74-435: Värmland ( Swedish pronunciation: [ˈvæ̌rmland] ) is a landskap (historical province) in west-central Sweden . It borders Västergötland , Dalsland , Dalarna , Västmanland , and Närke , and is bounded by Norway in the west. Several Latinized versions of the name exist, including Varmelandia , Vermelandia , Wermelandia , Værmalandia , Værmolandia , Virmolandia and Vermillandia . Some of
148-492: A Västanstång dragon and one with a Östanstång lion. The current arms for Östergötland (see below) were created in 1884. The current arms for Småland were created for the coronation of John III in 1569. The wild man representing Lappland was created for the funeral of Charles IX in 1612. Arms for Jämtland were created when Norway ceded the province to Sweden in 1635. Arms for Härjedalen were created later. The arms for Blekinge, Bohuslän, Halland and Skåne were created for
222-435: A film starring Greta Garbo . It was also made into an opera, I cavalieri di Ekebù , by Italian composer Riccardo Zandonai in 1925. Education, theatre and a somewhat glamorous lifestyle were buoyed by the landed gentry and the wealth being generated through a lively local iron trade, and also by the position of the landscape on the edge between civilization and wilderness, which inspired art, literature and folklore. During
296-563: A German attack. An agreement from the dissolution of the union with Norway in 1905 stated that no fortification was allowed on the border between the two nations, but after the German occupation of Norway, old fortifications were renovated and many new constructed. Notably is the fortification Skansen Hultet (Skans 153 Hultet) in Eda Municipality , constructed 1940-1941 (although improvements continued until 1945), and equipped with
370-709: A large Scandinavian tribe named the Suiones was known to the Romans. Tacitus wrote in AD 98 in Germania 44, 45 that the Suiones were a powerful tribe ( distinguished not merely for their arms and men, but for their powerful fleets ) with ships that had a prow in both ends). He further mentions that the Suiones were much impressed by wealth, and the king's thus was absolute. Further, the Suiones did not normally bear arms, and that
444-629: A lesser extent, Malmö – identify primarily with their city, rather than their province. English and other languages occasionally use Latin names for the Swedish provinces. The name Scania for Skåne predominates in English. Some English exonyms , such as the Dales for Dalarna, East Gothland for Östergötland, Swedish Lapland for Lappland and West Bothnia for Västerbotten are common in English literature. Swedes writing in English have long used
518-673: A network of machine gun emplacements, casemates and other concrete bunkers , surrounded by barbed wire , walls and several lines of tank traps . The fortifications have been renovated by locals and are now open to the public. Formerly classified Swedish military documents shows that the Swedish Armed Forces spent approximately SEK 30 million on fortifications in Värmland during the 1940s. There are around 12,000 military objects, including 123 fortified sites, in Värmland dating from World War II. The film Gränsen (Eng. Beyond
592-447: A newspaper. Sweden's provinces were sub-divided into hundreds or districts. Värmland was historically divided into chartered cities and districts. One district formed part of Bergslagen and was a mountain district, and all the other districts were hundreds . The largest lake is Vänern . Most streams of importance lead to Vänern. However, the province is rich in small lakes, ponds and streams. The scenery, with mountains and lakes,
666-604: A priest during the sacrifices ( blóts ). Uppsala was also the centre of the Uppsala öd , the network of royal estates that financed the Swedish king and his court until the 13th century. Some dispute whether the original domains of the Suiones really were in Uppsala , the heartland of Uppland , or if the term was used commonly for all tribes within Svealand, in the same way as old Norway's different provinces were collectively referred to as Nortmanni . The history of this tribe
740-653: A prominent man of the opposition, major general Georg Adlersparre . He was backed up by the radical guards captain Carl Henrik Anckarsvärd and used the part of the western army that was stationed in Värmland to occupy Karlstad on the night of 7 March 1809. From there he officially proclaimed a revolution, a proclamation which held the view that wars and oppression had ruined the country and the government therefore had to be overthrown. On 9 March, Adlersparre and his enthusiastic soldiers (many of Finnish origin) finally began their march towards Stockholm , and in
814-509: Is Härjedalen , though the borders are not quite the same. Administrative borders are subject to change – for example, several of today’s counties were created in the 1990s – while the provincial borders have remained stable for centuries. All the provinces are also ceremonial duchies , but as such have no administrative or political functions. Nevertheless, the provinces of Sweden are no archaic concept; they are still referenced in everyday speech and seen as culturally distinct. The main exception
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#1732772008364888-429: Is Lapland , where people see themselves as citizens of Västerbotten or Norrbotten , based on the counties . Sweden’s two largest cities, Stockholm and Gothenburg , both have provincial borders running through them: Stockholm is split between Uppland and Södermanland , and Gothenburg is split between Västergötland and Bohuslän . According to a 2011 survey, people in major cities – Stockholm, Gothenburg and, to
962-882: Is a Latin rendering of Proto-Germanic * Swihoniz , derived from the PIE root * swih- "one's own". The form * Swihoniz would in Ulfilas ' Gothic become * Swaíhans , which later would result in the form Suehans that Jordanes mentioned as the name of the Swedes in Getica . Consequently, the Proto-Norse form would have been * Swehaniz which following the sound-changes in Old Norse resulted in Old West Norse Svíar and Old East Norse Swear . Currently, however,
1036-600: Is a popular sport in Värmland. The two most prominent teams in recent years are Färjestads BK from Karlstad and BIK Karlskoga from Karlskoga. Färjestad BK is the most successful team in the Swedish Hockey League (SHL). The team has won 10 Swedish championships since the introduction of the SHL in 1975. BIK Karlskoga plays in the second tier HockeyAllsvenskan . Other notable teams are Forshaga IF from Forshaga and Grums IK from Grums . The two teams played in
1110-589: Is counted as part of the Bergslagen , the Central Swedish Mining District . Its terrain is rather hilly, with a few high hills: Hvitklinten 414 m (1,358 ft), Dalkarlsberget 450 m (1,480 ft) and Vålbergsrös 476 m (1,562 ft). This part of Värmland is rich in minerals, most notably iron ore which exists in large quantities. Some notable sites in this area are around Långban and Nordmark Hundred . In
1184-564: Is currently coastal eastern Sweden around the 8th century and that their name has the same origin as Roslagen in Sweden (with the older name being Roden ). According to the prevalent theory, the name Rus ' , like the Proto-Finnic name for Sweden ( *roocci ), is derived from an Old Norse term for "the men who row" ( rods- ) as rowing was the main method of navigating the rivers of Eastern Europe, and that it could be linked to
1258-630: Is shrouded in the mists of time. Besides Norse mythology and Germanic legend, only a few sources describe them and there is very little information. There are two sources from the 1st century A.D that are quoted as referring to the Suiones. The first one is Pliny the Elder who said that the Romans had rounded the Cimbric peninsula ( Jutland ) where there was the Codanian Gulf ( Kattegat ?). In this gulf there were several large islands among which
1332-1001: Is the site of the Höljesbanan rallycross circuit in Höljes . Höljesbanan annyally hosts the Swedish round of the European and World Rallycross championships. The province also hosted the Rally Sweden rally competition for many years. However, the event was relocated north to Umea in 2022. 59°45′N 13°15′E / 59.750°N 13.250°E / 59.750; 13.250 Provinces of Sweden The 25 provinces of Sweden ( Swedish : Sveriges landskap ) are historical , geographical and cultural regions. They have no administrative function (except in some sports contexts), but retain their own cultural identities, dialects and folklore. Several were administrative subdivisions until 1634, when they were replaced by
1406-491: Is usually regarded as picturesque and has inspired painters and writers. There are several mountain plateaus in the western part of Värmland, which is in the Scandinavian Mountains . The highest elevations are found in the northern parts, with plateaus of 500–700 metres (1,600–2,300 ft). The highest peak is also located here, Granberget at Höljes, 701 metres (2,300 ft). The eastern part of Värmland
1480-712: The Battle of Lier south of Kongsvinger on 2 August 1814 and then retreated to the border, where the battalion participated in the battle of Midskog on 5 August 1814 and suffered heavy losses. During World War II , western Värmland was again an area of heavy military deployment. A major part of the Swedish Armed Forces was concentrated to Värmland following the German invasion of Norway . Approximately 150,000 military personnel were mobilised to Värmland in June 1941, by
1554-452: The Dani who were of the same stock. There are three Anglo-Saxon sources that refer to the Swedes. The earliest one is probably the least known, since the mention is found in a long list of names of tribes and clans. It is the poem Widsith from the 6th or the 7th century: On line 32, Ongentheow is mentioned and he reappears in the later epic poem Beowulf , which was composed sometime in
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#17327720083641628-634: The Geats in Götaland , a process that was not complete until the 13th century, is by some contemporary historians regarded as the birth of the Swedish kingdom , although the Swedish kingdom is named after them, Sverige in Swedish , from Svea rike – i.e. the kingdom of the Suiones. The Æsir -cult centre in Gamla Uppsala , was the religious centre of the Swedes and where the Swedish king served as
1702-565: The Latin suus . The word must have meant "one's own (tribesmen)". In modern Scandinavian, the same root appears in words such as svåger (brother-in-law) and svägerska (sister-in-law). The same root and original meaning is found in the ethnonym of the Germanic tribe Suebi , preserved to this day in the name Schwaben ( Swabia ). The details of the phonetic development vary between different proposals. Noréen (1920) proposed that Suiones
1776-503: The Sviar , Geats and Skridfinnar (commonly taken to be Sami people ). The early history strongly influenced was not only by the proximity to Västergötland, but also by its western neighbour Norway . Sweden's war with Norway had a strong effect on Värmland too. In 1225, Haakon IV of Norway ( Haakon the Old ) invaded Sweden and burnt down all villages if they did not pay a ransom. This feud
1850-420: The counties of Sweden ( län ). Some were conquered later on from Denmark–Norway . Others, like the provinces of Finland , have been lost. In some cases, the county and province borders correspond almost exactly, as with Blekinge and Blekinge County . The island of Gotland is both a province , a county and a municipality ( kommun ). The only other province to share a name with a modern municipality
1924-687: The 6th century Jordanes named two tribes he calls the Suehans and the Suetidi who lived in Scandza . They were famous for their fine horses. The Suehans were the suppliers of black fox skins for the Roman market. Then Jordanes names a tribe named Suetidi a name that is considered to refer to the Suiones as well and to be the Latin form of Sweþiuð . The Suetidi are said to be the tallest of men together with
1998-521: The 8th–11th centuries. The poem describes Swedish-Geatish wars , involving the Swedish kings Ongentheow , Ohthere , Onela and Eadgils who belonged to a royal dynasty called the Scylfings . These kings might have been historical as kings with similar names appear in Scandinavian sources as well (see list of legendary kings of Sweden ). There appears to be a prophecy by Wiglaf in the end of
2072-468: The Border ) from 2011, telling the story about the life of the young soldiers guarding the border between Sweden and German-occupied Norway in 1942, takes place in northern Värmland and was filmed near Torsby . Since 1772, Sweden's Princes have been created Dukes of various provinces in Sweden. This is solely a nominal title. The province has powerful literary and musical traditions and has spawned some of
2146-552: The Byzantine Varangian Guard in such numbers that a medieval Swedish law, Västgötalagen , from Västergötland declared no one could inherit while staying in "Greece"—the then Scandinavian term for the Byzantine Empire —to stop the emigration, especially as two other European courts simultaneously also recruited Scandinavians: Kievan Rus' c. 980–1060 and London 1018–1066 (the Þingalið ). As
2220-528: The Iron Age was the Geats ; the main tribe of Svealand, according to Tacitus ca 100 AD, was the Suiones (or the ”historical Swedes”). ”Norrland” was all the unexplored northern parts, the boundaries and Swedish control over which were weakly defined into the early modern age. Due to the Northern Crusades against Finns , Tavastians and Karelians and colonisation of some coastal areas of
2294-680: The Islet Danmark. The earliest instance, however, appears to be Suetidi in Jordanes ' Getica (6th century). The name Swethiuth and its different forms gave rise to the different Latin names for Sweden, Suethia , Suetia and Suecia as well as the modern English name for the country. A second compound was Svíariki , or Sweorice in Old English, which meant "the realm of the Suiones". Their primary dwellings were in eastern Svealand . Their territories also very early included
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2368-596: The King’s long list of titles. Gustav Vasa’s title only had three entries – "King of Sweden , the Goths and the Wends " – so banners were created for each Swedish province for a better display. Some of these arms were short-lived, such as the beaver for Medelpad (changed in the 1570s), the wolverine for Värmland (changed in 1567) and the roses on Småland ’s arms. Östergötland was represented by two different arms, one with
2442-511: The Latinised forms show the origin of the name to come from the large local lake by the name of Värmeln [ sv ; ceb ; no ] (from older *Virmil ); others from the river name *Værma , the main outlet of that lake. The province was originally part of Götaland , and became part of Svealand in 1815. Wermland is an obsolete Swedish spelling of the name, which may still be seen in proper names such as Nya Wermlands-Tidningen ,
2516-530: The Pious , Emperor of Francia , somewhere near Mainz . They informed the emperor that their leader was known as chacanus (the Latin for " khagan ") and that they lived in the north of Russia, but that they were Sueones . Dealing with Scandinavian affairs, Adam of Bremen relates in the 11th century Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum that the Sueones had many wives and were severe on crime. Hospitality
2590-603: The Roman author Tacitus 's Germania . A closely similar form, Swēon , is found in Old English and in the Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum of Adam of Bremen about the Hamburg-Bremen archbishops who are denoted Sueones . Most scholars agree that Suiones and the attested Germanic forms of the name derive from the same Proto-Indo-European reflexive pronominal root, *s(w)e , as
2664-618: The Swedes around 1000 A.D. According to early sources such as the sagas , especially Heimskringla , the Swedes were a powerful tribe whose kings claimed descendence from the god Freyr . During the Viking Age they constituted the basis of the Varangian subset, the Norsemen that travelled eastwards (see Rus' people ). The scholarly consensus is that the Rus' people originated in what
2738-535: The Swedish Realm. There are, however, interesting histories told by Snorri Sturlasson about Värmland in the 13th century. It extends back to Ingjald Illråde a legendary king in the 7th century. These stories say that Olof Trätälja , the son of Ingjald, was not accepted as king and had to flee and settled in the then sparsely populated Värmland. More men had to flee the brutal successor of Ingjald and settled in Värmland. Archaeology shows that at this time there
2812-637: The Swedish coastal area of Roslagen ( Rus-law ) or Roden , as it was known in earlier times. The name Rus ' would then have the same origin as the Finnish and Estonian names for Sweden: Ruotsi and Rootsi . Swedes made up the bulk of the Varangian Guard , this can be seen from the geographical location of the Varangian Runestones , of which almost all are found entirely in modern-day Sweden. Swedish men left to enlist in
2886-508: The Swedish monarch, in some cases for centuries. ( Norway , in personal union with Sweden from 1814 to 1905, never became an integral part of Sweden.) When Sweden ceded Finland to the Russian Empire in 1809, Västerbotten was divided up so that Norrbotten first emerged as a county. Eventually, it came to be recognized as its own province. It was granted a coat of arms as late as in 1995. Some scholars suggest that Sweden revived
2960-454: The Swedish names only. The origins of the provincial divisions lay in the petty kingdoms that gradually became more and more subjected to the central monarchy during the consolidation of Sweden . Until the country law of Magnus Eriksson in 1350, each of these lands still had its own laws and its own assembly (the thing ), and in effect governed itself. The first provinces were considered duchies , but newly conquered provinces received
3034-459: The beginning of substantial immigration from Finland . The areas where they centred were known as Finnskog . They kept their Finnish customs and language until the late 19th century. The last native resident to speak Finnish here died in the 1980s. The most significant coup d'état of modern Swedish history had its beginning in Karlstad . The man behind the uprising was a liberal nobleman and
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3108-565: The citizens of Sweden. The distinction between the tribal Swedes ( svear ) and modern Swedes ( svenskar ) appears to have been in effect by the early 20th century, when Nordisk familjebok noted that svenskar had almost replaced svear as a name for the Swedish people. Although this distinction is convention in modern Norwegian, Danish and Swedish, Icelandic and Faroese do not distinguish between svíar (Icelandic) or sviar (Faroese) and sænskir (Icelandic) or svenskarar (Faroese) as words for modern Swedes. The form Suiones appears in
3182-430: The concept of provinces in the 19th century. Historically, Sweden was seen as containing four ”lands” (larger regions): In the Viking Age and earlier, Götaland and Svealand were home to a number of petty kingdoms that were more or less independent; Götaland in the Iron Age and Middle Ages did not include Scania and other provinces in the far south, which were then part of Denmark . The leading tribe of Götaland in
3256-415: The concept of the provinces. At the funeral of King Gustav Vasa (Gustav I) in 1560, arms for 23 of the provinces were displayed together for the first time, most of them created for that occasion. Erik XIV of Sweden modelled the funeral processions on those of German dukes , who in turn may have styled their displays after Emperor Charles V 's funeral, where a host of banners represented each entry in
3330-692: The country, Finland fell under the Catholic Church and Swedish rule. Österland ("Eastern land"; the name had early gone out of use) in southern and central Finland formed an integral part of Sweden. Russia annexed Finland in 1809, and reunited it with some frontier counties annexed earlier to form the Grand Duchy of Finland . In 1917, Finland became an independent country . The regional borders have changed several times throughout history with changing national borders. Norrland, Svealand and Götaland are only parts of Sweden, and have never superseded
3404-586: The dominions of the Swedish kings grew, the name of the tribe could be applied more generally during the Middle Ages to include also the Geats . Later it again meant only the people inhabiting the original tribal lands in Svealand , rather than the Geats. In modern North Germanic languages , the adjectival form svensk and its plural svenskar have replaced the name svear and is, today, used to denote all
3478-563: The epic of new wars with the Swedes: When more reliable historic sources appear the Geats are a subgroup of the Swedes. The third Anglo-Saxon source is Alfred the Great 's translation of Orosius ' Histories , with appended tales of the voyages of Ohthere of Hålogaland and Wulfstan of Hedeby , who in the 9th century described the Sweon and Sweoland . Ohthere's account is limited to
3552-570: The events that followed, the king Gustav IV Adolf abdicated under pressure. Under the Continental system (1806–1814), the timber industry flourished in Värmland and continuing into the modern era, forestry became industrialized and is still the economic backbone of the province. Bordering on Norway, Värmland was affected by Sweden's last war, Crown Prince Jean Baptiste Bernadottes military campaign against Norway in 1814. The province saw large troop movement and many soldiers originating from
3626-607: The following statement about Swēoland: Wulfstan only mentions a few regions as being subject to the Sweons (in translation): The Annales Bertiniani relate that a group of Norsemen , who called themselves Rhos visited Constantinople around the year 838. Fearful of returning home via the steppes, which would leave them vulnerable to attacks by the Hungarians , the Rhos travelled through Germany. They were questioned by Louis
3700-823: The form Sviones as being originally an adjective, Proto-Germanic * Sweoniz , meaning "kindred". Then the Gothic form would have been * Swians and the H in Suehans an epenthesis . The Proto-Norse form would then also have been * Sweoniz , which also would have resulted in the historically attested forms. The name became part of a compound, which in Old West Norse was Svíþjóð ("the Svear people'", in Old East Norse Sweþiuð and in Old English Sweoðeod . This compound appears on runestones in
3774-496: The funeral of Charles X Gustav in 1660. The Arms for Norrbotten were created as late as 1995. Götaland ( Gothia , Gothenland ) comrpises ten provinces in the southern part of Sweden. Until 1645, Gotland and Halland were parts of Denmark. Also, until 1658 Blekinge and Scania were parts of Denmark, and Bohuslän was part of Norway . Värmland was counted as part of Götaland until 1812. Svealand ( Swealand ) comprises six provinces in central Sweden. Until 1812, Värmland
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#17327720083643848-503: The heritage of their province, and they both drew on what they felt to be an oral tradition of story-telling and local legends. This emphasis on richly textured, often romantic or burlesque tales which nonetheless transcend the local has remained a focus of later writers, such as Göran Tunström (1937–2000) and Lars Andersson (b. 1954). The musical traditions have inspired a number of prominent musicians, such as singers Zarah Leander , Monica Zetterlund and Rigmor Gustafsson . Ice hockey
3922-412: The locatives i suiþiuþu ( Runestones Sö Fv1948;289 , Aspa Löt, and Sö 140 in Södermanland ), a suiþiuþu ( Runestone DR 344 , Simris, Scania ) and o suoþiauþu ( Runestone DR 216 , Tirsted, Lolland ). A 13th century Danish source in Scriptores rerum danicarum mentions a place called litlæ swethiuthæ , which is probably the islet Sverige (Sweden) in Saltsjön in eastern Stockholm. 500 m west of
3996-478: The most famous was Scatinavia ( Scandinavia ). He said that the size of the island was unknown but in a part of it dwelt a tribe named the Hillevionum gente ( Nominative : Hillevionum gens ), in 500 villages, and they considered their country to be a world of its own. What strikes the commentators of this text is that this large tribe is unknown to posterity, unless it was a simple misspelling or misreading of Illa S vionum gente . This would make sense, since
4070-427: The most reasonable one, whereupon they usually obey. During peacetime, they feel to be the king's equals but during wars they obey him blindly or whoever among them that he considers to be the most skillful. If the fortunes of war are against them they pray to one of their many gods ( Æsir ) and if they win they are grateful to him. The sagas are our foremost source for knowledge, and especially Snorri Sturluson , who
4144-402: The most well-known and loved authors of Sweden. In the 19th century several leading authors had their origin here, and retained links to Värmland, among them Erik Gustaf Geijer , Esaias Tegnér , Gustaf Fröding and Nobel Prize winner Selma Lagerlöf . Lagerlöf's novel, Gösta Berlings Saga , is a neo-romantic saga that takes place in Värmland in the 1820s and 1830s. It was also made into
4218-411: The progenitor groups of modern Swedes , along with Geats and Gutes . They had their tribal centre in Gamla Uppsala . The first author who wrote about the tribe is Tacitus , who in his Germania from AD 98 mentions the Suiones . They are possibly first mentioned locally by the Kylver Stone in the 4th century. Jordanes , in the 6th century, mentions Suehans and Suetidi . Beowulf mentions
4292-466: The province were involved in battles. The Värmland Regiment had three battalions attached to the 9th Brigade under Colonel Klingspor and one battalion attached to the 10th Brigade under Colonel Gahn af Colqhoun . Both brigades were part of the 5th Army Division under Major General Rosenblad. The 9th Brigade crossed the border to Norway on 30 July 1814 and participated in the siege of Fredrikstad Fortress , which capitulated on 4 August, while other parts of
4366-543: The provinces of Västmanland , Södermanland and Närke in the Mälaren Valley which constituted a bay with a multitude of islands. The region is still one of the most fertile and densely populated regions of Scandinavia. Their territories were called Svealand – "Swede-land" ("The Voyage of Ohthere " in Seven Books of History Against the Pagans : Swéoland ), Suithiod – "Swede-people" ( Beowulf : Sweoðeod [hence Sweden]), Svía veldi or Svea rike – "Swede-realm" (Beowulf: Swéorice ). The political unification with
4440-436: The regiment a few days later followed later Lieutenant General Vegesacks department north and participated in battles at Rakkestad and Langenäs on 6 August 1814 and Askim on 9 August 1814. A battalion of the regiment, commanded by Major Lagerlöv, managed to fight back a Norwegian attack from the bridgehead at Langenäs. The 10th Brigade crossed the border on 1 August 1814 and went in the direction of Morast. It participated in
4514-399: The root for "one's own" is reconstructed as *s(w)e rather than * swih , and that is the root identified for Suiones e.g. in Pokorny's 1959 Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch and in the 2002 The Nordic languages: an international handbook of the history of the North Germanic languages edited by Oskar Bandle. * Swe is also the form cited by V. Friesen (1915), who regards
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#17327720083644588-404: The same time, and developed its own provincial identity during the 19th century. Swedes (Germanic tribe) The Swedes ( Swedish : svear ; Old Norse : svíar ; probably from the PIE reflexive pronominal root * s(w)e , "one's own [tribesmen/kinsmen]"; Old English : Swēon ) were a North Germanic tribe who inhabited Svealand ("land of the Swedes") in central Sweden and one of
4662-445: The second half of the 19th century, the iron processing industry was largely put out of business by the revolution in the steel industry which made Central Europe and the United States vastly superior in this field, and the overall economic crisis throughout Europe of the 1870s and 1880s, and the subsequent emigration to North America, shook the landscape. The consequence, however, was to make authors like Lagerlöf and Fröding more aware of
4736-413: The southeast, the ridge of Kilsbergen marks the border with Närke . The population of Värmland is 322,612 as of 31 December 2022. It is distributed over three counties as follows: The province was sparsely populated in the pre-historic age compared to Sweden's southern half. Its 5,500 registered ancient remains are few, compared to other areas. The province was considered to be of minor importance in
4810-528: The status of duchy or county , depending on importance. After the separation from the Kalmar Union in 1523, the Kingdom incorporated only some of its new conquests as provinces. The most permanent acquisitions stemmed from the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, in which the former Danish Scanian lands ( Skåne , Blekinge , Halland and Gotland ), along with the Norwegian Bohuslän , Jämtland and Härjedalen , became Swedish and gradually integrated. Other foreign territories were ruled as Swedish Dominions under
4884-458: The team won Svenska Cupen and qualified for play in the 1993–94 European Cup Winners' Cup . Mallbackens IF Sunne has played 14 seasons in the women's top tier Damallsvenskan . Other notable teams are QBIK from Karlstad, IF Karlstad Fotboll from Karlstad, Nordvärmlands FF from Ambjörby and FBK Karlstad from Karlstad. There are several larger locations for winter sports in Värmland: There are several ski resorts in Värmland: Värmland
4958-433: The time of German demands to transport the fully armed Division Engelbrecht through the country and before the launch of Operation Barbarossa , and with several large military exercises being conducted in the province during the period. Even more military personnel, possibly as many as 250,000, were mobilised to Värmland in the fall of 1943, due to the pending Swedish announcement to end German military transits and fear of
5032-433: The top tier of Swedish ice hockey in the 1940s and 1950s. Football in the province is administered by Värmlands Fotbollförbund . The two most prominent teams in recent years are Degerfors IF from Degerfors and Mallbackens IF Sunne from Lysvik, north of Sunne . Degerfors IF was founded in 1907. Team made its first appearances in the top tier Allsvenskan in 1938. Degerfors IF achieved its greatest success in 1993 when
5106-467: The weapons were guarded by a slave. After Tacitus' mention of the Suiones, the sources are silent about them until the 6th century as Scandinavia still was in pre-historic times. Some historians have maintained that it is not possible to claim that a continuous Swedish ethnicity reaches back to the Suiones of Tacitus. According to this view the referent of an ethnonym and the ethnic discourse have varied considerably during different phases of history. In
5180-402: Was an important virtue and refusing a wanderer to stay over the night was considered shameful. The visitor was even taken to see the hosts' friends. Their royal family is of an old dynasty (see House of Munsö ), but the kings are dependent on the will of the people (the Thing ). What has been decided by the people is more important than the will of the king unless the king's opinion seems to be
5254-404: Was counted as part of Götaland instead. Norrland ( Northland ) today comprises nine provinces in Northern and central Sweden. Until 1645 the provinces of Jämtland and Härjedalen were parts of Norway. In 1809, when Sweden ceded Finland to the Russian Empire , the old province of Lapland was split into Swedish Lapland and Finnish Lapland . Norrbotten was separated from Västerbotten at
5328-425: Was eventually settled in 1249. Värmland was originally considered a part of Götaland , and had a strong connection to its southern neighbour Västergötland . Eastern Värmland traditionally belongs to the Bergslagen area, Sweden's central mining district. In 1582, Värmland was granted its first city privileges, Kristinehamn , but those were revoked. The second city, Karlstad , on the north shore of lake Vänern ,
5402-520: Was granted by Duke Charles , later king Charles IX of Sweden , in 1584. It became the capital of the province and its name is derived from the King, and literally means Charles' City . The third city was Filipstad in 1611; however, its privilege was revoked in 1694 after a devastating fire. King Charles IX took great personal interest in expanding mining in the province and the industry developed significantly during his reign. The early 17th century marked
5476-414: Was indeed a large increase in population, and memorials of powerful men were constructed. According to Snorri and other Icelandic sources, Värmland came under Norwegian control in the late 9th and through the 10th century. However, by the time of Adam of Bremen in the 11th century the region is described as Swedish. In Adam's account, the värmlänningar are described as a distinct "Swedish tribe" along with
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