52-412: The Geibi Line ( 芸備線 , Geibi-sen ) is a railway line operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) in the mountainous area of the Chūgoku region in Japan . It begins at Bitchū Kōjiro Station on the west side of Niimi , Okayama Prefecture , connecting through Miyoshi Station in Miyoshi , Hiroshima Prefecture , and terminating at Hiroshima Station in Hiroshima . In addition to
104-663: A center of international commerce since ancient times. The area has long been considered the gateway to the country, as it is the nearest point among Japan's main islands to the Asian mainland. Although humans occupied the area since the Jomon period , some of the earliest settlers of the Yayoi period arrived in the Fukuoka area. The city rose to prominence during the Yamato period . Because of
156-575: A devastating fire during the upheaval of the Meiji Restoration . It has now been preserved along with some reconstructed prefabricate concrete towers constructed during the 1950s and 1960s, when there was a trend across Japan to rebuild damaged castles as tourist attractions. Ōhori Park is also the location of one of Fukuoka City's major art galleries . There are many temples with long histories including Tōchō-ji , Hakozaki Shrine , Kashii shrine , and Jōten-ji . The Buddhist Nanzoin temple
208-522: A meeting was held to decide the name for the new city, and after multiple ties, Fukuoka ultimately was chosen. However, Hakata is still used to refer to the Hakata area of the city and, most famously, to refer to the city's train station, Hakata Station , and dialect , Hakata-ben . Fukuoka is bordered on three sides by mountains, surrounds Hakata Bay and opens on the north to the Genkai Sea . It
260-928: A number of private commuter rail operators around Osaka, the "Big 4" being Hankyu Railway / Hanshin Railway (Hankyu bought Hanshin in April 2005), Keihan Railway , Kintetsu , and Nankai Railway . JR-West's market share in the region is roughly equal to that of the Big 4 put together, largely due to its comprehensive network and high-speed commuter trains (Special Rapid Service trains on the Kobe and Kyoto lines operate at up to 130 km/h). Those in italics are announcement names. A number of other lines account for more than half of JR-West's track mileage. These lines mainly handle business and leisure travel between smaller cities and rural areas in western Japan. They account for about 20% of
312-480: A population of 2.5 million people (2005 census), is part of the heavily industrialized Fukuoka–Kitakyushu zone. As of 2015 , Fukuoka is Japan's sixth largest city, having passed the population of Kobe . In July 2011, Fukuoka surpassed the population of Kyoto . Since the founding of Kyoto in 794, this marks the first time that a city west of the Kansai region has a larger population than Kyoto. Exchanges from
364-573: A prehistoric capital was in the area. Ancient texts, such as the Kojiki , Kanyen (found in Dazaifu) and archaeology confirm this was a critical place in the founding of Japan. Some scholars claim that it was the first place outsiders and the Imperial Family set foot, but like many early Japan origin theories, it remains contested. Central Fukuoka is sometimes still referred as Hakata which is
416-642: A short commuter line with Shinkansen trains in Fukuoka . The "Urban Network" is JR-West's name for its commuter rail lines in the Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto metropolitan area. These lines together comprise 610 km of track, have 245 stations and account for about 43% of JR-West's passenger revenues. Urban Network stations are equipped to handle ICOCA fare cards. Train control on these lines is highly automated, and during peak hours trains run as often as every two minutes. JR-West's Urban Network competes with
468-480: A stretch of more intense precipitation between the months of June and September. Along with much of the prefecture, Fukuoka City has a moderate climate with an annual average temperature of 16.3 °C (61 °F), average humidity of 70% and 1,811 annual sunshine hours. Roughly 40% of the year is cloudy. Winter temperatures rarely drop below 0 °C (32 °F) and snow cover is rarely seen, though very light snow does fall on many days if not as consistently as on
520-492: Is Japan's youngest major city and has Japan's fastest growing population. Between December 2012 and December 2017, the proportion of foreign-born residents increased faster than any other major city in Japan, including Tokyo. There were 171 homeless residents counted in 2018's annual survey, down from a high of 969 in 2009. As of March 2023, Fukuoka had a population of 1,632,713 with 770,276 males and 862,437 females. Fukuoka
572-543: Is also the home of many small firms playing a supportive role in the logistics, IT, and high-tech manufacturing sectors. Most of the region's heavy manufacturing takes place in the nearby city of Kitakyushu . The GDP in Greater Fukuoka, Fukuoka Metropolitan Employment Area , was US$ 101.6 billion in 2010. Fukuoka is the primary economic center of the Fukuoka-Kitakyushu metropolitan area , which
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#1732794227735624-852: Is listed in the Tokyo Stock Exchange , is a constituent of the TOPIX Large70 index, and is also one of only three Japan Railways Group constituents of the Nikkei 225 index: the others are JR East and JR Central . It was also listed in the Nagoya and Fukuoka stock exchanges until late 2020. JR-West's highest-grossing line is the Sanyo Shinkansen high-speed rail line between Osaka and Fukuoka . The Sanyo Shinkansen alone accounts for about 40% of JR-West's passenger revenues. The company also operates Hakata Minami Line ,
676-517: Is located 1,100 km (684 mi) from Tokyo. The nearest overseas region is Busan Metropolitan City in Gyeongsang-do, South Korea , and the distance from Busan is about 180 km (112 miles). Fukuoka and Busan are sister cities. Fukuoka has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen : Cfa ), hot and humid summers, and relatively mild winters. The city also sees on average about 1,600 mm (63 in) of precipitation per year, with
728-649: Is located in Sasaguri , just east of Fukuoka. It is claimed to be the largest statue of a reclining Buddha in the world. It has to be mentioned though that in Thailand there are three, and in Myanmar six reclining Buddha statues that are larger than the Sasaguri statue, one of them being 180 meters long as opposed to the 42 meters of the one in Fukuoka prefecture. It is possible though that the Sasaguri reclining Buddha
780-547: Is located on a narrow cape on the northern side of the Bay of Hakata. The park has an amusement park, petting zoo, gardens, beaches, a hotel, and a large marine aquarium which opened in 1989. For tourists from other parts of Japan, local foods such as mentaiko , Hakata (tonkotsu) ramen , and motsunabe are associated with Fukuoka. Yatai (street stalls) serving ramen can be found in Tenjin and Nakasu most evenings. Fukuoka Tower
832-471: Is mild and dry, though the typhoon season runs between August and September. Fukuoka is not as seismically active as many other parts of Japan, but does experience occasional earthquakes. The most powerful recent earthquake registered a lower 6 of maximum 7 of the Japanese intensity scale and hit at 10:53 am local time on March 20, 2005, killing one person and injuring more than 400. The epicentre of
884-482: Is near the beach in Seaside Momochi, a development built for the 1989 Asia-Pacific Exhibition. The older symbol of the city, Hakata Port Tower , is next to the international ferry terminal and is free to enter. Itoshima, to the west of Fukuoka city, has recently become a very popular tourist destination. There are many beaches along the coast, notably Futamigaura beach, where there is a famous Shinto shrine in
936-472: Is now listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, Nagoya Stock Exchange , Osaka Securities Exchange and Fukuoka Stock Exchange . Fukuoka, Fukuoka Fukuoka ( Japanese : 福岡市 , Fukuoka-shi , [ɸɯ̥kɯoka ꜜɕi] ) is the sixth-largest city in Japan and the capital city of Fukuoka Prefecture , Japan. The city is built along the shores of Hakata Bay , and has been
988-432: Is one of the most affordable cities in Japan. Fukuoka was selected as one of Newsweek ' s 10 "Most Dynamic Cities" in its July 2006 issue. It was chosen for its central Asian location, increasing tourism and trade, and a large increase in volume at its sea and airport. Fukuoka has a diverse culture and a wide range of cultural attractions. In its July/August 2008 issue, Monocle selected Fukuoka as number 17 of
1040-476: Is the 4th largest economy in Japan. As of 2014, the area's PPP -adjusted GDP is estimated to be larger than those of metropolitan areas such as Melbourne , Kuala Lumpur, Lima , Vienna, Barcelona and Rome. Several regional broadcasters are based in the city, including Fukuoka Broadcasting Corporation , Kyushu Asahi Broadcasting , Love FM , RKB Mainichi Broadcasting , and Television Nishinippon Corporation . The port of Hakata and Fukuoka Airport also make
1092-649: Is the Fukuoka Symphony Hall and it hosts several other cultural events in a green building. The Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize was established to honor the outstanding work of individuals or organizations in Asia. Fukuoka hosts more than 2 million foreign visitors annually, with the majority coming from neighboring South Korea, Taiwan and China. From the early 2010s Hakata became the beneficiary of significant growth in cruise ship tourism; particularly with visitors from China. After expansion and redevelopment of
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#17327942277351144-504: Is the economic center of the Kyushu region, with an economy largely focused on the service sector. It is also the largest startup city in Japan, and is the only economic zone for startups. They have various services for startups like startup visa, tax reduction, and free business consultations. Fukuoka has the highest business-opening rate in Japan. Large companies headquartered in the city include Iwataya and Kyushu Electric Power . Fukuoka
1196-488: Is the largest plastic reclining Buddha statue in the world. Sky Dream Fukuoka , in Fukuoka's western ward, was a Ferris wheel with a height of 120 meters and was closed in September 2009. The surrounding shopping center, Marinoa City Fukuoka, still attracts millions of visitors each year. Other shopping centers that attract tourists include Canal City, JR Hakata City, and Hakata Riverain. The Marine Park Uminonakamichi
1248-546: Is the most famous festival in Fukuoka and the origin of it is believed to date back to 1241, when Enni , the founder of Jotenji temple had people carry him around the town on a platform while praying against the plague and eventually getting successfully rid of it. Kublai Khan of the Mongol Empire turned his attention towards Japan starting in 1268, exerting a new external pressure on Japan with which it had no experience. Kublai Khan first sent an envoy to Japan to make
1300-779: The Chūgoku Expressway , the Geibi Line is considered the main commuter and local rail line covering the route between northern Hiroshima Prefecture and the city of Hiroshima. The name of the line refers to the ancient provinces of Aki ( 安 芸 ) (in Hiroshima Prefecture) and Bitchū ( 備 中 ) (in Okayama Prefecture), which the line connects. Since 2007, the ICOCA card can be used in all stations between Hiroshima Station and Karuga Station (stations in
1352-655: The Hiroshima City Network ). The majority of the line was out of service after a bridge was destroyed in the 2018 Japan floods . The entire line reopened in October 2019. The line is one of the least used and least profitable in the JR West network, with average daily ridership of just 13 people (slightly more than two per train) on its least trafficked segment. The segment between Bitchu Kojiro and Bingo Yawata runs at an annual loss of JPY 700 million, while
1404-623: The Hōjō clan (1251–1284) was the Eighth Regent. Not only did he decline the offer, but he beheaded the five Mongolian emissaries after summoning them to Kamakura . Infuriated, Kublai organized another attack on Fukuoka Prefecture in 1281, mobilizing 140,000 soldiers and 4,000 ships. The Japanese defenders, numbering around 40,000, were no match for the Mongols and the invasion force made it as far as Dazaifu , 15 km (9 mi) south of
1456-641: The Kōrokan ( 鴻臚館 , Government Guest House) were found in Fukuoka underneath a part of the ruins of Fukuoka Castle . In 923, the Hakozaki Shrine in Fukuoka was established when the god Hachiman was transferred from the Daibu shrine in Honami . There are several historically important Buddhist temples in Fukuoka. Monks would sail back to Japan from China upon completing their studies and establish temples in
1508-529: The Sea of Japan side of Honshu . Spring is warm and sunnier, with cherry blossoms appearing in late March or early April. The rainy season ( tsuyu ) lasts for approximately six weeks through June and July, during which time the humidity is very high and temperatures hover between 25 °C (77 °F) and 30 °C (86 °F). Summers are humid and hot, with temperatures peaking around 37 °C (99 °F). Autumn, often considered to be Fukuoka's best season,
1560-534: The "Top 25 liveable cities". It was chosen for excellent shopping, outstanding food, good transport links, good museums, "a feeling of openness in its sea air", green spaces and because it is friendly, safe, clean and close to the rest of East Asia. The same survey in 2018 ranked Fukuoka at number 22. ACROS (Asian Cross Road Over the Sea) is a cultural center located at the Tenjin Central Park. Part of it
1612-831: The Geibi Line: The Geibi Line consists of the section opened by the Geibi Railway, which connected Hiroshima Station and Bingo Shōbara, the Shōbara Line between Bingo Shōbara and Bingo Ochiai which was partly built by the Geibi Railway and then nationalised and extended by the Japanese Government Railways (JGR) and the Sanshin Line built by the JGR between Onuka and Bitchū Kōjiro. In 1936, the line between Hiroshima and Bitchū Kōjiro
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1664-555: The Hakata Port international passenger ship terminal, the number of cruise ship port calls in 2016 was expected to exceed 400. Nearly ten thousand international students attend universities in or near the Fukuoka prefecture each year. Nearly 200 international conferences are held each year in Fukuoka. Fukuoka Castle, located adjacent to Ohori Park in Maizuru Park, features the remaining stone walls and ramparts left after
1716-534: The Shogunate acknowledge Khan's suzerainty . The Kamakura shogunate refused. Mongolia repeatedly sent envoys thereafter, each time urging the Shogunate to accept their proposal, but to no avail. In 1274, Kublai Khan mounted an invasion of the northern part of Kyushu with a fleet of 900 ships and 33,000 troops, including troops from Goryeo on the Korean Peninsula . This initial invasion
1768-565: The city a key regional transportation hub. Fukuoka houses the headquarters of Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu) and Nishi-Nippon Railroad . Air Next , a subsidiary of All Nippon Airways , is headquartered in Hakata-ku ; prior to its dissolution, Harlequin Air was also headquartered in Hakata-ku. Fukuoka has its own stock exchange , founded in 1949. It is one of six in Japan. Fukuoka
1820-665: The city of Fukuoka. However, the Japanese were again aided by severe weather, this time by a typhoon that struck a crushing blow to the Mongolian troops, thwarting the invasion. It was this typhoon that came to be called the Kamikaze ( Divine Wind ), and was the origin of the term Kamikaze used to indicate suicide attacks by military aviators of the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels during World War II. Fukuoka
1872-478: The city. Traditional Japanese houses, particularly in the areas of Daimyo and Imaizumi, were the most heavily damaged and many were marked for demolition, along with several apartment buildings. Insurance payments for damages were estimated at 15.8 billion yen. A similar quake, with an intensity of 5+, also occurred one month later on April 20, 2005. Fukuoka's major Kego fault runs northwest to southeast, roughly parallel to Nishitetsu's Ōmuta train line, and
1924-511: The company's passenger revenues. JR-West subsidiaries include the following. JR-West was incorporated as a business corporation ( kabushiki kaisha ) on April 1, 1987, as part of the breakup of the state-owned Japanese National Railways (JNR). Initially, it was a wholly owned subsidiary of the JNR Settlement Corporation (JNRSC), a special company created to hold the assets of the former JNR while they were shuffled among
1976-538: The continent and the Northern Kyushu area date as far back as Old Stone Age . It has been thought that waves of immigrants arrived in Northern Kyushu from mainland Asia. Several Kofun exist. Fukuoka was sometimes called the Port of Dazaifu ( 大宰府 ) , a reference to the town of Dazaifu 15 km (9 mi) southeast of Fukuoka. Dazaifu was an administrative capital in 663 A.D., and it has been suggested that
2028-476: The cross-cultural exposure, and the relatively great distance from the social and political centers of Kyoto , Osaka , and later, Edo (Tokyo), Fukuoka gained a distinctive local culture and dialect that has persisted to the present. Fukuoka is the most populous city on Kyūshū island, followed by Kitakyushu . It is the largest city and metropolitan area west of Keihanshin . The city was designated by government ordinance on April 1, 1972. Greater Fukuoka, with
2080-521: The earthquake was in the Genkai Sea along a yet-undiscovered extension of the Kego fault that runs through the centre of Fukuoka. Genkai island, a part of Nishi-ku , was the most severely damaged by the earthquake and almost all island residents were forced to evacuate. Aftershocks continued intermittently throughout the following weeks as construction crews worked to rebuild damaged buildings throughout
2132-429: The heart of the port city of Hakata (now Fukuoka): Monk Eisai founded Shōfuku-ji which is known today as the oldest zen temple in Japan. Eisai is also known for establishing a new sect of Zen Buddhism ( Rinzai ) and for bringing tea and tea culture to Japan. Monk Kukai established Tocho-ji , and Joten-ji was built by Enni who is also known for bringing Udon noodles first from China to Japan. Hakata Gion Yamagata
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2184-493: The known length of the Kego fault occurring within 30 years was estimated at 0.4% prior to the March 20, 2005 earthquake, but this probability has been revised upwards since. Including the new extension out into the Genkai Sea , the Kego fault is now thought to be 40 km (25 mi) long. Following reports that the city has only prepared for earthquakes up to a magnitude of 6.5, several strong aftershocks renewed fears regarding
2236-653: The name of the central ward. The Book of Song records that King Bu, thought to be the Emperor Yūryaku , sent a letter in 478 seeking the Chinese emperor's approval for the establishment of three ministries for administration of the kingdom similar to those in use in China ; the remains of a ward office and temple in Ooho ( 大保 ) , 15 km (9 mi) south from Dazaifu, may be one of these ministries. In addition, remains of
2288-479: The new JR companies. For the first four years of its existence, JR-West leased its highest-revenue line, the Sanyō Shinkansen , from the separate Shinkansen Holding Corporation. JR-West purchased the line in October 1991 at a cost of 974.1 billion JPY (about US$ 7.2 billion) in long-term debt. JNRSC sold 68.3% of JR-West in an initial public offering on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in October 1996. After JNRSC
2340-428: The portion of the Kego fault that lies under the city, and the potential for an earthquake as big as, or bigger than, the March 20 quake. Fukuoka has 7 wards ( ku ). per km As of November 2018 , the city had an estimated population of 1,581,527 and a population density of 4,515.64 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,695.5/sq mi). The total area is 343.39 square kilometres (132.58 sq mi). Fukuoka
2392-518: The segment between Tojo and Bingo Shobara is both circuitous and speed-restricted, making it less attractive than bus service. However, local authorities along the route have refused to discuss alternative transportation options with JR West. Listed in order from Bitchū Kōjiro Station to Hiroshima Station , though the chart shows through Niimi Station for convenience as all Geibi Line trains originate and terminate at Niimi. The following diesel multiple unit (DMU) rolling stock currently operate on
2444-591: Was completed, and the Geibi Railway was nationalised the following year, bringing the entire line under the control of the JGR. Opening dates for individual sections are given below. West Japan Railway Company The West Japan Railway Company , also referred to as JR West ( JR西日本 , Jeiāru Nishi-Nihon ) , is one of the Japan Railways Group (JR Group) companies and operates in western Honshu . It has its headquarters in Kita-ku, Osaka . It
2496-468: Was compromised by a combination of incompetence and severe storms. After the invasion attempt of 1274, Japanese samurai built a stone barrier 20 km (12 mi) in length bordering the coast of Hakata Bay in what is now the city of Fukuoka. The wall, 2–3 metres in height and having a base width of 3 meters, was constructed between 1276 and 1277, and was excavated in the 1930s. Kublai sent another envoy to Japan in 1279. At that time, Hōjō Tokimune of
2548-578: Was dissolved in October 1998, its shares of JR-West were transferred to the government-owned Japan Railway Construction Public Corporation (JRCC), which merged into the Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency (JRTT) as part of a bureaucratic reform package in October 2003. JRTT offered all of its shares in JR-West to the public in an international IPO in 2004, ending the era of government ownership of JR-West. JR-West
2600-481: Was formerly the residence of the powerful daimyō of Chikuzen Province , and played an important part in the medieval history of Japan. The renowned temple of Tokugawa Ieyasu in the district was destroyed by fire during the Boshin War of 1868. The modern city was formed on April 1, 1889, with the merger of the former cities of Hakata and Fukuoka. Historically, Hakata was the port and merchant district, and
2652-482: Was more associated with the area's culture and remains the main commercial area today. On the other hand, the Fukuoka area was home to many samurai, and its name has been used since Kuroda Nagamasa , the first daimyō of Chikuzen Province, named it after his birthplace in Okayama Prefecture and the "old Fukuoka" is the main shopping district, now called Tenjin. When Hakata and Fukuoka decided to merge,
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#17327942277352704-431: Was previously thought to be 22 km (14 mi) long. It is estimated to produce earthquakes as strong as magnitude 7 at the focus approximately once every 15,000 years. If the focus were located at a depth of 10 km (6 mi), this would translate to an earthquake of a lower-6 magnitude (similar to the March 20, 2005 earthquake) in downtown Fukuoka if it were the epicenter. The probability of an earthquake along
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