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96-651: The Yamato Kingship refers to the regime that emerged in the Nara region ( Yamato region ) since the 4th century . But the term does not imply the origin of Japan , which is disputed in Japanese history . At the same time as the rise of the Nara Kingship , there were probably several or even dozens of power centers in the Japanese archipelago. This is an issue that Japanese academia attaches great importance to. In

192-454: A 'royal lineage' already existed or not is left to future research." Yamao himself is cautious about using the term "Yamato kingship". Yamao himself is of the opinion that "the establishment of kingship can be recognized in the period of Yusei and the establishment of royal lineage in the period of King Meiji", so a systematic study of the history of state formation including this perspective is required. Takehiko Yoshimura, in "Iwanami Lecture on

288-531: A certain degree of social stratification and organization, such as differences in status between the governing nobles ( 大人 , taijin ) , commoners ( 下戸 , geko , lit.   ' lower households ' ) , and slaves of the state ( 生口 , seikō , lit.   ' living people ' ) ; a system of punishment and taxation ; and the establishment of an inspector-like office under the title of Ichidaisotsu ( 一大率 ) , which helped to oversee territories north of Yamatai itself. There are two theories about

384-610: A male king took over but there was a civil war and a 13-year-old girl from Himiko's clan, Iyoyo (壹與, or Toyo (臺與) in later historical books), became king and ruled again. In the Empress Jingu period of the Chronicles of Japan , the Jin Ki-ui-note (no longer extant) cited in the Empress Jingu period of the Chronicles of Japan mentions that in 266 (the second year of Tai-chou (an error in "Tai-shi")), an envoy of

480-698: A more limited sense, as in 3. At present, researchers and authors who use the term "Yamato Court" in the sense of 1. include Takemitsu Makoto and Takamori Akinori. Takemitsu, in his Encyclopedia of the Kojiki and Nihonshoki (1999), lists the Jimmu expedition and Naganohiko's setsuwa as the "origin of the Yamato Court". When using "Yamato Court" as a topic in comprehensive ancient history research that also takes into account Chinese archival materials , or in archaeological research based on archaeological materials ,

576-594: A political city, more than 30 pits for storing ritual tools, ritual halls, and temporary buildings for rituals were found, and the site was located in the Tōkai region , Hokuriku , Kinki , Asan Setouchi, Kibi , Izumo, and a small number of northern Kyushu pottery. It is a huge site comparable to the Fujiwara Palace at the end of the 7th century , which is about ten times larger than the Karako-Kagi site, one of

672-432: A population of 1,321,805 and has a geographic area of 3,691 square kilometres (1,425  sq mi ). Nara Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the north, Osaka Prefecture to the northwest, Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest, and Mie Prefecture to the east. Nara is the capital and largest city of Nara Prefecture, with other major cities including Kashihara , Ikoma , and Yamatokōriyama . Nara Prefecture

768-559: A stage where they can actually be called established techniques, and many researchers have pointed out shortcomings and problems with their accuracy and measurement methods of the Kofun period.。 In this article, these "Yamato Imperial Court ( 大和朝廷 ) " and "Yamato Kingship ( ヤマト王権 ) " will be explained. In the first half of the Kofun period, terms such as "Yamato Kingship ( 倭王権 ) ," "Yamato Regime ( ヤマト政権 ) ," and "Yamato Government ( 倭政権 ) " have also been used in recent years (for details, see

864-574: Is Itokoku. Taiichiro Shiraishi states, "The political coalition of the wide area centered on the Yamataikoku, which was greatly revolutionized by the reorganization of the coalition order following the death of Himiko in the middle of the third century and the expansion of the map following the merger with the Kununokuni coalition, is none other than the Yamato government from the latter half of

960-432: Is a centre for tourism. Moreover, many world heritage sites, such as the temple Tōdai-ji and Kasuga Shrine , exist in the capital city of Nara. 34°34′N 135°46′E  /  34.567°N 135.767°E  / 34.567; 135.767 Fujiwara no Nakamaro Fujiwara no Nakamaro ( 藤原 仲麻呂 , 706 – October 21, 764) , also known as Emi no Oshikatsu ( 恵美 押勝 ) ,

1056-715: Is a discrepancy of several decades between the time of the establishment of the Yamato kingship and the appearance of the Andonzan burial mound (present-day Sojinryo).。 In addition to the Kyushu dynasty theory, there is another theory that advocates the coexistence of two dynasties the Multiple dynasty theory, the Yamataikoku in Kyushu and the Yamato kingdom in the Kinai region, as well as the multiple dynasties theory that believes there were certain forces in ancient Izumo and Kibi. There

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1152-590: Is also a theory of multiple dynasties that believes that there were certain forces in Izumo and Kibi in ancient times. In the theory of two dynasties in parallel, there is a theory that the Yamato Kingdom expanded its power after branching off from the Yamataikoku and destroyed the main Yamataikoku. The Japanese archipelago from the late third century to the first half of the 4th century therefore lacks almost all history , including gold and stone texts, and thus

1248-622: Is among the heaviest in Japan. Spring and fall are temperate. The mountainous region of Yoshino has been popular both historically and presently for its cherry blossoms in the spring. In the fall, the southern mountains are equally striking with the changing of the oak trees. Since 2006, there are 39 municipalities in Nara Prefecture: twelve [by definition: district-independent] cities and seven remaining districts containing 15 towns and twelve villages : Kansai Science City

1344-413: Is an opinion that the alliance between them was established and a wide-area political union was formed. The spread is from Tokai / Hokuriku to northern Kyushu centering on Kinki. On the other hand, as mentioned above, around the 4th century, it is thought that it overlaps with the reigning age of Emperor Sujin . There is also an opinion that it spread because the ancient burial mounds appeared together, and

1440-439: Is clear that the political bond among the small countries was not necessarily strong. This description is also supported by the archaeological materials . They show that moated settlements with deep moats and earthworks , and highland settlements , which seem to have had a watchful function, were built in high places unsuitable for rice cultivation, and that many of the bodies in the tombs, which were clearly killed or injured in

1536-419: Is commonly accepted. This division is further subdivided into the first half of the early period (first half of the 4th century), the second half of the early period (second half of the 4th century), the first half of the middle period (end of the 4th century, first half of the 5th century), the second half of the middle period (second half of the 5th century), and the first half of the late period (first half of

1632-421: Is defined as "ultra-historical political power", and "state" is defined as "the entire power structure that embraces them". As for the inclusion of words, the scheme of imperial court < kingship < government < nation is presented, but in some cases, "royal court" is used to mean "nation". Point out that there is also confusion. The ancient historian Yukihisa Yamao explains that "Yamato kingship" "refers to

1728-465: Is located in the center of the Kii Peninsula on Japan's Pacific Ocean coast, and is one of only eight landlocked prefectures. Nara Prefecture has the distinction of having more UNESCO World Heritage listings than any other prefecture in Japan. Nara Prefecture region is considered one of the oldest regions in Japan , having been in existence for thousands of years, and is widely viewed as

1824-433: Is located in the northwest. According to the 2005 Census of Japan, Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,421,310, which is a decrease of 1.5%, since the year 2000. The decline continued in 2006, with another decrease of 4,987 people compared to 2005. This includes a natural decrease from previous year of 288 people (11,404 births minus 11,692 deaths) and a decrease due to net domestic migration of 4,627 people outbound from

1920-926: Is located, and the Okunoya district in the south. The north/central dialect is close to Osaka's dialect, whilst Okunoya's dialect favours a Tokyo-style accent. The lengthening of vowel sounds in the Okunoya dialect is unseen in other dialects of the Kinki region , making it a special feature. Foods particular to Nara Prefecture include: The following are recognized by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry as being traditional arts of Nara: The sports teams listed below are based in Nara. Association football Basketball Many jinja (Shinto shrines), Buddhist temples, and kofun exist in Nara Prefecture, making it

2016-457: Is not a single year over the last decade (since 1990, up to 2007) with more than 10 days of snowfall recorded by Nara Local Meteorological Observatory. The climate in the rest of the prefecture are mountainous, and especially in the south, with below −5 °C (23 °F) being the extreme minimum in winter. Heavy rainfall is observed in summer. The annual accumulated rainfall ranges as much as 3,000 to 5,000 millimetres (120 to 200 in), which

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2112-504: Is part of the Kansai , or Kinki, region of Japan, and is located in the middle of the Kii Peninsula on the western half of Honshu . Nara Prefecture is landlocked. It is bordered to the west by Wakayama Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture ; on the north by Kyoto Prefecture and on the east by Mie Prefecture . Nara Prefecture is 78.5 kilometres (48.8 mi) from east to west and 103.6 kilometres (64.4 mi) from north to south. Most of

2208-481: Is thought to have been a coalition government that included not only the Kinki region but also the powerful clans of various regions, while others believe that it was a centralized state led by an Okimi . Around the latter half of the third century, burial mounds with large mounds appeared in the Kinki region and other parts of western Japan. All of these tombs were either anterior-ventral or posterior-ventral mounds, and

2304-630: Is written. In the third century, the description about Yamataikoku is appeared in the Wajinden , in the Book of Wei . With the enactment of the Taiho Ritsuryō ( Taihō Code ) in 701, a name of country (as well as a name of county and village) was to be written in two characters, and accordingly, the expression of the country was changed to 大倭 (the reading is the same Yamato ). After the some change in 737 by Fujiwara no Nakamaro and other reasons,

2400-562: The Book of the Later Han , we can see that there were a certain territory called " Wa " and its monarch called "King". However, the details of the political organization are not known, and since there is a report in the Wajinden , in the Record of the Three kingdoms ( 魏志倭人伝 ), which says "there are currently 30 countries with which our envoys can contact and communicate", it is likely that

2496-518: The Minamoto to its ruling seat and the opening of Kamakura shogunate , Nara enjoyed the support of Minamoto no Yoritomo toward restoration. Kōfuku-ji , being the "home temple" to the Fujiwara since its foundation, not only regained the power it had before but became a de facto regional chief of Yamato Province. With the reconstruction of Kōfuku-ji and Tōdai-ji , a town was growing again near

2592-644: The Osaka Plain , the Yodo River system in the north and the Yamato River system in the south have very different types of ancient tombs. Yamato" is rather the area of the Yamato River system, i.e., the combination of the later Yamato and Kawachi (including Izumi ).。In other words, according to Shiraishi, the katakana notation "Yamato" is used because it can comprehensively handle the meaning of

2688-577: The Tsukigase-Kōnoyama , Yata , and Yoshinogawa-Tsuboro Prefectural Natural Parks. In the Nara Basin, the climate has inland characteristics, as represented in the bigger temperature variance within the same day, and the difference of summer and winter temperatures. Winter temperatures average about 3 to 5 °C (37 to 41 °F), and 25 to 28 °C (77 to 82 °F) in the summer with highest reaching close to 35 °C (95 °F). There

2784-618: The Wajinden , and the site itself is located inland, far from the sea. According to Sekikawa Naokoh of the Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture, the large number of Han mirrors, later Han mirrors, and swords that indicate exchange with Korea have been excavated in Kitakyushu, while none have been excavated at the Garenguma site, and therefore, the active exchange with the peninsula and Korea shown in

2880-545: The Yamataikoku , is a burial site with a burial chamber. |The Gionyama burial mound, which has a large number of mass graves and jar coffins and is said to be similar in size and shape to those recorded, is also still a popular theory for the Kyushu region of the Yamatai Kingdom. In the case of this theory, the question arises as to the relationship between the Yamataikoku and the Yamato government that developed in

2976-568: The battle , were unearthed. In the Jōmon period , stone arrowheads were used exclusively as tools for hunting small animals, but in the Yayoi period , they had become larger and were transformed into weapons that could be used against humans. These archaeological evidences suggest that conflicts between small countries were fierce. The Wajinden states that Himiko came to prominence in Yamatai in

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3072-636: The " Wajinden " has not been proven, and the Garenguma site is not the site of the Yamatai Kingdom.。 In addition, there is an excavation of a large mirror with a flower design in the same size and style as the Yata no Kagami of the Three Sacred Treasures from the Hirabaru site in Itoshima, which raises the question of its relationship to the Yata no Kagami , which is a strong candidate for

3168-400: The "Yamato" notation, such as Takemitsu mentioned above.。 According to Takemitsu, the ancients called the area at the foot of Mt. Miwa "Yamato," a name that distinguished it from other areas in the Nara Basin such as " Asuka " and "Ikaruga," and the current terminology of calling the entire Nara Prefecture "Yamato" did not appear until the 7th century. Takemitsu, who considers Garthrace to be

3264-467: The 18th century, the economy of the province was incorporated into prosperous Osaka , the commercial capital of Japan at the time. A first prefecture (briefly -fu in 1868, but -ken for most of the time) named Nara was established in the Meiji Restoration in 1868 as successor to the shogunate administration of the shogunate city and shogunate lands in Yamato. After the 1871 Abolition of

3360-561: The 6th century to the latter half of the 7th century), and the following sections are based on this classification. The latter half of the Late Period (late 6th/early 7th century) corresponds to the first half of the Asuka Period as a political period name. Nara Prefecture Nara Prefecture ( 奈良県 , Nara-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . As of 2020, Nara Prefecture has

3456-584: The History of Japan, Volume 2: Ancient Times I," refers to "the royal power assumed after Emperor Sujin " as the "Yamato royal power," and describes the relationship between the early Yamato royal power and the Yamataikoku: "According to recent archaeological research, the possibility that the location of the Yamataikoku was in the Kinki region has become stronger. However, this has not been proven historically. However, this has not been proven historically, and

3552-416: The Japanese cradle of civilization . Like Kyoto , Nara was one of Imperial Japan 's earliest capital cities. The current form of Nara Prefecture was officially created in 1887 when it became independent of Osaka Prefecture . Historically, Nara Prefecture was also known as Yamato-no-kuni or Yamato Province. From the third century to the fourth century, a poorly documented political force existed at

3648-480: The Kinai region, and whether the Yamataikoku in Kyushu was destroyed or, as in the myth, moved eastward to the Kinai region and became the Yamato government. There is a prevailing view that the establishment of the Yamato kingship was based on the appearance and spread of the anterior and posterior round tombs. The date of its establishment varies slightly depending on the researcher, such as mid-3rd century, late third century, and early fourth century. The Yamato Kingdom

3744-618: The Kinki region at the time of the Iwai Rebellion , and that before the Emperor Keitai The term "Yamato Court" should be used only from the 6th century after Emperor Tsugitai, as "there may be cases where the Yamato Court is unrelated to the Emperor Keitai . Kazuhiko Seki said that "kingship" is "the political power of the king" as opposed to "the court" which is the "political place of the emperor". "Government"

3840-742: The MTL is the Outer Zone, comprising the Kii Mountains, which occupy about 60% of the land area of the prefecture. The Ōmine Range is in the center of the Kii Mountains, running north to south, with steep valleys on both sides. The tallest mountain in Nara Prefecture, and indeed in the Kansai region, is Mount Hakkyō . To the west, separating Nara Prefecture from Wakayama Prefecture, is the Obako Range, with peaks around 1,300 metres (4,300 ft). To

3936-606: The MTL is the so-called Inner Zone, where active faults running north to south are still shaping the landscape. The Ikoma Mountains in the northwest form the border with Osaka Prefecture. The Nara Basin, which lies to the east of these mountains, contains the highest concentration of population in Nara Prefecture. Further east are the Kasagi Mountains, which separate the Basin from the Yamato Highlands. South of

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4032-579: The Queen of Japan went to Luoyang , the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty, to pay tribute to Luoyang , the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty, and this queen is thought to be Taiyou. Therefore, it is possible that the "Nihon Shoki" assumes that the actions of Taeyo were those of Empress Jingu. In addition, there is no mention of a queen in the extant Book of Jin , although the Siyi biography and

4128-637: The Wudieki do mention a Japanese tribute in 266. In addition, the location of the Kununokuni is to the south of the Yamatai Kingdom . In the Wajinden , there is another Japanese country a thousand miles across the sea to the east of the Yamatai Kingdom, and in the west of the Yamatai Kingdom is the Land of the Rising Sun. To the northwest of the Yamatai Kingdom is Obikata County , and to the north

4224-428: The Yamato River system (Yamato and Kawachi) in addition to 1. to 3. On the other hand, Kazuhiko Seki states that "Yamato" was used from the 8th century , and before that, it was written as "Yamato" or "Daiwa", so that although "Yamato" or "Daiwa" is appropriate to describe the regime in the 4th and 5th century, "Yamato" is appropriate to prevent confusion between the two.。 On the other hand, there are researchers who use

4320-644: The Yamato court. In Japan, there was a war between the Yamataikoku and the Kununokuni , and in 247 (the eighth year of the Shosho Era), the director of the Obikata County , Zhang Zheng, who was sent to Japan to receive reports of the conflict between the two countries, admonished the queen with a proclamation. In addition, according to the Book of Records of the Wei Dynasty, after the death of Himiko,

4416-481: The academic community. As of 2020, "regime ( 政権 ) " and "kingship ( 王権 ) " are also used in the media, but "imperial court ( 朝廷 ) " is also used and is not unified. In the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki , completed in the first half of the eighth century , as well as in other documents, metal and stone writings, and wooden tablets from the seventh century and earlier, the characters 大和 is not used for "Yamato", but 倭

4512-467: The birthplace of the "Yamato Court," calls the whole area "Yamato," the ancient city.。 The term " Royal court " has its original meaning as a governmental office where the Son of Heaven conducted political affairs such as dynastic government and Ritual , collectively known as dynastic rites. Bureaucracy with a Centralised Government and Emperor as a sovereign title, and that it is inappropriate to use

4608-414: The bodies were buried in split bamboo wooden coffins several meters long inside pit-type stone chambers, and the secondary funerary objects included numerous bronze mirrors with magical meanings and weapons. This is often referred to as the "emergence period". This is often referred to as an "emergence period tomb. However, due to the technical shortcomings of Radiocarbon dating and Dendrochronology , and

4704-536: The capital to Nagaoka-kyō in Yamashiro Province , followed by another move in 794 to Heian-kyō , marking the start of the Heian period . The temples in Nara remained powerful beyond the move of political capital, thus giving Nara a synonym of "Nanto" (meaning "South Capital") as opposed to Heian-kyō, situated in the north. Close to the end of Heian period, Taira no Shigehira , a son of Taira no Kiyomori ,

4800-748: The central lords were dispatched to various places as chiefs ( Kuni no miyatsuko ) instead of the regional coalition . The only emergence-period burial mounds with a mound length of more than 200 meters are the Hashihaka Kofun (280 meters) in Sakurai, Nara , Nara Prefecture , and the Nishidenozuka burial mound (234 meters) in Tenri, Nara . Kofun (280 meters) and the Nishidenozuka tumulus (234 meters) in Tenri City , which are concentrated in

4896-452: The coalition of political forces from all over the Japanese archipelago . The "Yamato kingship" is the name given to the "Kinai kingship, which was both the leader of the Kinai confederation of chiefs and the ally of the Yamato government, which was a federation of political forces from all over the Japanese archipelago. Also, according to Yamao. The term is used to describe the period from

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4992-483: The conventional viewpoint that ascribes political bases to the location of ancient tombs. If a group of chiefs exercising influence over a specific region had only a specific sub-region as their base, then phenomena such as the "successive relocations" in the Chronicles would not have occurred.。 Yoshimura's view is that regardless of the early or late appearance of the anterior and posterior round burial mounds, there

5088-491: The countries on the Korean peninsula ( Baekje and Gaya ), monopolizing various technologies imported by foreigners. In the second half of the 5th century, it was able to overwhelm the gentry in the capital and the local clans. Until the early 1970s, the " Yamato period ( 大和時代 , Yamato-jidai ) " was widely used as a time period from the 4th to the 6th century, and the name "Yamato court ( 大和朝廷 , Yamato chōtei ) "

5184-434: The course of the development of the tribes from the state of separation to the direction of union between the 2nd and 3rd centuries, the Japanese royal power had become the center of the tribes. In order to establish its position as a united ally, the Japanese royal power attached importance to foreign relations, paid tribute to China's Eastern Jin and Liu Song dynasties, and made every effort to maintain close relations with

5280-561: The culture of each region in a comprehensive manner, such as the four-cornered protruding mound tombs in the San'in region (Izumo) and the shield-built mound tombs in the Kibi region . Shiraishi Taichiro states that Kibi was an important ally of the Yamato, as special vessels and vases that were erected on top of mounds in Kibi were adopted.。 However, according to the Wajinden , Yamatai is located in

5376-461: The east, bordering Mie Prefecture, is the Daikō Range, including Mount Ōdaigahara . This mountainous region is also home to a World Heritage Site , the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range ". About 17% of the total land area of the prefecture is designated as National Park land, comprising the Yoshino-Kumano National Park , Kongō-Ikoma-Kisen , Kōya-Ryūjin , Murō-Akame-Aoyama , and Yamato-Aogaki Quasi-National Parks; and

5472-411: The establishment of the regime is based on the appearance of uniform anterior-anterior-cylindrical tombs. Yukihisa Yamao writes: "It is highly probable that a 'kingship' was established in the Kinki region in the latter half of the third century, but whether it can be called a 'kingship' or not is left to future research. However, it is not clear whether this can be called a 'kingship' or not, and whether

5568-486: The expression of the country was changed to 大和 (Yamato) in around late 757. Since the expression 大和 was used widely from the enactment of the Yōrō Code , there is an opinion that it is not appropriate to use this kanji name ( 大和 ) for the political center or power before the seventh century.。However, there are the researchers, such as Makoto Takemitsu, who use this name from the late third century. The word "Yamato" also means. It has three different meanings、Yamato,

5664-399: The first half of the 3rd century, and that the states (probably city-states ) "co-established" Himiko and made her queen , thus ending the strife and creating a federation of about 30 small countries. The Wajinden also states that the Emperor of the Wei awarded Himiko the seal of Shin-Gi Wa-ō ( 親魏倭王 , lit.   ' Subject of Wei, King of Wa ' ) . It also states that Yamatai had

5760-411: The foot of Mount Miwa , east of Nara Basin. It sought unification of most parts in Japan. Since the historical beginning of Japan, Yamato was its political center. Ancient capitals of Japan were built on the land of Nara, namely Asuka-kyō , Fujiwara-kyō (694–710) and Heijō-kyō (most of 710–784). The capital cities of Fujiwara and Heijō are believed to have been modeled after Chinese capitals at

5856-648: The gallery of the main hall of Tōdai temple. In the 1889 Great Meiji mergers which subdivided all (then 45) prefectures into modern municipalities , Nara prefecture's 16 districts were subdivided into 154 municipalities: 10 towns and 144 villages . The first city in Nara was only established in 1898 when Nara Town from Soekami District was made district-independent to become Nara City (see List of mergers in Nara Prefecture and List of mergers in Osaka Prefecture ). The economic dependency to Osaka even characterizes today's Nara Prefecture, for many inhabitants commute to Osaka to work or study there. Nara Prefecture

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5952-410: The genealogical relationship with the early Yamato kingdom seems to be rather unconnected.。 Yoshimura points out that "it is problematic whether the construction of a burial mound implies the establishment of a regime or a state," and argues that the conventional viewpoint that ascribes a political foundation to the location of a burial mound needs to be reconsidered. He argues that we need to reconsider

6048-450: The han system , Nara was merged with other prefectures (from former han, see List of Han#Yamato Province ) and cleared of ex-/enclaves to encompass all of Yamato province. In 1876, Nara was merged into Sakai which in turn became part of Osaka in 1881. In 1887, Nara became independent again, with Saisho Atsushi as the first governor. The first prefectural assembly of Nara was elected in the same year and opened its first session in 1888 in

6144-430: The internal power game of the temple itself opened a way for the local samurai clans to spring up and fight with each other, gradually acquiring their own territories, thus diminishing the influence of Kōfuku-ji overall. Later, the whole province of Yamato got drawn into the confusion of the Sengoku period . Tōdai-ji was once again set on fire in 1567, when Matsunaga Hisahide , who was later appointed by Oda Nobunaga to

6240-400: The king, with the king as their apex authority", which "emerged clearly in the Kofun period . On the other hand, Taiichiro Shiraishi refers to the "coalition of political forces from all over the Japanese archipelago except for the north and south" and the "wide-area political coalition" as the "Yamato government", and states that it is "the leader of the coalition of chiefs of the Kinai and

6336-413: The land, while only 6% of people lives there, resulting in a density of 39 people km . Nara prefecture had the highest rate in Japan of people commuting outbound for work, at 30.9% in 2000. A similar tendency is seen in prefectures such as Saitama , Chiba , and Kanagawa , all three of them having over 20% of people commuting for other prefectures. The 2004 total gross prefecture product (GPP) for Nara

6432-403: The large discrepancy between the measured values and the written records, some argue for a fourth century appearance based on conventional pottery dating. The uniformity of the tumulus during the period of its appearance (the first half of the Kofun period) shows that the tumulus was created as a common grave system for the chiefs of each region, and the chiefs were also jointly funeralized. There

6528-498: The largest moat encircling settlements in Japan, and about six times larger than the Yoshinogari site . It is said to be a huge ruin, possibly surpassing the scale of Taga Castle ruins .。Takemitsu Makoto states that the Garou site is the birthplace of the "Yamato Imperial Court". The unique scallop-shaped burial mounds (called "scallop-shaped burial mounds. These mounds, with a mound length of 90 meters, are much larger than those in other regions, and they are also said to have inherited

6624-420: The location of the Yamatai Kingdom : the Honshu Theory , and the Kyushu Theory . According to the Honshu Theory, a political coalition covering a wide area from the Kinki region to northern Kyushu was already established in the third century, and this was likely the precursor to the later Yamato court. Meanwhile, the Kyushu Theory holds that the coalition under Himiko was only a local regional group, unrelated to

6720-427: The lord of Yamato Province, fought for supremacy against his former master Miyoshi family . Followed by short appointments of Tsutsui Junkei and Toyotomi Hidenaga by Toyotomi Hideyoshi to the lord, the Tokugawa shogunate ultimately ruled the city of Nara directly, and most parts of Yamato province with a few feudal lords allocated at Kōriyama , Takatori and other places. With industry and commerce developing in

6816-400: The narrowest of the three, is the area where the emergence-period burial mounds are concentrated, and it is thought to be the place where the center of the royal administration existed. Rather than "Yamato," which is immediately associated with the imperial Yamato State (2), "Yamato" which clearly implies 3 is more appropriate. Shiraishi further points out that from the Nara and Kyoto basins to

6912-419: The political and cultural aspects of the period can only be examined from archaeological sources. By the middle of the fourth century at the earliest, stylized kofun tombs had spread from the southern Tohoku region to the southern Kyushu region. This means that a vast area of eastern Japan was incorporated into a broad political union (Yamato kingship) with Yamato as its leader. However, in western Japan, most of

7008-409: The population. As of 2004, the average density of the prefecture is 387 people per km . By districts, the Yamato flat inland plain holds as much as about 90% of total population within the approximately 23% size of area in the north-west, including the Nara Basin, representing a density of 1,531 people per km . To the contrast, the combined district Gojō and Yoshino District occupies almost 64% of

7104-439: The power structure of kings established in the central Kinki region in the 4th and 5th centuries, and is seen in the emperor genealogies of Kojiki and Nihon Shoki as corresponding roughly from Sujin to Yūryaku ". In another book, Yamao also defines "kingship" as "an organism of power in which a community of privileged groups assembled as the king's vassals" is "the center of a hierarchical unity" of "a race of subordinates to

7200-540: The prefecture is covered by mountains and forests, leaving an inhabitable area of only 851 square kilometres (329 sq mi). The ratio of inhabitable area to total area is 23%, ranked 43rd among the 47 prefectures in Japan. Nara Prefecture is bisected by the Japan Median Tectonic Line (MTL) running through its territory east to west, along the Yoshino River . On the northern side of

7296-547: The prefecture, and a decrease of 72 registered foreigners. Net domestic migration has turned into a continuous outbound trend since 1998. The largest destinations of migration in 2005 were the prefectures of Kyoto, Tokyo, and Hyōgo, with respectively a net of 1,130,982 and 451 people moving over. The largest inbound migration was from Niigata Prefecture , contributing to a net increase of 39 people. 13.7% of its population were reported as under 15, 65.9% between 15 and 64, and 20.4% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 52.5% of

7392-527: The section "About Names"). After the Kofun period, from the Asuka period onward, the Japanese centralized organization led by a great king/emperor is commonly described as the "Imperial Court ( 朝廷 ) " both in historical research and in most of the world. However, Yamato Imperial Court ( 大和朝廷 ) is also used by some researchers. This reflects the fact that various views on the use of the terms "Yamato ( 大和 , ヤマト) " and "Imperial Court ( 朝廷 ) " exist side by side in

7488-474: The south of Ito Province, which is compared to Itoshima, and it is said that the country was prosecuted with a major leader in Ito Province, and that it produced ironware and Silk , which have only been excavated in Kyushu. Furthermore, the artifacts excavated from the site of Garenguma are scarce in terms of Kyushu and Korean origin, and there are no traces of active trade with the continent as described in

7584-408: The southeastern part of the Nara Basin (Yamato in the narrowest sense) and are isolated in scale from the rest of the region. This indicates that this political coalition was led by the forces of the Kinki region, centered on Yamato. This is why this regime is called the "Yamato regime" or the "Yamato kingdom. This regime is sometimes referred to as the "anterior-anterior-cylindrical tomb system" because

7680-500: The state of separation of small countries continued until the third century. In addition, from the description in the Book of Later Han , which reports "During the reign of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling of Han , Wakoku was largely disturbed, and countries fought each other, and thus there was no Lord for a long period." ( 桓霊の間、倭国大いに乱れ更相攻伐して歴年主なし , Kan-Rei no kan, Wakoku ōini midare, komogomo ai-kōbatsu-shite, rekinen aruji nashi. ), it

7776-419: The term "Imperial Court" in a situation where the various governmental systems are not in place. For example, Kazuhiko Seki defines "imperial court" as "the political seat of the emperor" and argues that it is inappropriate to refer to the 4th century and 5th century regimes as the "Yamato Imperial Court" and Kito Kiyoaki also argued in a book for the general public that multiple dynasties could have existed in

7872-549: The third century onward.。 As a basis for this, it is claimed that the site of Nara Prefecture was the center of a federation of small states in the Kinai region at that time.。This site is located at the foot of Mt. Miwa in the southeastern part of the Nara Basin, where the "Great City" is said to have been located in the Asuka Period. remains , which are said to be traces of urban planning , have been found, and civil engineering works such as canal have been carried out. As

7968-401: The time of the completion of the kingship to the time of the unification of the tribes by the kingship (from the 490s), and the construction of the early state (from around 530). The term was first used by Ishimoda Tadashi in his Iwanami Koza Nihon Rekishi in 1962. It is also used as a concept of classification, but it is not necessarily strictly defined and there is no common understanding of

8064-649: The time, incorporating grid layout patterns. The royal court also established relations with Sui and then Tang dynasty China and sent students to the Middle Kingdom to learn high civilization. By 7th century, Nara accepted the many immigrants including refugees of Baekje who had escaped from war disturbances of the southern part of the Korean Peninsula . The first high civilization with royal patronage of Buddhism flourished in today's Nara city (710–784 AD). In 784, Emperor Kanmu decided to relocate

8160-413: The tombs that were considered to be tombs of chiefs in the early stages of their emergence were anterior and posterior round tombs, while in eastern Japan, most of them were anterior and posterior. This is how the Kofun period began in most areas of the Japanese archipelago, and Kofun tombs were constructed in earnest. Below, the following three periods are set as the period division of the Kofun period, as

8256-630: The two temples. The Nanboku-chō period , starting in 1336, brought more instability to Nara. As Emperor Go-Daigo chose Yoshino as his base, a power struggle arose in Kōfuku-ji with a group supporting the South and another siding the North court. Likewise, local clans were split into two. Kōfuku-ji recovered its control over the province for a short time at the surrender of the South Court in 1392, while

8352-473: The use of the word The term Yamato court has three meanings: In the pre-war period, the term was used in the sense of 1. but after the war, it came to mean simply "the government of the Yamato period or Kofun period " (2.). However, with the examination of the word "dynasty" and the progress of archaeology research on kofun , especially on the anterior and posterior tombs, the word is increasingly used in

8448-448: The view that it was not necessarily appropriate to use the words "Yamato" and "imperial court" to describe the period emerged, and this view became influential in historical societies in Japan, and thus the term "Yamato period" was replaced by " Kofun period " instead of "Yamato period" has become a common name in Japanese historical research and higher education in Japan. However, dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating have not yet reached

8544-451: The words "Yamato (Yamato) kingship" and "Yamato Court" are used interchangeably. In some cases, words such as "Yamato (Yamato) kingship" and "Yamato Imperial Court" are used interchangeably for chronological purposes. For example. In the Yayoi period , as there is the description of "Wa-kokuō Suishō" ( 倭国王帥升 , Suishō the King of Wa) dated 107 in the "History of Tō-i (Eastern I)" ( 東夷伝 ) in

8640-491: Was a Japanese aristocrat ( kuge ), courtier, and statesman. He was chancellor ( Daijō-daijin ) of the Imperial government during the Nara period . Nakamaro was the second son of Fujiwara no Muchimaro , who was the founder of southern branch of the Fujiwara clan . Nakamaro was named to progressively important court positions during the reign of Empress Kōken . Opposition led by Tachibana no Naramaro and others

8736-424: Was a mere 1.0%, only above mining, which is quasi-inexistent in Nara. The culture of Nara is tied to the Kansai region in which it is located. However, like each of the other prefectures of Kansai, Nara has unique aspects to its culture, parts of which stem from its long history dating back to the Nara period. There are large differences in dialect between the north/central region of the prefecture, where Nara city

8832-462: Was abandoned. His plans were opposed by some of his cousins in the Fujiwara clan. In 764, Nakamaro was a trusted supporter of the emperor Junnin; and he was at odds with former- Empress Kōken and her close associate, the monk Dōkyō . In the struggle between the factions headed by Junnin and Kōken, Nakamaro was captured and killed. His wife and children were also killed. Soon after, Junnin

8928-453: Was ordered by his father to depress the power of various parties, mainly Kōfuku-ji and Tōdai-ji , who were backing up an opposition group headed by Prince Mochihito . The movement led to a collision between the Taira and the Nara temples in 1180. This clash eventually led to Kōfuku-ji and Tōdai-ji being set on fire, resulting in vast destruction of architectural heritage. At the rise of

9024-548: Was put down in 757. In 758, Nakamaro was given the title and role of "Grand Guardian" ( taihō ); and his name was changed to Emi No Oshikatsu. The power to mint copper coins was granted to Oshikatsu in 758. Nakamaro became Prime Minister ( taishi ) during the reign of Emperor Junnin . He acted to secure the northern border with the Ainu, but his plans did not succeed. Plans for a military campaign in Korea were started, but it

9120-401: Was used unambiguously as the political power that ruled the main part of the Japanese archipelago during that period. However, since the 1970s, with the discovery of significant kofuns and excavations , the use of physical and chemical dating and dendrochronology became available. As the accuracy of these methods improved, research on the chronology of kofun tombs progressed remarkably, and

9216-483: Was ¥3.8 trillion, an 0.1% growth over previous year. The per capita income was ¥2.6 million, which is a 1.3% decrease from previous year. The 2004 total gross prefecture product (GPP) for Nara was ¥3.8 trillion, an 0.1% growth over previous year. Manufacturing has the biggest share in the GPP of Nara with 20.2% of share, followed by services (19.1%) and real estates (16.3%). The share of agriculture including forestry and fishery

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