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151-531: The Promenade runs from the west end of Remsen Street to the west end of Orange Street and can additionally be accessed from Montague Street and Pierrepont Place and the west ends of Pierrepont Street, Clark Street and Pineapple Street. The need for a Brooklyn-Queens Expressway to connect the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens predated World War II . A link between the Gowanus Parkway in Brooklyn and

302-657: A 25-mile (40 km) radius of the Statue of Liberty. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were no road bridge or tunnel crossings between the two states. The initial tunnel crossings were completed privately by the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad in 1908 and 1909 ("Hudson Tubes"), followed by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1910 (" North River Tunnels "). Under an independent agency, the Holland Tunnel

453-485: A casualty of investigations into the " Bridgegate " scandal. Basil Paterson , father of former Governor David Paterson , served on the board from 1989–95, and again from 2013–14. The current commissioners are: On July 14, 2016, David Samson pleaded guilty to a felony for conspiring to impede an airport project to coerce United Airlines to reinstate a discontinued flight to an airport in South Carolina, near

604-470: A component of I-278. The conversion of Gowanus Expressway to a six-lane freeway configuration was completed in 1964 at a cost of $ 100 million (equivalent to $ 751 million in 2023 ). The NY 27A designation was removed from the Gowanus Expressway by 1970. By 2000, an HOV lane was added to the eastbound Gowanus Expressway to serve traffic heading toward Manhattan. Over the years,

755-596: A freeway connecting the Goethals and Verrazzano-Narrows bridges that was a part of a comprehensive system of freeways and parkways for the borough of Staten Island. In 1945, Robert Moses took over planning for the freeway and called it the Clove Lakes Expressway . The plan received approval in stages through the mid-1950s, and construction on the expressway began in 1959. By this time, the SIE had received

906-791: A home that he owned. He was appointed by Chris Christie. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey manages and maintains infrastructure critical to the New York/New Jersey region's trade and transportation network—five of the region's airports, the New York/New Jersey seaport, the PATH rail transit system, six tunnels and bridges between New York and New Jersey, the Port Authority Bus Terminal and George Washington Bridge Bus Station in Manhattan and The World Trade Center site. The Port of New York and New Jersey

1057-432: A major complex at the north end of Brooklyn Heights, lobbied hard for a route that would move the highway westward, to run along the water-fronting escarpment at the neighborhood's edge. Meanwhile, engineers with Andrews & Clark , the firm commissioned to build the highway, similarly concluded that the route along the escarpment was best, since an inland route would entail excessive condemnation costs. By March 10, 1943,

1208-643: A move that city officials said could prolong the viaduct's life by 20 years. The city also planned to ticket overweight vehicles. There was still no long-term plan for the viaduct by mid-2022, but three preliminary plans for the highway's reconstruction were announced in December 2022. NYCDOT formally presented the three plans to the public in February 2023, and city officials began issuing summonses to overweight vehicles in August of that year. In February 2024,

1359-488: A panel to formally evaluate each alternative and that the panel's evaluations would end by mid-2019. In February 2020, officials proposed a three-mile (4.8 km) tunnel from the Gowanus Expressway to Flushing Avenue. The proposal was expected to cost $ 11 billion, to be paid by tolls. In late 2021, the section between Atlantic Avenue and the Brooklyn Bridge was reduced from three to two lanes per direction,

1510-562: A piece of spot zoning simply protecting this particular view." Nevertheless, the city on June 25 did just that, limiting structures across from the Promenade to a height of 50 feet. It went further in 1974 by enacting a "Special Scenic District" that imagined a "view plane" for a protected view extending from the edge of the Promenade to a line roughly midway in the East River that no new structure could pierce. This remains in effect, and

1661-563: A promenade along the bluff of the Heights figures nowhere in the correspondence over the proposed highway. Other claims for and by Heights residents and others also lack documentation. One member of the Andrews & Clark team, the engineer S. Starr Walbridge , in 1982 claimed unequivocally that he had conceived both the cantilevering and the Promenade. However, the project's chief engineer, Ernest J. Clark , disputed his claim, contending that

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1812-657: A provision in the Constitution of the United States permitting interstate compacts . The idea for the Port Authority was conceived during the Progressive Era , which aimed at the reduction of political corruption and at increasing the efficiency of government. With the Port Authority at a distance from political pressures , it was able to carry longer-term infrastructure projects irrespective of

1963-406: A public walkway, had already been drawn up at Andrews & Clark. Demolition of the warehouses that lined the eastern, or inland, side of Furman Street began in the fall of 1946, and construction of a triple cantilever section followed for the next few years. The southern half of the Promenade was opened to the public on October 7, 1950, and the northern half on December 7, 1951. The highway itself

2114-505: A recently built marble courthouse. The news galvanized the leadership of the Brooklyn Heights Association, representing one of the city's more affluent and politically connected communities. Two men in particular, Roy M.D. Richardson , the association's president and a Wall Street corporate lawyer, and Ferdinand W. ("Fred") Nitardy, vice president for plant construction of Squibb Pharmaceuticals , which then had

2265-540: A spur of the expressway, the Richmond Parkway , to follow the central ridge of the island, connecting with the Outerbridge Crossing in the southwestern part of the island. However, there was massive local opposition to this spur, and, unlike previous projects by Moses, the northern half of the spur was canceled when Mayor John Lindsay took office in 1966. The southern half of this proposed spur

2416-987: A station on the Northeast Corridor rail line, and the AirTrain JFK system linking JFK with the Howard Beach subway station and the Jamaica subway and Long Island Rail Road stations . Major bus depots include the Port Authority Bus Terminal at 42nd Street , the George Washington Bridge Bus Station , and the Journal Square Transportation Center in Jersey City. The PANYNJ is a major stakeholder in

2567-585: A temporary six-lane highway in the location of the promenade while they repaired the underlying structure. Under this option, lanes would be widened, and shoulders would have been added. In conjunction with the project, NYCDOT hoped to unify Van Voorhees Park, improve safety at the interchange with Atlantic Avenue, and possibly build a pedestrian bridge from Brooklyn Bridge Park to the promenade. The other, more expensive option, which would cost $ 3.4 billion to $ 4 billion (equivalent to $ 4.06 billion to $ 4.78 billion in 2023 ) and take over eight years,

2718-573: A truck-only highway between Hamilton Avenue in Carroll Gardens and the Brooklyn Bridge. Under the plan, only the bottom level would be rebuilt and then be decked over by a linear park and boulevard. The report expected passenger vehicles to be diverted into the underused Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel, whose tolls might be lowered when congestion pricing in New York City was implemented. In early April, de Blasio announced that he would create

2869-506: A way to enhance the agency's power and prestige, and agreed to the project. The Port Authority was the overseer of the World Trade Center, hiring the architect Minoru Yamasaki and engineer Leslie Robertson . Yamasaki ultimately settled on the idea of twin towers. To meet the Port Authority's requirement to build 10 million square feet (930,000 m ) of office space, the towers would each be 110 stories tall. The size of

3020-645: A westbound interchange at 86th Street. Turning more to the north, I-278 comes to an partial interchange at 65th Street, with an exit eastbound and entrance eastbound. The road curves northwest at this point and comes to a directional interchange providing access to 3rd Avenue and the Belt Parkway. The Gowanus Expressway turns northeast again at the interchange with Belt Parkway, and it continues along an elevated alignment above Third Avenue, running through urban residential and commercial areas. Along this viaduct, I-278 has interchanges with 38th Street/39th Street and

3171-567: Is a joint venture between the U.S. states of New York and New Jersey , established in 1921 through an interstate compact authorized by the United States Congress . The Port Authority oversees much of the regional transportation infrastructure, including bridges, tunnels, airports, and seaports , within the geographical jurisdiction of the Port of New York and New Jersey . This 1,500-square-mile (3,900 km ) port district

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3322-756: Is an auxiliary Interstate Highway in New Jersey and New York in the United States. The road runs 35.62 miles (57.32 km) from US Route 1/9 (US 1/9) in Linden, New Jersey , northeast to the Bruckner Interchange in the New York City borough of the Bronx . The majority of I-278 is in New York City, where it serves as a partial beltway and passes through all five of the city's boroughs . I-278 follows several freeways, including

3473-857: Is generally encompassed within a 25-mile (40 km) radius of the Statue of Liberty National Monument . The Port Authority is headquartered at 4 World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan . The Port Authority operates the Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal , which consistently ranks among the largest ports in the United States by tonnage handled, and the largest on the Eastern Seaboard . The Port Authority also operates six bi-state crossings: three connecting New Jersey with Manhattan , and three connecting New Jersey with Staten Island . The Port Authority Bus Terminal and

3624-466: Is maintained by the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA), has six lanes on the lower level and seven lanes on the upper level which includes one HOV lane. In addition to local traffic on Staten Island, the expressway provides the most direct route from Brooklyn and Long Island to New Jersey. It is widely known throughout the New York City area as one of the most congested roads in

3775-855: Is not in danger of collapse. In 2019, the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) took over maintenance of the Gowanus Expressway from the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). The BQE was initially planned in 1936 as the Brooklyn–Queens Connecting Highway, a link between the Gowanus Parkway and the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge . The brief portion of I-278 on the Grand Central Parkway, connecting

3926-669: Is planned to be extended from its terminus at Newark Penn Station to a new Newark Liberty International Airport Station . The PANYNJ announced in March 2023 that it was deferring funding for the Newark Airport extension to a future capital plan. Another Port Authority project involves redeveloping LaGuardia Airport, replacing three existing terminals with a single terminal. Terminal B would be demolished and terminals C and D would be merged. Some 2 miles (3.2 km) of additional taxiways are to be built, and transportation around

4077-475: Is the largest port complex on the East Coast of North America. In 2021, Port Authority seaports handled the fourth largest amount of shipping among U.S. ports, measured in total tonnage. As of August 2022, the Port Authority led the country when considering only containers and not bulk materials such as petroleum and grain. The Port Authority operates the following seaports : The Port Authority operates

4228-407: Is the only such in the city, although another has been proposed for Battle Hill . The remaining warehouses were demolished in the late 1950s, opening up what still had been partly obstructed views. With the construction of Brooklyn Bridge Park , the foreground view from the Promenade was given a more landscape-like look. Gentrification continues along the Promenade's route. The Squibb Park Bridge

4379-785: The Bronx River Parkway . Continuing east, the road has an exit serving White Plains Road and Castle Hill Avenue. I-278's eastern terminus is at the Bruckner Interchange further to the east. Here, the Bruckner Expressway becomes I-95 and continues towards the New England Thruway. At this interchange, I-278 also has access to the Clearview Expressway ( I-295 ), the Hutchinson River Expressway ( I-678 ), and

4530-530: The Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel . restricted to buses, carpools, and vehicles with three or more occupants. On weekdays, this HOV lane carries eastbound traffic in the morning and westbound traffic in the afternoon. The lane is closed at other times, including certain New York City government holidays. The Gowanus Expressway continues northeast into urban residential neighborhoods and reaches an eastbound interchange at Fort Hamilton Parkway and

4681-609: The ExpressRail rail services within the seaport area, including dockside trackage and railyards for transloading . It interchanges with Conrail Shared Assets Operations (CRCX) on the Chemical Coast Secondary, Norfolk Southern (NS), CSX Transportation (CSX), and Canadian Pacific (CP). From January through October 2014 the system handled 391,596 rail lifts . As of 2014, three ExpressRail systems (Elizabeth, Newark, Staten Island) were in operation with

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4832-659: The Gateway Program . The program will upgrade the Northeast Corridor by building two new tunnels under the Hudson River paralleling the existing North River Tunnels , as well as connecting infrastructure. The Port Authority also owns and operates a network of shuttle buses on its airport properties. As of 2017, the agency operates 23 Orion buses at Newark Airport, 7 at LaGuardia Airport, and 40 at JFK Airport, all purchased in 2007 and 2009. The Port Authority also participates in joint development ventures around

4983-536: The George Washington Bridge , linking the northern part of Manhattan with Fort Lee, New Jersey , with Port Authority chief engineer, Othmar Ammann , overseeing the project. The bridge was completed in October 1931, ahead of schedule and well under the estimated costs. This efficiency exhibited by the Port Authority impressed President Franklin D. Roosevelt , who used this as a model in creating

5134-757: The Goethals Bridge , the Bayonne Bridge , and the Outerbridge Crossing , which connect Staten Island and New Jersey . They also maintain many entrances approaches to these crossings, such as the GWB Plaza and Lincoln Tunnel Helix . The Port Authority operates the PATH rapid transit system linking lower and midtown Manhattan with New Jersey, the AirTrain Newark system linking Newark International Airport with NJ Transit and Amtrak via

5285-870: The Hutchinson River Parkway itself. Legally, the New York section of I-278 is defined as part of Interstate Route Connector 512 and all of Interstate Route Connector 518 in New York Highway Law § 340-a. The New Jersey portion of freeway was planned in 1955 as the Union Freeway and designated as I-278 in 1958. It was to connect the Goethals Bridge west to I-78 at the tripoint of Springfield , Union Township , and Millburn . The western part of this planned freeway faced strong opposition. Even though it

5436-1052: The Metropolitan Transportation Authority operate along I-278: The S79 SBS , S53 and S93 local routes operate over the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge. In addition, the B24 local bus operates on the Kosciuszko Bridge; the Q70 SBS operates over a small section of the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway; and the M60 SBS operates on the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , ( PANYNJ ; stylized, in logo since 2020, as Port Authority NY NJ )

5587-590: The New York City Department of Transportation , makes a sharp turn to the east away from the East River and comes to an interchange serving the Brooklyn Bridge and Cadman Plaza . The freeway continues on an elevated alignment and makes a turn southeast as it comes to ramps accessing the Manhattan Bridge . As of 2022, the city portion is planned to be rebuilt. North of the bridges, the highway becomes state-maintained again and reaches at an exit serving Tillary Street and Flushing Avenue . At this point,

5738-563: The New York Port of Embarkation . The congestion at the port led experts to realize the need for a port authority to supervise the extremely complex system of bridges, highways, subways, and port facilities in the New York-New Jersey area. The solution was the 1921 creation of the Port Authority under the supervision of the governors of the two states. By issuing its own bonds, it was financially independent of either state;

5889-451: The PATH rail system are also run by the Port Authority, as well as LaGuardia Airport , John F. Kennedy International Airport , Newark Liberty International Airport , Teterboro Airport and Stewart International Airport . The agency has its own 2,100 member Port Authority Police Department . The Port of New York and New Jersey comprised the main point of embarkation for U.S. troops and supplies sent to Europe during World War I , via

6040-679: The Panama Canal Commission General George Washington Goethals , connected Elizabeth, New Jersey and Howland Hook, Staten Island . At the south end of Arthur Kill, the Outerbridge Crossing was built and named after the Port Authority's first chairman, Eugenius Harvey Outerbridge . Construction of both bridges was completed in 1928. The Bayonne Bridge , opened in 1931, was built across the Kill van Kull , connecting Staten Island with Bayonne, New Jersey . Construction began in 1927 on

6191-678: The Route ;24 interchange in Springfield, New Jersey . This was canceled because of opposition from the communities along the route. The segment that does exist in New Jersey was opened in 1969. There were also plans to extend I-78 east across Manhattan and into Brooklyn via the Williamsburg Bridge ; this would have been a second interchange between I-278 and its parent highway, but these plans were also thwarted. I-78

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6342-462: The South Jersey Transportation Authority , which leases the airport site from the FAA . JFK, LaGuardia, and Newark Liberty as a whole form the largest airport system in the United States, second in the world in terms of passenger traffic, and first in the world by total flight operations, with JFK being the 19th busiest in the world and the 6th busiest in the U.S. The Authority operated the Downtown Manhattan Heliport ( Manhattan , New York) until

6493-427: The State of New York to locate government offices at the World Trade Center. In August 1968, construction on the World Trade Center's north tower started, with construction on the south tower beginning in January 1969. When the World Trade Center twin towers were completed, the total cost to the Port Authority had reached $ 900   million. The buildings were dedicated on April 4, 1973, with Tobin, who had retired

6644-420: The Tennessee Valley Authority and other such entities. In 1930, the Holland Tunnel was placed under the control of the Port Authority, providing significant toll revenues. The Port Authority also controlled the Lincoln Tunnel , connecting New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan . The Lincoln Tunnel opened in 1937 as a single-tube tunnel; a second tube opened in 1945, and a third tube opened in 1957. In 1962,

6795-408: The Triborough Bridge in Queens was first proposed in 1936. In 1939, a topographical engineer with New York's then new City Planning Department mapped a route for such a highway that hewed quite closely to the East River waterfront of the two boroughs. Independently, New York City parks commissioner Robert Moses subsequently envisioned a somewhat more inland route. A proposal by Moses in 1941 to run

6946-492: The Union Freeway in Union County, New Jersey ; the Staten Island Expressway ( SIE ) across Staten Island ; the Gowanus Expressway in southern Brooklyn ; the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway ( BQE ) across Northern Brooklyn and Queens ; a small part of the Grand Central Parkway in Queens; and a part of the Bruckner Expressway in the Bronx. I-278 also crosses multiple bridges, including the Goethals , Verrazzano-Narrows , Kosciuszko , and Robert F. Kennedy bridges. I-278

7097-402: The World Trade Center site , the Port Authority has worked since 2001 on plans for reconstruction of the site, along with Silverstein Properties , and the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation . In 2006, the Port Authority reached a deal with Larry Silverstein , which ceded control of One World Trade Center to the Port Authority. The deal gave Silverstein rights to build three towers along

7248-450: The BQE and the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge, had opened in the 1930s. A part of the Brooklyn–Queens Connecting Highway, namely the Kosciuszko Bridge and the viaducts leading to the bridge, opened in 1939 between Meeker Avenue/Morgan Avenue and Queens Boulevard (NY 25). In 1940, Moses proposed an expressway between Queens and Brooklyn to relieve local streets of congestion from the Manhattan and Williamsburg bridges. The section between

7399-407: The BQE continues east through residential areas and turns northeast upon coming to the Wythe Avenue/Kent Avenue exit. The road passes through the Williamsburg neighborhood on a depressed alignment, reaching an interchange that serves the Williamsburg Bridge , with an exit at Metropolitan Avenue a short distance later. I-278 becomes elevated again as it passes through more neighborhoods and comes to

7550-420: The Board of Commissioners after an ethics investigation revealed that her attempt to intervene in a traffic stop for her daughter included what the Port Authority described as "profoundly disturbing" conduct. New Jersey police released a videotape of her attempting to leverage her position at the Port Authority to intimidate police officers, following a routine traffic stop of a vehicle in which her adult daughter

7701-412: The Brooklyn–Queens Expressway through the neighborhood was successfully opposed. This was in part due to the Brooklyn Eagle issue of September 19, 1942 having alarmed some residents of Brooklyn Heights with the front-page headline "Plan for Express Highway Is Shocking". The Eagle reported that the route proposed by Moses would bisect the neighborhood, even requiring at least the partial demolition of

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7852-422: The Bruckner Boulevard alignment in order to provide a connection between the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge and a freeway leading north into Westchester County . Moses took over planning for the road in 1951 and called for an elevated freeway between the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge and the Bronx River and a depressed freeway east of there. Construction on the elevated segment of the Bruckner Expressway began in 1957 and on

8003-464: The Bruckner Expressway past there) before the current numbering took place by 1970, with I-895 designated onto the Sheridan Expressway (which was subsequently downgraded to a state highway in 2017). The New Jersey segment of I-278 begins in Linden , Union County , at the junction with US 1 and US 9 ( US 1/9 ), where it merges into the southbound direction of that road. The freeway heads east and carries two lanes in each direction, with

8154-401: The Federal Highway Administration rejected the city's request for $ 800 million to redesign and rebuild the cantilever. By the next month, no design had been finalized, and the start date for the triple cantilever's reconstruction had been postponed to 2028. The Bruckner Expressway was originally Bruckner Boulevard, designated as part of NY 1A . In the 1930s, a freeway was planned on

8305-420: The Fort Lee entrances (used by local traffic from Fort Lee and surrounding communities) to the upper level on the George Washington Bridge , which connects to Manhattan , were reduced from three to one from September 9–13, 2013. The toll lane closures caused massive Fort Lee traffic back-ups, which affected public safety due to extensive delays by police and emergency service providers and disrupted schools due to

8456-405: The Goethals Bridge, opening to traffic in 1969 at a cost of $ 11.5 million (equivalent to $ 73.3 million in 2023 ). The Union Freeway Extension was revived in the late 1960s and was to start at US 1/9 but end at I-287 in Hanover Township , following Route 24 between I-78 and I-287. However, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) rejected the proposal in 1970, thus ending

8607-419: The Gowanus Expressway, from the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel to the Prospect Expressway ( NY 27 ), was opened in May 1950. The freeway was initially planned to be twelve lanes, with two three-lane roadways in each direction, but it was ultimately reduced to a six-lane highway to reduce disruption to the Bay Ridge neighborhood. The Gowanus Expressway was incorporated into the Interstate Highway System and became

8758-500: The I-278 designation. The construction of the SIE was particularly noted for the massive movement of earth required to build the section of the highway between Clove Road and Price Street (now Narrows Road North, a service road of the expressway) between Grymes Hill and Emerson Hill . The earth removed from the cut in the hill was placed in a remote section of central Staten Island adjacent to Sea View Hospital and has since been nicknamed "Moses Mountain". Originally, Moses intended for

8909-428: The I-278 project. The original four-lane Goethals Bridge, which predated the I-278 designation, was replaced with two new three-lane cable-stayed bridges , each carrying traffic in one direction. The new eastbound bridge opened to both directions of traffic in June 2017, and westbound traffic was shifted to the new westbound bridge in May 2018. The SIE was first planned in 1941 as the Cross-Richmond Express Highway,

9060-410: The Kosciuszko and Williamsburg bridges opened on May 25, 1950. A further extension between the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel and the Brooklyn Bridge, which included the Brooklyn Heights Promenade , was opened on June 23, 1954, connecting to the Gowanus Expressway. This was followed by a mile-long (1.6 km) section between the Williamsburg Bridge and Flushing Avenue on September 1, 1958. Two sections of

9211-506: The Manhattan and Williamsburg bridges using the triple cantilever structure, which would be tolled. At the same time, the Brooklyn Heights Promenade was deteriorating significantly and was set to undergo renovations starting 2020. The structure is supported by steel rods inside rebar, which is corroding due to the seeping of road salt into widening cracks. If nothing was done on the roadway by 2026, weight restrictions would have to be implemented, with trucks diverted to local roads, and, by 2036,

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9362-467: The New Jersey Turnpike, Conrail Shared Assets Operations ' (CSAO) Chemical Coast Secondary line, a Staten Island Railway freight line that is used by CSAO, industrial areas, CSAO's Bayway Industrial Track line, and finally Arthur Kill on the six-lane Goethals Bridge into Staten Island , a borough of New York City . This bridge is maintained by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ). Upon coming onto Staten Island, I-278 becomes

9513-434: The Northeast Corridor. Along this section, there is a westbound exit and eastbound entrance for East 138th Street. Sheridan Boulevard ( NY 895 ) splits from the eastbound direction of I-278 as the Bruckner Expressway makes a turn to the east into residential and commercial neighborhoods on a surface alignment, crossing the Bronx River on a drawbridge . The road has an interchange at Hunts Point Avenue before coming to

9664-416: The Port Authority absorbed the bankrupt Hudson & Manhattan Railroad and reorganized it as Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) . As part of the deal, the Port Authority acquired the rights to build the original World Trade Center on the site of the old Hudson Terminal , one of two terminals in Manhattan for H&M/PATH. In 1942, Austin J. Tobin became the executive director of the Port Authority. In

9815-406: The Port Authority centered on tax issues. A final agreement was made that the Port Authority would make annual payments in lieu of taxes, for the 40% of the World Trade Center leased to private tenants. The remaining space was to be occupied by state and federal government agencies. In 1962, the Port Authority signed the United States Customs Service as a tenant, and in 1964 they signed a deal with

9966-399: The Port Authority for operating purposes. Newark Liberty is owned by the cities of Elizabeth and Newark and is also leased to the Authority. In 2007, Stewart International Airport , owned by the State of New York , was leased to the Port Authority. The Port Authority officially took over select management functions of the Atlantic City International Airport on July 1, 2013, in conjunction with

10117-533: The Port Authority's policies. Under an informal power-sharing agreement, the governor of New Jersey chooses the chairman of the board and the deputy executive director, while the governor of New York selects the vice chairman and executive director. The Port Authority is headquartered at 4 World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan . The agency was headquartered at 1 World Trade Center in the first World Trade Center complex, where it occupied 22,411 square feet (2,082.1 m ) of space. It had been headquartered in

10268-400: The Promenade to be closed for six years and would cost $ 3.2 to $ 3.6 billion. Temporary viewing areas would be set up while the Promenade was being repaired, and at the conclusion of the project, part of the temporary highway would be converted into a widened promenade area. The other option was to repair the existing 3-lane highway below the Promenade one lane at a time. This would only require

10419-427: The Promenade to be closed for two years, and parts of the Promenade would stay open during construction, but reconstruction of the BQE itself would take at least 8 years and cost $ 3.4 to $ 4.0 billion. Because of sizable opposition to the cheaper option, mayor Bill de Blasio later stated that his administration was open to considering other ideas, including routing the expressway over the Brooklyn Bridge Park, slightly to

10570-418: The Prospect Expressway ( NY 27 ). After the interchange with the Prospect Expressway (NY 27), the freeway widens to eight lanes and heads north, coming to an interchange with the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel approach (officially the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel, I-478), with the exit ramps splitting from the median of I-278. Westbound access to the tunnel is provided by the Hamilton Avenue exit. In this area,

10721-416: The Robert F. Kennedy Bridge carries the route over the Bronx Kill into the Bronx , where westbound tolls are collected electronically. In the Bronx, I-278 becomes the Bruckner Expressway and reaches an interchange with the Major Deegan Expressway ( I-87 ). At this point, the Bruckner Expressway heads northeast on a six-lane elevated alignment through industrial areas with some residences, paralleling

10872-556: The SIE. After the Goethals Bridge, the highway passes under the Travis Branch railroad line that is owned by the Staten Island Railway and operated by CSAO and has a toll plaza serving the bridge. At this point, the freeway becomes eight lanes and maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT), coming to an exit for Western and Forest avenues before reaching a directional interchange with

11023-513: The Sheridan Expressway and I-678 from there to I-95. Later, I-278 was planned to follow the Bruckner Expressway from I-87 to the Sheridan Expressway, where it would continue on that freeway to I-95, while the Bruckner Expressway was not designated an Interstate north of there. By 1970, I-278 was routed onto its current alignment, with I-895 (now NY 895) created along the Sheridan Expressway. Multiple express buses operated by

11174-636: The WTC complex beginning in 1973. After the previous headquarters were destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks , the Port Authority moved into 225 Park Avenue South in Midtown Manhattan , with employees divided between offices in New York and New Jersey, before returning to the World Trade Center in 2015. Financially, the Port Authority has no power to tax and does not receive tax money from any local or state governments. Instead, it operates on

11325-690: The West Shore Expressway ( New York State Route 440 (NY 440). NY 440 forms a concurrency with I-278, and the road heads into residential neighborhoods. The road carries four lanes eastbound and three lanes westbound as it comes to the exit serving Richmond Avenue . Immediately after, NY 440 splits from the SIE at a large interchange, heading north on the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Expressway. This interchange also provides access to Victory Boulevard . East of this point,

11476-409: The World Trade Center. Eighty-four employees, including 37 Port Authority police officers, its executive director, Neil D. Levin , and police superintendent, Fred V. Morrone , died. In rescue efforts following the collapse, two Port Authority police officers, John McLoughlin and Will Jimeno , were pulled out alive after spending nearly 24 hours beneath 30 feet (9.1 m) of rubble. Their rescue

11627-403: The airports into fee-generating facilities, adding stores and restaurants. David Rockefeller , president of Chase Manhattan Bank , envisioned a World Trade Center for lower Manhattan . Realizing that he needed public funding in order to construct the massive project, he approached Tobin. Although many questioned the Port Authority's entry into the real estate market, Tobin saw the project as

11778-415: The attack. The Port Authority was ruled to be negligent. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 , and the subsequent collapse of the World Trade Center buildings impacted the Port Authority. With the Port Authority's headquarters located in 1 World Trade Center, it became deprived of a base of operations and sustained a great number of casualties. An estimated 1,400 Port Authority employees worked in

11929-519: The bonds were paid off from tolls and fees, not from taxes. It became one of the major agencies of the metropolitan area for large-scale projects. Early bond issues were tied to specific projects, but this changed in 1935 when the Authority issued General and Refunding bonds with a claim on its general revenues. In the early years of the 20th century, there were disputes between the states of New Jersey and New York over rail freights and boundaries. At

12080-526: The bridge. Formerly, the frontage road of the Grand Central Parkway between the BQE and the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge served as a truck route, since large trucks are not permitted on the parkway. Exemptions are provided for smaller trucks that conform with strict regulations, but only on the section of the Grand Central Parkway that overlaps with I-278. In December 2017, the state concluded a $ 2.5-million (equivalent to $ 3.06 million in 2023 ) project that lowered

12231-548: The bus lanes were opened to high-occupancy vehicles during rush hours. In July 2008, officials announced a $ 50-million (equivalent to $ 69.5 million in 2023 ) project to improve the severe traffic conditions on a 1.8-mile (2.9 km) stretch of the expressway. Included in the project is the construction of six new on- and offramps, improvements to and relocations of existing on- and offramps, and other improvements to surrounding roads. This followed numerous minor alterations to alleviate traffic, such as time/distance displays and

12382-464: The cantilevers, agreed with Clark's view. In 1953 a new concern arose when it was learned that the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey , which owned the warehouses still lining the west, or harbor, side of Furman Street, wished to reserve the right to replace them with structures up to 70 feet in height, or 20 feet higher than the level of the Promenade. The prospective loss of views from

12533-512: The city has grown around them and it's not an option to just say we can't deal with that traffic." City Council Speaker Corey Johnson called for the city to study alternatives, including the removal of the BQE in its entirety, in his State of the City address . On March 13, 2019, Stringer issued a plan calling for converting the triple cantilever structure and the open cut in Cobble Hill into

12684-593: The city was having difficulties maintaining the status quo, losing money and unable to undertake needed expansions. The city was looking to hand the airports over to a public authority , possibly to Robert Moses ' Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority . After long negotiations with the City of New York, a 50-year lease, commencing on May 31, 1947, went to the Port Authority of New York to rehabilitate, develop, and operate La Guardia Airport (La Guardia Field), John F. Kennedy International Airport (Idlewild Airport), and Floyd Bennett Field . The Port Authority transformed

12835-545: The city would have to shut down this section of the BQE. In late 2018, NYSDOT proposed rebuilding the double-decker, 1.5-mile (2.4 km) section of I-278 running under the Brooklyn Heights Promenade, which had deteriorated severely over the years. Two options were proposed. The cheaper option, which would cost $ 3.3 billion to $ 3.6 billion (equivalent to $ 3.94 billion to $ 4.3 billion in 2023 ) and take six years, entailed building

12986-552: The city. After the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, I-278 continues into Brooklyn on the Gowanus Expressway. Immediately after the bridge, the freeway comes to an eastbound exit and westbound entrance for the Belt Parkway . After this, a full interchange serves 92nd Street at which point I-278 becomes a single-level six-lane freeway. Soon after, one of the eastbound lanes becomes an HOV lane, continuing east to

13137-537: The construction of a fourth at Port Jersey underway. The Port Authority operates New York New Jersey Rail, LLC (NYNJ), a switching and terminal railroad operating a car float operation across Upper New York Bay between the Greenville Yard in Jersey City and Brooklyn. The Port Authority operates the following airports: Both Kennedy and LaGuardia airports are owned by the City of New York and leased to

13288-586: The core mission of supporting transportation infrastructure. Major projects by the Port Authority include One World Trade Center and other construction at the World Trade Center site . Other projects include a new passenger terminal at JFK International Airport, and redevelopment of Newark Liberty International Airport's Terminal B, and replacement of the Goethals Bridge. The Port Authority also has plans to buy 340 new PATH cars and begin major expansion of Stewart International Airport. As owner of

13439-489: The date of a hearing before the City Planning Commission, the outer, or Furman Street, route had been settled on. The proposal presented at the hearing was for two roadways of three lanes each in either direction to be built side-by-side on top of the Heights escarpment. A plea by Nitardy at the hearing for the highway to be built on two separate decks with a "cover" on which he could restore his rear garden

13590-427: The delayed arrivals of students and teachers. Two Port Authority officials (who were appointed by Christie and would later resign) claimed that reallocating two of the toll lanes from the local Fort Lee entrance to the major highways was due to a traffic study evaluating "traffic safety patterns" at the bridge, but the executive director of the Port Authority was unaware of a traffic study. As of March 2014 ,

13741-549: The depressed segment in 1959. The depressed portion was opened in 1961 while the elevated portion of the Bruckner Expressway was opened in 1962. In 1972, the large Bruckner Interchange was finished, completing the route. Over the years, the I-278 portion of the Bruckner Expressway has had different designations. When the Interstate Highway System was first created, the road was to be part of I-895 from I-87 to

13892-404: The design was a team effort and had "evolved" through considering various means of supporting the highway and testing their stresses and appearance. The firm's artist Julian Michele, the man who did the renderings of the designs and whom Walbridge cited for corroboration, declined comment. Another engineer, Phillips H. Lovering , who was credited with mathematically working out the precise shapes of

14043-483: The designated bus lanes. Construction started in November 2010, with the project then expected to cost $ 75 million (equivalent to $ 102 million in 2023 ). A new exit 15, which served Lily Pond Avenue and Bay Street on the eastern end of Staten Island, opened to traffic on July 9, 2012, replacing a former exit further to the east. Signage was also changed to display Fingerboard Road and Lily Pond Avenue as

14194-582: The eastbound direction widening to three lanes. I-278 runs between urban residential areas to the north and the Bayway Refinery to the south as it continues into Elizabeth . In this area, the road meets Route 439 and the New Jersey Turnpike ( I-95 ) at the only intermediate interchange that I-278 has in New Jersey. This short length is sometimes called the Union Freeway. After this interchange, I-278 turns southeast and crosses

14345-639: The eastern side of the site, including 150 Greenwich Street , 175 Greenwich Street , and 200 Greenwich Street . Also part of the plans was the World Trade Center Transportation Hub , which opened in March 2016 and replaced the temporary PATH station that opened in November 2003. The Port Authority began construction of a new terminal at Newark Airport in June 2017. The new facility will replace Terminal A and will open in 2022. The PATH 's Newark–World Trade Center train route

14496-429: The election cycles and in a more efficient manner. In 1972 it was renamed the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey to better reflect its status as a partnership between the two states. Throughout its history, there have been concerns about democratic accountability , or lack thereof at the Port Authority. The Port District is irregularly shaped but comprises a 1,500-square-mile (3,900 km ) area roughly within

14647-543: The exit for Broadway and Roosevelt Avenue . I-278 heads back onto a viaduct and comes to a single-point urban interchange at Northern Boulevard ( NY 25A ). A short distance past Northern Boulevard (NY 25A), the freeway splits into east and west segments with four lanes each that respectively merge into the Grand Central Parkway east- and westbound. Astoria Boulevard is accessible from either leg. Both legs receive Interstate funding, though only

14798-504: The expressway gains a bus lane in each direction. The six-lane I-278 turns to the east past this point, with Gannon Avenue South and Gannon Avenue North serving as frontage roads , and reaches the Bradley Avenue exit. The next interchange the SIE is with Todt Hill Road and Slosson Avenue. This exchange was the original terminal of the bus lane in each direction that also serves as a high-occupancy vehicle lane (HOV lane) that

14949-590: The expressway opened on August 26, 1959: a segment between the Brooklyn Bridge and Tillary Street in Brooklyn and between the Grand Central Parkway and Roosevelt Avenue in Queens. The expressway between Tillary Street and Flushing Avenue , around the Brooklyn Navy Yard , was opened shortly thereafter on January 6, 1960. The road in its entirety was completed on December 23, 1964 at a cost of $ 137 million (equivalent to $ 1.03 billion in 2023 ), with

15100-527: The expressway, the two-tiered promenade section in Brooklyn Heights that was designed by Moses, was originally planned to go straight through Hicks Street, then connect to the Brooklyn Bridge at Adams Street. Another route that was proposed by Moses would have continued up Hicks Street past Atlantic Avenue , removing all the buildings on one side of Court Street, then curving east into Tillary Street (at Cadman Plaza ). The Brooklyn Heights Association

15251-571: The freeway has is with Hylan Boulevard . A short distance later, the SIE comes to a large interchange that serves Lily Pond Avenue and Bay Street. Immediately after, I-278 reaches the former toll plaza for the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge , where electronic toll collection is in effect. Following the toll plaza area, I-278 goes onto the Verrazzano Bridge linking to Brooklyn over The Narrows . This bridge, which

15402-541: The freeway makes a turn to the east, passing over homes before crossing over New Calvary Cemetery. The road turns northeast through more urban neighborhoods and reaches an interchange at Queens Boulevard ( NY 25 ). At this point, I-278 becomes city-maintained again and passes under the Long Island Rail Road 's Main Line as it continues into a depressed alignment. The BQE turns north as it approaches

15553-681: The freeway passes over the Gowanus Canal , an extremely polluted canal that was once used for shipping. The site has been designated a Superfund site by the Environmental Protection Agency . After the exit for the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel, I-278 heads north onto the six-lane BQE, passing through urban neighborhoods near Downtown Brooklyn on a depressed alignment. The next interchange the highway reaches serves Atlantic Avenue . After Atlantic Avenue,

15704-481: The highway heads north through Wards Island Park and passes to the east of Manhattan Psychiatric Center as it passes over the border onto Randalls Island , which is connected to Wards Island by land. I-278 passes through the bridge's former toll plaza before an interchange that provides access to FDR Drive by way of another segment of the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge over the Harlem River . After this interchange,

15855-514: The interchange with 31st Street, and I-278 continues northwest along the tolled, eight-lane Robert F. Kennedy Bridge , which passes over Astoria. Eastbound tolls are collected electronically at this point. I-278 crosses the East River on the Robert F. Kennedy Bridge, which maintained by the TBTA . It then enters Wards Island , which is a part of the borough of Manhattan . On Wards Island,

16006-682: The interchange with Humboldt Street/ McGuinness Boulevard . The BQE enters more industrial areas as it comes to the Meeker Avenue/Morgan Avenue exit. I-278 crosses the Newtown Creek into Queens on the Kosciuszko Bridge . Upon entering Queens, the BQE runs north between residential neighborhoods to the east and Calvary Cemetery to the west before coming to an interchange with the LIE ( I-495 ). After I-495,

16157-510: The lease expired in August 2007 but continued to operate it until the next leasee took over. The Authority had operated the other heliports in Manhattan but gave up leases for all of them over the years. The Port Authority manages every crossing between New York City and New Jersey, which include the George Washington Bridge , the Lincoln Tunnel , and the Holland Tunnel , which all connect Manhattan and Northern New Jersey, as well as

16308-466: The members of the agency's Board of Commissioners and retain the right to veto the actions of the commissioners from their own state. Each governor appoints six members to the Board of Commissioners , who are subject to state senate confirmation and serve overlapping six-year terms without pay. An executive director is appointed by the board of commissioners to deal with day-to-day operations and to execute

16459-651: The memorial ready for the 10th anniversary. A former attorney for the PANYNJ who worked on 9/11 related issues is now on the federal bench, Angel Kelley . The Fort Lee lane closure scandal was a US political scandal that concerns New Jersey Governor Chris Christie 's staff and his Port Authority political appointees conspiring to create a traffic jam in Fort Lee, New Jersey as political retribution, and their attempts to cover up these actions and suppress internal and public disclosures. Dedicated toll lanes for one of

16610-490: The opening of a mile-long (1.6 km) underpass connecting Queens Boulevard with Roosevelt Avenue. The major interchange with the Long Island Expressway was rebuilt in 1966 for $ 32.7 million (equivalent to $ 235 million in 2023 ). The construction of the BQE, overseen by Moses, tore through many residential neighborhoods in Brooklyn and Queens instead of following the East River. One portion of

16761-399: The outlet for the new exit, rather than Lily Pond Avenue and Bay Street. On January 17, 2013, westbound exit 13 was permanently closed in favor of a new interchange setup, which involved two new ramps: exit 13B for Richmond Road and Targee Street and exit 13A for Clove Road. The Gowanus Expressway was initially the Gowanus Parkway, first planned in the 1930s. Construction of

16912-404: The post- World War II period, the Port Authority expanded its operations to include airports, and marine terminals , with projects including Newark Liberty International Airport and Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminals . Meanwhile, the city-owned La Guardia Field was nearing capacity in 1939 and needed expensive upgrades and expansion. At the time, airports were operated as loss leaders , and

17063-482: The project raised ire from the owner of the Empire State Building , which would lose its title of tallest building in the world. Other critics objected to the idea of this much "subsidized" office space going on the open market, competing with the private sector. Others questioned the cost of the project, which in 1966 had risen to $ 575   million. Final negotiations between The City of New York and

17214-409: The project was canceled in March 2023 after several years of delays. The Port Authority is also planning to redevelop the entirety of John F. Kennedy International Airport, replacing four existing terminals with two new terminals at a cost of $ 11   billion. Roadway access, as well as train capacity on the AirTrain JFK , would be expanded. Under the plan, the first gates would open in 2023, and

17365-472: The project, $ 1.7 billion in city funding was allocated, with the remainder to be footed from the state and federal governments. Because of sizable opposition to demolishing the promenade, mayor Bill de Blasio later stated that his administration was open to considering other ideas, including routing the expressway over Brooklyn Bridge Park . Hundreds of people, including Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams and City Comptroller Scott Stringer, rallied on

17516-413: The promenade, calling for more public review. Local residents are strongly opposed to the construction of the temporary six-lane highway as it would run right up against their homes. In response, the Brooklyn Heights Association came up with an alternate plan, which called for the construction of a temporary bilevel roadway running besides the promenade on land including a parking lot. Support for reducing

17667-428: The public interest. The Harbor Development Commission, a joint advisory board set-up in 1917, recommended that a bi-state authority be established to oversee efficient economic development of the port district. The Port of New York Authority was established on April 30, 1921, through an interstate compact between the states of New Jersey and New York . This was the first such agency in the United States, created under

17818-814: The region, including the Teleport business park on Staten Island , Bathgate Industrial Park in the Bronx , the Industrial Park at Elizabeth, the Essex County Resource Recovery Facility , Newark Legal Center , Queens West in Long Island City , and the South Waterfront in Hoboken . However, by April 2015, the agency was considering divesting itself of the properties to raise revenue and return to

17969-416: The repercussions and controversy surrounding these actions continue to be under investigation by the Port Authority, federal prosecutors, and a New Jersey legislature committee. The Port Authority's chairman, David Samson , who was appointed by Governor Christie, resigned on March 28, 2014, amid allegations of his involvement in the scandal and other controversies. In April 2018, Caren Turner resigned from

18120-541: The revenues it makes from its rents, tolls, fees, and facilities. Meetings of the Board of Commissioners are public. Members of the public may address the Board at these meetings, subject to a prior registration process via email. Public records of the Port Authority may be requested via the Office of the Secretary according to an internal Freedom of Information policy which is intended to be consistent with and similar to

18271-676: The road runs along the East River harbor in Downtown Brooklyn/ Brooklyn Heights and is partially covered to create the Brooklyn Heights Promenade . As of October 2021 , the roadway has been reduced to two lanes in each direction between Atlantic Avenue and the Brooklyn Bridge as part of efforts to extend the life of the roadway and meet modern safety standards for lane width and shoulders. I-278, at this point maintained by

18422-543: The road, overseen by Robert Moses, started in 1939, with the parkway being built on top of the BMT Third Avenue Line . The parkway was completed in 1941 and became part of the Belt Parkway that received the NY ;27A designation. The Gowanus Parkway was to be reconstructed into the Gowanus Expressway in the 1950s to connect the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge to the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel. The first segment of

18573-454: The roadbed of the section of the parkway that is concurrent with I-278. This section of I-278 now has a 14-foot (4.3 m) vertical clearance, which allows most trucks to stay on I-278. In late 2024, the NYCDOT began considering a plan to construct freeway caps above parts of the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway, as well as converting the spaces under the expressway into public plazas. In 1999,

18724-599: The segment of I-278 between the Williamsburg Bridge and the Major Deegan Expressway , but this ultimately became a part of I-278. Additionally, the Bruckner Expressway portion of I-278 had been designated with different route numbers. At first, it was to be I-895 between I-87 and the Sheridan Expressway and I-678 past there. Later, I-278 was planned to follow the Bruckner Expressway and the Sheridan Expressway to I-95 (with no route number for

18875-517: The size of or tearing down the BQE increased, with articles in New York and The Wall Street Journal calling for the removal of the highway. They noted how the removal of highways in other cities improved local neighborhoods and led to economic development. Commissioner Trottenberg had dismissed calls to tear down the highway saying that the city got most of its freight by truck and that "For better or for worse, these Moses-built highways [...] now

19026-459: The state Freedom of Information policies of both New York and New Jersey. Members of the Board of Commissioners are typically business titans and political power brokers who maintain close relationships with their respective governors. On February 3, 2011, former New Jersey Attorney General David Samson was named the new chairman of the Port Authority by New Jersey Governor Chris Christie. Gov. Christie announced Samson's resignation in March 2016,

19177-490: The still-new Promenade caused an outpouring of protest unprecedented for that time, and a rare "town hall" meeting was held at Brooklyn's Borough Hall on May 7, 1953. Among officials on the dais were Cashmore, Moses, and Austin Tobin, executive director of the Port Authority. They met the audience's questions and demands with evasiveness. Moses afterward responded to a letter questioning his position by writing, "The city cannot do

19328-505: The terminals would be reorganized. The redevelopment is expected to cost $ 7.6   billion in total. Construction started in 2016, and the first part of the new terminal opened in 2021, with completion in 2026. As part of the reconstruction, the AirTrain LGA people mover system was to have been built between the airport and Willets Point, Queens . The AirTrain was supposed to start construction in 2020 and be completed by 2022, but

19479-581: The think tank Reason Foundation proposed placing the BQE within Brooklyn Heights in a tunnel. However, NYCDOT did not seriously consider this suggestion until 2016 when it studied six possible tunnel configurations. NYCDOT found that only the tunnel option starting at 21st Street on Third Avenue and ending near Kent Avenue in Williamsburg would be feasible. This option would have served as a bypass, with vehicles heading to Downtown Brooklyn, or

19630-559: The time, rail lines terminated on the New Jersey side of the harbor, while ocean shipping was centered on Manhattan and Brooklyn. Freight had to be shipped across the Hudson River in barges. In 1916, New Jersey launched a lawsuit against New York over issues of rail freight, with the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) issuing an order that the two states work together, subordinating their own interests to

19781-485: The viaduct structure of the Gowanus Expressway has deteriorated. In 1998, a $ 16-million (equivalent to $ 27.9 million in 2023 ) feasibility study for a tunnel for the Gowanus Expressway was awarded. NYSDOT was considering putting the road in a tunnel, but, in November 2011, the FHWA canceled the project. The viaduct's vertical steel supports show material missing due to rust, but the federal government has stated that it

19932-478: The viaduct within Downtown Brooklyn and Fort Greene . Simultaneously, the Queens section of the BQE between Queens Boulevard and 25th Avenue was also renovated. The Koscisuzko Bridge was replaced from 2014 to 2017 with a new eastbound span that temporarily served both directions of traffic. A second span of the Kosciuszko Bridge opened in 2019 for westbound traffic, adding more lanes to the BQE across

20083-473: The west. The Promenade has appeared in the movies Annie Hall , Moonstruck , and They Came Together among others. Type O Negative and Carnivore frontman Peter Steele worked as a supervisor at the Promenade between the early 1980s and 1994. Notes Further reading 40°41′51″N 73°59′50″W  /  40.6975°N 73.9973°W  / 40.6975; -73.9973 Brooklyn-Queens Expressway Interstate 278 ( I-278 )

20234-488: The western leg is signed as part of I-278. I-278 turns west to run along the eight-lane state-maintained Grand Central Parkway , with Astoria Boulevard (and Hoyt Avenue later on) serving as a frontage road. The road runs along a depressed alignment, passing under Amtrak 's Northeast Corridor , then the New York City Subway 's BMT Astoria Line at 31st Street. The Grand Central Parkway overlap ends at

20385-478: The year before, absent from the ceremonies. In 1986, the Port Authority sold rights to the World Trade Center name for $ 10 to an organization run by an outgoing executive, Guy F. Tozzoli . He in turn made millions of dollars selling the use of the name in up to 28 different states. After the 1993 World Trade Center bombing , the Port Authority was sued by survivors of the attack for negligence in not making security upgrades to known flaws that could have prevented

20536-602: Was a passenger. Her case was referred to New Jersey's Ethics Commission. In May 2024, the Authority transferred ownership of the Brooklyn Port Authority Marine Terminal & Red Hook Container Terminal to the City of New York in exchange for ownership of the Howland Hook Marine Terminal on Staten Island. The Port Authority is jointly controlled by the governors of New York and New Jersey , who appoint

20687-438: Was able to fight these proposed routes, which created the two-tiered section above Furman Street with the promenade over it. Several tunnels were later proposed to replace the promenade, but none of the tunnel proposals were supported or funded. In 1958, existing segments of the expressway were eligible for Interstate Highway funding. For a short time, the segment of highway between the Robert F. Kennedy and Williamsburg bridges

20838-568: Was also planned to extend east beyond I-278 to John F. Kennedy International Airport , and then curve northward on the Clearview Expressway , ending at the Bruckner Interchange in the Bronx. If these plans were fully completed, I-78 and I-278 would have met at three interchanges. Two segments of I-278 have had different route number designations formerly planned or designated for it. I-87 was once planned to follow

20989-414: Was built in 2005. After Todt Hill Road and Slosson Avenue, I-278 runs through a wooded area where it comes to an incomplete interchange that was to be the northern terminus of the Richmond Parkway . The road continues back into residential areas and comes to an interchange serving Clove Road and Richmond Road. Past this, I-278 passes over the Staten Island Railway rapid transit line. The next interchange

21140-492: Was built, however. The aborted section, from the expressway to Richmond Avenue, has become a part of the Staten Island Greenbelt , one of New York City's public parks. A ramp stub of an interchange on the expressway, cut into the hills of Todt Hill , still exists. Part of the trail system of the greenbelt was using the abandoned overpass bridge as pedestrian crossing of the expressway up until 2013, when it

21291-481: Was constructed in 2013 to provide access between the promenade and park, but was rebuilt between 2019 and 2020 due to various structural issues. In 2017 the New York City Department of Transportation initiated a project to repair the section with a planned start in 2020 or 2021. Over time, the Promenade has deteriorated due to deterioration in its rebar structure. It was estimated that if nothing

21442-514: Was dismantled for lane widening improvements. The first link of the SIE opened in January 1964, from the Goethals Bridge to Victory Boulevard . The remainder opened later that year. The freeway had a total cost of $ 47 million (equivalent to $ 353 million in 2023 ). In 1998, bus lanes were created on the eastern part of the SIE near the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge; they were extended west to Todt Hill Road/Slosson Avenue in 2005. In 2008,

21593-443: Was done, vehicle weight restrictions would be placed on the expressway below it by 2026, and the Promenade section of the BQE would need to completely close for reconstruction by 2036. In fall 2018, the New York City Department of Transportation proposed two options. The cheapest option was to build a temporary 6-lane highway in the location of the Promenade while they repaired the underlying structure and BQE. This option would require

21744-469: Was heard with seeming sympathy by Moses. Moses agreed to the idea of the cover, but then, a month after the hearing, Brooklyn Borough President John Cashmore , whose office was in charge of the project, informed Nitardy by letter that the adopted plan "would preclude the use by you of the deck" above the highway, which would instead become a public esplanade. Moses betrayed no hint that a similar plan, with two highway decks covered, not by private gardens but by

21895-414: Was later portrayed in the 2006 Oliver Stone film World Trade Center . Future Executive Director Christopher O. Ward was at the World Trade Center on 9/11, and is a survivor of the attack. Ward was Chief of External Affairs & Director of Port Development under Neil Levin at the time. As the executive director from 2008 to 2011, he is credited with turning around Ground Zero construction and having

22046-447: Was not ready for traffic until 1954. Apprehensions by many Brooklyn Heights residents that the Promenade as a public attraction would bring noisy disruptions and crime to the area were soon dissipated as it became a popular destination for residents and tourists alike. With the Promenade's success, various claims were made for who originated the idea. A proposal by the landowner and early developer Hezekiah Pierrepont in about 1827 for

22197-525: Was opened in 1927, with some planning and construction pre-dating the Port Authority. With the rise in automobile traffic, there was demand for more Hudson River crossings. Using its ability to issue bonds and collect revenue, the Port Authority has built and managed major infrastructure projects. Early projects included bridges across the Arthur Kill , which separates Staten Island from New Jersey. The Goethals Bridge , named after chief engineer of

22348-527: Was opened in pieces from the 1930s through the 1960s. Some of its completed segments predated the Interstate Highway System and are thus not up to standards , and portions of I-278 have been upgraded over the years. In New York, the various parts of I-278 were planned by Robert Moses , an urban planner in New York City. The segments proposed tore through many New York City neighborhoods, causing controversy. Despite its number, I-278 does not connect to I-78 . There were once plans to extend I-278 west to I-78 east of

22499-537: Was to be designated I-87 and continue north as the Major Deegan Expressway. By 1959, the I-278 designation was given to the entire length of the highway. Since the roadway was constructed prior to modern expressway standards, the road needed to be upgraded to meet these standards. By the 1990s, a major multiyear project beginning in the 1980s brought upgrades to the BQE. In the early 2000s, the expressway underwent another upgrade project that replaced

22650-407: Was to repair the existing six-lane highway one lane at a time. The promenade walkway would be closed for up to six years under the first option and for two years under the second option, with periodic closures for construction use. The NYCDOT commissioner, Polly Trottenberg , called the project "the most challenging project not only in New York City, but arguably in the United States right now". For

22801-548: Was to run along an abandoned railroad right-of-way , it would traverse through dense development in Roselle Park , Kenilworth , and Union Township, thereby making the project further disliked. By 1967, state officials decided not to pursue the continuation of I-278 and used the funds for I-278 to build I-195 across Central Jersey instead. The only section of I-278 in New Jersey was built between US 1/9 in Linden and

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