82-583: CAAC or Caac may refer to: Civil Aviation Administration of China , which oversees civil aviation in China CAAC Airlines , China's former monopoly airline operated by CAAC Capital Area Activities Conference , a high school sports league centered on Lansing, Michigan, USA Cardiff Amateur Athletic Club , a Cardiff-based athletics club Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict , United Nations Chinese Athletics Administrative Center ,
164-520: A semi-arid climate (using the Köppen system, the city has a BSk climate bordering on Dwa ). As in other areas of East Asia, the city has a four-season, monsoon -influenced climate; it also has cold, windy, and dry winters due to the Siberian anticyclone and hot, humid summers due to the monsoon season. Spring in the city is dry and windy; the season sometimes consists of sandstorms blowing in from
246-567: A Large-Port Megacity, due to its large urban population and port traffic volume. Tianjin is currently a dual-core city, with its main urban area (including the older part of the city) located along the Hai River , which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal ; and Binhai , an adjacent New Area urban core located east of the older part of the city on the coast of
328-560: A battlefield, Hebei Province repatriated its provincial capital to Baoding, and the CCP Central Committee decided that Tianjin should be restored to the central municipality and remain so. In April 1970, since the central government had applied for funding for the construction of the subway, the Tianjin Municipal Government decided to raise funds on its own to establish the project using the name of
410-553: A government agency and reorganized six regional administration agencies, and no longer provided commercial flight services. In 1988, the airline CAAC was divided into a number of individual air carriers, many of them named after the region of China where it had its hub. On 19 April 1993, the General Administration of Civil Aviation became the ministry-level agency of the State Council. In March 2008, CAAC
492-546: A modern city, establishing the first modern Chinese police force. In 1907, Yuan supervised China's first modern democratic elections for a county council. Western nations were permitted to garrison the area to ensure open access to Beijing. The British maintained a brigade of two battalions in Tianjin, and the Italians, French, Japanese, Germans, Russians, and Austro-Hungarians maintained their forces using strength regiments;
574-607: A relay station ( 駐 地 ) under the command of the Viceroy of Zhili . In 1856, Chinese soldiers boarded The Arrow , a Chinese-owned ship registered in Hong Kong that flew the British flag and which was suspected of piracy, smuggling, and involvement in the opium trade. The soldiers captured twelve men and imprisoned them. In response, the British and French sent gunboats under the command of Admiral Sir Michael Seymour to capture
656-680: A sporting governing body in China Computer-Aided Algorithmic Composition The Contemporary African Art Collection , a private collection created in 1990 by Italian business man Jean Pigozzi Cyclic alkyl amino carbenes , a class of chemical substances with a low valent carbon atom Caac language , spoken in New Caledonia Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
738-476: Is a heavy and chemical industry base and harbor, a part of the"dual-city, dual-harbor" space development strategy of Tianjin, and a zone with a circular economy . The total planned area of Nangang Industrial Zone is 200 km (77 sq mi), of which the terrestrial area is 162 km (63 sq mi). Farmland takes up about 40% of Tianjin Municipality's total area. Wheat, rice, and maize are
820-634: Is divided into 16 county-level divisions , which are all districts . The Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA) is not a formal level of administration, but has rights similar to those of a regular district. At the end of 2017, the total population of Tianjin was 15.57 million. [3] As of December 31, 2004, these districts and counties have been further subdivided into 240 township-level divisions , including 120 towns , 18 townships , 2 ethnic townships and 100 subdistricts . As in all other governing institutions in mainland China ,
902-829: Is governed as one of the four municipalities (alongside Beijing , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) under the direct administration of the State Council of China . The city borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality , bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea . Part of the Bohai Economic Rim , it is the largest coastal city in Northern China and part of the Jing-Jin-Ji megapolis. In terms of urban population, Tianjin
SECTION 10
#1732765274943984-652: Is headquartered in Dongcheng, Beijing . On 2 November 1949, shortly after the founding of the People's Republic of China , the CCP Central Committee decided to found the Civil Aviation Agency under the name of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission , and under the command of the People's Liberation Army Air Force , to manage all non-military aviation in the country, as well as provide general and commercial flight services. The Civil Aviation Agency
1066-673: Is jointly invested by the Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone and Tianjin Binhai International Airport. It is located inside the airfreight area of Tianjin Binhai International Airport. It has domestic and foreign airfreight logistics enterprises engaged in sorting, warehousing, distribution, processing, and exhibition. It is in the process of constructing the largest airfreight base in northern China. The Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone
1148-706: Is now held every two years. In October 2010, the UN Climate Change Conference convened in Tianjin. In 2012, the Tianjin Metro Lines 2, 3, and 9 were completed and open to traffic, and Tianjin Rail Transit was formally networked. In October 2013, Tianjin hosted an international comprehensive event for the first time by hosting the East Asian Games . In 2014, the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei
1230-851: Is one of the 20 cities in the world with the highest scientific research outputs, as tracked by the Nature Index . The city is also home to multiple institutes of higher education in Northern China, including Tianjin University , Nankai University , Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin Foreign Studies University , Tiangong University , Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin University of Technology , and Hebei University of Technology . Tianjin
1312-435: Is one of the nine national central cities , with a total population of 13,866,009 inhabitants at the time of the 2020 Chinese census . Its metropolitan area , which is made up of 12 central districts (other than Baodi , Jizhou , Jinghai and Ninghe ), was home to 11,165,706 inhabitants and is also the world's 29th-largest agglomeration (between Chengdu and Rio de Janeiro ) and 11th- most populous city proper . Tianjin
1394-536: Is one of the manufacturers in the city, and has opened an assembly plant for its Airbus A320 series airliners; the plant has been operational since 2009. As of 2010, the fastest supercomputer in the world, Tianhe-1A , has been located at the National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin . The city's GDP in 2009 was ¥750.1 billion, with a GDP per capita of RMB ¥62,403. As one of the first state-level economic and technological development zones,
1476-460: Is the Bohai Sea . With a latitude ranging from 38° 34' to 40° 15' N and a longitude ranging from 116° 43' to 118° 04' E, the total area of the city is 11,860.63 square kilometers (4,579.41 sq mi). The city has 153 km (95 mi) of coastline and 1,137.48 kilometers (706.80 mi) of land border. It is located at the northern end of the Grand Canal of China , which connects with
1558-623: Is the civil aviation authority of the People's Republic of China , under the Ministry of Transport . It oversees civil aviation and investigates aviation accidents and incidents . As the aviation authority responsible for China, it concludes civil aviation agreements with other aviation authorities, including those of the Special administrative regions of China which are categorized as "special domestic." It directly operated its own airline , China's aviation monopoly, until 1988. The agency
1640-559: Is the pinyin spelling of the Chinese characters 天津 . The name literally means 'the port of the emperor'. The origin of the name is disputed. One traditional theory says that it was an homage to the Chu poet Qu Yuan , whose " Li Sao " includes the verse "... departing from the Ford of Heaven at dawn ..." ( 朝發軔於天津兮 ; zhāo fārèn yú Tiānjīn xī ). Another says that it honors the former name of
1722-500: Is the only free trade zone in northern China. The zone was approved for establishment in 1991 by State Council. It is 30 km (19 mi) from Tianjin city proper, less than 1 km (0.62 mi) away from the wharf, and 38 km (24 mi) away from Tianjin Binhai International Airport. The Tianjin Tanggu Marine High-Tech Development Area was established in 1992 and was upgraded to
SECTION 20
#17327652749431804-722: Is the seventh largest city in China. In terms of administrative area population, Tianjin ranks fifth in mainland China. The walled city of Tianjin was built in 1404. As a treaty port since 1860, Tianjin has been a seaport and gateway to Beijing. During the Boxer Rebellion , the city was the seat of the Tianjin Provisional Government . Under the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China, Tianjin became one of
1886-458: The 1972 Nixon visit to China , the country ordered 10 Boeing 707 jets. In December 1973, it took the unprecedented step of borrowing £40 million from Western banks to fund the purchase of 15 additional Trident jets. Soviet-built Ilyushin Il-62 aircraft were used on long range routes during the 1970s and 1980s. On 5 March 1980, the General Administration of Civil Aviation was no longer managed by
1968-594: The Eight-Nation Alliance recaptured Tianjin . This alliance soon established the Tianjin Provisional Government, which was composed of representatives from each of the occupying forces (Russia, Britain, Japan, Germany, France, America, Austro-Hungary, and Italy). The city was governed by this council until August 15, 1902, when the city was returned to Qing control. Qing General Yuan Shikai led efforts to transform Tianjin into
2050-536: The Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CCP Central Committee convened; its meeting decided to incorporate the development and opening of the Binhai New Area into its Eleventh Five-Year Plan and the national development strategy. In March 2006, the State Council executive meeting positioned Tianjin as an "international port city, a northern economic center, and an ecological city." Since then,
2132-888: The Girl , a Chinese constellation recorded under the name Tianjin in the Astronomical Record section of the Book of Sui . A third says that it derives from a place name noted in the River Record of the History of Jin . The most common theory says that it was bestowed by the Yongle Emperor of the Ming , who crossed Tianjin's Gu River on his way south to overthrow his nephew, the Jianwen Emperor . Prior to
2214-689: The Gobi Desert , which are capable of lasting for several days. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −2.8 °C (27.0 °F) in January to 27.2 °C (81.0 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 13.3 °C (55.9 °F). Extreme temperatures in the city have ranged from −22.9 °C (−9 °F) to 40.6 °C (105 °F). With the monthly percentage of the possible amount of sunshine ranging from 45% in July to 61% in March and April,
2296-879: The North China Executive Committee , a puppet state based in Beijing. On August 9, 1940, all of the British troops in Tianjin were ordered to withdraw. On November 14, 1941, the American Marine unit stationed in Tianjin was ordered to leave, but before it left, the Japanese attacked the United States . The American Marine detachment surrendered to the Japanese on December 8, 1941. Only the Italian and French concessions (the local French officials were loyal to Vichy ) were allowed by
2378-558: The Pingjin Campaign of the Chinese Civil War, the city was captured after 29 hours of fighting. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) took Tianjin on January 15, 1949. From 1949 to February 1958, Tianjin was a municipality directly under the control of the central government. In October 1952, Tanggu New Port officially opened its doors, and the first 10,000-ton ferry arrived at Newport Pier. In February 1958, due to
2460-1189: The Taku forts near Tianjin in May 1858. At the end of the first part of the Second Opium War in June of the same year, the British and French prevailed, and the Treaty of Tientsin was signed, which opened Tianjin (Tientsin) to foreign trade. The treaties were ratified by the Xianfeng Emperor in 1860, so Tianjin was formally opened to Great Britain and France and thus to the outside world. Between 1895 and 1900, Britain and France were joined by Japan, Germany and Russia , and some countries without Chinese concessions , such as Austria-Hungary , Italy and Belgium , in establishing self-contained concessions in Tianjin , each with its own prisons, schools, barracks and hospitals. These nations left architectural reminders of their rule, which include churches and thousands of villas. The presence of foreign influence in Tianjin
2542-772: The Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA) was founded on December 6, 1984, with the approval of the State Council. It is given state preferential policies with the task of attracting domestic and foreign investment to develop new technology-oriented modern industries. As an affiliated organization of the Tianjin Municipal Government, the Administrative Commission of Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area exercises unified administration of TEDA on behalf of
CAAC - Misplaced Pages Continue
2624-540: The Yellow and Yangtze Rivers . The municipality is generally flat and is swampy near the coast; however, it has hills in the north, where the Yan Mountains enter Tianjin. Tidal flats occur on the coastal plain adjacent to the city. The highest point in the municipality is Jiuding Peak ( 九顶山 ) in Ji County on the northern border with Hebei; the mountain has an altitude of 1,078.5 m (3,538 ft). In
2706-538: The "Great Leap Forward" and the city's industrial foundation, Tianjin was incorporated into Hebei Province , the capital of which was relocated to Tianjin for eight years. During the period, under the coordination of the State Council, the city of Tianjin implemented a separate policy for central planning, which was independent of Hebei Province. However, a number of factories and colleges in Tianjin moved to Hebei, hindering Tianjin's economic development. In January 1967, due to preparation and concerns that Tianjin would become
2788-920: The Agency ratified the Report for the Opinions of System Devolving ( Chinese : 关于体制下放意见的报告 ) from the party branch of the Ministry of Transport in 17 June. Both national and local authorities have responsibilities of civil aviation. International and main domestic flights were mainly under the leadership of the national authority while local and agricultural flights were mainly under the leadership of local authority. Thus, most provinces and autonomous regions established their own civil aviation administration offices. Five administration offices in Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Ürümqi were changed to be regional administration agencies in 13 December. The Agency
2870-709: The Bohai. As of the end of 2010, approximately 285 Fortune 500 companies have operated in buildings located in Binhai. Since 2010, Tianjin's Yujiapu Financial District has become known as China's Manhattan and the city is considered to be one of the world's top 100 cities, including in the Global Financial Centres Index . Tianjin is ranked as a Beta (global second tier) city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Tianjin
2952-595: The British concession, to be under Japan's authority. For a time, the events of 1939 appeared likely to cause an Anglo-Japanese war, especially when reports of the Japanese Army mistreating British subjects wishing to leave or enter the concession appeared in British newspapers. The situation ended when British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was advised by the Royal Navy and the Foreign Office that
3034-434: The Japanese generally respected foreign concessions until 1941, when American and British concessions were occupied. In the summer of 1939, the Tientsin Incident damaged Anglo-Japanese relations. On June 14, 1939, the Imperial Japanese Army surrounded and blockaded a British concession due to the refusal of British authorities to transfer six Chinese people, who had assassinated a Japanese collaborator and taken refuge in
3116-419: The Japanese to remain. When Italy signed an armistice with the Allies in September 1943, Japanese troops took the Italian concession, following a battle with its garrison, and the Italian Social Republic formally ceded the concession to Wang Jingwei 's Japan-controlled puppet state . Japanese occupation of the city lasted until August 15, 1945, with the surrender of Japan marking the end of World War II. In
3198-523: The MAX grounding in China. In early August 2021, a MAX made a test flight in Shanghai for validation. Later, the CAAC issued an airworthiness directive on 2 December to allow the type return to service if the MCAS is corrected following Boeing's instructions. Currently, CAAC is an administrative department mostly intended to supervise the aviation market. CAAC releases route applications every week and for routes that do not fly to an open-sky country/region, there will be monthly scoring releases that determine
3280-406: The MAX, including the European Union Aviation Safety Agency the next day. It took the US Federal Aviation Administration until 13 March to ground the MAX. Aviation commentators saw this as having bolstered the global reputation of the CAAC at the expense of the FAA. After the MAX was cleared to return by the FAA in November 2020, the CAAC reiterated that there "is no set timetable" to lifting
3362-460: The PLA Air Force, and was transferred to the State Council. Some administrative works were still under the People's Liberation Army and the air controlling was managed by PLA General Stuff Department and Air Force Command. On 30 January 1987, the State Council ratified the Report for the Reform Solution and Executive Steps of the Civil Aviation System Administration System ( Chinese : 关于民航系统管理体制改革方案和实施步骤的报告 ). Since then, CAAC acted solely as
CAAC - Misplaced Pages Continue
3444-484: The PLA Air Force. The General Administration of Civil Aviation was transferred to the PLA Air Force on 20 November 1969. In 1963, China purchased six Vickers Viscount aircraft from Great Britain, followed in 1971 by the purchase of four Hawker Siddeley Trident aircraft from Pakistan International Airlines . In August 1971, the airline purchased six Trident 2Es directly from Hawker Siddeley. The country also placed provisional orders for three Concorde aircraft. With
3526-408: The People's Aviation Company of China was created, headquartered in Tianjin. On 9 June 1953, following Aeroflot in the Soviet Union, the People's Aviation Company of China was merged with the Civil Aviation Agency of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. Later, the SKOGA was merged with the Beijing administration office on 1 January 1955. In November 1954, the Civil Aviation Agency of
3608-412: The People's Revolutionary Military Commission and the State Council issued the Decision for Reorganizing Civil Aviation ( Chinese : 关于整编民用航空的决定 ) and the Civil Aviation Agency of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission was transferred to the military system and was under the direct control of the PLA Air Force, then split the civil aviation administration division and airline division to form
3690-429: The People's Revolutionary Military Commission was renamed Civil Aviation Agency of China. It was transferred to the State Council and came under the leadership of both State Council and PLA Air Force. The PLA Air Force was also responsible for technical, flight, aircrew, communicating, human resources, and political works. On 27 February 1958, the Civil Aviation Agency was transferred to the Ministry of Transport . Later,
3772-426: The Philippines. Because of the development of industry, commerce and finance in the city, Tianjin was established as a municipality of China in 1927. From 1930 to 1935, Tianjin was the provincial capital of Hebei ; afterwards, it was reestablished as an independent municipality. Garrison duty was highly regarded by the troops. General George C. Marshall , the "architect of victory" in World War II, during which he
3854-409: The Tianjin Binhai New Area." In August 2008, China's first high-speed railway , the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway , which has a speed of 350 kilometers per hour, was opened. In August 2008, Tianjin was the co-host city of the 29th Olympic Games . In September 2008, the Annual Meeting of the New Champions of World Economic Forum (also called Summer Davos ) began to be established in Tianjin; it
3936-411: The Tianjin Military Academy ( 天津武備學堂 ) for Chinese army officers with German advisors as a part of his military reforms. The academy's founding was supported by the Anhui Army commander Zhou Shengchuan. The academy was to serve the Anhui Army and the Green Standard Army officers. The instructors were German officers. In 1887, the academy started a program to train teenagers to become army officers;
4018-439: The Tianjin Municipal Government and has provincial-level administrative and economic management rights. The Tianjin Export Processing Zone is one of the first 15 export processing zones approved by the State Council, having been approved on April 27, 2000. This area is a special enclosed zone. where Customs officials conduct constant administration for commodities transported into and out of the zone. The central government granted
4100-420: The Tianjin Municipality, the Hai River forms at the confluence of the Ziya River ( 子牙河 ), Daqing River ( 大清河 ), Yongding River , North Grand Canal , and South Grand Canal ; it enters the Pacific Ocean within the municipality as well as in Tanggu District . Reservoirs include the Beidagang Reservoir in the south (in Dagang District ) and the Yuqiao Reservoir in the north in Ji County . Tianjin has
4182-466: The Tianjin National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone was formally established. On April 21, the China (Tianjin) Free Trade Pilot Zone was also formally established. On April 27, Jincheng Bank , the first private bank in northern China, officially opened its doors. On August 12, 2015, a fire and explosion occurred in a chemical warehouse in Tianjin Port , causing 173 deaths, hundreds of injuries, and property losses. The first two explosions at
SECTION 50
#17327652749434264-415: The United States did not initially participate. During World War I , the German and Austro-Hungarian garrisons were captured as prisoners of war by Allied Forces ; meanwhile, in 1918, the Bolshevik government withdrew the Russian garrison. In 1920, the remaining participating nations asked the United States to join them, and the US then sent the 15th Infantry Regiment , minus one battalion, to Tianjin from
4346-407: The canal ran from Hangzhou to the Beijing and Tianjin region by 609 CE. Grain from southern China was regularly transported to the north through the canal and was used during the subsequent dynasties. Tianjin began to be increasingly mentioned in records during the Song dynasty and gained importance during the Yuan dynasty . Tianjin experienced development under the Yuan and became a location for
4428-414: The channel and by build it on the basis of the old walled river. In July 1973, five counties, including Jixian, Baodi, Wuqing, Jinghai, and Ninghe, were formally placed under the jurisdiction of Tianjin. On July 28, 1976, during the 7.6 magnitude Tangshan Earthquake , Tianjin was affected by shock waves and experienced a loss of life. In the city, 24,345 people died and 21,497 were seriously injured. 60% of
4510-413: The church's Christian supporters and some non-Christian Tianjin residents. The protesters eventually burned down Wanghailou Church and the nearby French consulate, killing eighteen foreigners, including ten French nuns, the French consul, and merchants. France and six other Western nations complained to the Qing government, which was forced to pay compensation for the incident. In 1885, Li Hongzhang founded
4592-456: The city receives 2,460 hours of sunshine annually. Having an annual total precipitation of 521 millimeters (20.5 in), with nearly three-fifths of it occurring in July and August alone, the city lies within the semi-arid climate zone, although parts of the municipality are humid continental ( Köppen BSk / Dwa , respectively). See or edit raw graph data . In May 2014, the city's administration enacted new laws in an attempt to lower
4674-399: The city's buildings were destroyed and more than 30% of the enterprises and Peking Port Reservoir and Yuqiao Reservoir were seriously damaged. Nearly 700,000 people were left homeless. On October 10 of the same year, the Tianjin Underground Railway was opened to traffic. In 1981, Miyun Reservoir was built on the upper reaches of the Hai River; it is now used to supply water for Beijing; however;
4756-551: The city's pollution levels. These measures included several methods to restrict pollution on days when is severe, such as by halving the number of vehicles allowed on roads, halting construction and manufacturing activity, closing schools, and halting large-scale outdoor activities. In the past, flights have also been grounded and highways have been closed. Foreign-born professional sportsmen have made statements regarding Tianjin's air quality, citing it as an impediment to athletic activity and being thick enough to "taste". Tianjin
4838-523: The dispute between the Beijing-Tianjin economic center at the policy level has come to an end. In May 2006, the State Council approved the Binhai New Area as a national integrated reform pilot area. In June of the same year, the State Council's Opinions on Promoting the Development and Opening of the Tianjin Binhai New Area were announced; they stated the following: "In financial enterprises, financial services, financial markets, and finance Major reforms such as opening up can, in principle, be scheduled to precede
4920-428: The explosion was estimated to be $ 9 billion, making it the most expensive supply chain disruption of 2015. Tianjin is located on the west coast of the Bohai Gulf ; the provinces of Shandong and Liaoning are located across those waters. The city is bordered by Beijing , which is 120 kilometers (75 mi) to the northwest. Tianjin is surrounded on all sides by Hebei , with the exception of its eastern border, which
5002-516: The facility, which is located in the Binhai New Area of Tianjin, happened within 30 seconds of each other; the second explosion was larger and involved the detonation of approximately 800 tons of ammonium nitrate (equivalent to about 256 tons of TNT ). Fires caused by the initial explosions continued to burn uncontrollably throughout the weekend, resulting in eight additional explosions on August 15. The buildings of seven more surrounding logistics companies were destroyed. The cost to businesses caused by
SECTION 60
#17327652749435084-415: The introduction of pinyin, the city's name was historically romanized as Tientsin in the Chinese postal romanization . The current English spelling of Tianjin was adopted in 1958, after pinyin was introduced by the PRC government. Several countries, international organizations and media outlets have adopted the pinyin name since in 1979. The Government of the Republic of China (ROC) has continued to use
5166-424: The largest cities in the region. At that time, European-style buildings and mansions were constructed in concessions, some of which are preserved today. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin suffered a depression due to the policy of the central government and the 1976 Tangshan earthquake ; however, it has been recovering since the 1990s. Tianjin is classified as the largest type of port city,
5248-420: The national-level high-tech development area by the State Council in 1995. It is the only national-level high-tech development area specializing in developing the marine technology industry. By the end of 2008, the zone had 2,068 corporations and 5 industries there, including those for new materials, oil manufacturing, modern machinery manufacturing, and electronic information. The Tianjin Nangang Industrial Zone
5330-399: The only way to force the Japanese to lift the blockade was to send the main British battle fleet to Far Eastern waters, and that given the situation in Europe, it would be inappropriate to send the British fleet out of European waters, thus leading the British to finally turn over the six Chinese people, who were then executed by the Japanese. During the Japanese occupation, Tianjin was ruled by
5412-692: The politics of Tianjin is structured in a dual party-government system. The mayor of Tianjin is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Tianjin. Since Tianjin is a municipality, the CCP Municipal Committee Secretary is colloquially known as the "Tianjin CCP Party chief ". Tianjin's gross domestic product (GDP) reached 1.572 trillion yuan in 2014, an increase of 10.0 percent over its GDP in 2013. The city of Tianjin had China's highest per-capita GDP of $ 17,126, followed by Beijing with $ 16,278 and Shanghai with $ 15,847. Industries include petrochemical industries, textiles, car manufacturing, mechanical industries, and metalworking . EADS Airbus
5494-425: The postal and Wade–Giles spelling since the adoption of pinyin by the ROC government in 2009. The land where Tianjin is now located was created in between 900 and 1300 CE by the sediments of rivers entering the sea at the Bohai Gulf , including the Yellow River, which entered the open sea in the area at one time. The construction of the Grand Canal under the Sui dynasty helped the future development of Tianjin, as
5576-424: The program continued for five years. Practical and technical subjects including sciences, foreign languages, Chinese literature, mathematics, and history were taught at the school and exams were administered to students. The lessons taught at the Tianjin Military Academy were copied for the Weihaiwei and Shanhaiguan military schools. A maritime defense fund supplied the budget for the Tianjin Military Academy, which
5658-419: The reservoir stopped the river from supplying water to Tianjin, resulting in difficulty with water usage in the city. As a result, during 1976, the State Council of the People's Republic of China decided to initiate a project to solve the problem of water usage in Tianjin by attracting individuals to the city's academic centers. In 1984, during the beginning of the Chinese government's economic reforms, Tianjin
5740-404: The score for each of them. CAAC subsequently grants permission to start on those who score highest on the list. CAAC also issues frequent operation data and notices. CAAC administers China's no-fly list. List of Directors of the Civil Aviation Administration of China: Tianjin Tianjin is a direct-administered municipality in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea . It
5822-404: The separate Civil Aviation Agency and civil airline. Under this decision, from July to November 1951, the Civil Aviation Agency had four administration offices in Shanghai (Eastern China), Guangzhou (Central-Southern), Chongqing (Southwestern China), and Tianjin (Northern China). The Southern China branch was briefly renamed the Civil Aviation Administration Office of Southern China. On 17 July 1952,
5904-664: The special economic zone preferential policies to attract enterprises in the business of processing and trade to invest in the zone. The Tianjin Export Processing Zone is located to the northeast of TEDA and has a planned area of 2.54 km (0.98 sq mi). The area developed in the first phase is 1 square meter (11 sq ft) wide. A permanent wall is built to separate the export processing and non-export processing zones. The Tianjin Airport International Logistics Zone
5986-534: The storage of goods and grains. Tianjin became a garrison town and shipping station during the Ming dynasty ; it was a center of commerce by the 17th century. During the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the Tianjin Prefecture , or Zhou ( 州 ), was established in 1725, and Tianjin County was established within the prefecture in 1731. Later, it became an urban prefecture or Fu ( 府 ), before becoming
6068-530: The title CAAC . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CAAC&oldid=1173413631 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Civil Aviation Administration of China The Civil Aviation Administration of China ( CAAC ; 中国民用航空局 )
6150-905: Was created in December of the same year, and set offices in Chongqing , Guangzhou , Shanghai , Tianjin , and Wuhan . On 10 March 1950, the Guangzhou Office began to work, managing civil flight services in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hunan. Later, it was merged with Wuhan Office to form the Civil Aviation Office of Central and Southern China on 21 January 1951, in Guangzhou, and was renamed Central and Southern Civil Aviation Office, working for civil flight administrations in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, and Hunan. On 7 May 1952,
6232-569: Was listed as one of the 14 coastal open cities by the State Council and the Tianjin Development Zone 's economy began to develop. However, the overall speed of development in Tianjin is still slower than that of special economic zones and that of other southeast coastal areas. In 1994, Tianjin began its industrial shift towards the east and developed the Binhai New Area , with the Tianjin Port as its core. In October 2005,
6314-838: Was located in the same area as the Tianjin Naval Academy. In 1886, the Tianjin Military Academy adopted Romance of the Three Kingdoms as part of its curriculum. Among its alumni were Wang Yingkai and Duan Qirui ; its staff included Yinchang . In June 1900, the Boxers were able to seize control of parts of Tianjin. On June 26, European defense forces heading towards Beijing were stopped by Boxers at nearby Langfang ; they were defeated and forced to turn back to Tianjin. The foreign concessions were also under siege for several weeks. In July 1900,
6396-524: Was made a subsidiary of the newly created Ministry of Transport, and its official Chinese name was slightly adjusted to reflect its being no longer a ministry-level agency. Its official English name has remained Civil Aviation Administration of China. On 11 March 2019, the CAAC was the first civil aviation authority to ground the Boeing 737 MAX . After so doing, most of the world's aviation authorities grounded
6478-586: Was not always peaceful; one violent incident was that of the Tianjin Church Massacre . In June 1870, the orphanage held by the Wanghailou Church (translated as Church Our Lady's Victories ) in Tianjin, which built by French Roman Catholic missionaries , was accused of kidnapping and brainwashing Chinese children. On June 21, the magistrate of Tianjin County initiated a conflict at the church that developed into violent clashes between
6560-618: Was officially incorporated into the national strategy; Tianjin was positioned as the National Advanced Manufacturing R&;D Base, Northern International Shipping Core Area, Financial Innovation Operation Demonstration Area, and Reform and Opening-up Preceding Area. In the same year, the first phase of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project was completed, so water availability in Tianjin increased. On February 26, 2015,
6642-461: Was renamed the General Administration of Civil Aviation of the Ministry of Transport on 17 November 1960. In April 1962, the Presidium of the 2nd National People's Congress decided to rename the General Administration of Civil Aviation of the Ministry of Transport to the General Administration of Civil Aviation of China on the 53rd meeting. It was transferred to the State Council and was managed by
6724-739: Was the Chief of Staff of the United States Army , served in Tianjin in the 1920s as the Executive Officer of the 15th Infantry. The US withdrew the infantry unit in 1938, but the nation's presence was maintained by the dispatch of a small US Marine Corps unit from the Embassy Guard at Beijing. On July 30, 1937, during the Second Sino-Japanese War , Tianjin fell to Japan, but was not entirely occupied, as
#942057