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64-550: 60°38′25″N 5°57′02″E  /  60.6404°N 5.9506°E  / 60.6404; 5.9506 This Vestland location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Norway is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Vestland Vestland is a county in Norway . The county is located in Western Norway , and its administrative centre

128-526: A great escarpment . The main differences is that in Norway valley and fjord bottoms have been widened by glacier erosion, valley sides steepened, and the outer regions of valleys straightened, also by glacier erosion. The deglaciation patterns of the Bergen and Nordfjord – Sunnmøre areas in western Norway are described and correlated. In the Bergen area the coast was first deglaciated at 12,600 B.P., with

192-512: A central aspect of Norwegian history and more than 800,000 Norwegians emigrated to the United States. The first organized group of emigrants left Stavanger on the sloop Restoration on 4 July 1825. In 1837, Ægir left Bergen as the first ship with emigrants from Hordaland . The Emigration Center of Western Norway is a memorial to those who left and to their descendants. The emigrant archives now include 96,000 names of emigrants from

256-895: A common history with Denmark , the Faroe Islands and Iceland and to a lesser extent the Netherlands and Britain. For example, the Icelandic horse is a close relative of the Fjord horse and both the Faroese and Icelandic languages are based on the Old West Norse. In early Norse times, people from Western Norway became settlers at the Western Isles in the Northern Atlantic , Orkney , Shetland ,

320-419: A large fish-processing industry and offers seasonal employment for many farmers. Of all fishermen only half fish as their sole occupation. Most vessels are owned by the fishermen themselves, the necessary crew members being paid by shares of gross income in a continuation of a centuries-old tradition of the sea. A critical problem is how to avoid depleting the fish resources while maintaining the volume. About half

384-516: A major retreat. No large re-advance of the inland ice occurred during the Younger Dryas . However, in the Sunnmøre – Nordfjord area many local glaciers formed outside the inland ice during the Younger Dryas . Limnic sediments outside one such cirque glacier have been cored and dated, proving that the glacier did not exist at 12,300–11,000 B.P., and that it was formed and disappeared in

448-471: A rich agricultural area. The inland fjord areas of Hardanger are sheltered, with rich fruit districts specializing in apples and cherries. Stavanger is a leading industrial area in Western Norway. Ålesund contains many engineering firms, and the bulk of Norway's furniture industry. Along the coast fishing plays the same role that forestry does elsewhere. At the same time, it forms the basis of

512-643: A succeeding re-advance into the North Sea around 12,200 B.P. Later, during the Allerød, the inland ice retreated at least 50 km, but nearly reached the sea again during the Younger Dryas re-advance, ending at 10,000 B.P. Sunnmøre was ice-free during an interstadial 28,000–38,000 B.P. Later the inland ice reached the sea. The final deglaciation is poorly dated in Sunnmøre , while further south in Nordfjord , it started slightly before 12,300 B.P., followed by

576-494: Is Bergen , where the executive and political leadership is based. The County Governor is based in Hermansverk . Vestland is one of two counties in Norway that have Nynorsk as their official written language form. Vestland was created on 1 January 2020, when the former counties of Hordaland and Sogn og Fjordane were merged. Vestland county is a newly created county, but it has been inhabited for millennia. The area

640-566: Is 2,405 meters high. It is situated on the border between the municipality of Luster and Årdal and is part of the Hurrungane range. The summit is a destination for mountaineers but is fairly difficult. First ascent by William Cecil Slingsby on 21 July 1876. There are a number of different routes, the most common being Heftye's renne (Heftye's couloir ). Another route of ascent is via Andrew's renne (Andrew's couloir ), first ascent A. W. Andrews and party in 1899. Store Skagastølstind and

704-478: Is located in the north-central part of the region, while Hardanger Icecap ( Hardangerjøkulen ) and the Folgefonna Glacier are smaller ice fields in the south. Norway's longest fjord, Sogn Fjord (205 km [127 mi]), located in the central part of the region, nearly divides Vestlandet in two; farther south Hardanger Fjord stretches inland for 179 km (111 mi). Many waterfalls flow into

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768-488: Is located in the south of the county. This is a UNESCO listed fjord area. There are several archipelagos, including Øygarden , Austevoll , Bulandet , Bremangerlandet , and Kinn . The westernmost point in Norway proper is Holmebåen in Solund municipality. The island of Unst , part of Shetland Islands is around 300 km (190 mi) west of Holmebåen. The terrain changes quite rapidly with mostly smaller mountains on

832-751: Is located on the western coast of Norway . It is split up by several long, deep fjords including the Nordfjorden , Sognefjorden , and Hardangerfjorden , some of Norway 's most notable fjords and great tourist attractions. About half of the Hardangervidda National Park is in the county. It also includes the Jostedal , Folgefonna , and Hardangerjøkulen glaciers . The county also includes many well-known waterfalls , such as Vøringsfossen , Brudesløret and Stykkjedalsfossen . Ramnefjellsfossen (previously called Utigardfossen)

896-504: Is one of the major agricultural areas in Norway. Farms in other areas of Western Norway are often small. The total area of agricultural in Western Norway is 2 650 square kilometers, which is 5.3% of the total area in the region. Western Norway is highly mountainous; in less than 10 kilometers from the Sognefjord , there are peaks that are over 2000 meters in height. The highest point is Store Skagastølstind (also known as Storen), which

960-401: Is the elected administration of the county. It is led by the county council ( Norwegian : fylkesting ) of 65 members. Heading the county council is the county mayor ( Norwegian : fylkesordførar ). Since 2020, the county mayor of Vestland County Municipality has been Jon Askeland . The county also has a county governor ( Norwegian : statsforvaltar ) who is the representative of

1024-504: Is the tallest in Norway and third tallest in the world and Vettisfossen is one of Norway's highest waterfalls with a vertical drop of 275 m (902 ft). Both are located in the Jotunheim mountains. Outside of the Bergen metropolitan area, the county is mostly a rural area with a scattered population. Cruise ships visit Vestland all summer because of the unique vistas of high mountains and deep blue fjords. The famous Nærøyfjord

1088-576: The Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066. Vikings ' seaworthiness and wanderlust resulted in new areas being developed. Norwegian settlers moved into the North Sea westward to Iceland , the Faroe Islands , Greenland , Shetland , Orkney , Isle of Man and the Hebrides . Settlements were established in the southeast corner of Ireland including in Dublin , Waterford and Wexford . Norwegians settled along

1152-768: The British Isles , are descendants of Norsemen and Vikings who emigrated from Western Norway during the Viking Age . On the other hand, thousands of Western Norwegians are descendants of Dutch and German traders who arrived in the 16th and the 17th centuries, especially in Bergen. Vestland is also the name of a county consisting of two former counties, viz. Hordaland and Sogn og Fjordane. The two counties were re-merged after having been split in 1763 (then called Søndre Bergenhus and Nordre Bergenhus , respectively). === Early history === Norway's history begins on

1216-715: The Faroe Islands and Iceland . During the Viking Age settlements were made at the Hebrides , Man and Ireland proper. In early modern times, Western Norway experienced much emigration to the United States , Canada , and to a lesser extent to the United Kingdom . This applies particularly to the US states of Minnesota , North and South Dakota , Wisconsin , Montana , and the Canadian province of Manitoba . The Icelandic and Faroese people , and many people in

1280-592: The Faroe Islands lie to the west across the North Sea, while Denmark lies south of its southern tip across the North Sea . It is 675 km (419 mi) from the Faroe Islands to Western Norway while Unst in the Shetland Islands is about 300 km (190 mi) away. Western Norway has a 26,592 km (16,524 mi) long coastline. The southern part of the region is called Jæren . This

1344-627: The Gulating Court of Appeal district based in Bergen. Vestland is not an electoral district for elections to the Storting , as Hordaland and Sogn og Fjordane remain as separate districts. Vestland County has a total of 43 municipalities: Western Norway Western Norway ( Bokmål : Vestlandet, Vest-Norge ; Nynorsk : Vestlandet, Vest-Noreg ) is the region along the Atlantic coast of southern Norway . It consists of

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1408-548: The King and Government of Norway . Lars Sponheim is the current County Governor of Vestland and this office is based in Hermansverk . The municipalities in Vestland are divided among several district courts ( Norwegian : tingrett ): Nordhordland District Court , Sunnhordland District Court , Bergen District Court , Hardanger District Court , and Sogn og Fjordane District Court . All of these courts are subordinate to

1472-467: The Paleic relief . A study of Sognefjord suggest that the fluvial and glacial erosion that made the fjords has followed structural weaknesses in the crust . The headvalleys in particular seem to located at structural weakness zones. Western Norway bears some resemblance to other passive margins at lower latitudes like eastern Australia . In both cases a table land is dissected by valleys forming

1536-807: The Vikings feared among contemporary Christian Europeans. But the images of Vikings as bloodthirsty plunderers are not always representative. The Vikings were involved in a wealthy merchant trade, not only in Europe but also including the Byzantine Empire and the Baghdad Caliphate. Historically Vikings are often introduced with the Viking attack on Lindisfarne in 793, when they really made their mark in European history. The era ends with

1600-501: The counties Rogaland , Vestland , and Møre og Romsdal . The region has no official or political-administrative function. The region has a population of approximately 1.4 million people. The largest city is Bergen and the second-largest is Stavanger . Historically the regions of Agder , Vest-Telemark , Hallingdal , Valdres , and northern parts of Gudbrandsdal have been included in Western Norway. Western Norway, as well as other parts of historical regions of Norway, shares

1664-511: The 9th century from his Castle Avaldsnes on Karmöy at Haugesund. Norway was named from the Way North by seafaring. Before the millennium , iron was introduced and used in agriculture, and there was a shortage of land to cultivate . In the same period, the kings' power increased, and large tax claims caused many to seek freedom and fortune abroad. Many emigrated, and looting became an alternative source of income. Effective boats and weapons made

1728-647: The Earth's crust, they dug out gorges and canyons that knifed deep into the jagged coast. To the east the land sloped more gently, and broader valleys were formed. During repeated periods of glaciation in the Great Ice Age of the Quaternary Period (i.e., about the last 2.6 million years), the scouring action of glaciers tonguing down the V-shaped valleys that were then part of the landscape created

1792-479: The Hardangervidda is above the tree line . Its alpine climate means that many species of Arctic animals and plants are found here, further south than anywhere else in Europe. Its wild reindeer herds are among the largest in the world, with some 15,000 animals recorded in 1996 and about 8,000 in 2008. They migrate across the plateau during the year, moving from their winter grazing lands on the east side of

1856-546: The Hardangervidda, where they graze on lichen , to their breeding grounds in the more fertile west of the plateau. 30,000 years ago glaciers covered vast areas of the Northern Hemisphere . As so much water was trapped on land, in the form of glacial ice, the sea lay 120 metres below its present level. This meant that the North Sea was dry land, a treeless tundra, with long, winding rivers, endless stretches of boggy land and wide, sandy heaths. Only as far south as

1920-672: The Mediterranean and the Black Sea were there any forests. As the climate slowly improved and the Scandinavian peninsula rose from the grip of the ice, plants and animals started to invade the new territory. As soon as there was dry land the first plants took root and with them came animals, birds and insects. The first of these were the Arctic animals such as wild reindeer , Arctic fox and wolverine (glutton), who followed

1984-576: The archaeological record, nor has it contributed more than a handful of words to the Icelandic language , which was a Scandinavian dialect, more or less identical with the Viking Age Norse spoken in Western Norway, the Faroes , Shetland , Orkney , etc. Today it is estimated that 60% of the Icelandic population are descendants of people from Western Norway. For a century emigration was

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2048-538: The average precipitation is 2,250 mm per year [ 1 ]. The wet climate is partly due to the Gulf Stream , which also gives this region a milder winter than other parts of Norway, with rain being more common than snow in the winter. Late June to early August is when summer is at its peak. This is when the weather is at its most stable and warmest with sunny, long and bright days. It is not unusual with temperatures reaching 25 °C (77 °F) and above. During

2112-520: The beginning there has been sure short visits by people from the south who hunted along the coast. It is thought that people came from Doggerland , the North Sea land area between Denmark and England, which disappeared when the ice retreated and sea levels rose. The people who lived there must now find a new land. Some retreated south again, while a few passed the Norwegian Trench (which was considerably smaller than now) in its hunt for deer and

2176-509: The border was re-drawn so that all of Gulen was located in the northern part. On 1 January 1919, Nordre Bergenhus amt was renamed Sogn og Fjordane fylke and Søndre Bergenhus amt was renamed Hordaland fylke during a period of time when many location names in Norway were changed. The city of Bergen was removed from the Bergenhus amt in 1831 and it was classified as a city-county (byamt) from 1831 to 1972. During that time in 1915,

2240-423: The catch goes into fish meal and oil, but some is processed for human consumption in freezing plants. In the northwest the city of Ålesund thrives on fishing. Ålesund is one of the world's largest and most important ports for cod . By the mid-1990s Norway had become the world's second largest oil exporter (behind Saudi Arabia ). The first commercially important discovery of petroleum on Norway's continental shelf

2304-398: The coastline, gradually increasing to mountains reaching more than 2,000 m (6,600 ft). Because of the steep rise in elevation and fjords cutting through the terrain, the amount of precipitation is very high. Low pressure systems come in from the west and meet the mountains (a phenomenon known as orographic lifting ) and cause rain and snowfall. The Vestland County Municipality

2368-545: The congregation donated their fully furnished church to the Emigration Center. It was taken down, transported to Sletta and reconstructed there by volunteers from Radøy . The church was reconsecrated by the Bishop of Bjørgvin , Ole Danholt Hagesæther, 6 July 1997. Western Norway is the third largest region in Norway by area. It covers an area of 58,582 km (22,619 sq mi). The United Kingdom and

2432-508: The course of September the landscape is painted in golden colours. Red clusters of rowan berries hang on naked branches. Autumn also means harvest time along the fjords. Gales, rain and cloud are likely along the west coast and the rainfall is frequent and heavy. Thanks to the warming Gulf Stream , the Norwegian fjords enjoy a relatively mild climate and remain virtually ice-free even during the winter. Wintertime, usually from November, turns

2496-410: The edge of the glacier up to the mountains. The trees came later, accompanied by a rich flora and fauna including bears, elk , marten , fox, hare , European beaver and otter . This influx reached its climax around 3000 BC when the climate improved considerably, giving rise to the postglacial period of warmth. The average temperature rose 3 degrees. This may not sound very much, but in the mountains

2560-490: The end of the century approached. It was estimated that the high rate of oil production could be sustained at least into the second decade of the 21st century, while that of natural gas was projected to increase dramatically and be sustained much longer. More than one-fourth of the huge investment made in Norwegian offshore operations by the mid-1990s went toward the development of the Troll gas field just west of Bergen , one of

2624-944: The fjords, with the Syv Systre , Toka Gorge , and Vørings Falls (Vøringsfossen) among the best known. The rugged coastline is protected by thousands of offshore islands in a nearly continuous line. Occasionally, the northern parts of Møre og Romsdal are considered to be part of Trøndelag . Map references: Europe Area: total: 58,582 km Area – comparative: slightly larger than Croatia , but slightly smaller than West Virginia . Coastline: 26,592 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 10  nmi (18.5 km; 11.5 mi) continental shelf: 200 nmi (370.4 km; 230.2 mi) exclusive economic zone: 200 nmi (370.4 km; 230.2 mi) territorial sea: 12 nmi (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) Rivers running westward acquired tremendous erosive power. Following fracture lines marking weaknesses in

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2688-635: The higher mountain areas. Numerous glaciers are still found in Western Norway. Elevation extremes: lowest point: North Sea 0 m highest point: Store Skagastølstind 2,405 m The fjords of western Norway formed in connection to the east-ward tilting of much of Norway during the Cenozoic uplift of the Scandinavian Mountains . This uplift, that occurred long before the Quaternary glaciations , enabled rivers to incise deeply

2752-791: The interior mountain region. The major exception is the wide Jæren Plain, south of Stavanger . Glaciation and other forces wore down the surface and created thick sandstone , conglomerate , and limestone deposits known as sparagmite . Numerous extensive areas called peneplains, whose relief has been largely eroded away, also were formed. Remains of these include the Hardanger Plateau —1,100 m (3,600 ft) above sea level—Europe's largest mountain plateau, covering about 6,500 km (2,500 sq mi). Glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords. Frozen ground all-year can also be found in

2816-702: The internet we are linked to the national digital records of emigrants from Norway to the United States that have been developed by the University of Bergen and the Bergen Public Archives. The center's Emigrant Church was originally the Brampton Lutheran Church in Sargent County, North Dakota , built by Norwegian emigrants at the turn of the 19th century. The Brampton congregation was formed 1 July 1908. and 22 June 1996,

2880-624: The magnificent U-shaped drowned fjords that now grace the western coast of Norway. Enormous masses of soil , gravel , and stone were also carried by glacial action as far south as present-day Denmark and northern Germany . The bedrock , exposed in about 40 percent of the area, was scoured and polished by the movements of these materials. From the southernmost point a swelling complex of ranges, collectively called Langfjellene , runs northward to divide eastern Norway , or Østlandet, from western Norway. The narrow coastal zone of Vestlandet has many islands, and steep-walled, narrow fjords cut deep into

2944-676: The mountain areas of Western Norway into highly favourable skiing conditions. During springtime the most amazing colours burst forth to honour the warmth of the rising sun. Orchards of flowering fruit trees can be seen along the Hardangerfjord in May. Western Norway is rich in natural resources. Today Stavanger the oil capital of Norway. Before petroleum, fishing and agriculture were the most important economic activities in Western Norway. Some areas of Western Norway such as Jæren , Karmøy , Vindafjord , Voss , Sunnfjord and Fræna comprise

3008-499: The mountaineering of the late 19th century in Norway is traditionally linked to the historical hotel Turtagrø. There are many fjords in Western Norway, Hardangerfjorden , Boknafjorden and Sognefjorden are the longest. The Sognefjord ( Sognefjorden ) is the largest fjord in Norway, and the second longest in the world, after Scoresby Sund on Greenland . Located in Sogn og Fjordane it stretches 205 km (127 mi) inland to

3072-426: The municipality of Årstad was annexed into Bergen. In 1972, the neighbouring municipalities of Arna , Fana , Laksevåg and Åsane were annexed into the city of Bergen. Also at that same time, the city of Bergen lost its county status, and became a part of Hordaland county once again. On 1 January 2020, Hordaland and Sogn og Fjordane counties were merged back together once again, forming Vestland county. Vestland

3136-638: The new country. The region includes most of the scope of the old Gulating , which was founded around the year 900. The Gulating Act divided the country into the Western counties, which consisted of the former småkongedømmene that existed in the area before the unification of the 800's and then was converted to jarle judge. These were Sunnmørafylke ( Sunnmøre ), Firda County ( Fjordane ), Sygna County ( Sogn ), Hordafylke ( Hordaland ), Rygjafylke ( Rogaland ) and Egdafylke ( Agder ). Harald Hairfair united Norway and parts of Sweden west of Lake Vänern and Götaälv in

3200-470: The northwest area of England, principally in the area of modern-day Cumbria . The Norwegian Vikings also discovered Vinland , present-day America, long before Christopher Columbus . Christianity became the dominant religion in Norway in the 11th century, but the religion was probably known among Norwegians already in the 7th century. While Eastern Norway was introduced to Christianity by missionaries and monks from Germany and Friesland , Western Norway

3264-493: The present day Møre og Romsdal county). The new Bergenhus len was administered from the Bergenhus Fortress in the city of Bergen . In 1662, the lens were replaced by amts . On 19 February 1662, a royal decree changed the name to Bergenhus amt . The new Bergenhus amt originally consisted of the present-day areas of Vestland and the Sunnmøre region of Møre og Romsdal , plus the far northern Nordlandene amt

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3328-676: The settlement period in Iceland is the Book of Settlements (Landnámabók), written in the 12th century, which gives a detailed account of the first settlers. According to this book, Western Norwegian sailors accidentally discovered the country. A few voyages of exploration were made soon after that and then the settlement started. Ingólfur Arnarson was said to be the first settler. He was a chieftain from Norway, arriving in Iceland with his family and dependents in 874. He built his farm in Reykjavík ,

3392-598: The site of the present capital. During the next 60 years or so, Viking settlers from Scandinavia and also from Norse colonies in the British Isles —Ireland, Scotland and the Scottish Isles —settled in the country. There was therefore a Celtic element among the first inhabitants. The settlement of Iceland may also be viewed in the context of the general Viking expansion of the period, plausibly linked to population pressure in Western Norway and increasing scarcity of farming land. It has thus left few traces in

3456-524: The small village of Skjolden . Providing the most spectacular fjord and mountain scenery in Norway, the region has been a tourist mecca for centuries. Except for the Jæren plain located at the extreme southern end of the region, Vestlandet is mountainous, with the Jotunheim Mountains and the Hardanger Plateau being the highest areas. The Jostedals Glacier , the largest glacier in Europe,

3520-487: The species which can withstand short periods of frost and snow in winter. These are found both a little further north, and in the fjords. Typical examples are the foxglove (digitalis purpurea) and the holly (ilex aquifolium), which in Norway grow only in the southwest. Western Norway is one of the wettest regions in Europe, with precipitation in the mountains near the coast of about 3,500 mm per year on average, and exceeding 5,000 mm in peak years. In Bergen city

3584-399: The time interval 11,000–10,000 B.P. ( Younger Dryas ). The erosion rate of the cirque glacier was 0.9 mm/year. Western Norway has similar flora and fauna as the rest of Norway, but there are some major differences. While almost all red deer in Norway are found here, there are few moose . Reindeer are a common sight on the Hardangervidda and in other large mountain areas. The whole of

3648-476: The tree line rises about 100 metres up the mountainside for each degree M so the consequences were dramatic. Most of the mountains of Western Norway which today occupy about three quarters of the land mass M became covered with dense forests of pine and birch. The glaciers had thawed and vanished, and extensive oak forests, not unlike those we see today in Central Europe, spread over the low-lying land. Life

3712-434: The two counties of Hordaland and Sogn og Fjordane up to 1924. This has been possible thanks to the work of many years by Jahn Sjursen, who has also collected books and other publications, pictures and objects related to Norwegian emigrants in the United States. He officially donated his collections to the Emigration Center at the opening in 1997. The Center continues to receive publications and objects for its collection. Via

3776-541: The west coast, particularly in Rogaland . Excavations and rock art tells us that it was in Rogaland that the first humans settled in Norway, when the ice retreated after the last ice age ca. 10,000 years ago. There are many artifacts from the Stone Age in Rogaland . The preliminary oldest traces of humans are found in a settlement on Galta , Rennesøy , near the ferry terminal Mortavika and Vista on Randaberg . In

3840-530: Was hard for the animals and plants in the high mountains, as they were pressed up towards the highest peaks, which rose like islands from a sea of forest. Along the west coast the winter is mild and snowfalls rare. Here are a number of the plants which cannot tolerate frost, for example the star hyacinth (scilla verna) and the purple heather (erica purpurea), which are otherwise only found in England, Ireland and further south. A little further inland we come upon

3904-460: Was made at the Ekofisk field in the North Sea late in 1969, just as foreign oil companies were about to give up after four years of exploratory drilling. Intensified exploration increased reserves faster than production. Nevertheless, by the mid-1990s about half of export earnings and nearly one-tenth of government revenues came from offshore oil and gas, and these revenues continued to increase as

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3968-709: Was made up of many petty kingdoms under the Gulating during the Middle Ages . The northern part was the known as Firdafylke (now the Fjordane region; Nordfjord-Sunnfjord), the central are was known as Sygnafylke (now the Sogn region), and the southern part was known as Hordafylke . In the early 16th century, Norway was divided into four len . The Bergenhus len was headquartered in Bergen and encompassed much of western and northern Norway including Firdafylke , Sygnafylke , Hordafylke , and Sunnmørafylke (in

4032-428: Was mainly introduced to the religion by English, Scottish, Irish people and Vikings who had converted to Christianity. Norse paganism existed in some areas in Western Norway until being totally replaced by Christianity by the 13th century. The coastal areas were the first to be introduced to the new faith, and then the inland areas. Churches were established throughout the country. The main source of information about

4096-421: Was subordinate to Bergenhus amt. The Sunnmøre region was transferred to Romsdalen amt in 1689 and the Nordlandene amt was separated around that time as well. In 1763, the amt was divided into northern and southern parts: Nordre Bergenhus amt and Søndre Bergenhus amt . When the amt was split, the present day municipality of Gulen was split with the southern part ending up in Søndre Bergenhus amt. In 1773,

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