Misplaced Pages

#385614

137-454: Montréal–Mirabel International Airport ( IATA : YMX , ICAO : CYMX ), originally called Montréal International Airport , widely known as Mirabel and branded as YMX International Aerocity of Mirabel , is a cargo and former international passenger airport in Mirabel, Quebec , Canada , 21 nautical miles (39 km; 24 mi) northwest of Montreal . It opened on October 4, 1975, and

274-433: A Class C airspace twelve years after becoming a flight service station due to a resurgence in air traffic volume. More than 69,000 movements were reported in 2017, and 72,000 in 2018. The air traffic control service is in service 16 hours a day, from 6:00 AM to 10:00 PM local time. The Class C control zone becomes an advisory Class E — Mirabel was a Class E airspace since 2008 — when the tower isn't in operation. Mirabel

411-745: A central "spine road" through the middle of the airport, bringing the main surface transport artery through the center of the airport, with decentralized terminals arranged along the spine road. This spine road was planned to have four lanes, with the capacity to expand to eight lanes, and room made in the median for an automated people mover to connect the terminals. The six planned runways were to be arranged in three pairs of parallel runways. Two pairs were to be oriented northwest–southwest (the prevailing wind direction), and one pair would be oriented east–west (crosswind). These were to provide capacity for 160 takeoffs and landings every hour, allowing 630,000 annual movements. The runways' lengths would have varied, with

548-424: A computerized visual recognition system. On station platforms, emergency points are available with a telephone connected to the command centre, an emergency power supply cut-off switch and a fire extinguisher. The power supply system is segmented into short sections that can be independently powered, so that following an incident a single train can be stopped while the others reach the nearest station. In tunnels,

685-445: A historical injustice", Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced the return of 4,450 ha of farmland expropriated to build Mirabel airport. About 125 farmers, who rent their land from the federal government, were permitted to buy it back. Harper said he was pleased to finish the work started by former prime minister, Brian Mulroney , who unlocked a major parcel of expropriated land during his first term in office in 1985. In May 2007, it

822-572: A length of 2,700 m (8,800 ft) and in April 2012 was restored to its 3,700 m (12,000 ft) length. From the farthest reach of the parking lot to the airplane seat, one could walk as little as 200 m (656 ft). A train station was also built in the basement for the planned TRRAMM commuter rail service by Société de transport de Montréal (CTCUM), right below the main passenger concourse (and more recently Agence métropolitaine de transport , successor to CTCUM, had planned to extend

959-511: A long-term solution. At the time runway expansion at Dorval would have required the expensive acquisition of land. Optimistic about the city's future and its continuing ability to attract more and more visitors, government officials decided to build a new airport that would be more than able to absorb increased passenger traffic well into the 21st century. The Canadian Department of Transport studied five possible sites for Montreal's new airport: Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu (50 km (31 mi) to

1096-527: A medical supply plant on a part of the 400,000 m (4,300,000 sq ft) site of the former passenger terminal complex, and that Mirajet was building an airpark at the foot of the air traffic control tower with 20 hangars available for lease to civil and business aviation clients. Other tenants at the time included Bombardier Aerospace, Pratt & Whitney Canada's Mirabel Aerospace Centre , Stelia Aerospace (formerly Aerolia), L3 Communication Mas, Avianor and Nolinor, as well as specialized services, creating

1233-611: A moratorium May 19, 1976, to the all-out expansion desired by Mayor Jean Drapeau . Tenders were frozen, including those of Line 2 (Orange Line) after the Snowdon station and those of Line 5 (Blue Line) whose works were yet already underway. A struggle then ensued between the MUC and the Government of Quebec as any extension could not be done without the agreement of both parties. The Montreal Transportation Office might have tried to put

1370-567: A new airport is built, replacing the old one, leaving the city's new "major" airport (or the only remaining airport) code to no longer correspond with the city's name. The original airport in Nashville, Tennessee, was built in 1936 as part of the Works Progress Administration and called Berry Field with the designation, BNA. A new facility known as Nashville International Airport was built in 1987 but still uses BNA. This

1507-614: A new government in Quebec rejected the project, replacing the Metro lines by commuter train lines in its own 1988 transport plan. Yet the provincial elections of 1989 approaching, the Line 7 (White Line) project reappeared and the extensions of Line 5 (Blue Line) to Anjou ( Pie-IX , Viau , Lacordaire , Langelier and Galeries d'Anjou ) and Line 2 (Orange Line) northward ( Deguire / Poirier , Bois-Franc and Salaberry ) were announced. At

SECTION 10

#1732802186386

1644-503: A passenger airport. It soon became apparent that the additional capacity from the opening of Mirabel became redundant. Although this redundancy would have been resolved if Dorval was decommissioned as originally intended, public pressure in support of Dorval prevented its planned closure. Another obstacle of the planned transfer from Dorval to Mirabel was Air Canada's desire to keep flights in Dorval, with its proximity to AVEOS workshops, and

1781-413: A raised path at trains level facilitates evacuation and allows people movement without walking on the tracks. Every 15 meters, directions are indicated by illuminated green signs. Every 150 meters, emergency stations with telephones, power switches and fire hoses can be found. At the ventilation shafts locations in the old tunnels or every 750 meters in recent tunnels sections (Laval), emergency exits reach

1918-677: A reader. Since 2015, customers have been able to purchase an Opus card reader to recharge their personal card online from a computer. As of April 2024, the ARTM added an option to recharge an Opus card directly from the Chrono mobile app. In 2016, the STM is developing a smart phone application featuring NFC technology, which could replace the Opus card. Metro stations are equipped with MétroVision information screens displaying advertising, news headlines from

2055-492: A reason, as well as its facilities being unfit for commercial aviation needs and lacking any economic viability. Aéroports de Montréal had spent $ 30 million in maintenance over a decade, while renovations to keep it operational were estimated at $ 25 million. Several reports suggested that it would simply be less expensive to rebuild a new smaller budget terminal to attract the interests of ultra low cost carriers , such as Flair Airlines , Lynx Air or Swoop , however no plans for

2192-457: A return to commercial air services at Mirabel ever materialized. Mirabel Mayor Jean Bouchard was disappointed as the demolition would result in a significant loss of tax revenues for his municipality. A demolition contract was awarded to Delsan on September 16, 2014, which proceeded with the demolition of the terminal building and surrounding parking structures. Demolition costs had been estimated up to $ 15 million and were expected to take less than

2329-436: A rise in nearby flight schools. Nolinor offers daily flights abroad for employees of various companies, and many medical airplanes now use Mirabel airport as well. Consequently, the airport's air traffic control tower was refurbished and reopened with air traffic controllers specifically trained for it, following a decision in early 2019. On July 11, 2016, Aéroports de Montréal announced that Pama Manufacturing planned to build

2466-508: A single subway line reusing the 1944 plans and extending it all the way to Boulevard Crémazie , right by the D'Youville maintenance shops . By this point, construction was already well underway on Canada's first subway line in Toronto under Yonge Street , which would open in 1954. Still, Montreal councillors remained cautious and no work was initiated. For some of them, including Jean Drapeau during his first municipal term, public transit

2603-523: A total of 3,700 direct jobs at the airport. The Bombardier CSeries (now the Airbus A220 series) continues to be assembled at Mirabel. On May 9, 2019, Aéroports de Montréal announced that the airport would be renamed as 'YMX International Aerocity of Mirabel' as part of ADM's new branding. Under this brand, business will be the main focus of Mirabel while Montréal-Trudeau will be branded as a travel destination. On January 30, 2020, Mirabel airport became

2740-529: A way to provide work for the jobless masses. World War II and the war effort in Montreal resurrected the idea of a metro. In 1944, the MTC proposed a two-line network, with one line running underneath Saint Catherine Street and the other under Saint Denis , Notre-Dame and Saint Jacques Streets. In 1953, the newly formed public Montreal Transportation Commission replaced streetcars with buses and proposed

2877-509: A year to complete. Demolition of the terminal building began in mid-November 2014 and was completed in August 2016. The adjacent abandoned Chateau Aeroport hotel, and its connecting terminal skyway , were left standing, albeit in a deteriorating state. Between 2008 and 2018, Mirabel airport's air traffic more than tripled. The trend rose sharply as of 2016 with the increase of use of the terminal by private passenger flights, helicopter flights and

SECTION 20

#1732802186386

3014-551: Is Georges-Vanier , with 773,078 entries in 2011. The network operations funding (maintenance, equipment purchase and salaries) is provided by the STM. Tickets and subscriptions cover only 40% of the actual operational costs, with the shortfall offset by the urban agglomeration of Montreal (28%), the Montreal Metropolitan Community (5%) and the Government of Quebec (23%). The STM does not keep separate accounts for Metro and buses services, therefore

3151-455: Is GSN and its IATA code is SPN, and some coincide with IATA codes of non-U.S. airports. Canada's unusual codes—which bear little to no similarity with any conventional abbreviation to the city's name—such as YUL in Montréal , and YYZ in Toronto , originated from the two-letter codes used to identify weather reporting stations in the 1930s. The letters preceding the two-letter code follow

3288-456: Is a rubber-tired underground rapid transit system serving Greater Montreal , Quebec, Canada. The metro, operated by the Société de transport de Montréal (STM), was inaugurated on October 14, 1966, during the tenure of Mayor Jean Drapeau . It has expanded since its opening from 22 stations on two lines to 68 stations on four lines totalling 69.2 kilometres (43.0 mi) in length, serving

3425-617: Is available. However, many railway administrations have their own list of codes for their stations, such as the list of Amtrak station codes . Airport codes arose out of the convenience that the practice brought pilots for location identification in the 1930s. Initially, pilots in the United States used the two-letter code from the National Weather Service (NWS) for identifying cities. This system became unmanageable for cities and towns without an NWS identifier, and

3562-493: Is covered by the federal government. Small investments to maintain the network in working order remain entirely the responsibility of the STM. Montreal Metro facilities are patrolled daily by 155 STM inspectors and 115 agents of the Montreal Police Service (SPVM) assigned to the subway. They are in contact with the command centre of the Metro which has 2,000 cameras distributed on the network, coupled with

3699-523: Is different from the name in English, yet the airport code represents only the English name. Examples include: Due to scarcity of codes, some airports are given codes with letters not found in their names: The use of 'X' as a filler letter is a practice to create three-letter identifiers when more straightforward options were unavailable: Some airports in the United States retained their NWS ( National Weather Service ) codes and simply appended an X at

3836-513: Is in conjunction to rules aimed to avoid confusion that seem to apply in the United States, which state that "the first and second letters or second and third letters of an identifier may not be duplicated with less than 200 nautical miles separation." Thus, Washington, D.C. area's three airports all have radically different codes: IAD for Washington–Dulles , DCA for Washington–Reagan (District of Columbia Airport), and BWI for Baltimore (Baltimore–Washington International, formerly BAL). Since HOU

3973-543: Is not followed outside the United States: In addition, since three letter codes starting with Q are widely used in radio communication, cities whose name begins with "Q" also had to find alternate codes, as in the case of: IATA codes should not be confused with the FAA identifiers of U.S. airports. Most FAA identifiers agree with the corresponding IATA codes, but some do not, such as Saipan , whose FAA identifier

4110-486: Is not uncommon for travellers in these sections to let several trains pass before being able to board. Conditions at these stations worsen in summer because of the lack of air conditioning and heat generated by the trains. In 2014, the five most popular stations (in millions of inbound travellers) were Berri–UQAM (12.8), McGill (11.1), Bonaventure (8.1), Guy–Concordia (8.1) and Côte-Vertu (7.6); all of these but Côte-Vertu are located downtown. The least busy station

4247-512: Is scheduled to be completed in 2030. Initial construction work began in August 2022. In 2017, Valérie Plante proposed the Pink Line as part of her campaign for the office of Mayor of Montreal. The new route would have 29 stations and would primarily northeastern Montreal with the downtown areas, as well as the western end of NDG and Lachine. The project has since been added to Quebec's 10-year infrastructure plan, and feasibility studies for

Montréal–Mirabel International Airport - Misplaced Pages Continue

4384-502: Is used almost exclusively for cargo flights, with passenger operations having ceased on October 31, 2004, 29 years after the airport's opening and many years of limited, primarily charter service. Bombardier Aerospace launches newly constructed units from its factory at Mirabel. With very little and then no airline service, and with many empty spaces inside its terminal, Mirabel was the setting of several movies, TV series, and commercials for many years. The 2004 film The Terminal features

4521-416: Is used for William P. Hobby Airport , the new Houston–Intercontinental became IAH. The code BKK was originally assigned to Bangkok–Don Mueang and was later transferred to Suvarnabhumi Airport , while the former adopted DMK. The code ISK was originally assigned to Gandhinagar Airport (Nashik's old airport) and later on transferred to Ozar Airport (Nashik's current airport). Shanghai–Hongqiao retained

4658-797: The 1976 Summer Olympics . In the rush to get the airport open in time for the Olympics, it was decided to transfer flights to Mirabel in two stages. International flights were transferred immediately, while domestic and US flights would continue to be served by Dorval airport until 1982. To ensure Mirabel's survival, all international flights for Montreal were banned from Dorval from 1975 to 1997. The federal government originally predicted that Dorval would be completely saturated by 1985 as part of its justification for building Mirabel. They also projected that 20 million passengers would be passing through Montreal's airports annually, with 17 million of those through Mirabel. However, several factors dramatically reduced

4795-713: The Autorité régionale de transport métropolitain (ARTM), mandated to manage and integrate road transport and public transportation in Greater Montreal; and the Réseau de transport métropolitain (RTM, publicly known as exo), which took over all operations from the former Agence métropolitaine de transport. RTM now operates Montreal's commuter rail and metropolitan bus services, and is the second busiest such system in Canada after Toronto 's GO Transit . Announced in 1998 by

4932-685: The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA). A smaller AOE is still available at the Hélibellule FBO. It is one of only three non-capital airports with fewer than 200,000 passengers a year to be part of the National Airports System . It was one of two airports in Canada with sufficient right-of-way that can be expanded to accommodate 50 million passengers per year, the other being Toronto Pearson International Airport . A lack of traffic meant that Mirabel

5069-571: The Canadian transcontinental railroads were built, each station was assigned its own two-letter Morse code : When the Canadian government established airports, it used the existing railway codes for them as well. If the airport had a weather station, authorities added a "Y" to the front of the code, meaning "Yes" to indicate it had a weather station or some other letter to indicate it did not. When international codes were created in cooperation with

5206-552: The De Maisonneuve Boulevard . It would extend between the English-speaking west at Atwater station and French-speaking east at Frontenac . Line 2 ( Orange Line ) was to run from north of the downtown, from Crémazie station through various residential neighbourhoods to the business district at Place-d'Armes station . Construction of the first two lines began May 23, 1962, under the supervision of

5343-570: The Island of Montreal . After being awarded, in May 1970, the 1976 Summer Olympics , a loan of $ 430 million ($ 2.7 billion in 2016) was approved by the MUC on February 12, 1971, to fund the extensions of Line 1 (Green Line) and Line 2 (Orange Line) and the construction of a transverse line: Line 5 (Blue Line) . The Government of Quebec agreed to bear 60% of the costs. The work on the extensions started October 14, 1971, with Line 1 (Green Line) towards

5480-725: The NASCAR Canadian Tire Series , drag racing, and other forms of motorsport began running on the airport's runways and surrounding areas, on what is known as Circuit ICAR . On September 16, 2013, the Bombardier CS100 took its maiden flight for the first time, making the inaugural flight of the CSeries, from Mirabel Airport, accompanied by a Global 5000 chase plane. On May 1, 2014, Aeroports de Montréal confirmed that Mirabel Airport's terminal building would be demolished, citing its high maintenance cost as

5617-581: The New York City Subway and Mexico City Metro . In 2023, 303,969,500 trips on the Metro were completed. With the Metro and the newer driverless, steel-wheeled Réseau express métropolitain , Montreal has one of North America's largest urban rapid transit systems, attracting the second-highest ridership per capita behind New York City . Urban transit began in Montreal in 1861 when a line of horse-drawn cars started to operate on Craig (now St-Antoine ) and Notre-Dame streets. Eventually, as

Montréal–Mirabel International Airport - Misplaced Pages Continue

5754-681: The North Shore at Deux-Montagnes , was completely renovated in the early 1990s and effectively replaced the planned third line. The next line would thus be numbered 5 (Blue Line) . Subsequently, elements of the line, particularly the Deux-Montagnes commuter train, became the first line of the Réseau Express Métropolitain . The Montreal municipal administration asked municipalities of the South Shore of

5891-611: The RDI , and MétéoMédia weather information, as well as STM-specific information regarding service changes, service delays and other information about using the system. By the end of 2014, the STM had installed screens in all 68 stations. Berri–UQAM station was the first station to have these screens installed. Montreal Metro ridership has more than doubled since it opened: the number of passengers increased from 136 million in 1967 to 357 million in 2014. Montreal has one of North America's busiest public transportation systems with, after New York,

6028-574: The Saint Lawrence River which one would be interested in the Metro and Longueuil got the link. Line 4 (Yellow Line) would therefore pass under the river, from Berri-de-Montigny station , junction of Line 1 (Green Line) and Line 2 (Orange Line) , to Longueuil . A stop was added in between to access the site of Expo 67, built on two islands of the Hochelaga Archipelago in the river. Saint Helen's Island , on which

6165-467: The Saint-Jérôme line to the airport.). The airport was designed by architects Papineau Gérin-Lajoie Le Blanc, who met at McGill's School of Architecture in the 1950s (under the tutelage of John Bland), founded their company in 1960, and parted ways in 1973 before the airport opened its doors after Papineau and another architect, Gordon Buchanan Edwards, left the firm. Mirabel's terminal carried over

6302-570: The Snowdon) station in 1988. Because it was not crowded, the STCUM at first operated Line 5 (Blue Line) weekdays only from 5:30 am to 7:30 pm and was circulating only three-car trains instead of the nine car trains in use along the other lines. Students from the University of Montreal , the main source of customers, obtained extension of the closing time to 11:10 pm and then 0:15 am in 2002. In

6439-576: The Western world experienced an economic boom and Quebec underwent its Quiet Revolution . From August 1, 1960, many municipal services reviewed the project and on November 3, 1961, the Montreal City Council voted appropriations amounting to $ 132 million ($ 1.06 billion in 2016) to construct and equip an initial network 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) in length. The 1961 plan reused several previous studies and planned three lines carved into

6576-603: The réseau express métropolitain (REM), scheduled to open in the second quarter of 2023. The fares for Exo, the REM and the Metro for zone A are only valid on the island of Montreal. In order to take the Exo, REM or Metro trains from Montreal to Laval (zone B), you must have the corresponding fares for that zone; for example, an all modes AB fare. Fare payment is via a barrier system accepting magnetic tickets and RFID -like contactless cards. A rechargeable contactless smart card called Opus

6713-426: The $ 292 million operating costs, before electricity costs (9%). Heavy investment (network extensions) is entirely funded by the provincial government. Renovations and service improvements are subsidized up to 100% by the Government of Canada, the province and the urban agglomeration. For example, 74% of the rolling stock replacement cost is paid for by Quebec while 33% of the bill for upgrades to ventilation structures

6850-533: The 1970s and 1980s, while newer long-range airliners no longer needed to refuel in Montreal prior to trans-Atlantic flights, so passenger levels never approached the levels that had been anticipated. The original plan to eventually close Dorval was discarded, and Mirabel thus turned out to be a white elephant . A decision was made to consolidate Montreal's passenger traffic at Dorval, with scheduled flights and charter flights being shifted in 1997 and 2004, so Mirabel

6987-755: The 1980s with the drop in world oil prices. Montreal was also overtaken by Toronto as Canada's main business centre around this time, due to the Quebec nationalism and French-only language laws that caused numerous companies and non-French residents to move to Toronto. More importantly, the simultaneous operation of Mirabel solely for international flights and Dorval only for continental flights made Montreal less attractive to airlines and travelers alike, in contrast to other cities with multi-airport systems (New York City, Tokyo) where each airport operates independently in allowing international flights to connect to domestic flights. The planned but unbuilt highways and incomplete train routes connecting Mirabel to Montreal compounded

SECTION 50

#1732802186386

7124-526: The Director of Public Works, Lucien L'Allier. On June 11, 1963, the construction costs for tunnels being lower than expected, Line 2 (Orange Line) was extended by two stations at each end and the new termini became the Henri-Bourassa and Bonaventure stations. The project, which employed more than 5,000 workers at its height, and cost the lives of 12 of them, ended on October 14, 1966. The service

7261-627: The Government of Quebec created a supra-municipal agency, the Agence métropolitaine de transport (AMT), whose mandate is to coordinate the development of transport throughout the Greater Montreal area. The AMT was responsible, among others, for the development of the Metro and suburban trains. On June 1, 2017, the AMT was disbanded and replaced by two distinct agencies by the Loi 76 (English: Law 76),

7398-443: The Hélibellule FBO. A total of 15 people can be processed from general aviation aircraft. In August 2007, AirMédic moved from its base at Montréal/Saint-Hubert Airport to Mirabel. AirMédic is a non-profit humane foundation serving the population of Quebec and its visitors with the service of air ambulances. It offers MEDEVAC flights using a Eurocopter Dauphin . In August 2008, the former Agence métropolitaine de transport said it

7535-587: The Parisian influence - as the rubber tired trains could use steeper grades and accelerate faster. 80% of the tunnels were built through rock, as opposed to the traditional cut-and-cover method used for the construction of the Yonge Subway in Toronto. The main line, or Line 1 ( Green Line ) was to pass between the two most important arteries, Saint Catherine and Sherbrooke streets, more or less under

7672-612: The STCUM, the project to extend Line 2 (Orange) past the Henri-Bourassa terminus to the city of Laval , passing under the Rivière des Prairies , was launched March 18, 2002. The extension was decided and funded by the Government of Quebec. The AMT received the mandate of its implementation but the ownership and operation of the line stayed with the Société de transport de Montréal (STCUM successor). The work completed, opening to

7809-494: The U.S. For example, several airports in Alaska have scheduled commercial service, such as Stebbins and Nanwalek , which use FAA codes instead of ICAO codes. Thus, neither system completely includes all airports with scheduled service. Some airports are identified in colloquial speech by their IATA code. Examples include LAX and JFK . Montreal Metro The Montreal Metro ( French : Métro de Montréal )

7946-481: The United States, because "Y" was seldom used in the United States, Canada simply used the weather station codes for its airports, changing the "Y" to a "Z" if it conflicted with an airport code already in use. The result is that most major Canadian airport codes start with "Y" followed by two letters in the city's name (for example, YOW for O tta w a , YWG for W innipe g , YYC for C algar y , or YVR for V ancouve r ), whereas other Canadian airports append

8083-590: The Yellow Line, which continues to Longueuil . Metro service starts at 05:30, and the last trains start their run between 00:30 and 01:00 on weekdays and Sunday, and between 01:00 and 01:30 on Saturday. During rush hour, there are two to four minutes between trains on the Orange and Green Lines . The frequency decreases to 12 minutes during late nights. The Société de transport de Montréal (STM) operates Metro and bus services in Montreal, and transfers between

8220-606: The afforded buffer, which would significantly reduce noise pollution in urban areas. The C$ 716 million expansion of Dorval from 2000 to 2005 gave it the ability to serve 20 million passengers a year, accomplishing one of the goals that was to be met with the construction of Mirabel. (In the 1970s, the federal government had projected that 20 million passengers would be passing through Montreal's airports annually by 1985, with 17 million through Mirabel.) Aéroports de Montréal financed all of these improvements itself, with no government grants. Today, Montréal–Mirabel International Airport

8357-440: The airport itself instead of the city it serves, while another code is reserved which refers to the city itself which can be used to search for flights to any of its airports. For instance: Or using a code for the city in one of the major airports and then assigning another code to another airport: When different cities with the same name each have an airport, they need to be assigned different codes. Examples include: Sometimes,

SECTION 60

#1732802186386

8494-418: The airport's former name, such as Orlando International Airport 's MCO (for Mc C o y Air Force Base), or Chicago's O'Hare International Airport , which is coded ORD for its original name: Or char d Field. In rare cases, the code comes from the airport's unofficial name, such as Kahului Airport 's OGG (for local aviation pioneer Jimmy H ogg ). In large metropolitan areas, airport codes are often named after

8631-487: The airport. The architects charged with the design were Papineau, Gérin-Lajoie, LeBlanc, Edwards. Urban rail transit – the system was to be capable of speeds from 100 to 120 kilometres per hour (62 to 75 mph) for the Montréal–Mirabel run – initially to be called TRRAMM ( Transport Rapide Régional Aéroportuaire Montréal–Mirabel ), was intended to be completed at a later date. However, it never got beyond

8768-557: The amount of projected air traffic into Dorval. Montreal began to decline in importance as an aviation hub after 1974 because of the increasing use of longer-range jets that did not need to refuel in Montreal before crossing the Atlantic from the major Western North American cities. The use of longer-range aircraft was made more attractive by national energy policies that provided Montreal refineries with feedstock at prices substantially below world prices, starting in 1975 and ending in

8905-403: The beginning of the 1990s, there was a significant deficit in public finances across Canada, especially in Quebec, and an economic recession. Metro ridership decreased and the Government of Quebec removed subsidies for the operation of urban public transport. Faced with this situation, the extensions projects were put on hold and the MUC prioritized the renovation of its infrastructures. In 1996,

9042-545: The bureau's award-winning Expo 67 Quebec pavilion design. A minimalist dark glass box sitting on top of a concrete bunker housing maintenance services, the terminal was hailed as an architectural triumph when it first opened. Passengers walked as little as 100 m (328 ft) going from the curb to the gate . Once there, passengers would be transported to their aircraft by Passenger Transfer Vehicles (PTVs), rather than walking through jetways . The PTVs, similar to those at Washington Dulles International Airport , ran from

9179-427: The capacity to be expanded significantly to meeting growing future demand, unlike Dorval. They also noted that Dorval could be closed and its land be developed for prime real estate , and some of the profits could go towards improving access routes to Mirabel and/or the airport itself. The initial location of Mirabel was supposed to be a major justification for the project not only because of its expansion room but also

9316-496: The city centre and the Saint-Lawrence River to link the emerging South Shore neighbourhoods but faced the opposition of railway companies. The Montreal Tramways Company (MTC) was the first to receive the approval of the provincial government in 1913 and four years to start construction. The reluctance of elected city officials to advance funds foiled this first attempt. The issue of a subway remained present in

9453-476: The city grew, a comprehensive network of streetcar lines provided service in most of the city. But urban congestion started to take its toll on streetcar punctuality, so the idea of an underground system was soon considered. In 1902, as European and American cities were inaugurating their first subway systems , the Canadian federal government created the Montreal Subway Company to promote

9590-419: The city, especially by airplane but not always by choice. The federal government required European airlines to make Montreal their only Canadian destination. That resulted in 15–20% annual growth in passenger traffic at the city's Dorval Airport. As noise levels rose due to the increased flights, a nighttime restriction on flights was imposed as a temporary measure to placate nearby residents, but this would not be

9727-502: The code SHA, while the newer Shanghai–Pudong adopted PVG. The opposite was true for Berlin : the airport Berlin–Tegel used the code TXL, while its smaller counterpart Berlin–Schönefeld used SXF; the Berlin Brandenburg Airport has the airport code BER, which is also part of its branding. The airports of Hamburg (HAM) and Hannover (HAJ) are less than 100 nautical miles (190 km) apart and therefore share

9864-489: The connections in Pearson Airport. The simultaneous operating of both Montreal airports without permitting connections resulted in Dorval being overtaken in traffic first by Toronto, then Vancouver and then relegated to fourth by Calgary for a period of time, as international airlines were slow to return to Dorval after it resumed handling international flights in 1997. Only Air Transat held out at Mirabel until

10001-610: The drawing board. The TRRAMM system was also intended to eventually be expanded to other parts of the Montreal region. The major stumbling block for the TRRAMM project was funding. The federal, provincial, and municipal governments never managed to find enough cash to fund the highly ambitious and expensive rapid transit project. Thus, Mirabel was forced to cope with an inadequate road system and non-existent rail transit, supplemented only by express buses. Montréal–Mirabel International Airport opened for business on October 4, 1975, in time for

10138-541: The east to reach the site where the Olympic Stadium was to be built and Autoroute 25 ( Honoré-Beaugrand station) that could serve as a transfer point for visitors arriving from outside. The extensions were an opportunity to make improvements to the network, such as new trains, larger stations and even semi-automatic control. The first extension was completed in June 1976 just before the Olympics. Line 1 (Green Line)

10275-486: The east where it could be a gateway to Quebec City as well as Montreal. In March 1969, the federal and provincial governments reached a compromise to locate at the St. Scholastique site, and proposals were drawn up to expropriate 39,250 hectares (97,000 acres), an area larger than the entire city of Montreal. This area is served only by a long road link via Autoroute 15 and Autoroute 50 . An additional link via Autoroute 13

10412-934: The end. Examples include: A lot of minor airfields without scheduled passenger traffic have ICAO codes but not IATA codes, since the four letter codes allow more number of codes, and IATA codes are mainly used for passenger services such as tickets, and ICAO codes by pilots. In the US, such airfields use FAA codes instead of ICAO. There are airports with scheduled service for which there are ICAO codes but not IATA codes, such as Nkhotakota Airport/Tangole Airport in Malawi or Chōfu Airport in Tokyo, Japan. There are also several minor airports in Russia (e.g., Omsukchan Airport ) which lack IATA codes and instead use internal Russian codes for booking. Flights to these airports cannot be booked through

10549-409: The family of slain former Lebanese prime minister and entrepreneur Rafik Hariri , entered into an agreement to turn Mirabel into a theme park. The proposed concept of the park is based on the theme of water and outer space. By August 2008, negotiations, market research, and technical assessments were continuously delayed, and construction not started. In December 2006, in a move he called "correcting

10686-450: The first phase of the Réseau express métropolitain (REM) opened between Gare Centrale and Brossard . The system is independent of, but connects to and hence complements, the Metro. Built by CDPQ Infra , part of the Quebec pension fund Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec , the line will eventually run north-south across Montreal, with interchanges with the Metro at Gare Centrale (Bonaventure), McGill and Édouard-Montpetit. Following

10823-557: The first three letters of the city in which it is located, for instance: The code may also be a combination of the letters in its name, such as: Sometimes the airport code reflects pronunciation, rather than spelling, namely: For many reasons, some airport codes do not fit the normal scheme described above. Some airports, for example, cross several municipalities or regions, and therefore, use codes derived from some of their letters, resulting in: Other airports—particularly those serving cities with multiple airports—have codes derived from

10960-426: The following figures include both activities. In 2016, direct operating revenue planned by the STM totalled $ 667 million. To compensate for the reduced rates, the city will pay $ 513 million plus $ 351 million from Quebec. For a budget of $ 1.53 billion, salaries account for 57% of expenditures, followed in importance by financial expenses (22%) resulting from a 2.85 billion debt. For the Metro only, wages represented 75% of

11097-425: The following format: Most large airports in Canada have codes that begin with the letter "Y", although not all "Y" codes are Canadian (for example, YUM for Yuma, Arizona , and YNT for Yantai , China), and not all Canadian airports start with the letter "Y" (for example, ZBF for Bathurst, New Brunswick ). Many Canadian airports have a code that starts with W, X or Z, but none of these are major airports. When

11234-597: The form of " YYZ ", a song by the rock band Rush , which utilizes the Morse code signal as a musical motif. Some airports have started using their IATA codes as brand names , such as Calgary International Airport (YYC) and Vancouver International Airport (YVR). Numerous New Zealand airports use codes that contain the letter Z, to distinguish them from similar airport names in other countries. Examples include HLZ for Hamilton , ZQN for Queenstown , and WSZ for Westport . Predominantly, airport codes are named after

11371-630: The government in front of a fait accompli by awarding large contracts to build the tunnel between Namur station and the Bois-Franc station just before the moratorium was in force. In 1977, the newly elected government partially lifted the moratorium on the extension of Line 2 (Orange Line) and the construction of Line 5 (Blue Line) . In 1978, the STCUM proposed a map which includes a western extension of Line 5 (Blue Line) that includes stations in N.D.G., Montreal West, Ville St. Pierre, Lachine, LaSalle, and potentially beyond. Line 2 (Orange Line)

11508-456: The government preferred the option of converting existing railway lines to overground Metro ones. The mayors of the MUC, initially reluctant, accepted this plan when Quebec promised in February 1981 to finance future extensions fully. The moratorium was then modestly lifted on Line 2 (Orange Line) that reached Du Collège station in 1984 and finally Côte-Vertu station in 1986. This line took

11645-812: The idea in Canada. Starting in 1910, many proposals were tabled but the Montreal Metro would prove to be an elusive goal. The Montreal Street Railway Company , the Montreal Central Terminal Company and the Montreal Underground and Elevated Railway Company all undertook fruitless negotiations with the city. A year later, the Comptoir Financier Franco-Canadien and the Montreal Tunnel Company proposed tunnels under

11782-487: The international air booking systems or have international luggage transferred there, and thus, they are booked instead through the airline or a domestic booking system. Several heliports in Greenland have 3-letter codes used internally which might be IATA codes for airports in faraway countries. There are several airports with scheduled service that have not been assigned ICAO codes that do have IATA codes, especially in

11919-408: The largest number of users compared to its population. However, this growth was not continuous: in the late 1960s and early 1990s, ridership declined during some periods. From 1996 to 2015, the number of passengers grew. Today, portions of the busiest lines, such as Line 1 between Berri–UQAM and McGill stations and Line 2 between Jean-Talon and Champ-de-Mars, experience overcrowding during peak hours. It

12056-401: The last CRJ was produced. The CRJ business was sold to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries but is no longer manufactured. The former passenger terminal apron is now a racing course, and the terminal building was demolished in 2016. Prior to the demolition of the passenger terminal, Montréal–Mirabel International Airport was classified as an airport of entry (AOE) by Nav Canada and was staffed by

12193-589: The last commercial passenger flight took off on October 31, 2004. The main role of the airport today is cargo flights , but it is also home to MEDEVAC and general aviation flights, and is a manufacturing base for Airbus Canada , where final assembly of the Airbus A220 (formerly Bombardier CSeries) is conducted. Bombardier Aviation produced the Bombardier CRJ700 series ( CRJ700 , CRJ900 and CRJ1000 ) regional jetliners until early 2021 when

12330-509: The late 1980s, the original network length had nearly quadrupled in twenty years and exceeded that of Toronto, but the plans did not stop there. In its 1983–1984 scenario, the MUC planned a new underground Metro Line 7 (White Line) ( Pie-IX station to Montréal-Nord ) and several surface lines numbered Line 6 ( Du College station to Repentigny ), Line 8 ( Radisson station to Pointe-aux-Trembles ), Line 10 ( Vendome station to Lachine ) and Line 11 ( Angrignon terminus to LaSalle ). In 1985,

12467-492: The line's western section began in June 2021. The Montreal Metro consists of four lines, which are usually identified by their colour or terminus station. The terminus station in the direction of travel is used to differentiate between directions. The Yellow Line is the shortest line, with three stations, built for Expo 67 . Metro lines that leave the Île de Montréal are the Orange Line, which continues to Laval, and

12604-428: The mezzanine overlooking the immigration desks and the baggage carousels directly behind them, the tarmac and the main terminal entrance (with a digitally added New York skyline reflection). All other terminal scenes were shot on a soundstage. In 2006, I-Parks Creative Industries, a French firm that specializes in the creation of urban tourist attractions, and Oger International SA, the global engineering company owned by

12741-612: The name of the airport itself, for instance: This is also true with some cities with a single airport (even if there is more than one airport in the metropolitan area of said city), such as BDL for Hartford, Connecticut 's B ra dl ey International Airport or Baltimore's BWI, for B altimore/ W ashington I nternational Airport ; however, the latter also serves Washington, D.C. , alongside Dulles International Airport (IAD, for I nternational A irport D ulles) and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA, for D istrict of C olumbia A irport). The code also sometimes comes from

12878-465: The newspapers but World War I and the following recession prevented any execution. The gradual return to financial health during the 1920s brought the MTC project back and attracted support from the premier of Quebec . This new attempt was stalled by the Great Depression , which saw the city's streetcar ridership atrophy. A subway proposal was next made by Mayor Camillien Houde in 1939 as

13015-534: The north, east and centre of the Island of Montreal with connections to Longueuil , via the Yellow Line , and Laval , via the Orange Line . The Montreal Metro is Canada's busiest rapid transit system in terms of daily ridership, delivering an average of 1,009,600 daily unlinked passenger trips per weekday as of the third quarter of 2024. It is North America's third busiest rapid transit system, behind

13152-464: The older MR-63 trains. Tunnels are being repaired and several stations, including Berri–UQAM , have been several years in rehabilitation. Many electrical and ventilation structures on the surface are in 2016 completely rebuilt to modern standards. In 2020, work to install cellular coverage in the Metro was completed. Station accessibility has also been improved, with over 26 of the 68 stations having elevators installed since 2007. In August 2023,

13289-416: The one they are located in: Other airport codes are of obscure origin, and each has its own peculiarities: In Asia, codes that do not correspond with their city's names include Niigata 's KIJ , Nanchang 's KHN and Pyongyang 's FNJ . EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg , which serves three countries, has three airport codes: BSL, MLH, EAP. Some cities have a name in their respective language which

13426-475: The opening of Line 5 ( Blue ) in the 1980s, various governments have proposed extending the line east to Anjou . In 2013, a proposal to extend the line to Anjou was announced by the STM and the Quebec government. On April 9, 2018, premier of Quebec Philippe Couillard and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced their commitment to fund and complete the extension, then planned to open in 2026. In March 2022, it

13563-575: The problem. Montrealers grew to resent Mirabel as they were forced to travel far out of town for international flights, as while Dorval was only 20 minutes away from the city core, it took 50 minutes to get to Mirabel even in ideal traffic conditions. International passengers who used Montreal in transit to another destination in Canada or to the United States had to take hour-long bus rides for connections from their international flights at Mirabel to their domestic flights at Dorval, unnecessarily complicating their journeys. Many international airlines, faced with

13700-526: The public happened April 28, 2007. This extension added 5.2 kilometres (3.2 mi) to the network and three stations in Laval ( Cartier , De la Concorde and Montmorency). As of 2009, ridership increased by 60,000 a day with these new stations. Since 2004, most of the STM's investments have been directed to rolling stock and infrastructure renovation programs. New trains ( MPM-10 ) have been delivered, replacing

13837-489: The rock under the city centre to the most populated areas of the city. The City of Montreal (and its chief engineer Lucien L'Allier ) were assisted in the detailed design and engineering of the Metro by French consultant SOFRETU , owned by the operator of the Paris Métro . The French influence is clearly seen in the station design and rolling stock of the Metro. Rubber tires were chosen instead of steel ones, following

13974-506: The same first and middle letters, indicating that this rule might be followed only in Germany. Many cities retain historical names in their airport codes, even after having undergone an official name/spelling/transliteration change: Some airport codes are based on previous names associated with a present airport, often with a military heritage. These include: Some airports are named for an administrative division or nearby city, rather than

14111-505: The shape of an "U" linking the north of the island to the city centre and serving two very populous axes. The various moratoriums and technical difficulties encountered during the construction of the fourth line stretched the project over fourteen years. Line 5 (Blue Line) , which runs through the centre of the island of Montreal , crossed the east branch of Line 2 (Orange Line) at the Jean-Talon station in 1986 and its west branch at

14248-441: The shortest being 3,048 meters (10,000 feet), and the longest being 4,572 meters (15,000 feet). The separate STOLport would have a 610-meter (2,000 feet) runway. The airport had provisions for large cargo areas, aircraft maintenance an area for general aviation, and an airport industrial park. TRRAMM (Transport Rapide Régional Aéroportuaire Montréal-Mirabel) was a planned airport rail link between Mirabel and downtown Montreal. It

14385-406: The southeast), Vaudreuil-Dorion (40 km (25 mi) to the west), Joliette (70 km (43 mi) to the north), St-Amable (30 km (19 mi) to the southeast), and Ste-Scholastique (60 km (37 mi) to the northwest). The federal government proposed that the airport should be located at Vaudreuil-Dorion. Not only was it well served by existing road and rail routes, but it

14522-505: The stark economic reality of operating two eastern Canadian points of entry, opted to bypass Montreal altogether and shifted their routes to Toronto Pearson with its straightforward domestic and US connections. By 1991, Mirabel and Dorval were handling only a total of 8 million passengers and 112,000 tons of cargo annually, while Toronto Pearson was handling 18.5 million passengers and 312,000 tons of cargo. Mirabel alone never managed to exceed 3 million passengers per year in its existence as

14659-500: The station code of Malton, Mississauga , where it is located). YUL is used for Montréal–Trudeau (UL was the ID code for the beacon in the city of Kirkland , now the location of Montréal–Trudeau). While these codes make it difficult for the public to associate them with a particular Canadian city, some codes have become popular in usage despite their cryptic nature, particularly at the largest airports. Toronto's code has entered pop culture in

14796-454: The station of the same name was built, was massively enlarged and consolidated with several nearby islands (including Ronde Island) using backfill excavated during the construction of the Metro. Notre Dame Island , adjacent, was created from scratch with the same material. Line 4 (Yellow Line) was completed on April 1, 1967, in time for the opening of the World's Fair. The first Metro network

14933-721: The terminal on the inauguration of Mirabel. IATA airport code The assignment of these codes is governed by IATA Resolution 763, and it is administered by the IATA's headquarters in Montreal , Canada. The codes are published semi-annually in the IATA Airline Coding Directory. IATA provides codes for airport handling entities, and for certain railway stations. Alphabetical lists of airports sorted by IATA code are available. A list of railway station codes , shared in agreements between airlines and rail lines such as Amtrak , SNCF , and Deutsche Bahn ,

15070-580: The terminal to the aircraft parking spot on the ramp . It was reported by Radio-Canada/Canadian Broadcasting Corporation that each of these vehicles had cost up to C$ 400,000 at the time. To eventually make connections between flights easier, the terminal also included a few jetways, in a smaller concourse called the Aeroquay, accessible via a tunnel and later connected directly to the main concourse. The planners were inspired by Dallas Fort Worth International Airport 's planned design scheme, which utilized

15207-582: The time, and a 1967 study, "Horizon 2000", imagined a network of 160 kilometres (99 mi) of tunnels for the year 2000. In 1970, the Montreal Urban Community (MUC) was created. This group was made of municipalities that occupy the Island of Montreal and the city of Montreal was the biggest participant. MUC's mission was to provide standardized services at a regional level, one of them being transportation. The MUC Transportation Commission

15344-410: The total area of the airport. The federal government planned to use the excess land as a noise buffer and as an industrial development zone (which was never started). This attracted the ire of the people of St. Scholastique who protested vehemently against the expropriation of their land. Nevertheless, construction started in June 1970 under the auspices of BANAIM, a government organization formed to build

15481-622: The two are free inside a 120-minute time frame after the first validation. On July 1, 2022, the ARTM reorganized its fare system into 4 zones: A, B, C, and D. The island of Montreal was placed in zone A and fares for zones B, C and D can be bought separately or together. The Metro fares are fully integrated with the Exo commuter rail system, which links the metropolitan area to the outer suburbs via six interchange stations ( Bonaventure , Lucien-L'Allier , Vendôme , De la Concorde , Sauvé , and Parc ) and

15618-515: The two-letter code of the radio beacons that were the closest to the actual airport, such as YQX in Gander or YXS in Prince George . Four of the ten provincial capital airports in Canada have ended up with codes beginning with YY, including: Canada's largest airport is YYZ for Toronto Pearson (as YTZ was already allocated to Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , the airport was given

15755-530: The use of private passenger flights, helicopter flights and flight schools, leading to Aéroports de Montréal renaming the airport to YMX International Aerocity of Mirabel to emphasize it as a business facility. In the 1960s, Montreal experienced a tremendous economic boom. Massive construction projects, including the Montreal Metro and those linked with the hosting of Expo 67 , brought the city international status. More and more visitors were arriving to

15892-529: The use of two letters allowed only a few hundred combinations; a three-letter system of airport codes was implemented. This system allowed for 17,576 permutations, assuming all letters can be used in conjunction with each other. Since the U.S. Navy reserved "N" codes, and to prevent confusion with Federal Communications Commission broadcast call signs , which begin with "W" or "K", the airports of certain U.S. cities whose name begins with one of these letters had to adopt "irregular" airport codes: This practice

16029-492: The very end, operating the last commercial flight which departed to Paris on October 31, 2004. Over time, the decreasing passenger flights began to take a toll on businesses within Mirabel. Particularly notable was the 354-room Chateau Aeroport-Mirabel hotel adjacent to the terminal, which was forced to shut down in 2002 after 25 years of operation. In the late 1990s, Maclean's magazine interviewed one resident, whose farm

16166-541: Was a thing of the past. In 1959, a private company, the Société d'expansion métropolitaine, offered to build a rubber-tired metro but the Transportation Commission wanted its own network and rejected the offer. This would be the last missed opportunity, for the re-election of Jean Drapeau as mayor and the arrival of his right-hand man, Lucien Saulnier , would prove decisive. In the early 1960s ,

16303-459: Was announced that the federal government had agreed to provide $ 1.3 billion to the extension, with further costs to be covered by the provincial government. The 6-kilometre (3.7 mi) extension will include five new stations, two bus terminals, a pedestrian tunnel connecting to the Pie-IX BRT and a new park-and-ride. Overall, the project is estimated to cost around $ 5.8 to $ 6.4 billion and

16440-467: Was chosen in November 1962 to hold the 1967 Universal Exposition ( Expo 67 ). Having to make a choice, the city decided that a number 4 line (Yellow Line) linking Montreal to the South Shore suburbs following a plan similar to those proposed early in the 20th century was more necessary. Line 3 was never built and the number was never used again. The railway, already used for a commuter train to

16577-526: Was close enough to both Ottawa and Montreal to serve as the gateway for both cities. However, Quebec Premier Robert Bourassa , who had a frosty relationship with Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau , reportedly did not want such an important project to be placed so close to the provincial border fearing the exodus of airport workers to Ontario. The Bourassa government preferred that the new airport be situated in Drummondville (100 km (62 mi) to

16714-467: Was completed with the public opening of Line 4 (Yellow Line) on April 28, 1967. The cities of Montreal , Longueuil and Westmount had assumed the entire cost of construction and equipment of $ 213.7 million ($ 1.6 billion in 2016). Montreal became the seventh city in North America to operate a subway. The 1960s being very optimistic years, Metro planning did not escape the general exuberance of

16851-489: Was designed to be eventually expanded to six runways and six terminal buildings, with a separate STOLport also planned. The expansion was supposed to occur in a number of phases and be completed by 2000, with the expectation of serving at least 60 million passengers by the year 2025. However, the airport never got beyond the first phase of construction, and by October 2005 runway 11/29 was closed leaving only runway 06/24 operational. In December 2009 runway 11/29 reopened with

16988-513: Was expropriated, who said that his land was sacrificed to save the city. He was particularly critical of the Trudeau government for not closing Dorval as well as failing to recognize Mirabel's potential, as no legislation similar to the Wright Amendment in the United States was enacted that would force airlines to use Mirabel instead of Dorval. Supporters of making Mirabel the sole international airport of Montreal pointed out that it had

17125-420: Was gradually extended westward to Place-Saint-Henri station in 1980 and to Snowdon station in 1981. As the stations were completed, the service was extended. In December 1979 Quebec presented its "integrated transport plan" in which Line 2 (Orange Line) was to be tunnelled to Du Collège station and Line 5 (Blue Line) from Snowdon station to Anjou station. The plan proposed no other underground lines as

17262-473: Was intended to have been completed by 1980, and to eventually be expanded to serve other parts of the greater Montreal region. Trains were to reach speeds of 160 km per hour (100 miles per hour), and to travel between the airport and downtown Montreal in 30 minutes. There are no longer any scheduled public operations at the airport. As of 2019, Mirabel does have a passenger terminal for private flights as well as helicopter flights. In addition, Mirabel airport

17399-603: Was intended to replace the existing Dorval Airport as the eastern air gateway to Canada. Accordingly, from 1975 to 1997, all international flights to and from Montreal (except for flights to and from the United States) were required to use Mirabel. Mirabel's distant location, its inadequate transport links to urban centres and the continued operation of domestic flights from Dorval Airport, made Mirabel very unpopular with travellers and airlines. It did not help that Montreal's economy declined relative to that of Toronto during

17536-457: Was later extended to the southwest to reach the suburbs of Verdun and LaSalle with the Angrignon as the terminus station, named after the park and zoo. This segment opened at September 1978. In the process, further extensions were planned and in 1975 spending was expected to reach reached $ 1.6 billion ($ 7.3 billion in 2016). Faced with these soaring costs, the Government of Quebec declared

17673-417: Was never expanded beyond its first phase. As a result of a controversial expropriation, Mirabel was the largest airport in the world by surface area, with a planned area of 39,660 hectares (396.6 km; 98,000 acres), until surpassed by King Fahd International Airport in 1999. In 1989, 32,780 hectares (81,000 acres) of the 39,660 hectares (98,000 acres) were deeded back to their original owners. The airport

17810-528: Was opened gradually between October 1966 and April 1967 as the stations were completed. A third line was planned. It was to use Canadian National Railway (CN) tracks passing under the Mount Royal to reach the northwest suburb of Cartierville from the city centre. Unlike the previous two lines, trains were to be partly running above ground. Negotiations with the CN and municipalities were stalling as Montreal

17947-511: Was planned but never completed. Also planned was the connection of Autoroute 50 to the Ottawa/Gatineau area, a goal which would not be achieved until decades later, in 2012. The federal government expropriation resulted in making Mirabel the world's largest airport by property area. The airport's operations zone, which encompassed what was eventually built plus expansion room, amounted to only 6,880 hectares (17,000 acres), about 19% of

18084-601: Was relegated to the role of a cargo airport. In 2004, Dorval Airport was renamed Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport, after the Canadian Prime Minister whose government initiated the Mirabel project, the aim of which was to close and replace the Dorval airport. During the 2000s, Dorval was renovated and expanded, which enabled it to handle the passenger levels that the Trudeau government initially claimed would require two airports. Between 2008 and 2018, Mirabel's air traffic more than tripled due to

18221-647: Was reported that the International Center of Advanced Racing had signed a 25-year lease with Aéroports de Montréal to use part of the airport as a race track. At the same time, fixed-base operator Hélibellule opened a facility at the site to cater for the private jets that were expected. The company also provides a passenger service from Mirabel to destinations in Canada and the United States. They operate three different types of helicopters ; Bell 222 , Robinson R22 and Aérospatiale Gazelle . As of 2019, international passengers and crew can be processed at

18358-404: Was thus created at the same time to serve as prime contractor for the Metro extensions. It merged all island transport companies and became the Société de transport de la communauté urbaine de Montréal (STCUM) in 1985 and then the Société de transport de Montréal (STM) in 2002. The success of the Metro increased the pressure to extend the network to other populated areas, including the suburbs on

18495-513: Was unveiled on April 21, 2008; it provides seamless integration with other transit networks of neighbouring cities by being capable of holding multiple transport tickets: tickets, books or subscriptions, a subscription for Montreal only and commuter train tickets. Moreover, unlike the magnetic stripe cards , which had been sold alongside the new Opus cards up until May 2009, the contactless cards are not at risk of becoming demagnetized and rendered useless and do not require patrons to slide them through

18632-627: Was used for daily flights transporting employees for various mining companies by the Nolinor airline company. Mirabel opened with service from local airlines Air Canada , Canadian Pacific Airlines and Nordair , as well as airlines from more than fifteen countries, including Aer Lingus , Aeroflot , Air France , Alitalia , British Airways , Czechoslovak Airlines , El Al , Iberia , KLM , Lufthansa , Olympic Airways , Sabena , Scandinavian Airlines , Swissair and TAP Air Portugal . These airlines had their national country flags posted in front of

18769-457: Was willing to extend its commuter rail service to the airport if passenger traffic were to return. The Deux-Montagnes station is only some 12 km (7.5 mi) from the airport. In July 2010, the ADM confirmed that I-Parks Creative Industries's long-delayed AeroDream project was dead, officially cancelling it. At present there are no plans for any alternative development at the site. From 2011,

#385614