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77-682: The glacier was discovered in November 1911 by the Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen , and named by him for Consul Axel Heiberg , a Norwegian businessman and patron of science who contributed to numerous Norwegian polar expeditions. Amundsen used this glacier as his route up onto the polar plateau during his successful expedition to the South Pole . According to Sailing Directions for Antarctica (1960), "The Axel Heiberg Glacier, about 6 miles wide and 27 miles long, lies southeastward of

154-677: A Cro-Magnon population that arrived in Europe about 45,000 years ago, Neolithic farmers who migrated from Anatolia during the Neolithic Revolution 9,000 years ago, and Yamnaya steppe pastoralists who expanded into Europe from the Pontic–Caspian steppe in the context of Indo-European migrations 5000 years ago. The Norwegian population is typical of the Northern European population with Haplogroup I1 being

231-424: A dolerite rim and fed entirely from the uncharacteristically heavy snow falling within its own catchment. It falls over 2,700 m (9,000 ft) in 32 km (20 mi), most of it over 11 km (7 mi). The Axel Heiberg Glacier forms below the polar plateau below Helland Hansen Shoulder to the north, Mount Engelstad in the center and Mount Wilhelm Christopherson and Butchers Spur to the south. Mount Don Pedro Christophersen defines

308-637: A union with Denmark . In 1814, following Denmark–Norway's defeat in the Napoleonic Wars , Norway entered a union with Sweden and adopted a new constitution . Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence . Although Norway remained officially neutral in World War I , the country was unofficially allied with the Entente powers . In World War II , Norway proclaimed its neutrality, but

385-550: A Norwegian diplomat. 85°37′S 164°40′W  /  85.617°S 164.667°W  / -85.617; -164.667 . A pyramidal mountain, 3,515 metres (11,532 ft) high, standing 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) northeast of Mount Wedel-Jarlsberg in the Quarles Range. Discovered in November 1911 by Capt. Roald Amundsen, and named by him for one of the daughters of the Norwegian minister to Brazil,

462-688: A chance to get back to Norway. There are very few of them left there today. According to recent genetic analysis, both mtDNA ( mitochondrial DNA ) and Y-chromosome polymorphisms showed a noticeable genetic affinity between the Norwegian population and other ethnic groups in Northern and Central Europe , particularly with the Germans. This is due to a history of at least a thousand years of large-scale migration both in and out of Norway. Norwegians, like most Europeans, largely descend from three distinct lineages: Mesolithic hunter-gatherers , descended from

539-727: A large membership, although many people do not remain observant as adults. A majority of both ethnic Norwegians and Sámi are nominally Christian, but not necessarily observant. In Norway as of 2018, 70% of the population are members of the Lutheran Church , though only 47.1% answered "Yes" to the question "Do you believe in God?" in a 2018 European Values Study . The Norwegians are and have been referred to by other terms as well. Some of them include: Quarles Range Quarles Range ( 85°36′S 164°30′W  /  85.600°S 164.500°W  / -85.600; -164.500 )

616-945: A sharp peak, 3,280 metres (10,760 ft) high, standing at the southernmost point of Rawson Plateau. Discovered by Capt. Roald Amundsen while enroute to the South Pole in November 1911, and named by him for Helmer Hanssen, deputy leader of the South Pole Party. 85°53′S 161°40′W  /  85.883°S 161.667°W  / -85.883; -161.667 . A prominent spur extending eastward from Rawson Plateau between Moffett and Tate Glaciers. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Harry F. Thomas, meteorologist, South Pole Station winter party, 1960. 85°45′S 163°40′W  /  85.750°S 163.667°W  / -85.750; -163.667 . A mainly ice-covered mountain over 3,400 metres (11,200 ft) high, marking

693-618: A strong supporter of Amundsen. According to Sailing Directions for Antarctica (1960), "Mount Ruth Gade, [is] a striking rounded pyramidal massif, completely snow-clad, rising to about 11,960 feet. The Isaiah Bowman Glacier (85°30' S., 160° W.) lies southeastward of Mount Ruth Gade, and is about 5 miles wide and 30 miles long trending in a northeast-southwest direction. 85°34′S 164°00′W  /  85.567°S 164.000°W  / -85.567; -164.000 . A mountain, 2,550 metres (8,370 ft) high, standing 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) northeast of Mount Ruth Gade in

770-1098: Is a North Germanic language with approximately 5 million speakers, of whom most are located in Norway . There are also some speakers of Norwegian in Denmark , Sweden , Germany , Britain , Spain , Canada , and the United States , where the largest community of speakers exists, with 55,311 speakers as of 2000; approximately half of the speakers live in Minnesota (8,060), California (5,865), Washington (5,460), New York (4,200), and Wisconsin (3,520). As of 2006, in Canada, there are 7,710 Norwegian speakers , of whom 3,420 reside in British Columbia , 1,360 in Alberta , and 1,145 in Ontario . Norwegian culture

847-748: Is a high and rugged range of the Queen Maud Mountains , extending from the polar plateau between Cooper Glacier and Bowman Glacier and terminating near the edge of Ross Ice Shelf . Peaks in the range were first sighted by Captain Roald Amundsen in 1911, and the range was mapped in detail by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition , 1928–30. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Donald A. Quarles , United States Secretary of

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924-513: Is also a commonly revered holiday. It marks midsummer and the beginning of summer vacation, and is often celebrated by lighting bonfires the evening before. In Northern areas of Norway, this day has 24 hours of light, while southern areas have only 17.5 hours. The conversion of Norway to Christianity from Norse paganism began in 1000. By the middle of the 11th century, Christianity had become well-established in Norway and had become dominant by

1001-478: Is closely linked to the country's history and geography . The unique Norwegian farm culture , sustained to this day, has resulted not only from scarce resources and a harsh climate but also from ancient property laws . In the 18th century, it brought about a strong romantic nationalistic movement, which is still visible in the Norwegian language and media . In the 19th century, Norwegian culture blossomed as efforts continued to achieve an independent identity in

1078-571: The Constitution of Norway . Many people wear bunad (traditional costumes) and most participate in or watch the Norwegian Constitution Day parade that day, consisting mostly of children, through the cities and towns. The national romanticist author Henrik Wergeland was the founder of the 17 May parade. Common Christian holidays are also celebrated, the most important being Christmas (called Jul in Norway after

1155-596: The Fridtjof Nansen massif . It trends in a northeast.–southwest direction and is steep, reaching an elevation of 10,920 feet at the southem portal. It was discovered and traversed by Amundsen in rovember 1911, on his journey to the south pole." Unlike the big “outlet” glaciers such as the Beardmore , Shackleton and Liv , the Axel Heiberg is in effect an alpine glacier, cut off from the polar plateau by

1232-848: The Norse of the Early Middle Ages who formed a unified Kingdom of Norway in the 9th century. During the Viking Age , Norwegians and other Norse peoples conquered, settled and ruled parts of the British Isles , the Faroe Islands , Iceland and Greenland . Norwegians are closely related to other descendants of the Norsemen such as Danes , Swedes , Icelanders and the Faroe Islanders , as well as groups such as

1309-638: The Scots whose nation they significantly settled and left a lasting impact in, particularly the Northern Isles ( Orkney and Shetland ). The Norwegian language, with its two official standard forms, more specifically Bokmål and Nynorsk , is part of the larger Scandinavian dialect continuum of generally mutually intelligible languages in Scandinavia . Norwegian people and their descendants are found in migrant communities worldwide, notably in

1386-574: The Strom Glacier and west of the Bowman Glacier and Amundsen Glacier . 85°26′S 168°10′W  /  85.433°S 168.167°W  / -85.433; -168.167 . A mainly ice-covered ridge which extends southward from the west portion of Mount Fridtjof Nansen and overlooks the northern side of the head of Axel Heiberg Glacier. It was discovered in 1911 by Roald Armundsen and named by him for Prof. B. Helland Hansen, of

1463-733: The United States , Canada , Australia , New Zealand , South Africa and the United Kingdom. Norwegians are traditionally Lutheran since the Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein which made Lutheranism the only legal religion in the country, however large portions of the population are now either non-practicing, atheist or agnostic . Towards the end of the 3rd millennium BC, Proto-Indo-European –speaking Battle-Axe peoples migrated to Norway bringing domesticated horses , agriculture , cattle and wheel technology to

1540-515: The United States Geological Survey . Norwegian people b. ^ There are millions of Britons of Scandinavian ancestry and ethnicity, though mixed with others. Norwegians ( Norwegian : Nordmenn ) are an ethnic group and nation native to Norway , where they form the vast majority of the population. They share a common culture and speak the Norwegian language . Norwegians are descended from

1617-465: The 2000 U.S. Census, three million Americans consider Norwegian to be their sole or primary ancestry. It is estimated that as many as a further 1.5 million more are of partial Norwegian ancestry. Norwegian Americans represent 2–3% of the non-Hispanic Euro-American population in the U.S. They mostly live in both the Upper Midwest and Pacific Northwest . As early as 1814, a party of Norwegians

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1694-534: The 8th century and onwards, Norwegian and Danish Vikings also settled in Normandy , most famously those led by Rollo ; some of their Norman descendants would later expand to England, Sicily , and other Mediterranean islands. Apart from Britain and Ireland, Norwegian Vikings established settlements in largely uninhabited regions. The first known permanent Norwegian settler in Iceland was Ingólfur Arnarson . In

1771-664: The Air Force , 1955–57, and United States Deputy Secretary of Defense , 1957–59, at the outset of the International Geophysical Year and organization of United States activity in Antarctica. The west of the Quarles Range is north of the head of the Bowman Glacier, which in turn is north of Rawson Plateau. The Mohn Basin lies to the southwest. Mount Wedel-Jarlsburg rises above the head of

1848-582: The Bowman Glacier, where it trends northeast between the confluence of the Bowman and Amundsen Glaciers. Mapped from ground surveys and air photos by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for Henry C. Collins, Asst. Chief, Branch of Special Maps, U.S. Geological Survey. 85°33′S 160°18′W  /  85.550°S 160.300°W  / -85.550; -160.300 . A rock peak, 760 metres (2,490 ft) high, in

1925-549: The Canadian Arctic. Norwegian immigration to Canada lasted from the mid-1880s until 1930, although Norwegians were already working in Canada as early as 1814. It can be divided into three periods of roughly fifteen years each. In the first, to about 1900, thousands of Norwegians homesteaded on the Canadian prairies. In the second, from 1900 to 1914, there was a further heavy influx of Norwegians immigrating to Canada from

2002-588: The Cooper Glacier to the north. Further east, the range extends between Cooper Glacier, a tributary of Axel Heiberg Glacier to the north, and Bowman Glacier , another tributary of Axel Heiberg Glacier to the southeast. Peaks from west to east include Mount Ruth Gade, Mount Harrington, Mount Balecz, Mount Dean and Schobert Nunatak. Rawson Plateau includes Mount Hanssen in the south, the Thomas Spur extending between Tate Glacier and Moffett Glacier to

2079-582: The Dutch merchant fleet and navy came to consist of Norwegians and Danes. Most took Dutch names , leaving no trace of Norwegian names in the later Dutch population. The emigration to the Netherlands was so devastating to the homelands that the Danish-Norwegian king issued penalties of death for emigration, but repeatedly had to issue amnesties for those willing to return, announced by posters in

2156-588: The Herbert Range to enter Axel Heiberg Glacier just southeast of Bell Peak. Probably first seen by Roald Amundsen's polar party in 1911, the glacier was mapped by the ByrdAE, 1928-30. It was named by US-ACAN for Howard H. Sargent III who made ionospheric studies at the South Pole Station in 1964. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of

2233-572: The Norwegian Navy, who had been selected as second in command of the Fram to carry the expedition to Antarctica, but who was killed in a scientific experiment preceding its departure. 85°33′S 167°20′W  /  85.550°S 167.333°W  / -85.550; -167.333 . A mound-shaped, ice-covered knob which rises from the edge of the polar plateau 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) south of Mount Engelstad and overlooks

2310-433: The Quarles Range, 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) northeast of Mount Belecz. Probably first seen by Roald Amundsen's polar party in 1911. First mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for Jesse D. Dean, meteorologist with the South Pole Station party of 1962. 85°31′S 162°14′W  /  85.517°S 162.233°W  / -85.517; -162.233 . A nunatak overlooking

2387-400: The Quarles Range. First mapped from ground surveys and air photos by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for Dan M. Belecz, meteorologist with the South Pole Station winter party in 1962. 85°32′S 163°00′W  /  85.533°S 163.000°W  / -85.533; -163.000 . A mountain, 1,620 metres (5,310 ft) high, standing at the northeast end of

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2464-696: The Quarles Range. Mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928–30, and by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for John R. Harrington, meteorologist with the South Pole Station winter party, 1962. 85°34′S 163°27′W  /  85.567°S 163.450°W  / -85.567; -163.450 . An ice-covered, flat-topped mountain, 2,120 metres (6,960 ft) high, standing 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) northeast of Mount Ruth Gade in

2541-653: The Steagall and Whitney Glaciers and 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) north of Mount Ellsworth. First mapped from ground surveys and air photos by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for Robert E. Behling, USARP glaciologist on the South Pole-Queen Maud Land Traverse II, summer 1965-66. 85°35′S 160°48′W  /  85.583°S 160.800°W  / -85.583; -160.800 . A rugged, ice-covered ridge which extends north from Mount Behling to

2618-553: The United States ( Michigan , Minnesota , North Dakota , South Dakota , and Montana ) show Scandinavian (which includes Norwegian) ancestry proportions among European descent (white) persons of 10 to 20%. Similarly, Norwegian ancestry has been found to account for about 25% of ancestry of the population of the Shetland Islands and Danish-Norwegian ancestry has been found to account for about 25% of ancestry of

2695-500: The United States because of poor economic conditions in the US, and 18,790 from Norway. In the third, from 1919 to 1930, 21,874 people came directly from Norway, with the peak year in 1927, when 5,103 Norwegians arrived, spurred by severe depression at home. They came with limited means, many leaving dole queues. From 1825 to 1900 some 500,000 Norwegians landed at Ville du Quebec in Canada (and other Canadian ports) for travelling through Canada

2772-494: The United States. As a result of this, many of the Norwegians remaining in Norway were religiously moderate; subsequently, church attendance declined throughout the 20th century, as reflected by 78% of the population stating that religion is unimportant in a Gallup poll and low weekly church attendance, at 2%, particularly when compared to that of North Dakota , the state in which Norwegians constitute approximately 30.4% of

2849-482: The United States. In 1850, the year after Great Britain repealed its restrictive Navigation Acts in Canada, more emigrating Norwegians sailed the shorter route to the Ville de Québec ( Quebec City ) in Canada, to make their way to US cities like Chicago , Milwaukee , and Green Bay by steamship . For example, in the 1850s, 28,640 arrived at Quebec, Canada, en route to the US, and 8,351 at New York directly. According to

2926-542: The University of Oslo, Norway. 85°29′S 167°24′W  /  85.483°S 167.400°W  / -85.483; -167.400 . A rounded snow-covered summit rising from the edge of the polar plateau at the head of Axel Heiberg Glacier, about midway between Helland-Hansen Shoulder and Mount Wilhelm Christophersen. It was discovered in 1911 by Roald Amundsen and named by him for Captain Ole Engelstad, of

3003-507: The areas of literature, art and music. Norway's culinary traditions show the influence of long seafaring and farming traditions with salmon (fresh and cured), herring (pickled or marinated), trout , codfish and other seafood balanced by cheeses, dairy products and excellent breads (predominantly dark/darker). Lefse is a common Norwegian potato flatbread, common around Christmas. For renowned Norwegian dishes, see lutefisk , smalahove , pinnekjøtt , Krotekake and fårikål . Along with

3080-582: The classical music of romantic composer Edvard Grieg and the modern music of Arne Nordheim , Norwegian black metal has become something of an export article in recent years. Norway's classical performers include Leif Ove Andsnes , one of the world's more famous pianists, and Truls Mørk , an outstanding cellist. The jazz scene in Norway is also thriving. Jan Garbarek , Mari Boine , Arild Andersen , and Bugge Wesseltoft are internationally recognised while Paal Nilssen-Love , Supersilent , Jaga Jazzist and Wibutee are becoming world-class artists of

3157-569: The country's generous social safety net with an aging population , and preserving economic competitiveness. Norwegian or Norse Vikings raided and settled in Shetland , Orkney , Ireland, Scotland, and northern England. In the United Kingdom, many names for places ending in - kirk , - ness , - thorpe , - toft and - by are likely Norse in origin. In 947, a new wave of Norwegian Vikings appeared in England when Erik Bloodaxe captured York . In

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3234-576: The country's official religion, and its central administrative functions were carried out by the Royal Ministry of Government Administration, Reform and Church Affairs until 2017. The Lutheran Church is still mentioned in the constitution , for example, the King is still required to profess a Lutheran faith. When baptised, children are registered in the Church of Norway 's member register, leading to

3311-505: The divide between the heads of Axel Heiberg and Cooper Glaciers. It was discovered in 1911 by Roald Amundsen, who named it for one of the expedition's chief supporters who lived in Buenos Aires. 85°30′S 164°30′W  /  85.500°S 164.500°W  / -85.500; -164.500 . A tributary glacier, 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) long, flowing northeast between Butchers Spur and Quarles Range to enter

3388-490: The east, Mount Deardorff, Mount Alice Gade and Mount Maloney. 85°39′S 165°08′W  /  85.650°S 165.133°W  / -85.650; -165.133 . An ice-covered mountain between Cooper and Bowman Glaciers, standing 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) southwest of Mount Ruth Gade in the Quarles Range. Discovered in December 1911 by Roald Amundsen, and named by him for Alice Wedel-Jarlsberg, wife of

3465-732: The eastern end of Butchers spur, and separates the Axel Heiberg Glacier from Cooper Glacier. In its upper reach the glacier descends through the Amundsen Icefall, then flows west to the south of the Herbert Range . It is joined by the Cooper Glacier from the south, and by the Sargent Glacier from the north, to the east of Bell Peak . It turns north and flows into the Ross Ice Shelf to the east of

3542-411: The elongated massif between Steagall and Amundsen Glaciers. Discovered by Rear Admiral Byrd on the South Pole flight of November 28–29, 1929, and named by him for Lincoln Ellsworth, American Antarctic explorer. 85°40′S 161°04′W  /  85.667°S 161.067°W  / -85.667; -161.067 . An ice-covered, flat-topped mountain, 2,190 metres (7,190 ft) high, standing between

3619-542: The heads of the Bowman, Moffett and Steagall Glaciers. Mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928–30, and by the USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named for Kennett L. Rawson, a contributor to the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928–30, and a member of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1933-35. Features include: 85°59′S 164°28′W  /  85.983°S 164.467°W  / -85.983; -164.467 . An ice-covered mountain distinguished by

3696-539: The middle of the 12th century. The Norwegians were Catholics until the Danish king Christian III of Denmark forced them to convert to Lutheranism and established a state-governed church. The church undertook a program to convert the Sámi in the 16th and 17th century, with the program being largely successful. In the 19th century, emigration from Norway for political and religious motives began and Lutheranism spread to

3773-493: The most common Y-haplogroup, at about 37,3%. Norwegians also show the characteristic R1a genes of the paternal ancestorship at 17.9% to 30.8%. Such large frequencies of R1a have been found only in East Europe and India. R1b gene showing paternal descent is also widespread at 25.9% to 30.8%. Norwegian genetic ancestry also exists in many locations where Norwegians immigrated. In particular, several northern states in

3850-559: The northeast extremity of the Rawson Plateau. Discovered in November 1911 by Captain Roald Amundsen, and named by him for one of the daughters of the Norwegian minister to Brazil, a strong supporter of Amundsen. According to Sailing Directions for Antarctica (1960), "Mount Alice Gade, about 11,270 feet high, is snow-clad from its base to the well-rounded summit, and is the highest peak of an extensive broken massif forming

3927-415: The northeast part of Collins Ridge, at the confluence of Bowman and Amundsen Glaciers in the Queen Maud Mountains. Discovered and mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for Ronald E. Witalis, meteorologist, South Pole Station winter party, 1961. 85°36′S 159°47′W  /  85.600°S 159.783°W  / -85.600; -159.783 . A bold rock bluff overlooking

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4004-436: The pagan and early Viking winter solstice) and Easter (Påske). In Norway, the Santa (called Nissen ) comes at Christmas Eve , the 24 December, with the presents, not the morning after as in many English speaking countries. He usually comes late in the evening, after the Christmas dinner many children consider long, boring and unnecessary. Jonsok ( St. John 's Passing), or St. Hans ( St. John 's Day), i.e. 24 June,

4081-406: The polar plateau between Mount Fridtjof Nansen and Mount Don Pedro Christophersen. It was named by the Southern Party of the NZGSAE (1961-62) for Captain Roald Amundsen, who ascended Axel Heiberg Glacier enroute to the South Pole in 1911. 85°23′S 163°50′W  /  85.383°S 163.833°W  / -85.383; -163.833 . A steep-walled tributary glacier, flowing southeast from

4158-580: The polar plateau. This feature on the south margin of the Queen Maud Mountains is the location of Roald Amundsen's "Butcher Shop." It was here in November 1911 that his party slaughtered their excess sledge dogs, consuming portions themselves and permitting the remaining sledge dogs a feast, prior to making the final dash to the South Pole, which was reached December 14. 85°32′S 165°47′W  /  85.533°S 165.783°W  / -85.533; -165.783 . A massive, largely ice-covered, gabled mountain 3,765 metres (12,352 ft) high, surmounting

4235-401: The population of Greenland . Y-Chromosome DNA ( Y-DNA ) represents the male lineage, The Norwegian Y-chromosome pool may be summarized as follows where haplogroups R1 & I comprise generally more than 85% of the total chromosomes. Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) represents the female lineage, Haplogroup H represent about 40% of the Norwegian mitochondrial DNA lineages Norwegian

4312-413: The population. Of all U.S. states, North Dakota has the lowest percentage of non-religious people and the largest number of churches per capita. It weekly church attendance is at 43%. In Norway the Church of Norway and state are not entirely separated. An act approved in 2016 created the Church of Norway as an independent legal entity, effective from 1 January 2017. The Church of Norway was previously

4389-402: The region. During the Viking Age , Harald Fairhair unified the Norse petty kingdoms after being victorious at the Battle of Hafrsfjord in the 880s. Two centuries of Viking expansion tapered off following the decline of Norse paganism with the adoption of Christianity in the 11th century. During The Black Death , approximately 60% of the population died and in 1397 Norway entered

4466-427: The same time. According to the 2011 Census , 452,705 Canadians reported Norwegian ancestry (Norwegian-Canadians). As of 2011, there were 3,710 Norwegian-born Australians, and 23,037 Norwegians of Australian descent. In the 19th century a community known as the Kola Norwegians settled in the environs of the Russian city of Murmansk . They have suffered persecution under Joseph Stalin and after 1992 were offered

4543-405: The south side of Axel Heiberg Glacier. It was discovered by Rear Admiral Byrd on several plane flights to the Queen Maud Mountains in November 1929, and named by him for Kent Cooper, an official of the Associated Press. 85°28′S 166°42′W  /  85.467°S 166.700°W  / -85.467; -166.700 . A steep and turbulent icefall where the Axel Heiberg Glacier descends from

4620-406: The south side of the head of Axel Heiberg Glacier. It was discovered in 1911 by Roald Amundsen and named by him for Wilhelm Christophersen, Norwegian diplomat and Minister at Buenos Aires at that time. 85°34′S 166°30′W  /  85.567°S 166.500°W  / -85.567; -166.500 . A high ice-covered spur which descends southwestward from Mount Don Pedro Christophersen to

4697-1117: The south west side of the massif, and the Moffett Glacier along its south side. 85°48′S 162°34′W  /  85.800°S 162.567°W  / -85.800; -162.567 . Prominent peak, 2,380 metres (7,810 ft) high, surmounting the massive ridge dividing the heads of Moffett and Steagall Glaciers. First mapped from ground surveys and air photos by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for J. Evan Deardorff who made cosmic ray studies at McMurdo Station in 1964. 85°48′S 160°52′W  /  85.800°S 160.867°W  / -85.800; -160.867 . A mountain, 2,050 metres (6,730 ft) high, standing 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) south of Mount Ellsworth. Mapped by USGS from ground surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Howard D. Redifer, meteorology electronics technician at South Pole Station, 1959. 85°48′S 160°06′W  /  85.800°S 160.100°W  / -85.800; -160.100 . A prominent mountain, 1,750 metres (5,740 ft) high, rising sharply at

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4774-493: The southeast side of Bowman Glacier . Discovered and mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for John H. Maloney, Jr., meteorologist with the South Pole Station winter party, 1960. 86°01′S 161°12′W  /  86.017°S 161.200°W  / -86.017; -161.200 . An ice-covered mesa, 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) long and rising over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft), standing between Christy Glacier and Tate Glacier on

4851-483: The southwestern flank of the Bowman Glacier. A large tributary glacier, about 13 miles long and 3 miles wide, descends northward from the slopes of Mount Alice Gade and enters the Bowman Glacier about 10 miles southward of the northern portal." 85°41′S 163°35′W  /  85.683°S 163.583°W  / -85.683; -163.583 . A mountain, 1,990 metres (6,530 ft) high, standing 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) north of Mount Alice Gade at

4928-515: The streets of Amsterdam. Increasingly, Dutchmen who search their genealogical roots turn to Norway. Many Norwegians who emigrated to the Netherlands, and often were employed in the Dutch merchant fleet, emigrated further to the many Dutch colonies such as New Amsterdam (New York). Many Norwegians emigrated to the US between the 1850s and the 1920s. The descendants of these people are known as Norwegian Americans. Many Norwegian settlers traveled to and through Canada and Canadian ports while immigrating to

5005-622: The terminus of Bowman Glacier, standing 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) east of Mount Dean, at the northeast end of Quarles Range. First mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for William J. Schobert, aviation electrician and maintenance shop supervisor with United States Navy Squadron VX-6 for several Deep Freeze operations, 1964-67 period. 85°52′S 164°45′W  /  85.867°S 164.750°W  / -85.867; -164.750 . An ice-covered plateau, 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) long and 3,400 metres (11,200 ft) high, rising between

5082-578: The west side of Amundsen Glacier . Discovered by Rear Admiral Byrd on the South Pole flight of November 1929, and named by him for Robert S. Breyer, West Coast representative and patron of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. The name "Mount Breyer" was previously recommended for this feature, but the US-ACAN has amended the terminology to the more suitable Breyer Mesa. 86°04′S 160°36′W  /  86.067°S 160.600°W  / -86.067; -160.600 . A rock peak, 2,430 metres (7,970 ft) high, standing just southeast of Breyer Mesa at

5159-431: The west side of Amundsen Glacier, 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) SE of Mount Ellsworth. First seen and mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for Benjamin F. Smith, meteorologist with the McMurdo Station winter party, 1963. 85°45′S 161°00′W  /  85.750°S 161.000°W  / -85.750; -161.000 . The highest peak, 2,925 metres (9,596 ft) high, on

5236-594: The west side of Amundsen Glacier. Named by US-ACAN after Douglas Waugh, Chief Cartographer with the American Geological Society from 1963, who has contributed much to the Society's Antarctic mapping program. The massif to the northeast of Rawson Plateau between the west side of the Amundsen Glacier and the east side of the Bowman Glacier just before their mouths on the Ross Ice Shelf contains, from southwest to northeast, Mount Deardorff, Mount Redifer, Mount Benjamin, Mount Ellsworth, Mount Benting, Collins Ridge, Witalis Peak and Robinson Bluff. The Steagall Glacier runs along

5313-412: The west side of lower Amundsen Glacier, just north of Whitney Glacier, in the Queen Maud Mountains. Discovered in December 1929 by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition geological party under Laurence Gould. Named by US-ACAN for Richard R. Robinson, station engineer with the McMurdo Station winter party, 1966. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of

5390-457: The year 874 he settled in Reykjavík . After his expulsion from Iceland Erik the Red discovered Greenland, a name he chose in hope of attracting Icelandic settlers. Viking settlements were established in the sheltered fjords of the southern and western coast. Erik's relative Leif Eriksson later discovered North America. During the 17th and 18th centuries, many Norwegians emigrated to the Netherlands, particularly Amsterdam . The Netherlands

5467-414: The younger generation. Norway has a strong folk music tradition which remains popular to this day. Among the most prominent folk musicians are Hardanger fiddlers Andrea Een , Olav Jørgen Hegge , Vidar Lande and Annbjørg Lien , violinist Susanne Lundeng , and vocalists Agnes Buen Garnås , Kirsten Bråten Berg and Odd Nordstoga . Norwegians celebrate their national day on 17 May, dedicated to

5544-464: Was also true of the many Americans of Norwegian heritage who immigrated to Canada from the US with "Canada Fever" seeking homesteads and new economic opportunities. By 1921 one-third of all Norwegians in Canada had been born in the US. These new Canadians became British subjects in Canada, and part of the British Empire. Canadian citizenship, as a status distinct from that of a British subject,

5621-640: Was brought to Canada to build a winter road from York Factory on Hudson Bay to the infant Red River settlement at the site of present-day Winnipeg, Manitoba , Canada. Norway House is one of the oldest trading posts and Native-Canadian missions in the Canadian West. Willard Ferdinand Wentzel served the North West Company of Canada in the Athabasca and Mackenzie regions and accompanied Sir John Franklin on his overland expedition in 1819–20 to

5698-465: Was created on 1 January 1947, with Canada being the first Commonwealth country to create their own citizenship. Prior to that date, Canadians were British subjects and Canada's nationality law closely mirrored that of the United Kingdom. On 1 January 1947, Canadian citizenship was conferred on most British subjects connected with Canada. Unlike the US, Canada was part of the British Empire and most Norwegians would have become Canadians and British subjects at

5775-454: Was nonetheless occupied for five years by Nazi Germany (1940–45). In 1949, neutrality was abandoned and Norway became a member of NATO . Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economy but in referendums held in 1972 and 1994 , Norway rejected joining the EU . Key domestic issues include integration of a fast-growing immigrant population , maintaining

5852-533: Was the second-most popular destination for Norwegian emigrants after Denmark. Loosely estimated, some 10% of the population may have emigrated, in a period when the entire Norwegian population consisted of some 800,000 people. The Norwegians left with the Dutch trade ships that when in Norway traded for timber, hides, herring, and stockfish (dried codfish). Young women took employment as maids in Amsterdam, while young men took employment as sailors. Large parts of

5929-485: Was the shortest corridor to the United States' central states. In spite of efforts by the Government of Canada to retain these immigrants for Canada, very few remained because of Canada's somewhat restrictive land policies at that time and negative stories being told about Canada from U.S. land agents deterring Norwegians from going to Canada. Not until the 1880s did Norwegians accept Canada as a land of opportunity. This

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