120-986: The Hutchinson River Parkway (known colloquially as the Hutch ) is a controlled-access parkway in southern New York in the United States. It extends for 18.71 miles (30.11 km) from the Bruckner Interchange in the Throggs Neck section of the Bronx to the New York– Connecticut state line at Rye Brook . The parkway continues south from the Bruckner Interchange as the Whitestone Expressway ( Interstate 678 ) and north into Greenwich, Connecticut , as
240-663: A dual highway ) in 1932 between Cologne and Bonn . It then rapidly constructed the first nationwide system of such roads. The first North American freeways (known as parkways) opened in the New York City area in the 1920s. Britain, heavily influenced by the railways, did not build its first motorway , the Preston By-pass ( M6 ), until 1958. Most technologically advanced nations feature an extensive network of freeways or motorways to provide high-capacity urban travel, or high-speed rural travel, or both. Many have
360-466: A median separates the opposite directions of traffic. This strip may be as simple as a grassy area, or may include a crash barrier such as a " Jersey barrier " or an "Ontario Tall Wall" to prevent head-on collisions . On some freeways, the two carriageways are built on different alignments; this may be done to make use of available corridors in a mountainous area or to provide narrower corridors through dense urban areas . Control of access relates to
480-407: A Westchester Parks Department run beach and park, was one of the first amusement parks in the country serving as a summer resort at the turn of the twentieth century; Huckleberry Island is largely undeveloped, and has one of the largest rookeries in western Long Island Sound; Echo Island is owned and used by a private yacht club ; Execution Rocks is the site of a 19th-century lighthouse listed on
600-561: A class of highways with somewhat less isolation from other traffic. In countries following the Vienna convention , the motorway qualification implies that walking and parking are forbidden. A fully controlled-access highway provides an unhindered flow of traffic, with no traffic signals , intersections or property access . They are free of any at-grade crossings with other roads, railways, or pedestrian paths, which are instead carried by overpasses and underpasses . Entrances and exits to
720-707: A cloverleaf and trumpet interchange when it opened in 1937, and until the Second World War , boasted the longest illuminated stretch of roadway built. A decade later, the first section of Highway 401 was opened, based on earlier designs. It has since gone on to become the busiest highway in the world. The word freeway was first used in February 1930 by Edward M. Bassett . Bassett argued that roads should be classified into three basic types: highways, parkways , and freeways. In Bassett's zoning and property law -based system, abutting property owners have
840-620: A freeway, specialized pedestrian footbridges or tunnels may also be provided. These structures enable pedestrians and cyclists to cross the freeway at that point without a detour to the nearest road crossing. Access to freeways is typically provided only at grade-separated interchanges , though lower-standard right-in/right-out (left-in/left-out in countries that drive on the left) access can be used for direct connections to side roads. In many cases, sophisticated interchanges allow for smooth, uninterrupted transitions between intersecting freeways and busy arterial roads . However, sometimes it
960-705: A junction with I-95 and the New England Thruway . Crossing over Bartow Avenue and the Hutchinson River , the parkway crosses into the main section of Pelham Bay Park, where Exit 3 forks off towards the center of the park. The now six-lane parkway crosses north through Pelham Bay Park, entering Exit 4A, another junction with the New England Thruway. When the Hutchinson River Parkway leaves Pelham Bay Park,
1080-434: A larger number of guide signs than other roads, and the signs themselves are physically larger. Guide signs are often mounted on overpasses or overhead gantries so that drivers can see where each lane goes. Exit numbers are commonly derived from the exit's distance in miles or kilometers from the start of the freeway. In some areas, there are public rest areas or service areas on freeways, as well as emergency phones on
1200-499: A legal status which limits the types of vehicles that can use a highway, as well as a road design that limits the points at which they can access it. Major arterial roads will often have partial access control , meaning that side roads will intersect the main road at grade, instead of using interchanges, but driveways may not connect directly to the main road, and drivers must use intersecting roads to access adjacent land. At arterial junctions with relatively quiet side roads, traffic
1320-471: A manufacturing base, particularly along the Hudson River and Nepperhan Creek . In 1874, the western portion of the present Bronx County was transferred to New York County, and in 1895 the remainder of the present Bronx County was also transferred to New York County. These would later split from Manhattan to form a county. During the 20th century, the rural character of Westchester would transform into
SECTION 10
#17327719930741440-725: A median rest area . The parkway continues northeast, entering Exit 14, a diamond interchange with NY 127 (North Street) in Harrison . Passing Maple Moor Golf Course, the Hutchinson River Parkway enters Exit 15A–B, a cloverleaf interchange with I-287 (the Cross Westchester Expressway ). Just to the north of the interchange, NY 984J forks to the northwest towards I-684 in Harrison at Exit 16A. Just northeast of NY 984J, Exit 16B forks to NY 120 (Purchase Street). After Exit 16A-B
1560-527: A milepost system but does not use milepost markers. In Europe and some other countries, motorways typically have similar characteristics such as: Two-lane freeways , often undivided, are sometimes built when traffic volumes are low or right-of-way is limited; they may be designed for easy conversion to one side of a four-lane freeway. (For example, most of the Bert T. Combs Mountain Parkway in eastern Kentucky
1680-447: A motorway is understood as a public road with dual carriageways and at least two lanes each way. All entrances and exits are signposted and all interchanges are grade separated. Central barrier or median present throughout the road. No crossing is permitted, while stopping is permitted only in an emergency. Restricted access to motor vehicles, prohibited to pedestrians, animals, pedal cycles, mopeds, agricultural vehicles. The minimum speed
1800-777: A national-level or even international-level (e.g. European E route ) system of route numbering . There are several international standards that give some definitions of words such as motorways, but there is no formal definition of the English language words such as freeway , motorway , and expressway , or of the equivalent words in other languages such as autoroute , Autobahn , autostrada , autocesta, autoput , that are accepted worldwide—in most cases these words are defined by local statute or design standards or regional international treaties. Descriptions that are widely used include: One green or blue symbol (like [REDACTED] ) appears at motorway entry in countries that follow
1920-600: A number of patterns. The actual pattern is determined by a number of factors including local topology, traffic density, land cost, building costs, type of road, etc. In some jurisdictions feeder/distributor lanes are common, especially for cloverleaf interchanges ; in others, such as the United Kingdom, where the roundabout interchange is common, feeder/distributor lanes are seldom seen. Motorways in Europe typically differ between exits and junctions. An exit leads out of
2040-624: A park and where intersecting streets crossed over bridges. The Southern State Parkway opened in 1927, while the Long Island Motor Parkway was closed in 1937 and replaced by the Northern State Parkway (opened 1931) and the contiguous Grand Central Parkway (opened 1936). In Germany, construction of the Bonn-Cologne Autobahn began in 1929 and was opened in 1932 by Konrad Adenauer , then
2160-457: A private venture, was the world's first limited-access roadway. It included many modern features, including banked turns , guard rails and reinforced concrete tarmac . Traffic could turn left between the parkway and connectors, crossing oncoming traffic, so it was not a controlled-access highway (or "freeway" as later defined by the federal government's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices ). Modern controlled-access highways originated in
2280-609: A reduction in deaths in a range from 20% to 50% on those sections. Speed, in Europe, is considered to be one of the main contributory factors to collisions. Some countries, such as France and Switzerland, have achieved a death reduction by a better monitoring of speed. Tools used for monitoring speed might be an increase in traffic density; improved speed enforcement and stricter regulation leading to driver license withdrawal; safety cameras; penalty point; and higher fines. Some other countries use automatic time-over-distance cameras (also known as section controls ) to manage speed. Fatigue
2400-541: A separate roadway or altogether eliminates it. In some parts of the world, notably parts of the US , frontage roads form an integral part of the freeway system. These parallel surface roads provide a transition between high-speed "through" traffic and local traffic. Frequent slip-ramps provide access between the freeway and the frontage road, which in turn provides direct access to local roads and businesses. Except on some two-lane freeways (and very rarely on wider freeways),
2520-510: A similar system of express and local lanes for a maximum width of 21 lanes on a 2-mile (3.2 km) segment between Interstate 805 and California State Route 56 . In Mississauga , Ontario, Highway 401 uses collector-express lanes for a total of 18 lanes through its intersection with Highway 403 / Highway 410 and Highway 427 . These wide freeways may use separate collector and express lanes to separate through traffic from local traffic, or special high-occupancy vehicle lanes , either as
SECTION 20
#17327719930742640-411: A special restriction on the innermost lane or a separate roadway, to encourage carpooling . These HOV lanes , or roadways open to all traffic, can be reversible lanes , providing more capacity in the direction of heavy traffic, and reversing direction before traffic switches. Sometimes a collector/distributor road , a shorter version of a local lane, shifts weaving between closely spaced interchanges to
2760-594: A total of 25,276 cases, 838 deaths, and 9,371 recoveries. As of May 22, 2020, there were between 30 and 35,000 cases going both by COVID-19 testing and serological samples, constituting the highest number of highest per capita infections in the world: 3% out of 1 million residents. On May 26, 2020, the area started their first phase of reopening after being placed on lockdown for two months. Westchester County has six cities , 19 towns , and 23 villages . Cities in Westchester have many well established sub-areas within
2880-533: A walkway along the Hudson River of 51.5 miles (80 km) which will provide pedestrian access between New York City and Putnam County. 32.9 miles of the route are complete and accessible. At 987 feet (301 m), the highest elevation in the county is a U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey benchmark known as "Bailey" in Mountain Lakes Park near the Connecticut state line. The lowest elevation
3000-703: Is a marketing name for the eastern part of New York State, including the Hudson Valley and the Capital District . The term originated in 1998 to promote the Greater Albany metropolitan area as a competitor to regions such as Silicon Valley and Boston . It has since grown to represent the counties in New York between IBM 's Westchester County plants in the south and the Canada–U.S. border to
3120-468: Is bordered on the west side by the Hudson River and on the east side by the Long Island Sound and Fairfield County, Connecticut . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 500 square miles (1,300 km ), of which 430 square miles (1,100 km ) is land and 69 square miles (180 km ) (14%) is water. Where Pelham Manor meets Pelham Bay Park in the Bronx,
3240-502: Is borderline humid subtropical and humid continental (Köppen: Cfa/Dfa ). Winters are cold, wet, and occasionally snowy throughout the county, with more snow inland in higher elevations. Summers are hot inland but cooler towards the coast, with a relative dryness in the early summer. Precipitation is plentiful and in some elevated areas reaches over 50 inches. Snowfall is more common in Westchester than in New York City, with
3360-401: Is completely separate from the city of Rye. Pelham is the name of a town and also of a village in the town. The village of Mamaroneck is located partially in the town of Mamaroneck and partially in the town of Rye, but has nothing to do with the city of Rye. ZIP Codes in Westchester often are not coterminous with the actual municipality borders, causing mailing addresses to sometimes differ from
3480-462: Is considered as a risk factor more specific to monotonous roads such as motorways, although such data are not monitored/recorded in many countries. According to Vinci Autoroutes , one third of accidents in French motorways are due to sleepy driving. Westchester County, New York Westchester County is a county located in the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of New York , bordering
3600-735: Is controlled mainly by two-way stop signs which do not impose significant interruptions on traffic using the main highway. Roundabouts are often used at busier intersections in Europe because they help minimize interruptions in flow, while traffic signals that create greater interference with traffic are still preferred in North America. There may be occasional interchanges with other major arterial roads. Examples include US 23 between SR 15 's eastern terminus and Delaware, Ohio , along with SR 15 between its eastern terminus and I-75 , US 30 , SR 29 / US 33 , and US 35 in western and central Ohio. This type of road
3720-489: Is in a transitional period, converting from primarily industrial uses to mixed residential, commercial, retail, and recreational uses. This transformation is most notable in Yonkers, Hastings-on-Hudson , Dobbs Ferry , Irvington , Tarrytown, Sleepy Hollow, Ossining , and Peekskill , where redevelopment projects are in various stages of design and completion. In 2004, the county began a project to create Westchester RiverWalk,
Hutchinson River Parkway - Misplaced Pages Continue
3840-592: Is necessary to exit onto a surface road to transfer from one freeway to another. One example in the United States (notorious for the resulting congestion) is the connection from Interstate 70 to the Pennsylvania Turnpike ( Interstate 70 and Interstate 76 ) through the town of Breezewood, Pennsylvania . Speed limits are generally higher on freeways and are occasionally nonexistent (as on much of Germany's Autobahn network). Because higher speeds reduce decision time, freeways are usually equipped with
3960-450: Is not lower than 50 km/h [31 mph] and the maximum speed is not higher than 130 km/h [81 mph] (except Germany where no speed limit is defined). Motorways are designed to carry heavy traffic at high speed with the lowest possible number of accidents. They are also designed to collect long-distance traffic from other roads, so that conflicts between long-distance traffic and local traffic are avoided. According to
4080-431: Is provided with separate carriageways for the two directions of traffic). Principal arterials may cross through urban areas, serving suburban movements. The traffic is characterized by high speeds and full or partial access control (interchanges or junctions controlled by traffic lights). Other roads leading to a principal arterial are connected to it through side collector roads. In this view, CARE's definition stands that
4200-708: Is sea level, along both the Hudson and Long Island Sound. Westchester County is divided into six primary drainage basins or watersheds: the Upper and Lower Long Island Sound; and the Bronx, Upper Hudson, Lower Hudson, and Croton River basins. Within these primary drainage basins are approximately 60 smaller basins, or subwatersheds. The principal streams draining the southern part of the county include Beaver Swamp Brook, Blind Brook , Bronx River , Hutchinson River , Mamaroneck River , Saw Mill River , Sheldrake River, Stephenson Brook and Tibbetts Brook . The primary streams draining
4320-407: Is sometimes called an expressway . Freeways are usually limited to motor vehicles of a minimum power or weight; signs may prohibit cyclists , pedestrians and equestrians and impose a minimum speed. It is possible for non-motorized traffic to use facilities within the same right-of-way, such as sidewalks constructed along freeway-standard bridges and multi-use paths next to freeways such as
4440-480: Is specially sign-posted as a motorway and is reserved for specific categories of road motor vehicles." Urban motorways are also included in this definition. However, the respective national definitions and the type of roads covered may present slight differences in different EU countries. The first version of modern controlled-access highways evolved during the first half of the 20th century. The Long Island Motor Parkway on Long Island , New York , opened in 1908 as
4560-545: Is the result of several changes, including infrastructure safety and road user behavior (speed or seat belt use), while other matters such as vehicle safety and mobility patterns have an impact that has not been quantified. Motorways are the safest roads by design. While accounting for more than one quarter of all kilometres driven, they contributed only 8% of the total number of European road deaths in 2006. Germany's Federal Highway Research Institute provided International Road Traffic and Accident Database (IRTAD) statistics for
4680-408: Is two lanes, but work has begun to make all of it four-lane.) These are often called Super two roads. Several such roads are infamous for a high rate of lethal crashes; an outcome because they were designed for short sight distances (sufficient for freeways without oncoming traffic, but insufficient for the years in service as two-lane road with oncoming traffic). An example of such a "Highway to Hell"
4800-672: The Amawalk Reservoir , and the Muscoot Reservoir . Other major reservoirs are the Kensico and Byram Lake Reservoir, while there are a number of smaller reservoirs throughout the county. The Westchester County Department of Planning divides the county into North, Central and South sub-regions. The rock that underlies Manhattan and Westchester is chiefly gneiss and mica - schist , with layers of dolomitic marble and serpentine . The climate of Westchester County
4920-629: The Dartford Crossing (the furthest downstream public crossing of the River Thames ) or where it was not economic to build a motorway alongside the existing road such as the former Cumberland Gap . The A1 is a good example of piece-wise upgrading to motorway standard—as of January 2013, the 639-kilometre-long (397 mi) route had five stretches of motorway (designated as A1(M)), reducing to four stretches in March 2018 with completion of
Hutchinson River Parkway - Misplaced Pages Continue
5040-581: The Delaware and Hudson Rivers . Several different tribes occupied the area, including The Manhattans, and the Weckquaesgeek and Siwanoy bands of the Wappinger in the south, and Tankiteke, Sintsink and Kitchawank Wappinger in the north. The first European explorers to visit the Westchester area were Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524 and Henry Hudson in 1609. Dutch settlers began arriving in
5160-607: The International Science and Engineering Fair and similar STEM -based academic awards. At the time of European contact in the 16th and 17th centuries, the Native American inhabitants of present-day Westchester County were part of the Algonquian peoples , whose name for themselves was Lenape , meaning the people . They called the region Lenapehoking , which consisted of the area around and between
5280-693: The Kensico Reservoir are important components of the New York City water supply system. The system is a series of interconnected reservoirs and lakes in northern Westchester and Putnam Counties that provide 10% of New York City's water under normal conditions and up to 30% in times of drought. The components of the system include the New Croton Reservoir , the Cross River Reservoir , the Titicus Reservoir ,
5400-716: The Long Island Sound to its east and the Hudson River on its west. The county is the seventh most populous county in the State of New York and the most populous north of New York City . According to the 2020 United States Census , the county had a population of 1,004,456, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 55,344 (5.8%) from the 949,113 counted in 2010 . Westchester covers an area of 450 square miles (1,200 km ), consisting of six cities, 19 towns, and 23 villages. Established in 1683, Westchester
5520-503: The Merritt Parkway ( Connecticut Route 15 ). The roadway is named for the Hutchinson River , a 10-mile-long (16 km) stream in southern Westchester County that the road follows alongside. The river, in turn, was named for English colonial religious leader Anne Hutchinson . Construction of the parkway began in 1924 and was completed in 1941. The section of the parkway between Eastern Boulevard (now Bruckner Boulevard) in
5640-703: The Merritt Parkway (Route 15). Construction of the parkway began in 1924 and the first two-mile (3 km) section was completed in December 1927. By October 1928, 11 miles (18 km) of the parkway were open, connecting US 1 in Pelham Manor, New York with Westchester Avenue in White Plains, New York. The original roadway was an undivided freeway , designed with gently sloping curves, stone arch bridges, and wooden lightposts . The original 11-mile (18 km) section included bridle paths along
5760-514: The National Register of Historic Places ; Columbia , Pea , and Goose Islands are undeveloped; Clifford, Harrison and Tank Islands are part of the "Five Islands Park" and nature preserve; while Oak and Pine Islands are used as private residences. The widest section of the Hudson River, at 3.6 miles (6 km), is found between the Westchester and Rockland County shorelines immediately north of Croton Point. In Colonial times, this area
5880-484: The Revolutionary War devastated the county, recovery after the war was rapid. In 1788, five years after the end of the war, the county was divided into 20 towns. In 1798, the first federal census recorded a population of 24,000 for the county. Two developments in the first half of the 19th century—the construction of the first Croton Dam and Aqueduct , and the coming of the railroad—had enormous impacts on
6000-867: The Suncoast Trail along the Suncoast Parkway in Florida . In some US jurisdictions, especially where freeways replace existing roads, non-motorized access on freeways is permitted. Different states of the United States have different laws. Cycling on freeways in Arizona may be prohibited only where there is an alternative route judged equal or better for cycling. Wyoming , the second least densely populated state, allows cycling on all freeways. Oregon allows bicycles except on specific urban freeways in Portland and Medford . In countries such as
6120-538: The United Kingdom new motorways require an Act of Parliament to ensure restricted right of way. Since upgrading an existing road (the "King's Highway") to a full motorway will result in extinguishing the right of access of certain groups such as pedestrians, cyclists and slow-moving traffic, many controlled access roads are not full motorways. In some cases motorways are linked by short stretches of road where alternative rights of way are not practicable such as
SECTION 50
#17327719930746240-424: The United Kingdom , do not distinguish between the two, but others make a distinction; for example, Germany uses the words Kreuz ("cross") or Dreieck ("triangle") for the former and Ausfahrt ("exit") for the latter. In all cases one road crosses the other via a bridge or a tunnel, as opposed to an at-grade crossing . The inter-connecting roads, or slip-roads , which link the two roads, can follow any one of
6360-442: The right-of-way . There was also a riding academy where the public could rent horses . In 1930, Robert Moses , an American public official who worked on New York metropolitan area infrastructure, announced plans to build more parkways in the Bronx. A southward extension from Pelham Manor to Pelham Bay Park opened on December 11, 1937. The new southerly extension became part of a rerouted New York State Route 1A. The final segment of
6480-490: The shoulder at regular intervals. In the United States, mileposts usually start at the southern or westernmost point on the freeway (either its terminus or the state line). California , Ohio and Nevada use postmile systems in which the markers indicate mileage through the state's individual counties. However, Nevada and Ohio also use the standard milepost system concurrently with their respective postmile systems. California numbers its exits off its freeways according to
6600-763: The southern border of Westchester is just under 11 miles (18 km) from Columbus Circle in Manhattan . At over 2,700 acres (11 km ), Pelham Bay Park is the largest of New York City's parks, forming a substantial buffer between suburban Westchester and the urban Bronx, while Van Cortlandt Park to the west acts as a similar buffer. Westchester's Long Island Sound shore is generally rocky, interspersed with tidal mud flats , marshes and wetlands , as well as several natural and artificially-maintained sand beaches. Municipal and county owned parks provide access to beaches, nature preserves and passive and active waterfront recreational facilities. Several large harbors lie along
6720-541: The 1620s, followed by settlers from England in the 1640s. Westchester County was one of the original twelve counties of the Province of New York , created by an act of the New York General Assembly in 1683. At the time it included present-day Bronx County , and abutted then- Dutchess County to the north. By 1775, Westchester was the richest and most populous county in the colony of New York. Although
6840-501: The A1(M) through North Yorkshire . The most frequent way freeways are laid out is by building them from the ground up after obstructions such as forestry or buildings are cleared away. Sometimes they deplete farmland, but other methods have been developed for economic, social and even environmental reasons. Full freeways are sometimes made by converting at-grade expressways or by replacing at-grade intersections with overpasses; however, in
6960-596: The Bronx and U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Pelham Manor was designated as New York State Route 1X ( NY 1X ) from 1941 to 1946. NY 1A was subsequently realigned to follow the Hutch between Eastern Boulevard and US 1. The NY 1A designation was removed around 1962. The road is designated as NY 908A within the Bronx and is maintained by the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT). In Westchester County,
7080-639: The Cross County Parkway merges into the northbound lanes. Crossing through Twin Lakes Park, the parkway enters Exit 8, a junction with the northern end of Webster Avenue. Passing around Reservoir 3 , the Hutchinson River Parkway crosses into Eastchester and soon back into New Rochelle near Exit 9, which connects to North Avenue. To the north, Exit 9A and Exit 9B going southbound junctions with Mill Road in Eastchester,
7200-570: The Hudson River to its west. Westchester was the first suburban area of its scale in the world to develop, due mostly to the upper-middle-class development of entire communities in the late 19th century and the subsequent rapid population growth. Westchester County has numerous road and mass transit connections to New York City, and the county is home to the headquarters of large multinational corporations including IBM , Mastercard , PepsiCo , and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals . Westchester County high school students often feature prominently as winners of
7320-596: The Hutchinson River Expressway (I-678), and the Bruckner Expressway (I-95 and I-278 ). The Hutchinson River Parkway proceeds north as a continuation of I-678, entering Exit 1A, a small 1-lane ramp to Bruckner Boulevard near Saint Raymond's Cemetery . Just to the north of Exit 1A, gas stations appear on each side of the road, which turns northeast and into Exit 1B, a connection to East Tremont Avenue. After Exit 1B,
SECTION 60
#17327719930747440-506: The Hutchinson River Expressway. Modifications in 1984 included the straightening of some curves, increased sight distances , removal of the rustic lightposts, and lengthening of acceleration and deceleration lanes. Originally, there was a 10 cent toll in Pelham between exits 7 and 8. The toll was increased to 25 cents in 1958 and removed on October 31, 1994, with the last toll collected just before midnight. The tolls were abolished on
7560-625: The Quaker Ridge section of Scarsdale , the Hutchinson River Parkway crosses into Exit 12, Mamaroneck Road near Saxon Woods County Park. The parkway runs along the southern end of the park, entering Exit 13A-B in the center of the park. Exit 13A-B services Mamaroneck Avenue as it crosses over the West Branch of the Mamaroneck River . Leaving the park, the Hutchinson River Parkway enters White Plains , crossing past
7680-811: The Saw Mill River and Hutchinson River parkways in November 1994. In mid-2021, the parkway's exit numbers were changed from sequential to mileage-based numbering. In addition, I-684 was assigned an exit number after initially being unsigned, which is Exit 16A. Controlled-access highway A controlled-access highway is a type of highway that has been designed for high-speed vehicular traffic, with all traffic flow—ingress and egress—regulated. Common English terms are freeway , motorway , and expressway . Other similar terms include throughway or thruway and parkway . Some of these may be limited-access highways , although this term can also refer to
7800-409: The US, any at-grade intersection that ends a freeway often remains an at-grade intersection. Often, when there is a two-lane undivided freeway or expressway, it is converted by constructing a parallel twin corridor, and leaving a median between the two travel directions. The median-side travel lane of the old two-way corridor becomes a passing lane. Other techniques involve building a new carriageway on
7920-484: The United States, allow for limited exceptions: some movable bridges , for instance the Interstate Bridge on Interstate 5 between Oregon and Washington , do require drivers to stop for ship traffic. The crossing of freeways by other routes is typically achieved with grade separation either in the form of underpasses or overpasses . In addition to sidewalks (pavements) attached to roads that cross
8040-712: The Vienna Convention. Exits are marked with another symbol: [REDACTED] . The definitions of "motorway" from the OECD and PIARC are almost identical. In the European Union , for statistical and safety purposes, some distinction might be made between motorway and expressway . For instance a principal arterial might be considered as: Roads serving long distance and mainly interurban movements. Includes motorways (urban or rural) and expressways (road which does not serve properties bordering on it and which
8160-511: The actual municipal location in which a property resides. For instance, the ZIP Codes for Bronxville , Larchmont , Rye , and Scarsdale contain large areas that lie outside of those municipalities. All of the towns have justice courts , and some of the villages do as well. The towns are listed as follows: Due to its proximity to New York City, many Fortune 500 companies are headquartered in Westchester county, including: Tech Valley
8280-505: The adjacent village of Pelham . The parkway winds north through Pelham, entering Exit 5B on the southbound lanes, a connection to East 3rd Street. Winding northeast, the parkway crosses under the Metro-North Railroad New Haven Line just west of Pelham station . Just after the line, the Hutchinson River Parkway crosses into Exit 6A, a bi-directional junction with Lincoln Avenue in Pelham. Soon
8400-526: The age of 18 living with them, 53.9% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.2% were non-families. Of all households 25.7% were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.21. Age distribution was 25% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 14% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
8520-402: The best in New York State and the United States. Public schools in the county are largely funded by local property taxes, and the median annual property tax bill for Westchester County residents was $ 13,842 in 2013, the highest in the United States. According to the 2018 rankings provided by the education website Niche , taking into account public comments, 28 of the top 100 school districts in
8640-404: The bioscience center, a public-private partnership, is anticipated to create 12,000 new jobs and include over 2.25 million square feet of biotechnology research space. Westchester County contains 48 public school districts , nearly 120 private college-preparatory and parochial schools, and 14 colleges and universities. Many public and private high schools are continuously ranked among
8760-435: The border between Ossining town and Mount Pleasant, and Mamaroneck village straddles the boundary between Mamaroneck town and Rye town. With the exception of the towns of Rye, Pelham, Harrison, Mount Kisco, and Scarsdale, all the towns contain area and residents which do not belong to any village. These areas may contain communities referred to as hamlets , or "unincorporated areas". Hamlets have no legal status and depend upon
8880-793: The bridge. The Queen Elizabeth II Bridge / Dartford tunnel at London Orbital is an example of this. London Orbital or the M25 is a motorway surrounding London , but at the last River Thames crossing before its mouth, motorway rules do not apply. (At this crossing the London Orbital is labeled A282 instead.) A few of the more common types of junction are shown below: There are many differences between countries in their geography, economy, traffic growth, highway system size, degree of urbanization and motorization, etc.; all of which need to be taken into consideration when comparisons are made. According to some EU papers, safety progress on motorways
9000-399: The central part of the county include Byram River , Kisco River, Mianus River , Mill River, Pocantico River and Silvermine River. The principal streams draining the northern part of the county include Dickey Brook, Furnace Brook, Hallocks Mill Brook, Hunter Brook, Muscoot River, Peekskill Hollow Brook, and Titicus River . The county contains several major reservoirs; The Croton system and
9120-450: The cities is in a town. A town may have from zero to multiple villages. The largest city in the county by population is Yonkers with over 211,000 residents. The city with the highest population density is Mount Vernon with a density of 15,564 individuals per square mile. The towns of Harrison, Mount Kisco, and Scarsdale are coterminous with the village of the same name. Two villages are split between two towns: Briarcliff Manor crosses
9240-562: The coast. As of 2010, there were 949,113 residents at an average density of 807 per square mile (312/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 57.4% non-Hispanic White, 15.6% African American, 0.4% Native American, 5.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 7.6% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21.8% of the population. 71.7% spoke only English at home, while 14.4% spoke Spanish , 3.5% Italian , 1.1% Portuguese and 1.1% French at home. There were 337,142 households, of which 34% had children under
9360-492: The common European definition, a motorway is defined as "a road, specially designed and built for motor traffic, which does not serve properties bordering on it, and which: (a) is provided, except at special points or temporarily, with separate carriageways for the two directions of traffic, separated from each other, either by a dividing strip not intended for traffic, or exceptionally by other means; (b) does not cross at level with any road, railway or tramway track, or footpath; (c)
9480-468: The continuation of North Avenue. After Exits 9A and 9B, the parkway passes east of Reservoir 1 and south of Exit 9C, Wilmot Road. The Hutchinson River Parkway proceeds northeast as a four-lane freeway through New Rochelle. The parkway crosses under NY 125 (Weaver Street), which is accessible southbound via Exit 11. Proceeding northbound, Exit 11 services Hutchinson Avenue, which connects to NY 125 and Quaker Ridge Country Club. Now in
9600-700: The county are: The former Edwin H. Armstrong House is the only delisted National Historic Landmark in Westchester. Westchester County is served by the Westchester Library System, established in 1958. The system comprises 38 public libraries and 25 college and special libraries in the county. The Westchester Library Association is an organization which advocates on behalf of libraries and their personnel and support systems within Westchester County. There are 14 sites on Westchester County's African American Heritage Trail . The Trail
9720-594: The county carry a second digit of "8", as Westchester County is located in region 8, the "0" in 907W is indicative of regions 10 and 11, containing Long Island and New York City , respectively. The Hutchinson River Parkway begins at the large Bruckner Interchange in the Throggs Neck section of the Bronx . This interchange consists of junctions with the Cross Bronx Expressway ( I-95 and I-295 ),
9840-548: The county lived below the poverty line from 2014 to 2018. According to the 2020 American Community Survey , the county's Latino population was: 5.12% Puerto Rican , 4.46% Dominican , 4.14% Mexican , 2.73% Ecuadorian , 1.73% Guatemalan , 1.26% Colombian . As of 2000, several different expatriate populations lived in Westchester County. Notable French communities are located in Larchmont , Mamaroneck , and New Rochelle ; while Scarsdale , Tarrytown and Bronxville are
9960-517: The early 1920s in response to the rapidly increasing use of the automobile , the demand for faster movement between cities and as a consequence of improvements in paving processes, techniques and materials. These original high-speed roads were referred to as " dual highways " and have been modernized and are still in use today. Italy was the first country in the world to build controlled-access highways reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only. The Autostrada dei Laghi ("Lakes Motorway"),
10080-530: The exception of the southeast of the county where snowfall is often between 20 and 25 inches. In January, inland areas have a low of 21–26 °F and a high of 34–37 °F while coastal areas have a low of 27–30 °F and a high of 38–41 °F. In the summer, this effect is much milder. Coastal areas, including Mamaroneck, New Rochelle, Rye, and Port Chester have highs of 81–83 °F and lows of 68–73 °F, while inland highs will be 84–87 °F and lows will be 65–70 °F. Winds can be heavy, especially by
10200-406: The fifth-highest in New York (after Nassau , Putnam , Suffolk , and Rockland counties) and the 47th highest in the United States. By 2021, the county's median household income had risen to $ 105,387. Westchester County ranks second in the state after New York County for median income per person, with a higher concentration of incomes in smaller households. Simultaneously, Westchester County had
10320-485: The first built in the world, connecting Milan to Lake Como and Lake Maggiore , and now parts of the A8 and A9 motorways, was devised by Piero Puricelli and was inaugurated in 1924. This motorway, called autostrada , contained only one lane in each direction and no interchanges. The Bronx River Parkway was the first road in North America to utilize a median strip to separate the opposing lanes, to be constructed through
10440-412: The first half of the 20th century. Italy was the first country in the world to build controlled-access highways reserved for fast traffic and for motor vehicles only. Italy opened its first autostrada in 1924, A8 , connecting Milan to Varese . Germany began to build its first controlled-access autobahn without speed limits (30 kilometres [19 mi] on what is now A555 , then referred to as
10560-633: The growth of Westchester. The Croton Dam and Aqueduct was begun in 1837 and completed in 1842; now a National Historic Landmark , the Croton Aqueduct is considered one of the great engineering achievements of the 19th century. In the 1840s, the first railroads were built in Westchester, and included the New York and Harlem Railroad , the Hudson River Railroad, and the New York and New Haven Railroad . The railroads often determined
10680-538: The growth of a town, and the population shifted from Northern to Southern Westchester . By 1860, the total county population was 99,000, with the most populated city being Yonkers. The period following the American Civil War enabled entrepreneurs in the New York area to create fortunes, and many built large estates , such as Lyndhurst , in Westchester. During the latter half of the 19th century, Westchester's transportation system and labor force attracted
10800-520: The highest property taxes of any county in the United States in 2013. Westchester County is one of the centrally located counties within the New York metropolitan area . The county is positioned with New York City, plus Nassau and Suffolk counties (on Long Island , across the Long Island Sound), to its south; Putnam County to its north; Fairfield County, Connecticut , to its east; and Rockland County and Bergen County, New Jersey , across
10920-504: The highway are provided at interchanges by slip roads (ramps), which allow for speed changes between the highway and arterials and collector roads . On the controlled-access highway, opposing directions of travel are generally separated by a median strip or central reservation containing a traffic barrier or grass. Elimination of conflicts with other directions of traffic dramatically improves safety, while increasing traffic capacity and speed. Controlled-access highways evolved during
11040-469: The mayor of Cologne . The German Autobahn became the first nationwide highway system. In Canada , the first precursor with semi-controlled access was The Middle Road between Hamilton and Toronto , which featured a median divider between opposing traffic flow, as well as the nation's first cloverleaf interchange . This highway developed into the Queen Elizabeth Way , which featured
11160-400: The motorway system, whilst a junction is a crossing between motorways or a split/merge of two motorways. The motorway rules end at exits, but not at junctions. However, on some bridges, motorways, without changing appearance, temporarily end between the two exits closest to the bridge (or tunnel), and continue as dual carriageways . This is in order to give slower vehicles a possibility to use
11280-479: The municipal boundaries. Many of these are similar to hamlets and date back to as early as the late 1600s such as Cooper's Corners in New Rochelle. These areas also include some of the first planned communities in the country such as New Rochelle's Residence Park , Rochelle Park and Heights and Sutton Manor . The six cities in the county are: Any land area in the county that is not contained in one of
11400-526: The north. Westchester County has also developed a burgeoning biotechnology sector in the 21st century, with over $ 1 billion in planned private investment as of 2016, spurring Westchester Magazine to nickname the county Biochester . In April 2017, county officials unveiled plans for an 80-acre, 3 million square-foot biotechnology hub to be built with US$ 1.2 billion in private investment on vacant land adjacent to Westchester Medical Center in Valhalla ;
11520-439: The other. Other methods involve constructing a service drive that shortens the long driveways (typically by less than 100 metres (330 ft)). An interchange or a junction is a highway layout that permits traffic from one controlled-access highway to access another and vice versa, whereas an access point is a highway layout where traffic from a distributor or local road can join a controlled-access highway. Some countries, such as
11640-543: The parkway crosses under the IRT Pelham Line just west of Middletown Road subway station , crossing into the Pelham Bay section of the Bronx. Just after crossing into Pelham Bay, the parkway enters Exits 1C–D, an interchange with Pelham Parkway in a small section of Pelham Bay Park . After crossing over Amtrak 's Northeast Corridor , the parkway crosses out of Pelham Bay Park and into Exit 2A–B,
11760-551: The parkway leaves Pelham for Mount Vernon , entering the Chester Heights section. In Mount Vernon, the Hutchinson River Parkway enters Exit 6B, a connection to the Cross County Parkway . The parkway winds northeast into Exit 7, a junction with New Rochelle Road, bending northwest through Nature Study Woods Park. The parkway then bends north into New Rochelle . Just after crossing into New Rochelle,
11880-501: The parkway makes a bend to the southeast entering Exit 17, a junction with Lincoln Avenue in Harrison. The four-lane parkway winds northeast once again, entering Exit 18, a junction with North Ridge Street in Rye Brook. The Hutchinson River Parkway enters Exit 19A, a connection with NY 120A (King Street). At this interchange, the Hutchinson River Parkway crosses into the state of Connecticut and continues northeast as
12000-532: The parkway was built and designated all the way to the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge, but the original parkway designs did not allow for commercial traffic. When the bridge was designated I-678, the section between the Bruckner Interchange and the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge had to be converted to Interstate Highway standards . Once that was completed in 1972, that section was assigned the I-678 designation and renamed
12120-517: The parkway—a southward extension to the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge —was completed on October 11, 1941 and was initially designated NY 1X. The NY 1X designation was removed in 1946 and replaced with a realigned NY 1A, which had previously followed Bruckner Boulevard and Shore Road between what is now the Bruckner Interchange and Exit 5 on the Hutch. The NY 1A designation was completely removed c. 1962 . Originally,
12240-564: The population were below the poverty line , including 26.53% of those under age 18 and 7.60% of those age 65 or over. At the American Community Survey 's 2018 estimates 967,612 people inhabited the county, up 18,499 from 2010's census. 53.1% of the county was non-Hispanic white , 16.6% Black or African American , 1.0% American Indian or Alaska Native , 6.4% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 2.5% from two or more races , and 25.1% Hispanic or Latino of any race. 25.6% of
12360-429: The population were foreign-born. 4.2% of the population was West Indian . From 2014 to 2018 there were 375,852 housing units and 347,332 households. The owner-occupied housing rate was 61.3% and the median monthly owner costs of a house were $ 3,398 with a mortgage and $ 1,426 without. The median gross rent in 2018 was $ 1,493, up $ 517 from the monthly owner cost without a mortgage. The average persons per household in 2018
12480-513: The preferred locations for Japanese immigrants and Japanese Americans . In March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States , the state government ordered a one square mile "containment zone" in the northern part of the city of New Rochelle . Part of New Rochelle is adjacent to the Bronx , where the majority of New York State's COVID-19 positive cases were (as of May 8, 350,000 out of 20 million residents). As of April 22 there were
12600-477: The rate is higher than the risk on urban roads. Speeds are higher on rural roads and autobahns than urban roads, increasing the severity potential of a crash. According to ETSC, German motorways without a speed limit, but with a 130 km/h (81 mph) speed recommendation, are 25% more deadly than motorways with a speed limit. Germany also introduced some 130 km/h (81 mph) speed limits on various motorway sections that were not limited. This generated
12720-413: The right-of-way leaves the Bronx and enters Westchester County . Now in the village of Pelham Manor, the parkway enters Exit 4B, an interchange with US 1 (Boston Post Road). Southbound, an Exit 5A is present, a ramp to Sandford Boulevard in Pelham Manor. Proceeding northbound, Exit 5 connects to Colonial Avenue, the continuation of Sandford Boulevard after the Hutchinson River Parkway in
12840-643: The rights of light , air and access to highways, but not parkways and freeways; the latter two are distinguished in that the purpose of a parkway is recreation, while the purpose of a freeway is movement. Thus, as originally conceived, a freeway is simply a strip of public land devoted to movement to which abutting property owners do not have rights of light, air or access. Freeways, by definition, have no at-grade intersections with other roads, railroads or multi-use trails . Therefore, no traffic signals are needed and through traffic on freeways does not normally need to stop at traffic signals. Some countries, such as
12960-636: The road is designated as NY 907W and is maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). Both designations are unsigned reference routes . Like the Bronx River Parkway , the reference route designation of the parkway in Westchester County violates the numbering scheme used by the NYSDOT. The second digit of a reference route designation typically indicates its region. While other reference routes in
13080-488: The shore including Milton Harbor in Rye , Mamaroneck Harbor , Larchmont Harbor , and Echo Bay , and the upper and lower harbors in southern New Rochelle . A number of islands can be found off the Long Island Sound shore, most of which are located in New Rochelle. Davids Island , the former location of the U.S. Army's Fort Slocum , is currently unoccupied but is slated for use as passive parkland; Glen Island , currently
13200-432: The side of a divided highway that has a lot of private access on one side and sometimes has long driveways on the other side since an easement for widening comes into place, especially in rural areas. When a third carriageway is added, sometimes it can shift a directional carriageway by 20–60 metres (50–200 ft) (or maybe more depending on land availability) as a way to retain private access on one side that favors over
13320-685: The state of New York were located in Westchester County. The Timothy Knapp House , built around 1670, is the oldest standing building in Westchester. Philipse Manor Hall and the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow are also among the oldest, built around 1682 and 1685 respectively. Philipse Manor Hall is located in Getty Square , Yonkers, and is operated by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation . Current National Historic Landmarks in
13440-438: The suburban county known today. The Bronx River Parkway , completed in 1925, was the first modern, multi-lane limited-access roadway in North America. The development of Westchester's parks and parkway systems supported existing communities and encouraged the establishment of new ones, transforming the development pattern for Westchester. With the need for homes expanding after World War II , multistory apartment houses appeared in
13560-413: The town for all municipal government and services. There are also areas called census-designated places (CDPs), which are defined by the U.S. Census Bureau for statistical purposes only. A CDP may or may not correspond to a hamlet. Because some municipalities have the same name, it is often necessary to indicate whether one is referring to the city, town, village, or hamlet. For example, the town of Rye
13680-682: The urbanized areas of the county, while the market for single-family houses continued to expand. By 1950, the total county population was 625,816. Major interstate highways were constructed in Westchester during the 1950s and 1960s. The establishment of these roadways, along with the construction of the Tappan Zee Bridge , led to further growth in the county. Westchester County is located in the New York metropolitan area and Downstate New York , north of New York City and south of Upstate New York . It shares its southern boundary with New York City and its northern border with Putnam County . It
13800-406: The year 2010, comparing overall fatality rates with motorway rates (regardless of traffic intensity): The German autobahn network illustrates the safety trade-offs of controlled access highways. The injury crash rate is very low on autobahns, while 22 people died per 1,000 injury crashes—although autobahns have a lower rate than the 29 deaths per 1,000 injury accidents on conventional rural roads,
13920-443: Was European route E4 from Gävle to Axmartavlan , Sweden. The high rate of crashes with severe personal injuries on that (and similar) roads did not cease until a median crash barrier was installed, transforming the fatal crashes into non-fatal crashes. Otherwise, freeways typically have at least two lanes in each direction; some busy ones can have as many as 16 or more lanes in total. In San Diego, California , Interstate 5 has
14040-406: Was 2.71 and 33.3% of residents spoke a language other than English at home. 21.9% of Westchester was under 18 and 17.1% were aged 65 and older. Westchester County's median income was $ 92,758 and the per capita income was $ 54,572. The Census Bureau reported 65.4% of the county's residents aged 16 and older were employed in the civilian labor force, and 59.5% of women worked in the labor force. 8.3% of
14160-420: Was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.30 males. According to census data, the per capita income for the county in 1999 was $ 36,726. The American Community Survey lists Westchester in 2011 with the median household income of $ 77,006, the 47th highest in the country. The U.S. Census Bureau reports that 6.4% of families and 8.7% (2003) of
14280-825: Was called the Tappan Zee or Sea. The Hudson River is tidal and brackish through Westchester and contains a small number of estuarine marshes. Two bridges span the Hudson in Westchester: the Bear Mountain Bridge crosses at Cortlandt and the Tappan Zee Bridge at Tarrytown . Municipal, county and state-owned parks provide access to waterfront landmarks and sites, including Croton Point in Croton, Kingsland Point in Sleepy Hollow and JFK Memorial Marina in Yonkers. The Hudson River waterfront in Westchester
14400-463: Was named after the city of Chester, England . The county seat is the city of White Plains , while the most populous municipality in the county is the city of Yonkers , with 211,569 residents per the 2020 census. The county is part of the Hudson Valley region of the state. The annual per capita income for Westchester was $ 67,813 in 2011. The 2011 median household income of $ 77,006 was
#73926