification and licensing procedures. On 9 July 2018, UAC was targeting 4.5% of global airliner market share by value and profitability by 2025, to grow its civil aircraft business from 17% to 40% of its income and to attract private investors before 2035. On 25 October 2018,

12870-489: Was introduced on 21 April 2011, with Armavia . The Sukhoi Superjet 100 was subsequently described as the most important and the most successful airliner program of the Russian aerospace industry , and is regarded by the Ministry of Industry and Trade as a top priority project. Sukhoi Holdings of the UAC signed a joint venture with Leonardo-Finmeccanica (now Leonardo S.p.A.) to establish Superjet International to sell

12987-583: Was later described as the most important and the most successful airliner program of the Russian aerospace industry , and is regarded by the Ministry of Industry and Trade as a top priority project. The Irkut MC-21 is currently the newest jet airliner developed under the UAC brand, which is developed by the Irkut Corporation , a brand of the UAC. The goal of the MC-21 is to replace the Tupolev Tu-154 , Tupolev Tu-134 , Tupolev Tu-204 , and

13104-748: Was named the CRAIC CR-929 , formerly the C929, and is intended to compete with the Airbus A330neo and the Boeing 787 ; thus challenging the Airbus-Boeing duopoly . On 1 September 2017, the UAC Board of Directors, and UAC's subsidiaries, Sukhoi Civil Aircraft and the Irkut Corporation agreed to merge the civil industry Irkut Corporation and the Sukhoi Civil Aircraft into a Civil Aviation Division based on Irkut Corporation, with

13221-590: Was on 26 October 2016, with an introduction with the Russian Air Force . The A-100 is developed from the Ilyushin Il-476 with avionics and configuration being similar to the A-50U as well as a new active phased array radar made by JSC Vega . Most of the military aircraft produced by the UAC were designed before the corporation 's creation, many of them designed in the Soviet era . Jet fighters such as

13338-624: Was praised for its safety and reliability, but only 106 were built, as a result of many delays during development. Production of the airliner stopped in 1995, and the airliner was retired in 2011, with only four in service in the Russian Air Force . The Ilyushin Il-96 is a shortened, long-ranged successor of the Il-86, with updated technologies, and the first airliner from the Russian Federation to be introduced. Only 30 were built however, and

13455-593: Was subsequently managed by the Chief of the Department of Army Aviation. In 2010, it was announced that the 2003 decision to transfer Ground Force Aviation to the Air Force was reversed, with the transfer back to the Ground Forces to occur sometime in 2015 or 2016. During the 2000s, the Air Force continued to suffer from a lack of resources for pilot training. In the 1990s Russian pilots achieved approximately 10% of

13572-518: Was succeeded by its variant, the Tu-214. The Ilyushin Il-114 is a turboprop , narrow-body regional airliner developed to replace the Antonov An-24 , which most were in service of Aeroflot. However, only 20 had been built, and only two airlines were using it, so the Il-114's production was temporarily halted. The Sukhoi Superjet 100 is the first airliner and regional jet airliner that

13689-488: Was willing to invest up to 40 billion rubles into the MC-21 , taking some burden away from the federal budget. The restructuring was to be completed within 18 months. On 30 November 2021, the UAC board of directors approved the annexation to the corporation of both military aircraft producers Mikoyan and Sukhoi , previewed for 2022. The daily management of both is already made by UAC. In January 2022, UAC shareholders approved

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