Chełm Land was a region of the Kingdom of Poland and later of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795). Today, the region is situated in the modern states of Poland , Ukraine , and Belarus . As an exclave of the Ruthenian Voivodeship , it was separated from the main part of the voivodeship by the voivodeship of Bełz . The region's most important town was Chełm . In the Commonwealth, Chełm Land enjoyed a special status; some documents described it as a separate entity - Chełm Voivodeship (Latin: Palatinatus Chelmensis).
17-594: In 981 AD, the territory was conquered by the ruler of Kievan Rus ', Vladimir the Great . At that time, it was inhabited by West Slavs ( Lendians ), according to Polish historian Ryszard Orłowski. Vladimir brought Ruthenian settlers to the region. The area of future Chełm Land was located between early Kingdom of Poland and Kievan Rus . Both states fought for it in the 10th century, and after several conflicts, in ca. 1240 King Daniel of Galicia made Chełm capital of an Orthodox Diocese, which resulted in quick development of
34-484: A private Szczebrzeszyn County, also some parts of Chełm Land belonged to Zamoyski Family Fee Tail . In the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) most inhabitants of the eastern parts of Chełm Land were of Ruthenian and Polish origin while the majority of ethnic Poles lived in its western areas. Chełm Land also had Jewish, Armenian and Wallachian minorities. In the second half of the 16th century,
51-604: The Free City of Kraków . From 1797, the seat of the local government ( Gubernium ) was located at Kraków . The province was divided into twelve districts: A civil code was introduced in West Galicia, prior to the introduction of the Austrian Civil Code in 1811. It contained little in the way of solving feudal-class problems and was based on the laws of nature. This Austrian history article
68-578: The Habsburg monarchy , constituted from the territory annexed in the course of the Third Partition of Poland in 1795. The Austrian Empire lost West Galicia to the Duchy of Warsaw in 1809, following its defeat by Napoleon After the failed Kościuszko Uprising of 1794, Emperor Francis II of Habsburg agreed with Empress Catherine II of Russia to again divide and thereby completely abolish
85-413: The first partition of Poland , almost whole Ruthenian Voivodeship became part of Austrian Galicia , and Chełm Land became an independent entity, which in 1793 was turned into Chełm Voivodeship. Following the third partition of Poland (1795) the voivodeship was divided between Austria (as part of West Galicia ), and Russian Empire . This meant that Chełm Land in its original shape ceased to exist. In 1815,
102-588: The 1430s, Chełm Land was expanded by vast areas east of the Bug river , the Counties of Ratno and Luboml . Altogether, its total area was some 10,000 km, remaining in the same shape until the first partition of Poland (1772). Polish historian and ethnographer Zygmunt Gloger wrote in the 19th century that Chełm Land was an exclave of the Ruthenian Voivodeship, completely separated from it by
119-525: The Belz Voivodeship. New research claims that in the area of sparsely populated Solska Forest , Belz Land might have bordered Ruthenian Voivodeship's Przemysl Land . The Bug divided Chełm Land into two unequal parts; in the smaller, sparsely populated eastern two counties, the source of the Prypec river was located, as well as several lakes and swamps of Polesie . In the 15th century, Chełm Land
136-683: The Second and Third Partition and now was forced to renounce according to the Treaty of Tilsit . Austria lost New Galicia in 1809 War of the Fifth Coalition , after a corps under Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este on 15 April 1809 started the Polish–Austrian War by invading the Duchy of Warsaw. Despite the archduke's plans to move in as a national liberator, he was challenged by
153-514: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.133 via cp1102 cp1102, Varnish XID 552544385 Upstream caches: cp1102 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 05:54:53 GMT West Galicia New Galicia or West Galicia ( Polish : Nowa Galicja or Galicja Zachodnia ; German : Neugalizien or Westgalizien ) was an administrative region of
170-724: The entire area of the Chełm Land came under Russian rule (Russian Empire, including those areas administered by Austria in the years 1795-1807). In 1918, the entire area of the Chełm land became part of the reborn Poland , and in 1945 it was divided between Poland and the USSR. Currently, historic Chełm Land belongs to three countries – Poland (most area), Ukraine and Belarus . 51°08′11″N 23°28′30″E / 51.136457°N 23.475093°E / 51.136457; 23.475093 Kievan Rus Too Many Requests If you report this error to
187-613: The forces of Prince Józef Poniatowski at the Battle of Raszyn . Austria was finally defeated at the Battle of Wagram on 6 July, whereafter New Galicia was attached to the Duchy of Warsaw by the Treaty of Schönbrunn . With the Final Act of the Vienna Congress in 1815, the territory became part of Congress Poland , ruled in personal union by Emperor Alexander I of Russia , while Kraków nominally retained its independence as
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#1732773292866204-595: The population of Chełm Land was app. 67,000. In 1636, the population grew to 125,000, but after the wars of the 1650s, such as Swedish invasion of Poland , the population shrank to app. 100,000. In 1667, there were 16 towns and 260 villages in Chełm County, while in Krasnystaw County there were 7 towns and 167 villages. In 1772, the Habsburg Empire annexed southern part of Chełm Land. As a result of
221-583: The remaining Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , a decision which Prussia joined on 24 October 1795. The Habsburg Monarchy, which had not participated in the Second Partition , now received a share that comprised the lands north of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria gained in the First Partition of 1772. The Habsburg Monarchy then occupied the entirety of Lesser Poland , stretching along
238-619: The town. Following Mongol invasion of Rus' , which weakened Ruthenian states, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , a new power in Eastern Europe, occupied Chełm. In 1340, the town was annexed by Polish King Kazimierz Wielki , together with Belz , Red Ruthenia and Podolia . At first, the Land of Chełm was united with the Land of Belz, but in 1387, King Wladyslaw Jagiello handed Belz as a fief to Duke of Mazovia Siemowit, while Chełm
255-631: The upper Vistula river to the outskirts of Praga and Warsaw , the tributaries of the Bug and the Pilica forming the northern border with New East Prussia . In 1803, it was merged with the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria , but retained some autonomy. It remained a territory of the Austrian Empire even when, in 1807, Napoleon I of France created the Duchy of Warsaw from territories in Greater Poland which Prussia had annexed in
272-542: Was directly annexed by the Polish Crown. Older sources claim that Chełm Land became part of Ruthenian Voivodeship at the time of its creation in 1434, but according to new research, it remained an independent unit of administration, with its own sejmik , until probably early 16th century. At first Chełm Land consisted of Chełm County and Krasnystaw County, but in 1392 it was expanded by the area of Hrubieszow , which had previously belonged to Belz Land. Furthermore, in
289-401: Was divided into the following counties: Chełm, Krasnystaw, Hrubieszow, Luboml and Ratno. In 1465, Hrubieszow County was annexed by Chełm County, and in ca. 1469, Chełm County annexed Luboml and Ratno Counties. After these changes, Chełm Land was divided into two counties: Chełm (area: 7900 km.), and Krasnystaw (area: 2000 km.). Furthermore, in southwestern corner of Krasnystaw County was
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