96-495: X18 may refer to: X18 (New York City bus) Antasena-class combat boat Hiller X-18 , an American experimental aircraft Onomichi Station , in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title X18 . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
192-580: A Staten Island Railway freight line that is used by CSAO, industrial areas, CSAO's Bayway Industrial Track line, and finally Arthur Kill on the six-lane Goethals Bridge into Staten Island , a borough of New York City . This bridge is maintained by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ). Upon coming onto Staten Island, I-278 becomes the SIE. After the Goethals Bridge,
288-525: A concurrency with I-278, and the road heads into residential neighborhoods. The road carries four lanes eastbound and three lanes westbound as it comes to the exit serving Richmond Avenue . Immediately after, NY 440 splits from the SIE at a large interchange, heading north on the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Expressway. This interchange also provides access to Victory Boulevard . East of this point,
384-609: A "QMT" label to avoid confusion with existing routes. The "QMT" prefix was tentative; in the final plan, all bus routes would have been labeled with "QM", similar to the existing routes. The final redesign was initially expected in mid- or late 2020, but the first draft attracted overwhelmingly negative feedback, with 11,000 comments about the plans. The redesign was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City . Planning resumed in mid-2021. The original draft plan
480-470: A component of I-278. The conversion of Gowanus Expressway to a six-lane freeway configuration was completed in 1964 at a cost of $ 100 million (equivalent to $ 751 million in 2023 ). The NY 27A designation was removed from the Gowanus Expressway by 1970. By 2000, an HOV lane was added to the eastbound Gowanus Expressway to serve traffic heading toward Manhattan. Over the years,
576-429: A comprehensive study of express bus lines on Staten Island. These lines had not been drastically changed since the 1980s, and as a result, they had been updated piece-by-piece. As a result, these routes were circuitous, redundant, and infrequent. The MTA proposed replacing all of the existing express bus routes with simpler and shorter variants, a proposal supported by 76% of Staten Island residents who had learned about
672-547: A freeway connecting the Goethals and Verrazzano-Narrows bridges that was a part of a comprehensive system of freeways and parkways for the borough of Staten Island. In 1945, Robert Moses took over planning for the freeway and called it the Clove Lakes Expressway . The plan received approval in stages through the mid-1950s, and construction on the expressway began in 1959. By this time, the SIE had received
768-643: A move that city officials said could prolong the viaduct's life by 20 years. The city also planned to ticket overweight vehicles. There was still no long-term plan for the viaduct by mid-2022, but three preliminary plans for the highway's reconstruction were announced in December 2022. NYCDOT formally presented the three plans to the public in February 2023, and city officials began issuing summonses to overweight vehicles in August of that year. In February 2024,
864-488: A panel to formally evaluate each alternative and that the panel's evaluations would end by mid-2019. In February 2020, officials proposed a three-mile (4.8 km) tunnel from the Gowanus Expressway to Flushing Avenue. The proposal was expected to cost $ 11 billion, to be paid by tolls. In late 2021, the section between Atlantic Avenue and the Brooklyn Bridge was reduced from three to two lanes per direction,
960-592: A part of I-278. Additionally, the Bruckner Expressway portion of I-278 had been designated with different route numbers. At first, it was to be I-895 between I-87 and the Sheridan Expressway and I-678 past there. Later, I-278 was planned to follow the Bruckner Expressway and the Sheridan Expressway to I-95 (with no route number for the Bruckner Expressway past there) before the current numbering took place by 1970, with I-895 designated onto
1056-837: A small part of the Grand Central Parkway in Queens; and a part of the Bruckner Expressway in the Bronx. I-278 also crosses multiple bridges, including the Goethals , Verrazzano-Narrows , Kosciuszko , and Robert F. Kennedy bridges. I-278 was opened in pieces from the 1930s through the 1960s. Some of its completed segments predated the Interstate Highway System and are thus not up to standards , and portions of I-278 have been upgraded over
SECTION 10
#17328025822721152-540: A spur of the expressway, the Richmond Parkway , to follow the central ridge of the island, connecting with the Outerbridge Crossing in the southwestern part of the island. However, there was massive local opposition to this spur, and, unlike previous projects by Moses, the northern half of the spur was canceled when Mayor John Lindsay took office in 1966. The southern half of this proposed spur
1248-585: A temporary six-lane highway in the location of the promenade while they repaired the underlying structure. Under this option, lanes would be widened, and shoulders would have been added. In conjunction with the project, NYCDOT hoped to unify Van Voorhees Park, improve safety at the interchange with Atlantic Avenue, and possibly build a pedestrian bridge from Brooklyn Bridge Park to the promenade. The other, more expensive option, which would cost $ 3.4 billion to $ 4 billion (equivalent to $ 4.06 billion to $ 4.78 billion in 2023 ) and take over eight years,
1344-510: A truck-only highway between Hamilton Avenue in Carroll Gardens and the Brooklyn Bridge. Under the plan, only the bottom level would be rebuilt and then be decked over by a linear park and boulevard. The report expected passenger vehicles to be diverted into the underused Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel, whose tolls might be lowered when congestion pricing in New York City was implemented. In early April, de Blasio announced that he would create
1440-645: A westbound interchange at 86th Street. Turning more to the north, I-278 comes to an partial interchange at 65th Street, with an exit eastbound and entrance eastbound. The road curves northwest at this point and comes to a directional interchange providing access to 3rd Avenue and the Belt Parkway. The Gowanus Expressway turns northeast again at the interchange with Belt Parkway, and it continues along an elevated alignment above Third Avenue, running through urban residential and commercial areas. Along this viaduct, I-278 has interchanges with 38th Street/39th Street and
1536-466: Is maintained by the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA), has six lanes on the lower level and seven lanes on the upper level which includes one HOV lane. In addition to local traffic on Staten Island, the expressway provides the most direct route from Brooklyn and Long Island to New Jersey. It is widely known throughout the New York City area as one of the most congested roads in
1632-855: Is not in danger of collapse. In 2019, the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) took over maintenance of the Gowanus Expressway from the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). The BQE was initially planned in 1936 as the Brooklyn–Queens Connecting Highway, a link between the Gowanus Parkway and the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge . The brief portion of I-278 on the Grand Central Parkway, connecting
1728-804: The BM2S bus route, ran from Starrett City to Downtown Manhattan ran via Flatlands Avenue between East 80th Street and East 105th Street. The service still operates as part of regular BM2 service during rush hour. In addition, Command operated ferry shuttle buses around the Bay Ridge area from the Brooklyn Army Terminal after September 11, 2001, for the free ferry ride to/from the Wall Street pier . Both Pioneer Bus then Command Bus operated bus service to/from Roosevelt Raceway. The Avenue B and East Broadway Transit Company operated
1824-785: The Bronx River Parkway . Continuing east, the road has an exit serving White Plains Road and Castle Hill Avenue. I-278's eastern terminus is at the Bruckner Interchange further to the east. Here, the Bruckner Expressway becomes I-95 and continues towards the New England Thruway. At this interchange, I-278 also has access to the Clearview Expressway ( I-295 ), the Hutchinson River Expressway ( I-678 ), and
1920-530: The Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel . restricted to buses, carpools, and vehicles with three or more occupants. On weekdays, this HOV lane carries eastbound traffic in the morning and westbound traffic in the afternoon. The lane is closed at other times, including certain New York City government holidays. The Gowanus Expressway continues northeast into urban residential neighborhoods and reaches an eastbound interchange at Fort Hamilton Parkway and
2016-712: The Clearview Expressway , ending at the Bruckner Interchange in the Bronx. If these plans were fully completed, I-78 and I-278 would have met at three interchanges. Two segments of I-278 have had different route number designations formerly planned or designated for it. I-87 was once planned to follow the segment of I-278 between the Williamsburg Bridge and the Major Deegan Expressway , but this ultimately became
SECTION 20
#17328025822722112-736: The Gowanus Expressway or Prospect Expressway to the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel , with some routes continuing non-stop via the FDR Drive to reach Midtown. The exception to this is the BM5, which also makes stops in Queens and uses Woodhaven Boulevard, the Long Island Expressway and Queens Midtown Tunnel to reach Midtown. The MTA released a draft plan for Brooklyn's bus network redesign on December 1, 2022. The new plan retains
2208-805: The Hutchinson River Parkway itself. Legally, the New York section of I-278 is defined as part of Interstate Route Connector 512 and all of Interstate Route Connector 518 in New York Highway Law § 340-a. The New Jersey portion of freeway was planned in 1955 as the Union Freeway and designated as I-278 in 1958. It was to connect the Goethals Bridge west to I-78 at the tripoint of Springfield , Union Township , and Millburn . The western part of this planned freeway faced strong opposition. Even though it
2304-793: The New York City borough of the Bronx . The majority of I-278 is in New York City, where it serves as a partial beltway and passes through all five of the city's boroughs . I-278 follows several freeways, including the Union Freeway in Union County, New Jersey ; the Staten Island Expressway ( SIE ) across Staten Island ; the Gowanus Expressway in southern Brooklyn ; the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway ( BQE ) across Northern Brooklyn and Queens ;
2400-649: The New York City Department of Transportation , makes a sharp turn to the east away from the East River and comes to an interchange serving the Brooklyn Bridge and Cadman Plaza . The freeway continues on an elevated alignment and makes a turn southeast as it comes to ramps accessing the Manhattan Bridge . As of 2022, the city portion is planned to be rebuilt. North of the bridges, the highway becomes state-maintained again and reaches at an exit serving Tillary Street and Flushing Avenue . At this point,
2496-721: The QM2 , QM5 and QM20 Super Expresses operate nonstop outbound via the Ed Koch Queensboro Bridge , while Downtown routes operate via the FDR Drive and the Queens Midtown Tunnel. All inbound service operates via the Long Island Expressway and Queens Midtown Tunnel . In December 2019, the MTA released a draft redesign of the Queens bus network redesign with 77 routes. The routes were given
2592-425: The "BM" prefix and preserves all existing routes. The BM1, BM2, BM3, BM4, X27/X37, and X28/X38 will each be split into three routes: a rush-hour downtown route, a rush-hour midtown route, and an off-peak downtown and midtown route. In general, the revised plan includes the following changes: X- routes are operated by New York City Transit, while QM- routes are operated by MTA Bus Company. All Midtown routes except for
2688-689: The "X"-prefixed routes they replaced, but deviate from the "S" prefix used by local Staten Island bus routes. The routes that were discontinued prior to August 18, 2018 were: X6, X13, X16, X18, X20, X21 (first use), and X30 (first use). The remaining X routes were expected to be revamped and renamed sometime between 2019 and 2021. (Second use) (Second use) (Second use) (First use) (First use) (First use) (First use) Icahn Stadium 102nd Street and Jamaica Avenue Eight special routes, which were operated by Pioneer Bus then Command Bus Company . All service discontinued in 2001. Note: An additional route,
2784-676: The BQE and the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge, had opened in the 1930s. A part of the Brooklyn–Queens Connecting Highway, namely the Kosciuszko Bridge and the viaducts leading to the bridge, opened in 1939 between Meeker Avenue/Morgan Avenue and Queens Boulevard (NY 25). In 1940, Moses proposed an expressway between Queens and Brooklyn to relieve local streets of congestion from the Manhattan and Williamsburg bridges. The section between
2880-614: The BQE continues east through residential areas and turns northeast upon coming to the Wythe Avenue/Kent Avenue exit. The road passes through the Williamsburg neighborhood on a depressed alignment, reaching an interchange that serves the Williamsburg Bridge , with an exit at Metropolitan Avenue a short distance later. I-278 becomes elevated again as it passes through more neighborhoods and comes to
2976-551: The Bruckner Boulevard alignment in order to provide a connection between the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge and a freeway leading north into Westchester County . Moses took over planning for the road in 1951 and called for an elevated freeway between the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge and the Bronx River and a depressed freeway east of there. Construction on the elevated segment of the Bruckner Expressway began in 1957 and on
X18 - Misplaced Pages Continue
3072-486: The Federal Highway Administration rejected the city's request for $ 800 million to redesign and rebuild the cantilever. By the next month, no design had been finalized, and the start date for the triple cantilever's reconstruction had been postponed to 2028. The Bruckner Expressway was originally Bruckner Boulevard, designated as part of NY 1A . In the 1930s, a freeway was planned on
3168-555: The Goethals Bridge, opening to traffic in 1969 at a cost of $ 11.5 million (equivalent to $ 73.3 million in 2023 ). The Union Freeway Extension was revived in the late 1960s and was to start at US 1/9 but end at I-287 in Hanover Township , following Route 24 between I-78 and I-287. However, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) rejected the proposal in 1970, thus ending
3264-605: The Gowanus Expressway, from the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel to the Prospect Expressway ( NY 27 ), was opened in May 1950. The freeway was initially planned to be twelve lanes, with two three-lane roadways in each direction, but it was ultimately reduced to a six-lane highway to reduce disruption to the Bay Ridge neighborhood. The Gowanus Expressway was incorporated into the Interstate Highway System and became
3360-552: The I-278 designation. The construction of the SIE was particularly noted for the massive movement of earth required to build the section of the highway between Clove Road and Price Street (now Narrows Road North, a service road of the expressway) between Grymes Hill and Emerson Hill . The earth removed from the cut in the hill was placed in a remote section of central Staten Island adjacent to Sea View Hospital and has since been nicknamed "Moses Mountain". Originally, Moses intended for
3456-564: The I-278 project. The original four-lane Goethals Bridge, which predated the I-278 designation, was replaced with two new three-lane cable-stayed bridges , each carrying traffic in one direction. The new eastbound bridge opened to both directions of traffic in June 2017, and westbound traffic was shifted to the new westbound bridge in May 2018. The SIE was first planned in 1941 as the Cross-Richmond Express Highway,
3552-548: The Kosciuszko and Williamsburg bridges opened on May 25, 1950. A further extension between the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel and the Brooklyn Bridge, which included the Brooklyn Heights Promenade , was opened on June 23, 1954, connecting to the Gowanus Expressway. This was followed by a mile-long (1.6 km) section between the Williamsburg Bridge and Flushing Avenue on September 1, 1958. Two sections of
3648-597: The M7 express route between 5th Avenue & 110th Street and World Trade Center. It additionally operated four special routes to racetracks in the New York City metropolitan area. Service was discontinued on April 1, 1980. The M7 express route became a part of the X23 route upon being taken over by the New York City Transit Authority, then became the original X90. X90 service to 5th Avenue & 110th Street
3744-586: The Manhattan and Williamsburg bridges using the triple cantilever structure, which would be tolled. At the same time, the Brooklyn Heights Promenade was deteriorating significantly and was set to undergo renovations starting 2020. The structure is supported by steel rods inside rebar, which is corroding due to the seeping of road salt into widening cracks. If nothing was done on the roadway by 2026, weight restrictions would have to be implemented, with trucks diverted to local roads, and, by 2036,
3840-562: The Northeast Corridor. Along this section, there is a westbound exit and eastbound entrance for East 138th Street. Sheridan Boulevard ( NY 895 ) splits from the eastbound direction of I-278 as the Bruckner Expressway makes a turn to the east into residential and commercial neighborhoods on a surface alignment, crossing the Bronx River on a drawbridge . The road has an interchange at Hunts Point Avenue before coming to
3936-599: The Prospect Expressway ( NY 27 ). After the interchange with the Prospect Expressway (NY 27), the freeway widens to eight lanes and heads north, coming to an interchange with the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel approach (officially the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel, I-478), with the exit ramps splitting from the median of I-278. Westbound access to the tunnel is provided by the Hamilton Avenue exit. In this area,
X18 - Misplaced Pages Continue
4032-550: The Robert F. Kennedy Bridge carries the route over the Bronx Kill into the Bronx , where westbound tolls are collected electronically. In the Bronx, I-278 becomes the Bruckner Expressway and reaches an interchange with the Major Deegan Expressway ( I-87 ). At this point, the Bruckner Expressway heads northeast on a six-lane elevated alignment through industrial areas with some residences, paralleling
4128-448: The Sheridan Expressway (which was subsequently downgraded to a state highway in 2017). The New Jersey segment of I-278 begins in Linden , Union County , at the junction with US 1 and US 9 ( US 1/9 ), where it merges into the southbound direction of that road. The freeway heads east and carries two lanes in each direction, with the eastbound direction widening to three lanes. I-278 runs between urban residential areas to
4224-442: The Sheridan Expressway and I-678 from there to I-95. Later, I-278 was planned to follow the Bruckner Expressway from I-87 to the Sheridan Expressway, where it would continue on that freeway to I-95, while the Bruckner Expressway was not designated an Interstate north of there. By 1970, I-278 was routed onto its current alignment, with I-895 (now NY 895) created along the Sheridan Expressway. Multiple express buses operated by
4320-477: The bridge. Formerly, the frontage road of the Grand Central Parkway between the BQE and the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge served as a truck route, since large trucks are not permitted on the parkway. Exemptions are provided for smaller trucks that conform with strict regulations, but only on the section of the Grand Central Parkway that overlaps with I-278. In December 2017, the state concluded a $ 2.5-million (equivalent to $ 3.06 million in 2023 ) project that lowered
4416-548: The bus lanes were opened to high-occupancy vehicles during rush hours. In July 2008, officials announced a $ 50-million (equivalent to $ 69.5 million in 2023 ) project to improve the severe traffic conditions on a 1.8-mile (2.9 km) stretch of the expressway. Included in the project is the construction of six new on- and offramps, improvements to and relocations of existing on- and offramps, and other improvements to surrounding roads. This followed numerous minor alterations to alleviate traffic, such as time/distance displays and
4512-656: The bus so the drivers were able to make change. Their bus schedules were color-coded for each route, BM10 was black, BM11 was blue, BM12 was green and BM15 was red. The president was Patrick Condren. Southbound : 5th Avenue, Broadway, Brooklyn Battery Tunnel All routes going into Manhattan terminate at Midtown on East 59th Street and Madison Avenue. All routes traveled via into West Shore Expressway , Goethals Bridge into New Jersey's New Jersey Turnpike , Lincoln Tunnel ; in Manhattan: 34th Street, Madison Avenue (northbound) and 5th Avenue (Southbound). These routes were operated by Academy Bus until June 2001, when
4608-401: The city has grown around them and it's not an option to just say we can't deal with that traffic." City Council Speaker Corey Johnson called for the city to study alternatives, including the removal of the BQE in its entirety, in his State of the City address . On March 13, 2019, Stringer issued a plan calling for converting the triple cantilever structure and the open cut in Cobble Hill into
4704-465: The city would have to shut down this section of the BQE. In late 2018, NYSDOT proposed rebuilding the double-decker, 1.5-mile (2.4 km) section of I-278 running under the Brooklyn Heights Promenade, which had deteriorated severely over the years. Two options were proposed. The cheaper option, which would cost $ 3.3 billion to $ 3.6 billion (equivalent to $ 3.94 billion to $ 4.3 billion in 2023 ) and take six years, entailed building
4800-413: The city. After the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, I-278 continues into Brooklyn on the Gowanus Expressway. Immediately after the bridge, the freeway comes to an eastbound exit and westbound entrance for the Belt Parkway . After this, a full interchange serves 92nd Street at which point I-278 becomes a single-level six-lane freeway. Soon after, one of the eastbound lanes becomes an HOV lane, continuing east to
4896-442: The communities along the route. The segment that does exist in New Jersey was opened in 1969. There were also plans to extend I-78 east across Manhattan and into Brooklyn via the Williamsburg Bridge ; this would have been a second interchange between I-278 and its parent highway, but these plans were also thwarted. I-78 was also planned to extend east beyond I-278 to John F. Kennedy International Airport , and then curve northward on
SECTION 50
#17328025822724992-418: The depressed segment in 1959. The depressed portion was opened in 1961 while the elevated portion of the Bruckner Expressway was opened in 1962. In 1972, the large Bruckner Interchange was finished, completing the route. Over the years, the I-278 portion of the Bruckner Expressway has had different designations. When the Interstate Highway System was first created, the road was to be part of I-895 from I-87 to
5088-427: The designated bus lanes. Construction started in November 2010, with the project then expected to cost $ 75 million (equivalent to $ 102 million in 2023 ). A new exit 15, which served Lily Pond Avenue and Bay Street on the eastern end of Staten Island, opened to traffic on July 9, 2012, replacing a former exit further to the east. Signage was also changed to display Fingerboard Road and Lily Pond Avenue as
5184-471: The exit for Broadway and Roosevelt Avenue . I-278 heads back onto a viaduct and comes to a single-point urban interchange at Northern Boulevard ( NY 25A ). A short distance past Northern Boulevard (NY 25A), the freeway splits into east and west segments with four lanes each that respectively merge into the Grand Central Parkway east- and westbound. Astoria Boulevard is accessible from either leg. Both legs receive Interstate funding, though only
5280-552: The express routes in Brooklyn and Queens , which are prefixed with the letter X , as well as all express routes in Staten Island , which are prefixed with the letters SIM . The unidirectional fare, payable with MetroCard or OMNY , a contactless payment system, is $ 7. Discount fare media is available. Except for the ad hoc X80 service, coins are not accepted on express buses. Express buses operate using over-the-road diesel-powered, 45-ft-long coaches , from Motor Coach Industries and Prevost Car . For more information, visit
5376-440: The expressway gains a bus lane in each direction. The six-lane I-278 turns to the east past this point, with Gannon Avenue South and Gannon Avenue North serving as frontage roads , and reaches the Bradley Avenue exit. The next interchange the SIE is with Todt Hill Road and Slosson Avenue. This exchange was the original terminal of the bus lane in each direction that also serves as a high-occupancy vehicle lane (HOV lane) that
5472-469: The expressway opened on August 26, 1959: a segment between the Brooklyn Bridge and Tillary Street in Brooklyn and between the Grand Central Parkway and Roosevelt Avenue in Queens. The expressway between Tillary Street and Flushing Avenue , around the Brooklyn Navy Yard , was opened shortly thereafter on January 6, 1960. The road in its entirety was completed on December 23, 1964 at a cost of $ 137 million (equivalent to $ 1.03 billion in 2023 ), with
5568-461: The expressway, the two-tiered promenade section in Brooklyn Heights that was designed by Moses, was originally planned to go straight through Hicks Street, then connect to the Brooklyn Bridge at Adams Street. Another route that was proposed by Moses would have continued up Hicks Street past Atlantic Avenue , removing all the buildings on one side of Court Street, then curving east into Tillary Street (at Cadman Plaza ). The Brooklyn Heights Association
5664-498: The fleet page . Most routes travel to and from Staten Island via the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge , Gowanus Expressway , and Hugh L. Carey Tunnel into Lower Manhattan . Some routes operate through New Jersey via the Goethals Bridge , New Jersey Turnpike , New Jersey Route 495 , and Lincoln Tunnel to directly serve Midtown Manhattan . On August 19, 2018, all of the Staten Island-Manhattan express bus routes were redesigned to offer simpler and direct routes, fewer stops to speed up
5760-408: The franchises were awarded to Atlantic Express. All of these routes have been rebranded or eliminated. Gowanus Expressway Interstate 278 ( I-278 ) is an auxiliary Interstate Highway in New Jersey and New York in the United States. The road runs 35.62 miles (57.32 km) from US Route 1/9 (US 1/9) in Linden, New Jersey , northeast to the Bruckner Interchange in
5856-425: The freeway has is with Hylan Boulevard . A short distance later, the SIE comes to a large interchange that serves Lily Pond Avenue and Bay Street. Immediately after, I-278 reaches the former toll plaza for the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge , where electronic toll collection is in effect. Following the toll plaza area, I-278 goes onto the Verrazzano Bridge linking to Brooklyn over The Narrows . This bridge, which
SECTION 60
#17328025822725952-418: The freeway makes a turn to the east, passing over homes before crossing over New Calvary Cemetery. The road turns northeast through more urban neighborhoods and reaches an interchange at Queens Boulevard ( NY 25 ). At this point, I-278 becomes city-maintained again and passes under the Long Island Rail Road 's Main Line as it continues into a depressed alignment. The BQE turns north as it approaches
6048-467: The freeway passes over the Gowanus Canal , an extremely polluted canal that was once used for shipping. The site has been designated a Superfund site by the Environmental Protection Agency . After the exit for the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel, I-278 heads north onto the six-lane BQE, passing through urban neighborhoods near Downtown Brooklyn on a depressed alignment. The next interchange the highway reaches serves Atlantic Avenue . After Atlantic Avenue,
6144-421: The highway heads north through Wards Island Park and passes to the east of Manhattan Psychiatric Center as it passes over the border onto Randalls Island , which is connected to Wards Island by land. I-278 passes through the bridge's former toll plaza before an interchange that provides access to FDR Drive by way of another segment of the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge over the Harlem River . After this interchange,
6240-476: The highway passes under the Travis Branch railroad line that is owned by the Staten Island Railway and operated by CSAO and has a toll plaza serving the bridge. At this point, the freeway becomes eight lanes and maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT), coming to an exit for Western and Forest avenues before reaching a directional interchange with the West Shore Expressway ( New York State Route 440 (NY 440). NY 440 forms
6336-406: The interchange with 31st Street, and I-278 continues northwest along the tolled, eight-lane Robert F. Kennedy Bridge , which passes over Astoria. Eastbound tolls are collected electronically at this point. I-278 crosses the East River on the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge, which maintained by the TBTA . It then enters Wards Island , which is a part of the borough of Manhattan . On Wards Island,
6432-423: The interchange with Humboldt Street/ McGuinness Boulevard . The BQE enters more industrial areas as it comes to the Meeker Avenue/Morgan Avenue exit. I-278 crosses the Newtown Creek into Queens on the Kosciuszko Bridge . Upon entering Queens, the BQE runs north between residential neighborhoods to the east and Calvary Cemetery to the west before coming to an interchange with the LIE ( I-495 ). After I-495,
6528-563: The lines to Queens Surface Corp. in 1990 after protest from Queens elected officials who were afraid that Caravan Bus Systems Inc. would discontinue the routes after Caravan Bus Systems Inc. lost money on the routes and was refused the city subsidy that these routes got under Queens/Steinway Transit Corp. prior to Queens Surface taking over the routes on July 1, 1988. Metro Apple Express (MAX) operated buses in Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and to Jones Beach during its existence. The BM10 started on Sunday, June 10, 1984. They did not have fare boxes on
6624-636: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X18&oldid=1178360292 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages X18 (New York City bus) The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) operates 80 express bus routes in New York City , United States . Express routes operated by MTA Bus Company are assigned multi-borough ( BM , BxM , QM ) prefixes. MTA New York City Bus operates seven of
6720-551: The most effective way to reconfigure the network. All routes are operated by New York City Transit. All routes run during rush hours in the peak direction. In addition, the SIM1C, SIM3C, SIM4C and SIM33C provide off-peak weekday and weekend service, and the SIM1C provides overnight service. These four -C routes cover most stops in Manhattan served by other routes during peak hours. X- routes are operated by New York City Transit, while BM-routes are operated by MTA Bus Company. All routes operate nonstop between Brooklyn and Manhattan via
6816-453: The north and the Bayway Refinery to the south as it continues into Elizabeth . In this area, the road meets Route 439 and the New Jersey Turnpike ( I-95 ) at the only intermediate interchange that I-278 has in New Jersey. This short length is sometimes called the Union Freeway. After this interchange, I-278 turns southeast and crosses the New Jersey Turnpike, Conrail Shared Assets Operations ' (CSAO) Chemical Coast Secondary line,
6912-546: The opening of a mile-long (1.6 km) underpass connecting Queens Boulevard with Roosevelt Avenue. The major interchange with the Long Island Expressway was rebuilt in 1966 for $ 32.7 million (equivalent to $ 235 million in 2023 ). The construction of the BQE, overseen by Moses, tore through many residential neighborhoods in Brooklyn and Queens instead of following the East River. One portion of
7008-399: The outlet for the new exit, rather than Lily Pond Avenue and Bay Street. On January 17, 2013, westbound exit 13 was permanently closed in favor of a new interchange setup, which involved two new ramps: exit 13B for Richmond Road and Targee Street and exit 13A for Clove Road. The Gowanus Expressway was initially the Gowanus Parkway, first planned in the 1930s. Construction of
7104-472: The project, $ 1.7 billion in city funding was allocated, with the remainder to be footed from the state and federal governments. Because of sizable opposition to demolishing the promenade, mayor Bill de Blasio later stated that his administration was open to considering other ideas, including routing the expressway over Brooklyn Bridge Park . Hundreds of people, including Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams and City Comptroller Scott Stringer, rallied on
7200-496: The promenade, calling for more public review. Local residents are strongly opposed to the construction of the temporary six-lane highway as it would run right up against their homes. In response, the Brooklyn Heights Association came up with an alternate plan, which called for the construction of a temporary bilevel roadway running besides the promenade on land including a parking lot. Support for reducing
7296-655: The road runs along the East River harbor in Downtown Brooklyn/ Brooklyn Heights and is partially covered to create the Brooklyn Heights Promenade . As of October 2021 , the roadway has been reduced to two lanes in each direction between Atlantic Avenue and the Brooklyn Bridge as part of efforts to extend the life of the roadway and meet modern safety standards for lane width and shoulders. I-278, at this point maintained by
7392-622: The road, overseen by Robert Moses, started in 1939, with the parkway being built on top of the BMT Third Avenue Line . The parkway was completed in 1941 and became part of the Belt Parkway that received the NY ;27A designation. The Gowanus Parkway was to be reconstructed into the Gowanus Expressway in the 1950s to connect the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge to the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel. The first segment of
7488-523: The roadbed of the section of the parkway that is concurrent with I-278. This section of I-278 now has a 14-foot (4.3 m) vertical clearance, which allows most trucks to stay on I-278. In late 2024, the NYCDOT began considering a plan to construct freeway caps above parts of the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway, as well as converting the spaces under the expressway into public plazas. In 1999,
7584-517: The size of or tearing down the BQE increased, with articles in New York and The Wall Street Journal calling for the removal of the highway. They noted how the removal of highways in other cities improved local neighborhoods and led to economic development. Commissioner Trottenberg had dismissed calls to tear down the highway saying that the city got most of its freight by truck and that "For better or for worse, these Moses-built highways [...] now
7680-410: The study. In March 2018, after hosting several meetings with Staten Island residents, the MTA announced that express bus service to Staten Island was expected to be completely reorganized in August 2018. As part of the redesign, all of the existing bus routes would be discontinued and replaced with new routes with a "SIM" prefix on August 19, 2018. The "SIM" prefix was chosen to reduce confusion with
7776-581: The think tank Reason Foundation proposed placing the BQE within Brooklyn Heights in a tunnel. However, NYCDOT did not seriously consider this suggestion until 2016 when it studied six possible tunnel configurations. NYCDOT found that only the tunnel option starting at 21st Street on Third Avenue and ending near Kent Avenue in Williamsburg would be feasible. This option would have served as a bypass, with vehicles heading to Downtown Brooklyn, or
7872-549: The trips, and additional service for off-peak hours and weekends. The new routes originally planned consists of 21 express routes: 11 traveling to Midtown, 8 traveling to Downtown and 2 traveling to Greenwich Village via Battery Park City. The previously used "X" routes have been dropped in favor of "SIM," or S taten I sland to M anhattan, routes. This was the result of the two-year Staten Island Bus Study conducted by MTA, launched in 2015, which analyzed trip performance data, ridership profiles and extensive customer input, to determine
7968-541: The viaduct structure of the Gowanus Expressway has deteriorated. In 1998, a $ 16-million (equivalent to $ 27.9 million in 2023 ) feasibility study for a tunnel for the Gowanus Expressway was awarded. NYSDOT was considering putting the road in a tunnel, but, in November 2011, the FHWA canceled the project. The viaduct's vertical steel supports show material missing due to rust, but the federal government has stated that it
8064-546: The viaduct within Downtown Brooklyn and Fort Greene . Simultaneously, the Queens section of the BQE between Queens Boulevard and 25th Avenue was also renovated. The Koscisuzko Bridge was replaced from 2014 to 2017 with a new eastbound span that temporarily served both directions of traffic. A second span of the Kosciuszko Bridge opened in 2019 for westbound traffic, adding more lanes to the BQE across
8160-488: The western leg is signed as part of I-278. I-278 turns west to run along the eight-lane state-maintained Grand Central Parkway , with Astoria Boulevard (and Hoyt Avenue later on) serving as a frontage road. The road runs along a depressed alignment, passing under Amtrak 's Northeast Corridor , then the New York City Subway 's BMT Astoria Line at 31st Street. The Grand Central Parkway overlap ends at
8256-544: The years. In New York, the various parts of I-278 were planned by Robert Moses , an urban planner in New York City. The segments proposed tore through many New York City neighborhoods, causing controversy. Despite its number, I-278 does not connect to I-78 . There were once plans to extend I-278 west to I-78 east of the Route ;24 interchange in Springfield, New Jersey . This was canceled because of opposition from
8352-438: Was able to fight these proposed routes, which created the two-tiered section above Furman Street with the promenade over it. Several tunnels were later proposed to replace the promenade, but none of the tunnel proposals were supported or funded. In 1958, existing segments of the expressway were eligible for Interstate Highway funding. For a short time, the segment of highway between the Robert F. Kennedy and Williamsburg bridges
8448-487: Was built in 2005. After Todt Hill Road and Slosson Avenue, I-278 runs through a wooded area where it comes to an incomplete interchange that was to be the northern terminus of the Richmond Parkway . The road continues back into residential areas and comes to an interchange serving Clove Road and Richmond Road. Past this, I-278 passes over the Staten Island Railway rapid transit line. The next interchange
8544-492: Was built, however. The aborted section, from the expressway to Richmond Avenue, has become a part of the Staten Island Greenbelt , one of New York City's public parks. A ramp stub of an interchange on the expressway, cut into the hills of Todt Hill , still exists. Part of the trail system of the greenbelt was using the abandoned overpass bridge as pedestrian crossing of the expressway up until 2013, when it
8640-524: Was discontinued in 1996. From late 1988 to early 1990, Queens Surface Corporation discontinued the QM1 Wall Street and QM3 after the City of New York pulled its funding for the service. Caravan Bus Systems Inc. picked up these routes due to equipment shortages and budget cuts with the approval of the NYCDOT. Caravan Bus Systems Inc. ran the QM1 Wall Street and QM3 with no subsidy from NYC and returned
8736-578: Was dismantled for lane widening improvements. The first link of the SIE opened in January 1964, from the Goethals Bridge to Victory Boulevard . The remainder opened later that year. The freeway had a total cost of $ 47 million (equivalent to $ 353 million in 2023 ). In 1998, bus lanes were created on the eastern part of the SIE near the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge; they were extended west to Todt Hill Road/Slosson Avenue in 2005. In 2008,
8832-411: Was dropped, and a revised plan with 85 routes was released on March 29, 2022. The new plan retains the "QM" prefix and preserves most of the existing routes. Most of the bus routes have relatively minor changes: In the second draft plan, all Queens-bound express buses were supposed to use the Long Island Expressway; some of the existing routes used Queens Boulevard or Northern Boulevard. This change
8928-408: Was reversed in the final plan, released in December 2023. All routes are operated by MTA Bus. Former Liberty Lines Express routes were taken over by MTA Bus Company on January 3, 2005, while former New York Bus Service routes were taken over on July 1, 2005. Most X routes were discontinued between 2010 and 2018 due to budget cuts and a reimagining of the bus network. In 2015, the MTA began
9024-461: Was to be designated I-87 and continue north as the Major Deegan Expressway. By 1959, the I-278 designation was given to the entire length of the highway. Since the roadway was constructed prior to modern expressway standards, the road needed to be upgraded to meet these standards. By the 1990s, a major multiyear project beginning in the 1980s brought upgrades to the BQE. In the early 2000s, the expressway underwent another upgrade project that replaced
9120-470: Was to repair the existing six-lane highway one lane at a time. The promenade walkway would be closed for up to six years under the first option and for two years under the second option, with periodic closures for construction use. The NYCDOT commissioner, Polly Trottenberg , called the project "the most challenging project not only in New York City, but arguably in the United States right now". For
9216-607: Was to run along an abandoned railroad right-of-way , it would traverse through dense development in Roselle Park , Kenilworth , and Union Township, thereby making the project further disliked. By 1967, state officials decided not to pursue the continuation of I-278 and used the funds for I-278 to build I-195 across Central Jersey instead. The only section of I-278 in New Jersey was built between US 1/9 in Linden and
#271728