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102-550: Dudeștii Vechi is located in the western extremity of Timiș County . The nearest town is Sânnicolau Mare , 11 km away. Dudeștii Vechi lies in the Aranca Plain, the lowest sector of the Mureș Plain. The Aranca Plain has a monotonous relief, of low plain, with wide and straight interfluves, interrupted, in some places, by high mounds. The origin of these mounds is either anthropic (Neolithic tumuli ) or structural (the presence in

204-411: A serrated margin. Leaf colors range from dark green and gray-green to purple, blue, and sometimes pale yellow. The flowers are produced in long bracts from leaf axils. They are white to purple and produced in false whorls called verticillasters. The corolla is two-lipped with four subequal lobes, the upper lobe usually the largest. The fruit is a nutlet, containing one to four seeds . Mentha

306-519: A subcosmopolitan distribution, growing best in wet environments and moist soils. Mints are aromatic, almost exclusively perennial herbs . They have wide-spreading underground and overground stolons and erect, square, branched stems. Mints will grow 10–120 cm (4–48 inches) tall and can spread over an indeterminate area. Due to their tendency to spread unchecked, some mints are considered invasive . The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, from oblong to lanceolate, often downy, and with

408-538: A transfusion center . Regarding the pharmaceutical network in Timiș County, in 2019 there were 295 pharmacies (16 public and 279 private), seven pharmaceutical points and 34 pharmaceutical warehouses. Timișoara is nationally recognized as a center of excellence in medicine. Timișoara has made several breakthroughs in Romanian medicine, including the first in vitro fertilization , the first laser heart surgery and

510-508: A bent sword, with a wide point, made of silver; in the upper right-hand corner is a golden sun, and in the upper left, a rising silver moon. At the bottom, on the blue field, is a wavy silver band. The lion with armed arm, characteristic of Banat of Temeswar , symbolizes the defenders of the land and of Christianity against the Ottoman armies; the lion carries the victorious sword of Pál Kinizsi , Count of Temes County . The gold wall symbolizes

612-560: A cool aftertaste, and are used in teas, beverages, jellies, syrups, candies, and ice creams. In Middle Eastern cuisine , mint is used in lamb dishes, while in British cuisine and American cuisine , mint sauce and mint jelly are used, respectively. Mint (pudina) is a staple in Indian cuisine , used for flavouring curries and other dishes. Mint is a necessary ingredient in Touareg tea ,

714-460: A fair. Also during Lebanovici's mayorship (1784–1787), the bridge was built over the old Aranca riverbed, on the road leading to Szeged , today the Roma neighborhood (Gornija Most). From 1781, by successive intercalation, Gjura Uzunov was mayor, during which the granary in the center of the commune was built, demolished only in 1974. Also during his time the construction of the church began. In 1840,

816-402: A few days in plastic bags in a refrigerator. Optionally, leaves can be frozen in ice cube trays. Dried mint leaves should be stored in an airtight container placed in a cool, dark, dry area. The leaf, fresh or dried, is the culinary source of mint. Fresh mint is usually preferred over dried mint when storage of the mint is not a problem. The leaves have a warm, fresh, aromatic, sweet flavor with

918-527: A low share in GDP (5%), although that it places the county on the first place at national level from the perspective of the GVA obtained in agriculture. With several units of national and international banks operating here ( BCR , Raiffeisen Bank , BT , BRD , CEC Bank , OTP Bank , UniCredit Bank , Alpha Bank , Citibank , Credit Europe Bank , Garanti BBVA , ING Bank , Intesa Sanpaolo Bank , etc.), Timiș County

1020-402: A motorization index of 361.64 vehicles/1,000 inhabitants, being among the highest in the country. The railway network totals 795 km, of which 113 are electrified railways. With 91.4 km of railway per 1,000 km , Timiș County has the densest railway network in the country. On the territory of Timiș County, the railway network consists of a main line ( 900 ) and 18 secondary lines belonging to

1122-437: A network of runners . Due to their speedy growth, one plant of each desired mint, along with a little care, will provide more than enough mint for home use. Some mint species are more invasive than others. Even with the less invasive mints, care should be taken when mixing any mint with any other plants, lest the mint take over. To control mints in an open environment, they should be planted in deep, bottomless containers sunk in

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1224-505: A popular tea in northern African and Arab countries. Alcoholic drinks sometimes feature mint for flavor or garnish, such as the mint julep and the mojito . Crème de menthe is a mint-flavored liqueur used in drinks such as the grasshopper . Mint essential oil and menthol are extensively used as flavorings in breath fresheners, drinks, antiseptic mouth rinses , toothpaste , chewing gum , desserts , and candies , such as mint (candy) and mint chocolate . The substances that give

1326-425: A predominantly industrial one, sometimes with significant losses due to the non-use of labor and capital endowments, into a tertiary one (based mainly on services ). The specialization of Timiș County stands out in the computer, automotive and electrical equipment industry, these registering high values of the location quotient (as of 2019). In 2021, Timiș County had a GDP per capita of 31,519 euros, 40% above

1428-472: A rich repertoire, consisting of national, folk songs or choral works composed by Ion Vidu , Filaret Barbu or Iosif Velceanu. Timișoara was a reputed city of music in the 19th century. Many famous musicians performed here, including Franz Liszt (1846), Johann Strauss II (1847), David Popper (1867), Leopold Auer (1867), Pablo de Sarasate (1877), Henryk Wieniawski (1877), Johannes Brahms (1879) and Joseph Joachim (1879). The only philharmonic in

1530-664: A series of waterfalls and caves. Areas with a rich hunting fund, as well as those with a diversified fishing fund are suitable for sport hunting and fishing . On the territory of Timiș County there are 86 hunting funds and 30 fishing funds. Canoeing and kayaking can be practiced on the Bega Canal , and rafting on the Timiș River . Spa tourism is practiced in Buziaș (declared a spa resort in 1911), Timișoara , Deta , as well as Călacea , Teremia Mare and Lovrin . Wine tourism

1632-422: A traditional economic activity, especially in the rural localities in the vicinity of urban centers. By cultivated area, the main crops are maize (165,643 ha), wheat and rye (133,657 ha), sunflower (78,242 ha), perennial fodder (38,060 ha) and soybeans (21,200 ha). Livestock farming is also an important, traditional branch of Timiș agriculture, and in recent years there has been a significant increase in

1734-483: A volume of 51 million m . In the county there are also two lakes with hot (20 °C) and mineral water at Românești , with an area of 50 m and the muddy volcano from Ohaba-Forgaci , in the Magheruș valley, of 50 m . The high density of the hydrographic network, the low slopes of the riverbeds in the plain sector, the reduced depth of the groundwater, the presence of ultisols , all favor the floods and marshes. To reduce

1836-417: A wide variety of fish, such as pike , barbel , Prussian carp , wels , perch , carp , etc.). The climate has a moderate temperate continental character, with hot summers and mild winters due to both the influences of the oceanic (from the west) and Mediterranean (from the south and southwest) air masses and the fact that over 85% of the territory belongs to the plain climate (the remaining 15% belongs to

1938-481: Is Timișoara North , with over 1.7 million passengers in 2011. Mentha Mentha , also known as mint (from Greek μίνθα míntha , Linear B mi-ta ), is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae . It is estimated that 13 to 24 species exist, but the exact distinction between species is unclear. Hybridization occurs naturally where some species' ranges overlap. Many hybrids and cultivars are known. The genus has

2040-668: Is a member of the tribe Mentheae in the subfamily Nepetoideae . The tribe contains about 65 genera, and relationships within it remain obscure. Authors have disagreed on the circumscription of Mentha . For example, M. cervina has been placed in Pulegium and Preslia , and M. cunninghamii has been placed in Micromeria . In 2004, a molecular phylogenetic study indicated that both M. cervina and M. cunninghamii should be included in Mentha . However, M. cunninghamii

2142-456: Is a national leader in the field of financial intermediation. As of 2021, the turnover of companies with financial and insurance activities was 69 million euros in Timișoara alone. The geographical position of the county in the immediate vicinity of the border with Hungary and Serbia leads to a high transit tourism, but with short and medium length of stay. The main form of tourism practiced in

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2244-400: Is an ingredient of many cosmetics and some perfumes . Menthol and mint essential oil are also used in aromatherapy which may have clinical use to alleviate post-surgery nausea . Although it is used in many consumer products , mint may cause allergic reactions in some people, inducing symptoms such as abdominal cramps , diarrhea , headaches , heartburn , tingling or numbing around

2346-766: Is characterized by fatty, wholesome and tasty food; it can be individualized by the unusual association of salty and sweet taste, by the prevalence of soup to the detriment of stew and by showy desserts with multiple influences. Among the traditional dishes in this area are noodle soup , goulash , papricache  [ hu ] , sauerkraut , sarme , pljeskavica , rasol , cotoroage and fresh pork preparations and semi-preparations ( caltaboș  [ ro ] , sângerete , maioș , sausages , slănină , șonc , tobă , etc.). Desserts include krofne , scovergi , bejgli with walnuts or poppy seeds, Cremeschnitte , Apfelküchle , knedles , dobostorta , ischler  [ hu ] and vargabéles  [ hu ] . In

2448-625: Is characterized by the small-scale presence of forest-steppe plants and by a higher frequency of hydro- and hygrophilous vegetation in low plains and meadows with excess moisture. The extensive agricultural crops in the plain alternate with small areas of secondary meadows dominated by fescue associations ( Festuca valesiaca , Festuca rupicola and Festuca pseudovina ) mixed with wormwood ( Artemisia austriaca ) and others. The deciduous forests, made up of pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur ), Austrian oak ( Quercus cerris ) and Hungarian oak ( Quercus frainetto ), occupy insularly or on compact areas

2550-682: Is known as Temes megye , in German as Kreis Temesch , in Serbian as Тамишки округ/ Tamiški okrug , in Ukrainian as Тімішський повіт, and in Banat Bulgarian as okrug Timiš . Timiș is the largest county in Romania, occupying 8,696.7 km , i.e. 3.65% of the country's area. It is crossed by the 46th parallel north , the 21st meridian east and the 22nd meridian east . On its territory

2652-512: Is known as menta . In Lusophone countries, especially in Portugal , mint species are popularly known as hortelã . In many Indo-Aryan languages , it is called pudīna : Urdu : پودینہ , Hindi : पुदीना , Sindhi : ڦُودنو , Bengali : পুদিনা borrowed from Persian پودنه pudna or پونه puna meaning " pennyroyal ". The taxonomic family Lamiaceae is known as the mint family. It includes many other aromatic herbs, including most of

2754-570: Is represented by the Aranca River and the system of drainage and irrigation canals. The Aranca River springs from the Vinga Plain, close to the Mureș riverbed, between Felnac to the east and Sânpetru German to the west. It covers a distance of 108 km on the territory of Romania, draining an area of 1,016 km. However, the slope of the riverbed is very small, almost horizontal, which is why

2856-570: Is represented by the Recaș – Buziaș area, renowned both in the country and abroad for its wines. Timiș County has a rich musical history. Notable in this respect are the choirs of Banat Bauer . Banat choirs have their origins in church music , learned in schools, where the teacher was both organist, choir conductor, and not infrequently, composer. The choirs, which were to become a real movement in Banat, were an important means of national manifestation of

2958-481: Is represented by: roach , perch , ruffe , pike , bleak , sunfish , brown bullhead , Prussian carp , carp , rudd , etc. The first recorded mention of Dudeștii Vechi dates from 1238 (or 1213 according to other sources). Beșenova , as it was called at that time, belonged to the Cenad Fortress , enjoying privileges and having the right, from 1331, to organize weekly markets. But in the 16th century, both

3060-508: Is strong and diversified, due to the high rate of greenfield and brownfield investments, the western location of the county, the high qualification of the labor force, as well as the entrepreneurial tradition. The most significant share in the total production of the county is held by the manufacturing industry , having as sub-branches: electronics industry , food industry , chemical industry , textile industry , metal and wood processing industry and construction . Although with only 8% of

3162-715: Is the seat of the Archbishopric of Timișoara, the see of the Metropolis of Banat . The archbishopric has jurisdiction over the territory of Timiș County, which is divided into 273 parishes organized in six deaneries (Timișoara I, Timișoara II, Lugoj , Făget , Deta and Sânnicolau Mare ). Timișoara is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Archbishopric of Timișoara and the Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Timișoara and one of

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3264-556: Is the westernmost point of Romania, i.e. Beba Veche , at 20°15'44", in the Triplex Confinium point. Timiș County is part of the West Development Region along with the counties of Arad , Caraș-Severin and Hunedoara , being located in the center of the historical province of Banat . Due to its geographical position, almost a third of the county's borders are at the same time state borders. Thus, in

3366-726: The Danube , to Pančevo . Bega River springs from the Poiana Ruscă Mountains and flows into the Tisza after a route of 244 km, being its southernmost tributary. Downstream, towards the western edge, up to the border, the course of the Bega River is completely canalized. The Bega Canal is navigable both in Romania and in Serbia, having a length of 44 km only in Romania. The natural lakes, with small areas and depths, are represented by

3468-531: The Ministry of Education , gathering about 8% of the total number of students at national level. Higher education takes place in eight universities in the county, four public and four private : At the county level, there are 22 hospitals (15 public and seven private), five medical dispensaries , three mental health centers, 522 medical offices (school, student and family medicine ), 846 dental offices, 115 medical laboratories , 87 dental laboratories and

3570-399: The fortress of Timișoara . The golden sun symbolizes, through its position, the lofty goals for which the heroes of this land fought. The silver moon represents the pair of the sun. The wavy silver band on the blue field symbolizes the Timiș River , which gives the county its name. Timiș County has one of the most dynamic economies in Romania. The county's economy gradually transformed from

3672-491: The steppe ( suslik , mole , mole rat , etc.). Mammals are represented by rodents ( suslik , hamster , mole rat , field mouse , hare ), herbivores ( deer ), carnivores ( wolf , polecat , weasel ), omnivores ( fox , wild boar ). Birds are represented by: quail , partridge , starling , pheasant , rook , raven , bustard (rare), corn crake , short-toed lark , cuckoo , etc. There are also birds of prey such as harriers , long-legged buzzards and owls . Aquatic fauna

3774-562: The 15th-century Săraca Monastery, the 15th-century Serbian Orthodox St. George Monastery of Birda , the 18th-century Cebza Monastery and, more recently, the Izvorul Miron Monastery (1912; nicknamed the " Voroneț of Banat") and the Timișeni Monastery (1944). Ecotourism is practiced mainly in the mountainous area in the east of the county, where Lake Surduc is located (the largest lake in western Romania), but also

3876-637: The Aranca River, riverside meadows develop, with large grasses such as: fescue , cock's-foot , foxtail , goosefoot , mint , nettle , horsetail , celandine , bedstraw , St. John's wort , basil , etc. On the fields (interfluves) a halophilous grassy vegetation developed: windgrass , meadow-grass , ryegrass , white clover , feather grass , musk thistle , belladonna , blue eryngo , coltsfoot , foxtail , yarrow , etc. Chamomiles , statices , plantains , wormwoods , wheatgrasses , mints , etc. grow on salt marshes and morasses. The vegetation in

3978-712: The CFR lines 900 ( Bucharest – Timișoara ), 200 ( Brașov – Curtici ) and 300 ( Bucharest – Episcopia Bihor ). The railway line 900 , whose route is Bucharest (north)– Roșiori (north)– Craiova – Filiași – Caransebeș – Timișoara (north), crosses the county on the Lugoj – Timișoara relation. It is part of the Pan-European Corridor IV . In Timiș County there are 133 stations operated by state and private railway operators such as Căile Ferate Române (CFR), Astra Trans Carpatic and Regio Călători . The busiest of them

4080-619: The European transport network by the Central and Global TEN-T networks, so the main corridor that serves it is the Rhine–Danube Corridor , which provides the connection with Vienna , with the central-southern part of Germany ( Munich , Stuttgart and Nuremberg and with Strasbourg . The Orient/East–Med Corridor also crosses the county's territory and connects with Budapest . Inter- and intra-county connections are provided by

4182-600: The German lands of the Habsburg Empire. Religious tourism includes many places of worship, churches and historic monasteries. Among the monastic ensembles are the historic wooden churches in Țara Făgetului, all built after the liberation of Banat from Ottoman occupation (1716), the 11th-century Morisena Monastery (the first monastery in Romania), the 14th-century Partoș Monastery with the relics of St. Joseph of Partoș,

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4284-671: The Lipova Plateau, the Lugoj and Pogăniș Hills and partly the Gătaia Plain. In the eastern extremity of Timiș County there are sessile oak forests ( Quercus petraea ) mixed with Austrian oak ( Quercus cerris ), beech forests ( Fagus sylvatica ) mixed with hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus ), and the upper slopes of the Poiana Ruscă Mountains are covered with spruce forests mixed with fir and beech . In Timiș County there are 45 nature reserves that total 134,766.49 ha or about 13% of

4386-501: The World Online recognized the following species: There are a number of plants that have mint in the common English name but which do not belong to the genus Mentha : The mint genus has a large grouping of recognized hybrids. Those accepted by Plants of the World Online are listed below. Parent species are taken from Tucker & Naczi (2007). Synonyms, along with cultivars and varieties where available, are included within

4488-472: The amplitude of these phenomena, since the first half of the 18teenth century, large engineering works (damming, canalization, draining etc.) were made in the region, most of which are still functional today. Among the major flash floods and floods in the Banat Plain, the most important were those of May 1912, June 1966 and April 2005 . The natural vegetation, strongly influenced by human activities,

4590-661: The beginning of the 20th century. At the 2011 census, there were 16 localities – all rural – that had at least 20% Hungarian population. However, their total population represents only 12.6% of the Hungarian population in the county. This is explained by the migration of Hungarians from rural to urban areas after 1990. By weight, the largest Hungarian communities are found in Otelec ( Ótelek ; 75.1%), Cherestur ( Pusztakeresztúr ; 69.7%), Bodo ( Nagybodófalva ; 64%), Tormac ( Végvár ; 60.6%) and Otvești ( Ötvösd ; 52.6%). Roma are

4692-433: The climate of hilly and mountainous regions). The western area of the Banat Plain is classified according to Köppen's guide as Cfa , and the mountainous area in the east of the county as Dfb . Due to the high uniformity of the relief, the average annual temperatures are poorly differentiated on the territory of Timiș County. The annual averages are close to 11 °C in the region with plain climate and decrease by 1–2 °C on

4794-404: The coat of arms is inscribed in capital letters in vermilion the word "Romania", and below it is inscribed with the same characters in cobalt blue the words "Timiș County". The county flag was approved in 2021. The coat of arms was approved in 2002 and consists of a cut shield ; at the top, on the red field , a golden lion coming out of the battlements of a wall of built gold; the lion holds

4896-675: The communist period, most Germans in Timiș County left for Germany and Austria , with one last wave after 1990. At present, they account for merely 1/24 of the number at the 1900 census, when the highest number of Germans was recorded. Banat Bulgarians , a Bulgarian Catholic minority, began settling in Banat in the late 17th century from the north and northwest of today's Bulgaria . The largest communities of Banat Bulgarians in Timiș County live in Breștea ( Brešća ; 80.3%), Dudeștii Vechi ( Stár Bišnov ; 66.5%) and Denta ( Dénta ; 5.2%). In Timiș County there are over 300 places of worship. Timisoara

4998-587: The county is business tourism , followed by recreational, shopping and gastronomic tourism. The tourist infrastructure of Timiș County consists of 56 hotels , 14 hostels , two motels , a campsite , four tourist villas, 49 tourist pensions, 27 agritourism pensions and two camps for students and preschoolers with an accommodation capacity of 7,746 places. In 2019, Timiș County had 396,644 tourists, of which 30% were foreigners. Cultural-historical tourism includes many objectives in historical and archeological sites, architectural monuments and museums. Timișoara has

5100-637: The county seat at Timișoara . It is the westernmost and the largest county in Romania in terms of land area. The county is also part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion . The name of the county comes from the Timiș River , known in Roman antiquity as Tibisis or Tibiscus . According to Lajos Kiss' etymological dictionary , the name of the river probably comes from the Dacian language : thibh-isjo ("marshy"). In Hungarian , Timiș County

5202-459: The county's area. The fauna, adapted to the relief and vegetation conditions, includes steppe species ( hares , ground squirrels , polecats , field mice , moles , rollers , quails , partridges , larks , starlings , lizards , various insects), forest species ( deer , squirrels , bears , wolves , foxes , wild boars , wildcats , dormice , jays , salamanders , etc.) and water species ( herons , mallards , geese , storks , frogs and

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5304-598: The county's area; the hills cover about 1,650 km , i.e. 19.01%; and the mountains cover a relatively small area of 300 km , i.e. 3.45%. The plain penetrates in a gulf-like manner the hilly areas, on the valleys of Timiș (towards Lugoj ) and Bega (towards Făget ). In the east of the county lie the pre-mountain hills of Buziaș and the southern sector of the Lipova Plateau, whose peaks rise to altitudes between 200 and 400 m. The hills of Lăpugiu, Făget, Lugoj, Lipova, Silagiu and Sacoș are rich in pastures, orchards of fruit trees, vineyards, but also in cereal crops. The relief in

5406-473: The county, the Banatul Philharmonic , was founded in 1947 and organizes, in addition to the music season, events in unconventional spaces and successful festivals, such as Timișoara muzicală , the longest-lived cultural festival in Timișoara, which debuted in 1968. The first music school in the county was founded by the Hungarian administration in 1907 in Timișoara. Until 1907, music education

5508-567: The county, which cross the territory through the center, dividing it into two halves, south and north, are Timiș and Bega . Timiș is the largest inland river in Banat, which has its sources on the eastern slopes of the Semenic Mountains , in Caraș-Severin County . The river is formed at the confluence of three branches: Semenic, Grădiște and Brebu. It crosses the whole of Timiș County, then passes into Serbia where it flows into

5610-610: The current building in which the Dudeștii Vechi Town Hall operates is built. The railway between Vălcani and Periam was inaugurated thirty years later. Around 1894, the first branch of a political formation appeared – the Socialist Party, the head of the branch being Petru Telbis. After the loss of power, the Socialists (known locally as țoțuliști ) emigrated to America to work. Around the same time, thanks to

5712-553: The eastern part of the county is dominated by the Poiana Ruscă Mountains, with deep valleys and steep slopes, with heights that rarely exceed 1300 m (Padeș peak – 1374 m, Rusca peak – 1355 m). Located in the southeastern part of the Pannonian Plain , the subsoil of Timiș County there are deposits of lignite ( Sinersig ), basalt ( Lucareț – Șanovița ), manganese ( Pietroasa ), clay ( Biled , Cărpiniș , Jimbolia , Lugoj and Sânnicolau Mare ), crude oil and gas (in

5814-409: The eastern part there are forests of fir , spruce and beech . In the other parts of the county there are small forests of oak , Austrian oak , Hungarian oak , and in the meadows – poplars and willows . The hydrographic network of Timiș County, spread over 3,104 km, is composed of two hydrographic basins: Bega–Timiș–Caraș and Mureș. The most important rivers in size and hydropower potential in

5916-591: The end of the 17th century and during the 18th century, in three successive waves, during the reigns of Charles VI , Maria Theresa and Joseph II . They came from different areas of Germany, especially Rhineland , the Palatinate and Swabia , but also Luxembourg , Lorraine , Alsace , Westphalia , Hesse , East Franconia and Bavaria . Deported to the Soviet Union for forced labor after 1945 and subjected to nationalization and collectivization during

6018-438: The few counties in the country with a positive trade balance. Timiș County's exports consist mainly of the following groups of goods: electrical machines , appliances and equipment (37%), plastics and rubber (14%), means of transport (11%), footwear (9%), optical instruments and appliances (7%), furniture (5%). Timiș County is also the largest importer of consumer goods, after Bucharest. The industry of Timiș County

6120-460: The first stem cell transplant . The Pius Brînzeu County Emergency Clinical Hospital and the Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases from Timișoara were included by the Ministry of Health in the first class of competence (out of five possible). Première Hospital, run by Regina Maria private health network, is the largest private hospital in the west of the country. Timiș County is connected to

6222-938: The ground, or planted above ground in tubs and barrels. Some mints can be propagated by seed, but growth from seed can be an unreliable method for raising mint for two reasons: mint seeds are highly variable (i.e. one might not end up with what was supposedly planted) and some mint varieties are sterile. It is more effective to take and plant cuttings from the runners of healthy mints. The most common and popular mints for commercial cultivation are peppermint ( Mentha × piperita ), native spearmint ( Mentha spicata ), Scotch spearmint ( Mentha x gracilis ), and cornmint ( Mentha arvensis ); also (more recently) apple mint ( Mentha suaveolens ). Mints are supposed to make good companion plants , repelling insect pests and attracting beneficial ones. They are susceptible to whitefly and aphids . Harvesting of mint leaves can be done at any time. Fresh leaves should be used immediately or stored up to

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6324-779: The hills in the east of the county. The averages of the warmest month (July) exceed 21 °C in the plain and fall below 18 °C in the east. The averages of the coldest month (January) are higher than –2 °C in the plain and rise to values higher than –1 °C in the east of the county. The absolute maximum temperature (42 °C) was recorded in Banloc (24 July 2007), and the absolute minimum temperature (–35.3 °C) in Timișoara (29 January 1963). The average multiannual precipitation amounts to increasing quantities from west to east, i.e. 569 mm in Jimbolia, 620.6 mm in Timișoara, 734 mm in Făget and over 1,200 mm on

6426-524: The lake complex of Satchinez (40 ha; 1.5 m deep), the two lakes of Becicherecu Mic (one of 33 ha and another of 13 ha), the Petra pond of Jebel , etc. Between 1969 and 1975, pond-like lakes for flood control , irrigation and fishing were arranged on the courses of both Timiș and Bega. The largest of these, Lake Surduc , was arranged on Gladna stream , a tributary of the Bega, and has an area of 460 ha and

6528-560: The largest architectural ensemble of historic buildings in Romania (about 14,500), consisting of the urban heritage of the Cetate , Iosefin , Fabric and Elisabetin districts. In addition, there are 31 castles and mansions in Timiș County. Notable are the Swabian-specific localities in the western Banat Plain ( Jimbolia , Sânnicolau Mare , Șandra , Lovrin , Lenauheim , etc.), in the past important settlements of colonists from

6630-466: The larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including buff ermine moths, and by beetles, such as Chrysolina coerulans (blue mint beetle) and C. herbacea (mint leaf beetle). All mints thrive near pools of water, lakes, rivers, and cool moist spots in partial shade. In general, mints tolerate a wide range of conditions, and can also be grown in full sun. Mint grows all year round. They are fast-growing, extending their reach along surfaces through

6732-456: The localities near the border with Serbia : Cralovăț (Краљевац/ Kraljevac ; 64.5%), Petrovaselo (Петрово Село/ Petrovo Selo ; 48.4%), Sânmartinu Sârbesc (Српски Семартон/ Srpski Semarton ; 35.6%), Cenei (Ченеј/ Čenej ; 24.2%), Diniaș (Дињаш/ Dinjaš ; 21.8%), etc. Up to the 20th century, the Germans (specifically Banat Swabians ) were a very large community. They were colonized here at

6834-454: The lowest unemployment rates in the country – 0.8% in 2019. Most employees are in manufacturing (27%), trade (15.2%) and agriculture (15.1%). Timiș stands out as the second business pole at national level, after Bucharest–Ilfov , with a turnover of companies of 72 billion lei, which constitutes about 5% of the turnover of 1,400 billion lei of all companies in Romania. The county's exports stood at over 39.05 billion lei, Timiș being among

6936-491: The main and secondary national roads from which a dense network of local roads emerges. The public road network of Timiș County has a length of about 2,930 km, with a density of 33.7 km/100 km . More detailed, there are about 563 km of national roads, 1,145 km of county roads and 1,222 km of communal roads. Also, Timiș County is served by almost 108 km of motorways , represented by the A1 and A6 motorways. In 2019, Timiș County had

7038-505: The mint helped to spread its scent through the room. Today, it is more commonly used for aromatherapy through the use of essential oils. The word "mint" descends from the Latin word mentha or menta , which is rooted in the Greek words μίνθα mintha , μίνθη minthē or μίντη   mintē meaning " spearmint ". The plant was personified in Greek mythology as Minthe , a nymph who

7140-628: The mints their characteristic aromas and flavors are menthol (the main aroma of peppermint and Japanese peppermint) and pulegone (in pennyroyal and Corsican mint). The compound primarily responsible for the aroma and flavor of spearmint is L - carvone . The ancient Greeks rubbed mint on their arms, believing it would make them stronger. Mint was originally used as a medicinal herb to treat stomach ache and chest pains . There are several uses in traditional medicine and preliminary research for possible use of peppermint in treating irritable bowel syndrome . Menthol from mint essential oil (40–90%)

7242-459: The more common cooking herbs, such as basil , rosemary , sage , oregano , and catnip . As an English colloquial term, any small mint-flavored confectionery item can be called a mint. In common usage, other plants with fragrant leaves may be called "mint", although they are not in the mint family: Mentha pliocenica fossil seeds have been excavated in Pliocene deposits of Dvorets on

7344-532: The mouth, anaphylaxis , or contact dermatitis . Mint oil is also used as an environmentally friendly insecticide for its ability to kill some common pests such as wasps, hornets, ants, and cockroaches. Known in Greek mythology as the herb of hospitality, one of mint's first known uses in Europe was as a room deodorizer. The herb was strewn across floors to cover the smell of the hard-packed soil. Stepping on

7446-653: The national average, and an annual growth rate of 5–10%. At national level, it ranks third in terms of GDP , reaching 62.5 billion lei in 2021, with a contribution of 6.5% of Romania's total GDP, having a developed economy and among the highest entrepreneurial rates in the country (36 SMEs per 1,000 inhabitants in 2019). The most important sector represented locally is the automotive industry , supported by large companies such as Continental , Delphi Packard , Hella , Mahle , Dräxlmaier , Flex , etc. In recent years, certain high tech know-how-intensive services , such as IT&C , have seen strong growth. Timiș has one of

7548-453: The national rate but decreasing amid an expanding suburbanization . According to the 2011 census, Hungarians are the largest ethnic minority in Timiș County, numbering 35,295 people or 5.2% of the county's population. Significant concentrations of the Hungarian population follow the areas where the policy of colonization of the Kingdom of Hungary manifested itself in the 19th century and

7650-693: The nine deaneries of the Reformed Eparchy of Piatra Craiului . Lugoj is the seat of the Greek Catholic Archbishopric of Lugoj and one of the two deaneries of the Ukrainian Orthodox Vicarage . Timiș County is administered by a county council ( consiliu județean ) consisting of 36 councilors. Following the 2020 local elections , the council is chaired by Alin Nica  [ ro ] from PNL , and

7752-570: The nobility and the serfdom left the village, which then came under Turkish rule. On a map from 1715, the locality is mentioned under the name Besenyö as a settlement with a church and a kule , but on Count Mercy 's map of 1723 the place is recorded as a deserted settlement. The present-day settlement was re-established in 1738 and colonized by Bulgarians from Nikopol and its environs. Other Bulgarians settled in Lovrin , but from there, in 1742, 200 families moved to Beșenova. In 1779, Beșenova Veche

7854-486: The north, Hunedoara to the east and Caraș-Severin to the southeast. The relief is characterized by the predominance of plains , which cover the western part (low plain) and the central part (high plain) of the county. Timiș County features all landforms , with altitudes between 75 m in Banat Plain and 1,374 m in Poiana Ruscă Mountains . Proportionally, the plain covers about 6,700 km , representing 77.2% of

7956-584: The northwestern part, it borders Csongrád-Csanád County ( Hungary ), 18 km of this border being on the Mureș River . To the southwest, between Beba Veche and Lățunaș , Timiș County borders the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina ( Serbia ). The land connection with the counties of the neighboring countries is ensured by the border crossing points from Cenad , Moravița and Jimbolia . The neighboring Romanian counties with Timiș County are Arad to

8058-434: The number of animals in the private sector. As of 2019, livestock in Timiș County consisted of 1,524,625 birds , 612,638 sheep , 605,619 swine , 45,332 bee families, 37,305 cattle , 21,890 goats and 5,659 horses . Unlike industry, trade and construction, which also generates a large part of the gross value added (GVA) of the county economy, agriculture stands out with a very high share of employment correlated with

8160-473: The number of companies in Timiș, the manufacturing industry registers a turnover of 40% of the county's total. Timiș County ranks first in the country in terms of both agricultural and arable land. Timiș County has an agricultural area of 691,299 ha, of which 531,472 ha is arable land , 118,671 pastures , 28,632 hayfields , 4,121 vineyards and vine nurseries and 8,403 orchards and fruit nurseries. One of

8262-405: The oldest and most important agricultural activities in the county, with favorable climatic conditions, is the cultivation of cereals and technical plants, and viticulture is practiced in most of the communes in the plain and hill area of the county. Places like Recaș , Buziaș and Giarmata are renowned for their wine production . The production of vegetables in individual micro-farms is also

8364-475: The only school in Romania where Bulgarian language is taught to all grades. As of 2004, education in Bulgarian was optional, but efforts were made to transform the school into a bilingual one. Timi%C8%99 County Timiș ( Romanian pronunciation: [ˈtimiʃ] ) is a county ( județ ) of western Romania on the border with Hungary and Serbia , in the historical region of Banat , with

8466-463: The people of Banat, through which the Romanian language and culture were promoted. The oldest Romanian choir in Banat was the plowmen's vocal choir, founded in 1857 in Chizătău , which was born from the old church choir. It was also the most famous and appreciated choral formation in the area, which had resounding success at various competitions and festivals, along with other Banat choirs. Banat choirs had

8568-420: The political composition of the council is as follows: Timiș County is divided into two municipalities ( municipiu ), eight towns ( oraș ) and 89 communes ( comună ) with 313 villages: The flag of Timiș County has a rectangular shape, with its width equal to ⅔ of its length and consists of the county coat of arms superimposed on a white background. White chosen for the flag signifies purity and peace. Above

8670-549: The population, ethnicity is unknown. By religion, most inhabitants are Roman Catholics (71.43%), but there are also minorities of Orthodox (20.65%) and Pentecostals (1.62%). For 4.93% of the population, religious affiliation is unknown. The school in Dudeștii Vechi was founded in 1745 by the Bulgarian settlers with the help of the Roman Catholic Church . It is the oldest school of the Bulgarian diaspora and

8772-513: The presence of watercourses, human intervention, by plowing, grazing or land improvement works, etc.), the vegetation can be divided into three categories: woody vegetation, grassy vegetation and swamp vegetation. The woody vegetation is represented by bushes and trees that have developed on reproductive lands, along canals, ditches, roads and railways. Some of the characteristic species are: poplar , willow , locust , oak , elm , hazelnut , dog rose , blackthorn , lilac , privet , etc. Along

8874-755: The ridges of the Poiana Ruscă Mountains. The maximum rainfall occurs in June, as a result of the intensification of cyclonic activity in the North Atlantic or in the Mediterranean basin. On the other hand, the lowest average monthly amounts fall in February–March. The snow layer is unstable and has insignificant thicknesses. Predominant winds blow from the north (16.9%), east (15%), northwest (9.1%) and south (8.4%), with average annual speeds between 1.2 and 3.8 m/s. Local winds include austru (dry wind from

8976-475: The river is very winding, with many meanders, disentanglements and abandoned arms. The Aranca course was connected to a system of canals built in order to drain and eliminate excess water from the soil surface. On the territory of Dudeștii Vechi, the most important is the Aranca–Mureș Canal, with a length of 17.5 km and a width of 31.28 m. Its banks were dammed over a length of 10 km. Other canals located near

9078-492: The school year 2019/2020, Timiș County had a school population of 177,301: 25,266 children in pre-school education , 97,934 pupils in pre-university education and 54,101 students in university , post-university , academic and continuing education . In Timiș County, 617 educational units are accredited and authorized, of which 580 are state-funded . Timișoara is one of the four national university centers, together with Bucharest , Cluj-Napoca and Iași , as established by

9180-510: The second largest minority, with 14,525 people (or 2.1% of the county's population) at the 2011 census, although unofficial estimates put the figure at 45,000. Măguri , a component locality of Lugoj municipality, is the only village in the county where the Roma have an absolute majority (69.4% in 2011). The largest communities of Serbs , Germans and Bulgarians in Romania also live in Timiș County. The number of Serbs living in Timiș exceeds 10,000. Most of them are located in Timișoara and in

9282-547: The south), coșavă (high-speed cold wind), rușavăț (in the Banat Plain) and mountain breezes (in the east). Ethnic composition of Timiș County (2021) Religious composition of Timiș County (2021) According to the 2021 census , Timiș County had a population of 650,533 (or 3.4% of the country's population), being the sixth most populous county in Romania. The population density was 74.8/km (193.7/sq mi). Timiș County has an urbanization rate of 61.8%, above

9384-469: The southwestern air currents from the Adriatic Sea , determine a "taming" of winter rigors. The average annual temperature at the nearest station is 10.8 °C, the average amount of precipitation is relatively low (544.3 mm), and the number of rainy days is low during the year (less than 110 days). These values prove the arid, steppe character of the climate in this area. The surface hydrographic network

9486-410: The specific nothospecies. There are hundreds of common English names for species and cultivars of Mentha . These include: The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution across Europe, Africa – (Southern Africa), Asia, Australia – Oceania, North America and South America. Its species can be found in many environments, but most grow best in wet environments and moist soils. Mints are used as food by

9588-422: The subsoil of "pits" of stronger sandy clays or local "swellings" of the clay, due to a higher local groundwater level). The climate is temperate continental , with Western European and sub-Mediterranean influences. The former are felt by the predominance of western and northwestern air currents and the reduction of the climatic contrast between winter and summer, and the sub-Mediterranean influences, determined by

9690-651: The swampy areas is represented by: bur-reed , Johnson grass , sedge , scouring rush , creeping buttercup , etc. A specific flora develops on the canals, represented by: water lilies , reeds , rushes , arrowhead , water silk , pondweeds , willows , osiers , etc. A variety of weeds appear in the cultivated fields, such as: wheatgrass , knotgrass , Johnson grass , pigweed , corn-cockle , field thistle , white clover , red poppy , cornflower , spiny restharrow , burdock , danewort , etc. The terrestrial fauna presents elements specific to Central Europe ( wolf , fox , wild boar , etc.), but also elements specific to

9792-587: The united guild of craftsmen, the People's Bank of Cenad and the Delridek Agricultural Bank opened their first subsidiaries here. Ethnic composition (2011) Religious composition (2011) Dudeștii Vechi had a population of 4,203 inhabitants at the 2011 census, down 6% from the 2002 census. Most inhabitants are Bulgarians (58.03%), larger minorities being represented by Romanians (26.7%), Roma (5.28%) and Hungarians (3.78%). For 5.04% of

9894-425: The village are Cociohat, located west, Mureșan and Țiganca. The vegetation falls, for the most part, in the forest-steppe area (natural meadows, with small portions of forest, isolated trees and shrubs), although some authors place it in the steppe area. In the historical past, forested lands occupied much larger areas, but were cleared. Depending on its characteristics, determined by the living environment (soils,

9996-483: The western part of the county), sand ( Șag ) and glass sand ( Groși – Făget , Tomești and Gladna Montană ). Mineral waters are also exploited in Buziaș , Călacea , Ivanda , Bogda and Timișoara . The soil of Timiș County offers extremely favorable conditions for the cultivation of agricultural plants, especially for the cultivation of cereals, but also for technical and fodder plants, as well as for fruit growing and viticulture . The forests are relatively few. In

10098-484: Was beloved by Hades and was transformed into a mint plant by either Persephone or Demeter . This, in turn, ultimately derived from a proto-Indo-European root that is also the origin of the Sanskrit -mantha, mathana ( premna serratifolia ). References to "mint leaves", without a qualifier like "peppermint" or "apple mint", generally refer to spearmint leaves. In Spain and Central and South America , mint

10200-774: Was excluded in a 2007 treatment of the genus. More than 3,000 names have been published in the genus Mentha , at ranks from species to forms, the majority of which are regarded as synonyms or illegitimate names . The taxonomy of the genus is made difficult because many species hybridize readily, or are themselves derived from possibly ancient hybridization events. Seeds from hybrids give rise to variable offspring, which may spread through vegetative propagation. The variability has led to what has been described as "paroxysms of species and subspecific taxa"; for example, one taxonomist published 434 new mint taxa for central Europe alone between 1911 and 1916. Recent sources recognize between 18 and 24 species. As of December 2020 , Plants of

10302-497: Was exclusively private. Banat cuisine has been strongly influenced by the Austro-Hungarian one , but to a large extent by Greek , Italian and French cuisines too. The dishes prepared in Banat are mostly made of pork , chicken or beef , with vegetables fried in lard or oil , with flour sauces, to make them more consistent, seasoned with pepper , thyme , paprika or caraway . Broadly speaking, Banat cuisine

10404-582: Was included in Torontál County and was governed by the laws of the Austrian state, in a permissive, democratic style, using the Bulgarian language in relations with its countrymen. In 1787, when Gjura Lebanovici was mayor of Beșenova, the village was raised by Joseph II to the rank of town and was given the right to hold a weekly market every Thursday and, twice a year, on 15 May and 15 November,

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