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46-793: Highway 1 is a provincial highway in British Columbia , Canada, that carries the main route of the Trans-Canada Highway (TCH). The highway is 1,047 kilometres (651 mi) long and connects Vancouver Island , the Greater Vancouver region in the Lower Mainland , and the Interior . It is the westernmost portion of the main TCH to be numbered "Highway 1", which continues through Western Canada and extends to

92-547: A high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane . These HOV lanes were constructed in 1998 as part of the BC MOT's "Go Green" project to promote the use of HOV vehicles, and cost $ 62 million. The highway shortens to two lanes per direction after leaving Langley (Metro Vancouver), and enters Abbotsford (Fraser Valley). The Upper Levels Highway opened between Horseshoe Bay and Taylor Way in West Vancouver on September 14, 1957, replacing

138-641: A 9, followed by a two-digit number designating a "transportation district", a colon, and then a four-digit number derived from the province's Landmark Kilometre Inventory system. The following routes are within British Columbia but are considered part of the Yukon highway system. Although the Alaska Highway crosses the 60th parallel north , and thus the border with the Yukon, nine times (including six crossings between historic miles 588 and 596),

184-663: A bypass of Abbotsford was also being constructed. That section of freeway was officially opened by Phil Gaglardi on April 19, 1962. On May 1, 1964, the section of Freeway between what is now north of the 1st Avenue interchange to the Cape Horn Interchange opened. This was followed on June 12 by the opening of the Port Mann bridge, and the official opening of the freeway-expressway system from Bridal Falls to Taylor Way. A 90-year-old man and 11-year-old girl assisted Premier W.A.C. Bennett and Phil Gaglardi in opening

230-470: A highway with passing lanes and a median barrier added in the late 2010s in response to a high rate of collisions. The section also has occasional closures, relying on the limited-capacity Mill Bay Ferry or the longer Pacific Marine Circle Route as alternate connections between Greater Victoria and other Vancouver Island communities. Highway 1 passes the Malahat SkyWalk , an observation built by

276-746: A limited-access road with a median divider. Highway 1 (part of the Island Highway) then travels around Bear Mountain and turns north to follow the Goldstream River into Goldstream Provincial Park , where it meets several trailheads . The Island Highway continues along the west side of the Saanich Inlet and enters the Cowichan Valley Regional District near Malahat . It descends from Malahat Summit, at 352 metres (1,155 ft) above sea level , on

322-466: A railroad underpass near Lytton were also damaged in the same event. As a result of the floods, which also damaged other highways in the Fraser Valley, road connections from Metro Vancouver to the rest of Canada were cut off. The Interior section of Highway 1 is considered sub-standard when compared to other highways with similar traffic volume in the U.S. or other parts of Canada. The majority of

368-484: A section of Marine Drive that had carried Highway 1. Construction on a new, high-level Second Narrows Bridge began two months later and was planned to be incorporated into the Trans-Canada Highway upon completion. On June 17, 1958, several spans of the unfinished bridge collapsed during work on the main arch; 18 workers died and one diver also died during a later search at the site. The Second Narrows Bridge

414-539: A system of numbered highways that travel between various cities and regions with onward connections to neighboring provinces and U.S. states . The numbering scheme, announced in March 1940, includes route numbers that reflect United States Numbered Highways that continue south of the Canada–United States border . Highway 1 is numbered in accordance with other routes on the Trans-Canada Highway system. List

460-635: Is Black Ball Ferry Line, which currently operates only one route across the Strait of Juan de Fuca , between Port Angeles and Victoria , using the MV Coho , built in 1959. Originally Black Ball Line had a second service known as Black Ball Freight Service which was a subsidiary of the Puget Sound Navigation. It is unclear when the subsidiary was created. In 1936 R.J. Acheson purchased the subsidiary. In 1952, Acheson and his wife organized

506-582: Is current as of May 2017, according to the British Columbia Ministry of Transportation. All routes are signed with the standard " BC Primary Highway Marker " shield, except where stated as " Unsigned ", signed under a street name, signed with the Trans-Canada , Yellowhead , Crowsnest , or Nisga'a route marker, or cosigned with any combination of the above, in the "Notes" column. Disestablished and renamed Canada Way after Hwy 401

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552-646: The 400-Series Highways in Ontario . Highways 401 and 499 were renumbered 1 and 99 respectively in 1973. The section of Highway 37 between Terrace and Kitimat was known as Highway 25 until 1986. In recent years, many routes have been devolved to regional and/or municipal authorities and have lost their official highway status, notably the Fraser Highway in the Lower Mainland (formerly part of Highway 1A ) and West Saanich Road on Vancouver Island (formerly Highway 17A ). Also King George Highway through Surrey

598-630: The British Columbia Parliament Buildings . The highway travels through Downtown Victoria and passes several city landmarks, including the Fairmont Empress Hotel , the Bay Centre , Chinatown , and Save-On-Foods Memorial Centre . It follows Douglas Street, a six-lane urban thoroughfare with bus lanes during peak periods , and continues north into the suburban municipality of Saanich . Near

644-652: The Canadian Pacific Railway 's steamships on several routes. The company's trade name was inspired by the Black Ball Line which began scheduled passenger and freight service in 1818 with four sailing ships between New York and Liverpool. In 1884, the grandson of one of the founders, Charles Peabody, moved to Port Townsend Washington. Under modified Black Ball flag, he began the Alaska Steamship Company. Before 1927, when

690-456: The Highway of Heroes . On September 4, 2020, a new interchange with 216 Street was opened. On November 10, 2022, it was announced that major construction of a new overpass at Glover Road (which will be built first), a revised interchange with Highway 10/232 St. and widening to three lanes between 216 Street and Highway 13/264 St. had started. This work is part of a plan to eventually widen

736-529: The Malahat First Nation , and through farmland surrounding Mill Bay . The highway travels around central Duncan and through North Cowichan and Ladysmith as it continues north as a divided highway with limited access at signalized intersections. In southern Nanaimo , it has a short concurrency with Highway 19 , which continues east to the Duke Point ferry terminal and northwest along

782-648: The Manitoba – Ontario boundary. The section of Highway 1 in the Lower Mainland is the second-busiest freeway in Canada, after Ontario Highway 401 in Toronto. The highway's western terminus is in the provincial capital of Victoria , where it serves as a city street and freeway in the suburbs. Highway 1 travels north to Nanaimo and reaches the Lower Mainland at Horseshoe Bay via a BC Ferries route across

828-617: The Strait of Georgia . Highway 1 travels through central Nanaimo on Nicol Street and Stewart Avenue to the Departure Bay ferry terminal , where the Vancouver Island section ends. BC Ferries operates an automobile ferry service from Departure Bay to Horseshoe Bay that carries Highway 1 to the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. A typical vessel assigned to the route can carry 1,460 to 1,571 passengers and 310 to 322 vehicles. The Vancouver Island section of Highway 1

874-852: The Strait of Georgia . The highway bypasses Vancouver on a freeway that travels through Burnaby , northern Surrey , and Abbotsford while following the Fraser River inland. The freeway ends in Hope , where Highway 1 turns north and later east to follow the Fraser and Thompson rivers into the Interior and through Kamloops . The highway continues east across the Columbia Mountains , serving three national parks : Mount Revelstoke , Glacier , and Yoho . Highway 1 enters Alberta at Kicking Horse Pass near Banff National Park . Highway 1

920-479: The Strait of Juan de Fuca . The terminus is marked by the Mile Zero Monument , a wooden sign at the foot of Beacon Hill Park , with a nearby statue of runner Terry Fox to commemorate his cross-country marathon that was planned to end at the monument. The highway travels north on Douglas Street and forms the boundary between the residential James Bay neighbourhood to the west and Beacon Hill Park to

966-597: The 1940/1941 fiscal year and led to the installation of route markers along multiple highways. Black Ball Ferries In the past, the company operated an entire fleet of steamboats and ferries on Puget Sound in Washington and the Georgia Strait in British Columbia . Known colloquially as the Black Ball Line , the PSNC achieved a "virtual monopoly" on cross-sound traffic in the 1930s and competed with

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1012-603: The 2000s and 2010s multiple interchanges were upgraded and rebuilt along the highway. The Gateway program saw the rebuilding of several interchanges from Willingdon Avenue to 176 Street . Through Abbotsford the Mount Lehman/Fraser Highway, Clearbrook Road, and McCallum Road interchanges were rebuilt. On June 9, 2011, Highway 1 between 152 Street in Surrey and Highway 11 in Abbotsford was designated as

1058-600: The 2000s, 25 kilometres of road in the Kicking Horse Pass near Golden have been rebuilt in phases to modern standards, with four lanes and the removal of sharp corners. The final phase is due for completion in 2024. During major floods in November 2021 , sections of Highway 1 between Hope and Spences Bridge were washed away into the Thompson River. Other sections of the highway on Vancouver Island and

1104-481: The Chilliwack Bypass was officially opened by Highways Minister Phil Gaglardi , MLA for Chillwack William Kenneth Kiernan and a six-year-old girl who cut the blue ribbon. About 6.4 km (4 mi) of the road had been opened before Gaglardi officially opened the bypass. Work on the bypass started on December 12, 1956, with two men clearing bushes. Around the time of opening of the Chilliwack Bypass,

1150-677: The Goldstream–Malahat section of Highway 1 and identified several potential routes, but instead decided to move forward with safety improvements to the existing highway. The section was severely damaged by several floods in November 2021 , which closed the road for several days and required $ 15 million in repairs the following year. Sections of Highway 1 from Grandview Highway in Vancouver to 216 Street in Langley vary from being 3 to 4 lanes in each direction, with one of these lanes being

1196-556: The State Utilities Commission for permission to raise its fares, but was rebuffed. Following a long series of court battles, PSNC's unionized employees finally called a strike. The company responded not by hiring strike breakers, but by halting operations, hoping public pressure would convince the State to permit a fare increase. The State declined to intervene, and PSNC eventually sold its domestic operations assets to

1242-630: The Uptown shopping centre , Highway 1 turns west and becomes a limited-access road that travels alongside the Galloping Goose Regional Trail through residential areas and along the north side of Portage Inlet . The highway becomes a full freeway with four-to-six lanes as it enters the town of View Royal and travels around the north side of Mill Hill Regional Park . It then intersects Highway 14 in Langford and reverts to

1288-485: The bridge. At the time of the bridge's opening, various speed limits were in effect. The section from Bridal Falls to the Port Mann Bridge had a 70 mph (110 km/h) limit. Through Burnaby, 65 mph (105 km/h) was the limit. Speeds dropped on approach to Cassiar Street with a 50 mph (80 km/h) limit west of Boundary Road, with a drop to 30 mph (48 km/h) for Cassiar Street. Over

1334-631: The company was controlled by Joshua Green , the house flag consisted of a design by Mrs. Green, a red star on a white diamond on a blue background. After 1927, when Joshua Green sold his interest to the Peabody family, the Black Ball company flag was transferred over to Puget Sound Navigation Co., and the company became known as the Black Ball Line. PSNC began to struggle following World War II , as operating costs increased. PSNC petitioned

1380-605: The drained Sumas Lake was mostly built. The cutoff bypassed the Yale Road which avoided the historical lake by running on its southern flank and along the base of Vedder Mountain . The highway was initially partly gravel, but it was fully paved within a few years of its opening. From 1960 to 1964, the province opened several expressway and freeway segments as a part of a continuous express route between Bridal Falls and Taylor Way in West Vancouver . On August 1, 1960,

1426-615: The east. At the northwest edge of the park, Blanshard Street, which later carries Highway 17 , splits off from the highway to run a block east, staying parallel to Douglas Street. Highway 1 passes the Royal BC Museum and intersects Belleville Street, a short connector that carries a section of Highway 17 from the Black Ball Ferries terminal (which is used by the MV ; Coho to Port Angeles, Washington ) and passes

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1472-806: The four-lane portions of the Kicking Horse Canyon, the 13 km-long passing lanes near Blind Bay, and many smaller four-lane divided fragments typically 2–4 km in length, are the results of this effort. As of 2020, about 25 percent of the highway between Alberta and Kamloops has been upgraded to a divided four-lane cross-section. Several new projects have been funded and are expected to the constructed by 2023, including: [REDACTED] Media related to British Columbia Highway 1 at Wikimedia Commons Cape Horn Interchange Provincial highways in British Columbia The Canadian province of British Columbia has

1518-483: The highway route number changes just once, between Lower Post, British Columbia , and Watson Lake, Yukon . The Yukon section east of here is maintained by Public Works Canada as part of the B.C. portion of Highway 97, while the B.C. section west of here is maintained by the Yukon Government as part of Yukon Highway 1. The first two freeways built in British Columbia were given 400-series numbers, much like

1564-464: The highway to Whatcom Road in Abbotsford. Several sections of Highway 1 between Revelstoke and the Alberta border are under the jurisdiction of Parks Canada . The first section of the highway to be twinned was the 12-kilometre stretch in 1984–1985 through Malakwa starting 8 kilometres east of Sicamous until Oxbow Road. This remained the only four-lane stretch east of Kamloops until the 2000s. Since

1610-519: The opening of the freeway (and prior to the 1980s and 1990s, expressway) segments of the present Trans-Canada, traffic used the Pattullo Bridge , Kingsway , and Fraser Highway as the Trans-Canada Highway. These roads were a part of the Highway 1 from its designation in 1940 until the redesignation of the B.C.'s 400 series highways in 1972/73. By 1932 a new cutoff across northern parts of

1656-546: The route is a dangerous, undivided two-lane highway with sharp corners, prone to frequent closures and accidents. To address this, the Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure has undertaken an effort to twin the highway to four-lane 100 km/h standards between Kamloops and Alberta, with a targeted completion date of 2050. Several stretches of four-lane divided highway, including the Monte Creek to Pritchard section;

1702-460: The state of Washington's Department of Transportation for the sum of $ 4.9 million in early 1951, creating Washington State Ferries on May 31. PSNC retained the assets used in their Canadian operations and, after the 1951 downsizing, operated a much-reduced fleet of five ships as Black Ball Ferries, Ltd. on routes between Vancouver and Nanaimo , and across Howe Sound and Jervis Inlet . The first all-Canadian route began on August 11, 1951 and

1748-674: The years, various interchanges have been built and rebuilt. On July 31, 1969, the interchange with Lickman Road in Chilliwack opened. The Prest Road overpass followed in the early 1970s. In January 1992 the Cassiar Tunnel opened. The project replaced a surface street section of Cassiar Street which was used by traffic to get from the Burnaby Freeway to the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge . Through

1794-599: Was between Horseshoe Bay (in West Vancouver) and Gibsons Landing on BC's Sunshine Coast. In November 1961, this company sold most of its assets to BC Ferries , which had commenced operations in June 1960 as a division of the British Columbia Toll Highways and Bridges Authority, a Crown corporation of the British Columbia provincial government. The current descendant of the Black Ball Line

1840-551: Was completed. Sections of Grandview Highway were dismantled to make way for the First Ave - Hwy 1 connector. The following routes are maintained by the Ministry of Transportation as part of British Columbia's highway system, but they are Currently unnumbered. Provincially maintained roads with informal or unofficial numbers: Provincially maintained routes which are unnumbered. Route numbers are unsigned and internally referred to as "pseudo-numbers". Pseudo-numbers start with

1886-484: Was dedicated to the accident's victims and opened to traffic on August 25, 1960; it cost $ 23 million to construct and was the second-longest bridge in Canada at the time of its completion. The Upper Levels Highway was extended 9.3 kilometres (5.76 mi) east to the Second Narrows Bridge on March 4, 1961; the limited-access highway across North Vancouver cost $ 50 million to construct. Prior to

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1932-554: Was designated in the initial numbering scheme announced by the provincial government in March 1940, along with Highway 1A. It originally connected Victoria to Kelsey Bay , a small coastal community north of Campbell River . The Vancouver Island section was truncated to downtown Nanaimo in 1953, with the section north of Nanaimo being re-numbered to Highway 19 . When BC Ferries took over the ferry route between Departure Bay in Nanaimo and Horseshoe Bay in West Vancouver in 1961, Highway 1

1978-404: Was established in 1949 and completed in 1962. Other sections of the highway were realigned in later years, including a new freeway in the Lower Mainland that opened in the 1960s and 1970s and was numbered Highway 401 . The western terminus of Highway 1 and the 7,821-kilometre (4,860 mi) main route of the Trans-Canada Highway is at Dallas Road on the southern coast of Victoria , which faces

2024-544: Was extended to the Departure Bay ferry dock. The Malahat Highway was completed in 1911 as a gravel road with a single lane and was later upgraded to two paved lanes. A bridge across the Finlayson Arm to bypass the section was among 19 options studied in 2007, but were discarded in favor of other solutions that would cost less. In 2019, the provincial government studied the construction of a permanent detour for

2070-815: Was preceded by several overland trails and wagon roads established in the mid-to-late 19th century, including the Old Yale Road in the Fraser Valley , the Cariboo Road , and the Big Bend Highway . The provincial government designated Highway 1 in 1941 on a portion of the Island Highway between Victoria and Kelsey Bay as well as the Vancouver–Banff highway. It was incorporated into the national Trans-Canada Highway program, which

2116-439: Was renamed by the City in 2010 to King George Boulevard. (formerly British Columbia Highway 99A ). Prior to 1940, British Columbia classified its major roads with letters. Ultimately, in 1939 or early 1940, a decision was made by the Department of Public Works (now the British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure ) to replace the lettering system with the familiar number system. This transition took place during

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