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47-597: The brewery was founded in 1825 by Franz Geyer , a gingerbread baker and mead producer. After World War II ended in 1945, Laško was the fifth-largest in Yugoslavia , and by 1991 it was the largest among 28 Yugoslav breweries. It lost much of the Yugoslav market in 1991 after Slovenia declared independence and during the resulting Ten-Day War , although sales rebounded during the 1990s. In 2016 Laško and Union were formally merged into Pivovarna Laško Union d.d. under

94-620: A cookie jar . In Scotland, the term "cookie" is sometimes used to describe a plain bun . Cookies that are baked as a solid layer on a sheet pan and then cut, rather than being baked as individual pieces, are called bar cookies in American English or traybakes in British English . The word cookie dates from at least 1701 in Scottish usage where the word meant "plain bun", rather than thin baked good, and so it

141-765: A ginger snap . Originally, the term gingerbread (from Latin zingiber via Old French gingebras ) referred to preserved ginger . It then referred to a confection made with honey and spices. Gingerbread is often used to translate the French term pain d'épices ( lit.   ' spice bread ' ) or the German and Polish terms Pfefferkuchen and Piernik respectively ( lit.   ' pepper cake ' because it used to contain pepper) or Lebkuchen (of unclear etymology; either Latin libum , meaning "sacrifice" or "sacrificial bread," or German Laib for loaf or German for life, leben ). Pepper

188-564: A chocolate covering and can be found traditionally filled with Dulche de Leche. In Germany gingerbread is made in two forms: a soft form called Lebkuchen and a harder form, particularly associated with carnivals and street markets such as the Christmas markets that occur in many German towns. The hard gingerbread is made in decorative shapes, which are then further decorated with sweets and icing. The tradition of cutting gingerbread into shapes takes many other forms and exists in many countries,

235-403: A confection named yiyinbre is a gingerbread cake made with ginger and molasses; it is typical of the region of Chiriquí . Another popular confection is quequi or queque , a chewy biscuit made with ginger, molasses, and coconut. In Brazil, "Pão de Mel", literally meaning honey cake, is a popular treat, it consists in a type of gingerbread made with honey and other spices in small circles with

282-418: A culinary device used to cut rolled cookie dough into shapes, is also used metaphorically to refer to items or things "having the same configuration or look as many others" (e.g., a "cookie cutter tract house ") or to label something as "stereotyped or formulaic" (e.g., an action movie filled with "generic cookie cutter characters"). "Cookie duster" is a whimsical expression for a mustache . Cookie Monster

329-411: A far higher temperature. Thus a cake made with butter or eggs in place of water is much denser after removal from the oven. Rather than evaporating as water does in a baking cake, oils in cookies remain. These oils saturate the cavities created during baking by bubbles of escaping gases. These gases are primarily composed of steam vaporized from the egg whites and the carbon dioxide released by heating

376-479: A new brewery in 1867 at the foot of St. Kristofa and Šmihel (2nd location – former Volna), which at the time was the largest in Lower Styria . He was famous for the fact that he personally controlled the quality of the beer and even improved it, and he also increased the capacity of the brewery. In 1889, the brewery was bought by Simon Kukec, a brewer from Žal, a strongly Slovene-oriented nationalist. Because he

423-475: A smart cookie is "someone who is clever and good at dealing with difficult situations." The word "cookie" has been vulgar slang for "vagina" in the US since 1970. The word "cookies" is used to refer to the contents of the stomach, often in reference to vomiting (e.g., "pop your cookies", a 1960s expression, or "toss your cookies", a 1970s expression). The expression "cookie cutter", in addition to referring literally to

470-412: A soft interior. Other types of cookies are not baked at all, such as varieties of peanut butter cookies that use solidified chocolate rather than set eggs and wheat gluten as a binder. Cookies are produced in a wide variety of styles, using an array of ingredients including sugars, spices , chocolate, butter , peanut butter, nuts , or dried fruits . A general theory of cookies may be formulated in

517-453: A spongy honey cake (a fruitcake). Cookie A cookie ( American English ) or biscuit ( British English ) is a baked snack or dessert that is typically small, flat, and sweet. It usually contains flour , sugar , egg , and some type of oil , fat , or butter . It may include other ingredients such as raisins , oats , chocolate chips , or nuts. Most English-speaking countries call crunchy cookies " biscuits ", except for

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564-518: A well-known example being the gingerbread man . Traditionally, these were dunked in port wine . At Oktoberfest in Munich , it is customary for men to buy large gingerbread cookies in the shape of a heart, with a ribbon for their sweetheart to wear around their neck. The cookies are iced with romantic phrases like " Ich liebe dich " (I love you). In Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine, the honey cake eaten at Rosh Hashanah (New Year) closely resembles

611-430: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Slovenia -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Gingerbread Gingerbread refers to a broad category of baked goods , typically flavored with ginger , cloves , nutmeg , and cinnamon and sweetened with honey , sugar , or molasses . Gingerbread foods vary, ranging from a moist loaf cake to forms nearly as crisp as

658-582: Is a form of soft gingerbread cake made with oatmeal and treacle which is popular in northern England, originating in Yorkshire . In the United States, this form of gingerbread is sometimes called "gingerbread cake" or "ginger cake" to distinguish it from the harder forms. French pain d'épices is somewhat similar, though generally slightly drier, and involves honey rather than treacle and uses less spice than other breads in this category. In Panama,

705-400: Is also referenced in regional names like Norwegian pepperkaker or Czech perník (originally peprník ). The meaning of gingerbread has evolved over time. For centuries the term referred to a traditional European pastry, very like a modern cookie , traditionally used to make gingerbread men . In the United States the first known recipe for "Soft gingerbread to be baked in pans"

752-496: Is called turtă dulce and usually has sugar glazing. A variety of gingerbread in Bulgaria is known as меденка ("made of honey"). Traditionally the cookie is as big as the palm of a hand, round and flat, and with a thin layer of chocolate. Other common ingredients include honey, cinnamon, ginger, and dried clove. In Ukraine , medivnyk ("made of honey") means either dry honey cookie (a prianyk , also called medyanyk ) or

799-687: Is found in Amelia Simmons ' 1796 cookbook, American Cookery . Gingerbread is claimed to have been brought to Europe in 992 AD by the Armenian monk Gregory of Nicopolis (also called Gregory Makar and Grégoire de Nicopolis). He left Nicopolis (in modern-day western Greece) to live in Bondaroy (north-central France), near the town of Pithiviers . He stayed there for seven years until he died in 999 and taught gingerbread baking to French Christians. It may have been brought to Western Europe from

846-674: Is mentioned in Christian Isobel Johnstone 's The Cook and Housewife's Manual (also known as Meg Dod 's Cookery) (1826) published under the pseudonym of "Mrs. Margaret Dods, of the Cleikum Inn, Saint Ronan's", evoking the character of Margaret Dods, the hostess of the Cleikum Inn in Walter Scott's novel Saint Ronan's Well (1823).It was immensely popular, and in which, she used characters Scott's to give commentary on preparing national specialties. Parkin

893-595: Is not certain whether it is the same word. From 1808, the word "cookie" is attested "...in the sense of "small, flat, sweet cake" in American English . The American use is derived from Dutch koekje "little cake", which is a diminutive of " koek " ("cake"), which came from the Middle Dutch word " koke " with an informal, dialect variant koekie . According to the Scottish National Dictionary , its Scottish name may derive from

940-433: Is the first written recipe for the cakey old-fashioned American gingerbread. In England, gingerbread may refer to a cake, or type of biscuit made with ginger. In the biscuit form, it commonly takes the form of a gingerbread man . Gingerbread men were first attributed to the court of Queen Elizabeth I , who served the figurines to foreign dignitaries. Today, however, they are generally served around Christmas. Gingerbread

987-646: The diminutive form (+ suffix -ie ) of the word cook , giving the Middle Scots cookie , cooky or cu(c)kie . There was much trade and cultural contact across the North Sea between the Low Countries and Scotland during the Middle Ages , which can also be seen in the history of curling and, perhaps, golf . Cookies are most commonly baked until crisp or else for just long enough to ensure

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1034-468: The 1640s. Gingerbread became widely available in the 18th century. Gingerbread came to the Americas with settlers from Europe. Molasses , less expensive than sugar, soon became a common ingredient and produced a softer cake. The first printed American cookbook, American Cookery by Amelia Simmons, contained seven different recipes for gingerbread. Her recipe for "Soft gingerbread to be baked in pans"

1081-536: The 16th century, where they were sold in monasteries, pharmacies, and town square farmers' markets. One hundred years later, the town of Market Drayton in Shropshire became known for its gingerbread, as is displayed on their town's welcome sign, stating that it is the "home of gingerbread". The first recorded mention of gingerbread being baked in the town dates to 1793, although it was probably made earlier, as ginger had been stocked in high street businesses since

1128-576: The Dutch peperkoek or the German Lebkuchen , though it has wide regional variations. In Switzerland , a gingerbread confection known as "biber" is typically a two-centimeter (approximately ¾ of an inch) thick rectangular gingerbread cake with a marzipan filling. The cantons of Appenzell and St. Gallen is famous for biber, which are artfully adorned with images of the Appenzell bear or

1175-658: The Dutch in New Amsterdam in the late 1620s. The Dutch word " koekje " was Anglicized to "cookie" or cooky. The earliest reference to cookies in America is in 1703, when "The Dutch in New York provided...'in 1703...at a funeral 800 cookies... ' " The modern form of cookies, which is based on creaming butter and sugar together, did not appear commonly until the 18th century. The Industrial Revolution in Britain and

1222-595: The Owner Heineken . In 1825, the physician and lecturer Franz Geyer set up a craft brewery in the former Valvasor Hospital (1st location – today's Hotel Savinja), where the first brewer in Laško probably brewed stone beer ( Steinbier ), which was otherwise known in Carinthia, for thirteen years. However, it is not known whether he did not know how to make technologically more demanding Bavarian beer as well. In 1838,

1269-521: The Russian term for 'spices'. Historically three main centers of gingerbread production have developed in the cities of Vyazma , Gorodets , and Tula . Gingerbreads from Tver , Saint Petersburg , and Moscow were also well known in the Russian Empire . A classic Russian gingerbread is made with rye flour, honey, sugar, butter, eggs and various spices; it has an embossed ornament and/or text on

1316-795: The St. Gallen cathedral respectively by engraving or icing. In the Netherlands and Belgium , a soft and crumbly gingerbread called peperkoek , kruidkoek or ontbijtkoek is popularly served at breakfast time or during the day, thickly sliced and often topped with butter. In the Nordic and Baltic countries, the most popular form of ginger confection is the pepperkaker ( Norwegian ), pepparkakor ( Swedish ), peberkager ( Danish ), piparkökur ( Icelandic ), piparkakut ( Finnish ), piparkūkas ( Latvian ) or piparkoogid ( Estonian ). They are thin, brittle biscuits that are particularly associated with

1363-698: The United States and Canada, where " biscuit " refers to a type of quick bread . Chewier biscuits are sometimes called "cookies,” even in the Commonwealth . Some cookies may also be named by their shape, such as date squares or bars. Biscuit or cookie variants include sandwich biscuits , such as custard creams , Jammie Dodgers , Bourbons , and Oreos , with marshmallows or jam filling and sometimes dipped in chocolate or another sweet coating. Cookies are often served with beverages such as milk , coffee , or tea and sometimes dunked , an approach which releases more flavour from confections by dissolving

1410-521: The baking powder. This saturation produces the most texturally attractive feature of the cookie, and indeed all fried foods: crispness saturated with a moisture (namely oil) that does not render soggy the food it has soaked into. Cookie-like hard wafers have existed for as long as baking is documented, in part because they survive travel very well, but they were usually not sweet enough to be considered cookies by modern standards. Cookies appear to have their origins in 7th century AD Persia , shortly after

1457-613: The brewery was bought by Heinrich August Uhlich, who gave Laško beer a real reputation. As the owner of the bathhouse in Rimske Toplice, he served his beer to foreign guests and, due to his origin in Trieste, drove it to Trieste, a commercial center with connoisseurs of good food and drink. He also proved to be an enterprising wholesaler, as his beer was drunk even in Alexandria and Calcutta. The next owner, Anton Larisch, built

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1504-694: The consumers it created saw cookies (biscuits) become products for the masses, and firms such as Huntley & Palmers (formed in 1822), McVitie's (formed in 1830) and Carr's (formed in 1831) were all established. The decorative biscuit tin , invented by Huntley & Palmers in 1831, saw British cookies exported around the world. In 1891, Cadbury filed a patent for a chocolate-coated cookie . Cookies are broadly classified according to how they are formed or made, including at least these categories: Other types of cookies are classified for other reasons, such as their ingredients, size, or intended time of serving: Leah Ettman from Nutrition Action has criticized

1551-685: The eastern Mediterranean in the 11th century. Since the 13th century, Toruń gingerbread was made in Toruń, then State of the Teutonic Order (now Poland ). It gained fame in the realm and abroad when it was brought to Sweden by German immigrants. In 15th-century Germany, a gingerbread guild controlled production. Early references from the Vadstena Abbey show that the Swedish nuns baked gingerbread to ease indigestion in 1444. It

1598-497: The extended Christmas period. In Norway and Sweden, pepperkaker/pepparkakor are also used as window decorations (the pepperkaker/pepparkakor are a little thicker than usual and are decorated with glaze and candy). Many families bake pepperkaker/pepparkakor/brunkager as a tradition. In Russia , a gingerbread maker was first mentioned in Kazan cadastres in 1568. Gingerbread confections are called pryaniki (sg. pryanik ), derived from

1645-479: The following way. Despite its descent from cakes and other sweetened breads, the cookie in almost all its forms has abandoned water as a medium for cohesion. Water in cakes serves to make the batter as thin as possible, the better to allow bubbles—responsible for a cake's fluffiness—to form. In the cookie the agent of cohesion has become some form of oil. Oils, whether in the form of butter, vegetable oils, or lard, are much more viscous than water and evaporate freely at

1692-471: The front side with royal icing . A Russian gingerbread can also be shaped in various forms and stuffed with varenje and other sweet fillings. In Poland , gingerbreads are known as pierniki (singular: piernik). Some cities have traditional regional styles. Toruń gingerbread ( piernik toruński ) is a traditional Polish gingerbread that has been produced since the Middle Ages in the city of Toruń. It

1739-667: The high-calorie count and fat content of supersized cookies, which are extra large cookies; she cites the Panera Kitchen Sink Cookie, a supersized chocolate chip cookie, which measures 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches in diameter and has 800 calories. For busy people who eat breakfast cookies in the morning, Kate Bratskeir from the Huffington Post recommends lower-sugar cookies filled with "heart-healthy nuts and fiber-rich oats". A book on nutrition by Paul Insel et al. notes that "low-fat" or "diet cookies" may have

1786-458: The likeness of some of her important guests. With global travel becoming widespread at that time, cookies made a natural travel companion, a modernized equivalent of the travel cakes used throughout history. One of the most popular early cookies, which traveled especially well and became known on every continent by similar names, was the jumble , a relatively hard cookie made largely from nuts, sweetener, and water. Cookies came to America through

1833-505: The same number of calories as regular cookies, due to added sugar . There are a number of slang usages of the term "cookie". The slang use of "cookie" to mean a person, "especially an attractive woman" is attested to in print since 1920. The catchphrase "that's the way the cookie crumbles", which means "that's just the way things happen" is attested to in print in 1955. Other slang terms include "smart cookie" and "tough cookie." According to The Cambridge International Dictionary of Idioms ,

1880-574: The same way as salty snacks with beer), with whisky, rum or brandy, during midday breaks, by the members of the original (pre-1707) Scottish Parliament , in a secret backroom ( ben the hoose ), at a tavern and shop in Bristo Street in Edinburgh 's Potterrow , behind the university, run by a Mrs Flockhart, AKA Luckie Fykie , the landlady who is thought to be the inspiration for Mrs Flockhart in Walter Scott 's Waverley . The recipe

1927-579: The sugars, while also softening their texture. Factory-made cookies are sold in grocery stores , convenience stores , and vending machines . Fresh-baked cookies are sold at bakeries and coffeehouses . In many English-speaking countries outside North America , including the United Kingdom, the most common word for a crisp cookie is " biscuit ". The term "cookie" is normally used to describe chewier ones. However, in many regions both terms are used. The container used to store cookies may be called

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1974-482: The use of sugar became relatively common in the region. They spread to Europe through the Muslim conquest of Spain . By the 14th century, they were common in all levels of society throughout Europe, from royal cuisine to street vendors. The first documented instance of the figure-shaped gingerbread man was at the court of Elizabeth I of England in the 16th century. She had the gingerbread figures made and presented in

2021-574: Was a favorite delicacy of Chopin when he visited his godfather, Fryderyk Florian Skarbek , in Toruń during school vacation. Kraków gingerbread is the traditional style of the former Polish capital. In the Czech Republic , gingerbread is called perník and it is a popular Christmas biscuit and a decoration. Common shapes include hearts, stars and animals and gingerbread houses are also popular. Towns associated with perník include Pardubice and Miletín . In Romania , gingerbread

2068-417: Was a good organizer, financier, businessman, and on top of that he was particularly fond of innovations, he is considered the most important figure in the history of the Laško brewery. He established a new type of beer and the first beer brand – thermal beer, which still lives today in its derivative form. Through many experiments, he found that thermal water improves the taste of beer. As a good entrepreneur, he

2115-441: Was a traditional confectionery sold at popular fairs, often given as a treat or token of affection to children and lovers "sweethearts" and known as a "fairing" of gingerbread – the name retained now only by Cornish fairings . This crisp brittle type of gingerbread is now represented by the very popular commercial version called the ginger nut biscuit. "Parliament cake" or "Parlies", a very spicy ginger shortbread , were eaten (in

2162-410: Was aware of the need to attract customers with unusual innovations. Therefore, he started to brew thermal beer as light and dark, and in both cases it was also stronger than ordinary beer. The brewery participates in the annual summertime Festival of Beer & Flowers ( Pivo-Cvetje ) in Laško, one of the most popular events for tourists in the country. This beer or brewery -related article

2209-517: Was the custom to bake white biscuits and paint them as window decorations. In England, gingerbread was also thought to have medicinal properties. 16th-century writer John Baret described gingerbread as "a kinde of cake or paste made to comfort the stomacke." Gingerbread was a popular treat at medieval European festivals and fairs, and there were even dedicated gingerbread fairs. The first documented trade of gingerbread biscuits in England dates to

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