Quarles Range ( 85°36′S 164°30′W / 85.600°S 164.500°W / -85.600; -164.500 ) is a high and rugged range of the Queen Maud Mountains , extending from the polar plateau between Cooper Glacier and Bowman Glacier and terminating near the edge of Ross Ice Shelf .
87-895: Peaks in the range were first sighted by Captain Roald Amundsen in 1911, and the range was mapped in detail by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition , 1928–30. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Donald A. Quarles , United States Secretary of the Air Force , 1955–57, and United States Deputy Secretary of Defense , 1957–59, at the outset of the International Geophysical Year and organization of United States activity in Antarctica. The west of
174-540: A new ship, Maud , lasted until 1925. Maud was carefully navigated through the ice west to east through the Northeast Passage . With him on this expedition were Oscar Wisting and Helmer Hanssen, both of whom had been part of the team to reach the South Pole. In addition, Henrik Lindstrøm was included as a cook. He suffered a stroke and was so physically reduced that he could not participate. The goal of
261-613: A number of mountain peaks in this general vicinity were observed and rudely positioned by the South Pole Party under Roald Amundsen. He named peaks in the massif for members of his South Pole Party. The peaks were mapped by USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photography in 1960–64. For the sake of historical continuity and to commemorate the Norwegian exploration in this area, the US-ACAN assigned Amundsen's chosen names to
348-544: A portion of the west slope of Nilsen Plateau . It flows northwest along the northeast side of Hansen Spur to join Amundsen Glacier. The name was used by both the 1963-64 and 1970-71 Ohio State University field parties at Nilsen Plateau; all the rock walls surrounding this glacier are black in appearance. 85°52′S 158°40′W / 85.867°S 158.667°W / -85.867; -158.667 . A glacier 11 nautical miles (20 km; 13 mi) long in
435-402: A quarrel within the group, and Amundsen sent Johansen and the other two men to explore King Edward VII Land . A second attempt, with a team of five made up of Olav Bjaaland , Helmer Hanssen , Sverre Hassel , Oscar Wisting and Amundsen, departed base camp on 19 October. They took four sledges and 52 dogs. Using a route along the previously unknown Axel Heiberg Glacier , they arrived at
522-873: A sharp peak, 3,280 metres (10,760 ft) high, standing at the southernmost point of Rawson Plateau. Discovered by Capt. Roald Amundsen while enroute to the South Pole in November 1911, and named by him for Helmer Hanssen, deputy leader of the South Pole Party. 85°53′S 161°40′W / 85.883°S 161.667°W / -85.883; -161.667 . A prominent spur extending eastward from Rawson Plateau between Moffett and Tate Glaciers. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Harry F. Thomas, meteorologist, South Pole Station winter party, 1960. 85°45′S 163°40′W / 85.750°S 163.667°W / -85.750; -163.667 . A mainly ice-covered mountain over 3,400 metres (11,200 ft) high, marking
609-476: A winter for which they were poorly prepared. By Amundsen's own estimation, the doctor for the expedition, the American Frederick Cook , probably saved the crew from scurvy by hunting for animals and feeding the crew fresh meat. In cases where citrus fruits are lacking, raw meat – particularly offal – from animals often contains enough vitamin C to prevent scurvy. In 1903, Amundsen led
696-671: Is a major Antarctic glacier, about 7 to 11 km (4 to 6 nmi) wide and 150 km (80 nmi) long. It originates on the Antarctic Plateau where it drains the area to the south and west of Nilsen Plateau , then descends through the Queen Maud Mountains to enter the Ross Ice Shelf just west of the MacDonald Nunataks . The Amundsen Glacier was discovered by Richard E. Byrd on
783-495: Is about 6 miles wide and trends southward about 60 miles to the polar plateau. Mount Helmer Hanssen , about 10,742 feet high, is a rounded dome, completely snow-covered, standing conspicuously above the westem wall. A tributary glacier, about 5 miles wide, enters the Amundsen Glacier on the northern side of the Mount Helmer Hanssen massif. The Amundsen Glacier has not been traversed. " The Amundsen Glacier rises on
870-569: Is little evidence, it was said that Amundsen had a brief affair with his landlady in Antwerp —until he came home and found her dead after an apparent suicide. His biographer Tor Bomann-Larsen also suggests a romantic relationship between Amundsen and Sigrid Castberg, wife of the lawyer Leif Castberg from Gjøvik , in the years before the South Pole expedition, a relationship Amundsen broke off after that expedition in favour of Kiss Bennett. Author Julian Sancton noted that in his younger years, Amundsen
957-456: The Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) in association with the many features named in this area for members of Amundsen's Norwegian expedition of 1910-12. 86°23′S 165°00′W / 86.383°S 165.000°W / -86.383; -165.000 . A heavily crevassed glacier at the edge of the polar plateau, about 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) long and 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) wide, draining
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#17327824536621044-647: The Hays Mountains , flowing west from the northwest shoulder of Mount Vaughan to enter Amundsen Glacier just north of Mount Dort . First roughly mapped by the ByrdAE, 1928-30. Remapped by USGS from ground surveys and USN air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Lewis K. Cappellari who made ionospheric studies at McMurdo Station in 1965. 85°35′S 156°24′W / 85.583°S 156.400°W / -85.583; -156.400 . A glacier which flows north from Mount Goodale and Mount Armstrong along
1131-567: The Northeast Passage on the ship Maud , Amundsen began planning for an aerial expedition instead. On 12 May 1926, Amundsen and 15 other men in the airship Norge became the first explorers verified to have reached the North Pole. Amundsen disappeared in June 1928 while flying on a rescue mission for the airship Italia in the Arctic. The search for his remains, which have not been found,
1218-496: The Parry Channel and then south through Peel Sound , James Ross Strait , Simpson Strait and Rae Strait . They spent two winters at King William Island , in the harbor of what is today Gjoa Haven . During this time, Amundsen and the crew learned from the local Netsilik Inuit about Arctic survival skills, which he found invaluable in his later expedition to the South Pole. For example, he learned to use sled dogs for
1305-584: The Royal Norwegian Navy , tried to fly from Wainwright, Alaska , to Spitsbergen across the North Pole. When their aircraft was damaged, they abandoned the journey. To raise additional funds, Amundsen traveled around the United States in 1924 on a lecture tour. In 1925, accompanied by Lincoln Ellsworth , pilot Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen , flight mechanic Karl Feucht and two other team members, Amundsen took two Dornier Do J flying boats ,
1392-672: The South Pole flight in November 1929. The name was proposed for Roald Amundsen by Laurence Gould, leader of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition (Byrd AE) geological party which sledged past the mouth of the glacier in December 1929. According to Sailing Directions for Antarctica (1960), "Lying eastward of the Bowman Glacier is the Amundsen Glacier, the northern portal of which is in 85°30' S., 159°00' W. It
1479-491: The United States Geological Survey . Roald Amundsen This is an accepted version of this page Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen ( UK : / ˈ ɑː m ʊ n d s ən / , US : /- m ə n s -/ ; Norwegian: [ˈrùːɑɫ ˈɑ̂mʉnsən] ; 16 July 1872 – c. 18 June 1928 ) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions . He was a key figure of
1566-711: The Amundsen flight. Amundsen was a lifelong bachelor, but he had a long-time relationship with the Norwegian-born Kristine Elisabeth ('Kiss') Bennett, the wife of an Englishman, Charles Peto Bennett . He met her in London in 1907 and they remained close for many years; Amundsen kept the relationship a secret from everyone outside his intimate circle. Later, he became engaged to Bess Magids, an American divorcée whom he had met in Alaska. Though there
1653-620: The Arctic in the airship Norge , designed by Nobile. They left Spitsbergen on 11 May 1926, flew over the North Pole on 12 May, and landed in Alaska the following day. The three previous claims to have arrived at the North Pole, by the Americans Frederick Cook in 1908; Robert Peary in 1909; and Richard E. Byrd in 1926 (just a few days before the Norge ) are disputed by some, as being either of dubious accuracy or outrightly fraudulent. If these other claims are false,
1740-568: The Barrier, along a line directly south to the Pole. Amundsen also planned to kill most of his dogs on the way and use them as a source for fresh meat. As he went he butchered some of the dogs and fed them to the remaining dogs, as well as eating some himself. A small group, including Hjalmar Johansen , Kristian Prestrud and Jørgen Stubberud , set out on 8 September, but had to abandon their trek due to extreme temperatures. The painful retreat caused
1827-502: The Bowman Glacier, where it trends northeast between the confluence of the Bowman and Amundsen Glaciers. Mapped from ground surveys and air photos by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for Henry C. Collins, Asst. Chief, Branch of Special Maps, U.S. Geological Survey. 85°33′S 160°18′W / 85.550°S 160.300°W / -85.550; -160.300 . A rock peak, 760 metres (2,490 ft) high, in
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#17327824536621914-486: The ByrdAE, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for Raymond L. Whitney, meteorologist, South Pole Station winter party, 1961. 85°34′S 162°00′W / 85.567°S 162.000°W / -85.567; -162.000 . A deeply entrenched glacier, 40 nautical miles (74 km; 46 mi) long, descending the polar plateau between Quarles Range and Rawson Plateau of the Queen Maud Mountains to enter
2001-516: The Goodale Glacier on the right. Download coordinates as: Left (west) tributaries from south to north are: 86°30′S 164°00′W / 86.500°S 164.000°W / -86.500; -164.000 A tributary glacier about 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) long, descending the polar plateau just west of Mount Prestrud, and flowing northeast to enter Amundsen Glacier between Mount Bjaaland and Mount Hassel. Named by
2088-609: The Inuit, threatening their community. His Inuit grandparents saved him. In 2012, Y-DNA analysis, with the families' permission, showed that Ikuallaq was not a match to the direct male line of Amundsen. Not all descendants claiming European ancestry have been tested for a match to Amundsen, nor has there been a comparison of Ikuallaq's DNA to that of other European members of Amundsen's crew. Bowman Glacier The Amundsen Glacier ( 85°35′S 159°00′W / 85.583°S 159.000°W / -85.583; -159.000 )
2175-616: The Moon was named after him; the rim of the crater is being considered by NASA as a potential landing location for their Artemis III lunar lander. Built in 1929 and opened in 1930, Amundsen High School opened its doors in Chicago's Ravenswood neighborhood. The 1969 film The Red Tent tells the story of the Nobile expedition and Amundsen's disappearance. Sean Connery plays Amundsen. A book Scott and Amundsen , by Roland Huntford ,
2262-484: The N-24 and N-25, to 87° 44′ north. It was the northernmost latitude reached by plane up to that time. The aircraft landed a few miles apart without radio contact, yet the crews managed to reunite. The N-24 was damaged. Amundsen and his crew worked for more than three weeks to clean up an airstrip to take off from ice. They shovelled 600 tons of ice while consuming only one pound (450 g) of daily food rations. In
2349-514: The North Pole. Amundsen's French Latham 47 flying boat never returned . Later, a wing-float and bottom gasoline tank from the plane, which had been adapted as a replacement wing-float, were found near the Tromsø coast. It is assumed that the plane crashed in the Barents Sea , and that Amundsen and his crew were killed in the wreck, or died shortly afterward. The search for Amundsen and team
2436-617: The Northwest Passage "was a great achievement for Norway". He said he hoped to do more and signed it "Your loyal subject, Roald Amundsen". The crew returned to Oslo in November 1906, after almost three and a half years abroad. Gjøa was returned to Norway in 1972. After a 45-day trip from San Francisco on a bulk carrier, she was placed on land outside the Fram Museum in Oslo, where she is now situated inside her own building at
2523-415: The Norwegian supporters felt misled. Scott was planning his own expedition to the South Pole that year. Using the ship Fram , earlier used by Fridtjof Nansen , Amundsen left Oslo for the south on 3 June 1910. At Madeira , Amundsen alerted his men that they would be heading to Antarctica, and sent a telegram to Scott: "Beg to inform you Fram proceeding Antarctic – Amundsen." Nearly six months later,
2610-695: The Quarles Range is north of the head of the Bowman Glacier, which in turn is north of Rawson Plateau. The Mohn Basin lies to the southwest. Mount Wedel-Jarlsburg rises above the head of the Cooper Glacier to the north. Further east, the range extends between Cooper Glacier, a tributary of Axel Heiberg Glacier to the north, and Bowman Glacier , another tributary of Axel Heiberg Glacier to the southeast. Peaks from west to east include Mount Ruth Gade, Mount Harrington, Mount Balecz, Mount Dean and Schobert Nunatak. Rawson Plateau includes Mount Hanssen in
2697-501: The Quarles Range, 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) northeast of Mount Belecz. Probably first seen by Roald Amundsen's polar party in 1911. First mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for Jesse D. Dean, meteorologist with the South Pole Station party of 1962. 85°31′S 162°14′W / 85.517°S 162.233°W / -85.517; -162.233 . A nunatak overlooking
Quarles Range - Misplaced Pages Continue
2784-399: The Quarles Range. First mapped from ground surveys and air photos by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for Dan M. Belecz, meteorologist with the South Pole Station winter party in 1962. 85°32′S 163°00′W / 85.533°S 163.000°W / -85.533; -163.000 . A mountain, 1,620 metres (5,310 ft) high, standing at the northeast end of
2871-695: The Quarles Range. Mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928–30, and by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for John R. Harrington, meteorologist with the South Pole Station winter party, 1962. 85°34′S 163°27′W / 85.567°S 163.450°W / -85.567; -163.450 . An ice-covered, flat-topped mountain, 2,120 metres (6,960 ft) high, standing 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) northeast of Mount Ruth Gade in
2958-496: The Quarles Range. Discovered in December 1911 by Roald Amundsen, and named by him for Alice Wedel-Jarlsberg, wife of a Norwegian diplomat. 85°37′S 164°40′W / 85.617°S 164.667°W / -85.617; -164.667 . A pyramidal mountain, 3,515 metres (11,532 ft) high, standing 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) northeast of Mount Wedel-Jarlsberg in the Quarles Range. Discovered in November 1911 by Capt. Roald Amundsen, and named by him for one of
3045-664: The Ross Ice Shelf just west of the flow of Amundsen Glacier. Discovered in December 1929 by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition geological party under Laurence Gould, and named by Byrd for Isaiah Bowman , eminent geographer and president of Johns Hopkins University, 1935-49; Director of the American Geographical Society, 1915–35. 85°38′S 161°54′W / 85.633°S 161.900°W / -85.633; -161.900 . A tributary glacier, 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) long, draining
3132-571: The South Pole flight of Nov. 28-29, 1929, and named by him for R. Admiral William A. Moffett , USN, first Chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics, Dept. of the Navy. 85°39′S 160°00′W / 85.650°S 160.000°W / -85.650; -160.000 . A tributary glacier, 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) long, draining northeast from Mount Ellsworth to enter Amundsen Glacier just south of Robinson Bluff . Discovered and mapped by
3219-652: The Steagall and Whitney Glaciers and 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) north of Mount Ellsworth. First mapped from ground surveys and air photos by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for Robert E. Behling, USARP glaciologist on the South Pole-Queen Maud Land Traverse II, summer 1965-66. 85°35′S 160°48′W / 85.583°S 160.800°W / -85.583; -160.800 . A rugged, ice-covered ridge which extends north from Mount Behling to
3306-459: The carefully collected scientific data was lost during the ill-fated journey of Peter Tessem and Paul Knutsen , two crew members sent on a mission by Amundsen. The scientific materials were later retrieved in 1922 by Russian scientist Nikolay Urvantsev from where they had been abandoned on the shores of the Kara Sea . The 1923 attempt to fly over the Pole failed. Amundsen and Oskar Omdal , of
3393-533: The command of Wisting, was to resume the original plan to drift over the North Pole in the ice. The ship drifted in the ice for three years east of the New Siberian Islands, never reaching the North Pole. It was finally seized by Amundsen's creditors as collateral for his mounting debt. Although they were unable to reach the North Pole, the scientific results of the expedition, mainly the work of Sverdrup, have proven to be of considerable value. Much of
3480-487: The continent and to Hobart , Australia, where Amundsen publicly announced his success on 7 March 1912. He telegraphed news to backers. Amundsen's expedition benefited from his careful preparation, good equipment, appropriate clothing, a simple primary task, an understanding of dogs and their handling, and the effective use of skis. In contrast to the misfortunes of Scott's team, Amundsen's trek proved relatively smooth and uneventful. In 1918, an expedition Amundsen began with
3567-568: The crew got the ship loose from the ice, but it froze again after eleven days somewhere between the New Siberian Islands and Wrangel Island . During this time, Amundsen suffered a broken arm and was attacked by a polar bear. As a result, he participated little in the work outdoors, such as sleigh rides and hunting. He, Hanssen, and Wisting, along with two other men, embarked on an expedition by dog sled to Nome, Alaska, more than 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) away. But they found that
Quarles Range - Misplaced Pages Continue
3654-623: The crew of the Norge would be the first explorers verified to have reached the North Pole, when they floated over it in the Norge in 1926. If the Norge expedition was the first to the North Pole, Amundsen and Oscar Wisting were the first men to have reached both geographical poles, by ground or by air. Amundsen disappeared on 18 June 1928 while flying on a rescue mission in the Arctic. His team included Norwegian pilot Leif Dietrichson , French pilot René Guilbaud , and three more Frenchmen. They were seeking missing members of Nobile's crew, whose new airship Italia had crashed while returning from
3741-535: The crew. During the third winter, Maud was frozen in the western Bering Strait. She finally became free and the expedition sailed south, reaching Seattle , in the American Pacific Northwest in 1921 for repairs. Amundsen returned to Norway, needing to put his finances in order. He took with him two young indigenous girls, a four-year-old he adopted, Kakonita, and her companion Camilla. When Amundsen went bankrupt two years later, however, he sent
3828-667: The daughters of the Norwegian minister to Brazil, a strong supporter of Amundsen. According to Sailing Directions for Antarctica (1960), "Mount Ruth Gade, [is] a striking rounded pyramidal massif, completely snow-clad, rising to about 11,960 feet. The Isaiah Bowman Glacier (85°30' S., 160° W.) lies southeastward of Mount Ruth Gade, and is about 5 miles wide and 30 miles long trending in a northeast-southwest direction. 85°34′S 164°00′W / 85.567°S 164.000°W / -85.567; -164.000 . A mountain, 2,550 metres (8,370 ft) high, standing 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) northeast of Mount Ruth Gade in
3915-960: The east slopes of Rawson Plateau between Mount Alice Gade and Mount Deardorff and flowing north to enter Bowman Glacier. First mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928–30. Named by US-ACAN for Jack Steagall, meteorologist, South Pole Station winter party, 1961. Right (east) tributaries from south to north are: 86°15′S 161°00′W / 86.250°S 161.000°W / -86.250; -161.000 . A tributary glacier, 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) long, draining west from Nilsen Plateau to enter Amundsen Glacier just south of Olsen Crags . Mapped by USGS from surveys and USN air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Charles F. Epler, storekeeper with USN Squadron VX-6 on Operation Deep Freeze 1966 and 1967. 86°10′S 159°40′W / 86.167°S 159.667°W / -86.167; -159.667 . A tributary glacier, 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) long, which drains
4002-559: The edge of the Polar Plateau on 21 November after a four-day climb. The team and 16 dogs arrived at the pole on 14 December, a month before Scott's group. Amundsen named their South Pole camp Polheim . Amundsen renamed the Antarctic Plateau as King Haakon VII's Plateau. They left a small tent and letter stating their accomplishment, in case they did not return safely to Framheim. The team arrived at Framheim on 25 January 1912, with 11 surviving dogs. They made their way off
4089-410: The elongated massif between Steagall and Amundsen Glaciers. Discovered by Rear Admiral Byrd on the South Pole flight of November 28–29, 1929, and named by him for Lincoln Ellsworth, American Antarctic explorer. 85°40′S 161°04′W / 85.667°S 161.067°W / -85.667; -161.067 . An ice-covered, flat-topped mountain, 2,190 metres (7,190 ft) high, standing between
4176-526: The end, the six crew members were packed into the N-25. In a remarkable feat, Riiser-Larsen took off, and they barely became airborne over the cracking ice. They returned triumphant when everyone thought they had been lost forever. In 1926, Amundsen and 15 other men (including Ellsworth, Riiser-Larsen, Oscar Wisting, and the Italian air crew led by aeronautical engineer Umberto Nobile ) made the first crossing of
4263-607: The expedition arrived at the eastern edge of the Ross Ice Shelf (then known as "the Great Ice Barrier"), at a large inlet called the Bay of Whales , on 14 January 1911. Amundsen established his base camp there, calling it Framheim . Amundsen eschewed the heavy wool clothing worn on earlier Antarctic attempts in favour of adopting Inuit -style furred skins. Using skis and dog sleds for transportation, Amundsen and his men created supply depots at 80°, 81° and 82° South on
4350-469: The expedition told of their relations with Inuit women, and historians have speculated that Amundsen might also have taken a partner, although he wrote a warning against this. Specifically, half-brothers Bob Konona and Paul Ikuallaq say that their father Luke Ikuallaq told them on his deathbed that he was the son of Amundsen. Konona said that their father Ikuallaq was left out on the ice to die after his birth, as his European ancestry made him illegitimate to
4437-501: The expedition was to explore the unknown areas of the Arctic Ocean, strongly inspired by Fridtjof Nansen's earlier expedition with Fram . The plan was to sail along the coast of Siberia and go into the ice farther to the north and east than Nansen had. In contrast to Amundsen's earlier expeditions, this was expected to yield more material for academic research, and he carried the geophysicist Harald Sverdrup on board. The voyage
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#17327824536624524-546: The first expedition to traverse Canada's Northwest Passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. He planned a small expedition of six men in a 45-ton fishing vessel, Gjøa , to have flexibility. His ship had relatively shallow draft. His technique was to use a small ship and hug the coast. Amundsen had the ship outfitted with a small 13 horsepower single-screw paraffin (diesel) engine. They traveled via Baffin Bay ,
4611-426: The girls to be cared for by Camilla's father, who lived in eastern Russia. In June 1922, Amundsen returned to Maud , which had been sailed to Nome. He decided to shift from the planned naval expedition to aerial ones, and arranged to charter a plane. He divided the expedition team in two: one part, led by him, was to winter over and prepare for an attempt to fly over the pole in 1923. The second team on Maud , under
4698-541: The heads of the Bowman, Moffett and Steagall Glaciers. Mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928–30, and by the USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named for Kennett L. Rawson, a contributor to the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928–30, and a member of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1933-35. Features include: 85°59′S 164°28′W / 85.983°S 164.467°W / -85.983; -164.467 . An ice-covered mountain distinguished by
4785-548: The ice was not frozen solid in the Bering Strait , and it could not be crossed. They sent a telegram from Anadyr to signal their location. After two winters frozen in the ice, without having achieved the goal of drifting over the North Pole, Amundsen decided to go to Nome to repair the ship and buy provisions. Several of the crew ashore there, including Hanssen, did not return on time to the ship. Amundsen considered Hanssen to be in breach of contract, and dismissed him from
4872-538: The museum. Amundsen next planned to take an expedition to the North Pole and explore the Arctic Basin . Finding it difficult to raise funds, when he heard in 1909 that the Americans Frederick Cook and Robert Peary had claimed to reach the North Pole as a result of two different expeditions, he decided to reroute to Antarctica. He was not clear about his intentions, and Robert F. Scott and
4959-558: The northeast extremity of the Rawson Plateau. Discovered in November 1911 by Captain Roald Amundsen, and named by him for one of the daughters of the Norwegian minister to Brazil, a strong supporter of Amundsen. According to Sailing Directions for Antarctica (1960), "Mount Alice Gade, about 11,270 feet high, is snow-clad from its base to the well-rounded summit, and is the highest peak of an extensive broken massif forming
5046-414: The northeast part of Collins Ridge, at the confluence of Bowman and Amundsen Glaciers in the Queen Maud Mountains. Discovered and mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for Ronald E. Witalis, meteorologist, South Pole Station winter party, 1961. 85°36′S 159°47′W / 85.600°S 159.783°W / -85.600; -159.783 . A bold rock bluff overlooking
5133-600: The northeast side of Hansen Spur to join Amundsen Glacier. It flows north through past Beck Peak and the Breyer Mesa . Continuing north it is joined by the Tate Glacier, Moffett Glacier and Whitney Glacier from the left, and by the Cappellari Glacier to the right. As it enters the Ross Ice Shelf between Witalis Peak and the MacDonald Nunataks it converges with the Bowman Glacier on the left and
5220-407: The northeasternmost summit of the massif. Amundsen named one of the peaks for Sverre Hassel, a member of the party. The US-ACAN has selected this feature to be designated Mount Hassel.. 86°33′S 164°14′W / 86.550°S 164.233°W / -86.550; -164.233 . A rock peak 2,675 metres (8,776 ft) high, the southeasternmost summit of the massif. Amundsen named one of
5307-648: The party across the upper or western portion of the glacier. 86°06′S 161°30′W / 86.100°S 161.500°W / -86.100; -161.500 . A steep tributary glacier draining southeast along the southwest side of Breyer Mesa to enter Amundsen Glacier. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Clarence C. Christy, maintenance shop supervisor at Williams Field, McMurdo Sound, on USN OpDFrz 1967. 85°54′S 160°50′W / 85.900°S 160.833°W / -85.900; -160.833 . A tributary glacier on
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#17327824536625394-417: The peaks for Olaf Bjaaland, a member of the party. The US-ACAN has selected this feature to be designated Mount Bjaaland. 86°34′S 165°07′W / 86.567°S 165.117°W / -86.567; -165.117 . A peak over 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) high which rises from the southwestern part of the massif. Amundsen named one of the peaks for Lieutenant Kristian Prestrud , first officer of
5481-487: The peaks. 86°27′S 165°26′W / 86.450°S 165.433°W / -86.450; -165.433 . A rock peak (2,580 m), the north westernmost summit of the massif. Amundsen named one of the peaks for Oscar Wisting, a member of the party. The US-ACAN has selected this feature to be designated Mount Wisting. 86°28′S 164°28′W / 86.467°S 164.467°W / -86.467; -164.467 . A rock peak 2,390 metres (7,840 ft) high,
5568-619: The period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration . Born in Borge, Østfold , Norway, Amundsen began his career as a polar explorer as first mate on Adrien de Gerlache 's Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–1899. From 1903 to 1906, he led the first expedition to successfully traverse the Northwest Passage on the sloop Gjøa . In 1909, Amundsen began planning for a South Pole expedition . He left Norway in June 1910 on
5655-760: The polar plateau to the west of the Rawson Mountains . It flows northwest to the Nødtvedt Nunataks , which it passes on both sides, and is fed by the Norway Glacier from the left (west) south of Mount Hassel, where it wheels to the north and then northeast, fed by Devils Glacier from the left, by the Epler Glacier from the right and then by the Christy Glacier from the left. The tributary Blackwall Glacier flows northwest along
5742-581: The ship Fram and reached Antarctica in January 1911. His party established a camp at the Bay of Whales and a series of supply depots on the Barrier (now known as the Ross Ice Shelf ) before setting out for the pole in October. The party of five, led by Amundsen, became the first to reach the South Pole on 14 December 1911. Following a failed attempt in 1918 to reach the North Pole by traversing
5829-477: The south part of the Mohn Basin and flowing northeast to enter the upper part of Amundsen Glacier just north of the mountain group consisting of Mount Wisting, Mount Hassel, Mount Bjaaland and Mount Prestrud. The glacier was encountered by Roald Amundsen's South Pole Party in 1911 and was named by them to describe the extremely rough sledging in the area. Amundsen's route southward, between 168° and 169°W, took
5916-631: The south side of Thomas Spur , flowing east and merging with Moffett Glacier just east of the spur where the two glaciers enter the larger Amundsen Glacier. Mapped by USGS from surveys and USN air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Robert Tate, geomagnetist / seismologist with the South Pole Station winter party, 1964. 85°52′S 161°00′W / 85.867°S 161.000°W / -85.867; -161.000 . A tributary glacier, 13 nautical miles (24 km; 15 mi) long, flowing east from Rawson Plateau to enter Amundsen Glacier just south of Mount Benjamin . Discovered by R. Admiral Byrd on
6003-1178: The south west side of the massif, and the Moffett Glacier along its south side. 85°48′S 162°34′W / 85.800°S 162.567°W / -85.800; -162.567 . Prominent peak, 2,380 metres (7,810 ft) high, surmounting the massive ridge dividing the heads of Moffett and Steagall Glaciers. First mapped from ground surveys and air photos by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for J. Evan Deardorff who made cosmic ray studies at McMurdo Station in 1964. 85°48′S 160°52′W / 85.800°S 160.867°W / -85.800; -160.867 . A mountain, 2,050 metres (6,730 ft) high, standing 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) south of Mount Ellsworth. Mapped by USGS from ground surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Howard D. Redifer, meteorology electronics technician at South Pole Station, 1959. 85°48′S 160°06′W / 85.800°S 160.100°W / -85.800; -160.100 . A prominent mountain, 1,750 metres (5,740 ft) high, rising sharply at
6090-460: The south, the Thomas Spur extending between Tate Glacier and Moffett Glacier to the east, Mount Deardorff, Mount Alice Gade and Mount Maloney. 85°39′S 165°08′W / 85.650°S 165.133°W / -85.650; -165.133 . An ice-covered mountain between Cooper and Bowman Glaciers, standing 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) southwest of Mount Ruth Gade in
6177-492: The southeast side of Bowman Glacier . Discovered and mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for John H. Maloney, Jr., meteorologist with the South Pole Station winter party, 1960. 86°01′S 161°12′W / 86.017°S 161.200°W / -86.017; -161.200 . An ice-covered mesa, 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) long and rising over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft), standing between Christy Glacier and Tate Glacier on
6264-482: The southwestern flank of the Bowman Glacier. A large tributary glacier, about 13 miles long and 3 miles wide, descends northward from the slopes of Mount Alice Gade and enters the Bowman Glacier about 10 miles southward of the northern portal." 85°41′S 163°35′W / 85.683°S 163.583°W / -85.683; -163.583 . A mountain, 1,990 metres (6,530 ft) high, standing 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) north of Mount Alice Gade at
6351-621: The terminus of Bowman Glacier, standing 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) east of Mount Dean, at the northeast end of Quarles Range. First mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for William J. Schobert, aviation electrician and maintenance shop supervisor with United States Navy Squadron VX-6 for several Deep Freeze operations, 1964-67 period. 85°52′S 164°45′W / 85.867°S 164.750°W / -85.867; -164.750 . An ice-covered plateau, 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) long and 3,400 metres (11,200 ft) high, rising between
6438-569: The transport of goods and to wear animal skins in lieu of heavy, woolen parkas, which could not keep out the cold when wet. Leaving Gjoa Haven, he sailed west and passed Cambridge Bay , which had been reached from the west by Richard Collinson in 1852. Continuing to the south of Victoria Island , the ship cleared the Canadian Arctic Archipelago on 17 August 1905 . It had to stop for the winter before going on to Nome on Alaska's Pacific coast. The nearest telegraph station
6525-577: The west side of Amundsen Glacier . Discovered by Rear Admiral Byrd on the South Pole flight of November 1929, and named by him for Robert S. Breyer, West Coast representative and patron of the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. The name "Mount Breyer" was previously recommended for this feature, but the US-ACAN has amended the terminology to the more suitable Breyer Mesa. 86°04′S 160°36′W / 86.067°S 160.600°W / -86.067; -160.600 . A rock peak, 2,430 metres (7,970 ft) high, standing just southeast of Breyer Mesa at
6612-469: The west side of Medina Peaks , in the foothills of the Queen Maud Mountains. First seen and mapped by the ByrdAE, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN in association with Mount Goodale. A mountain group consisting of Mount Wisting, Mount Hassel, Mount Bjaaland and Mount Prestrud lies at the head of the Amundsen Glacier just south of the point where the Devils Glacier enters from the left. In November 1911,
6699-495: The west side of Amundsen Glacier, 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) SE of Mount Ellsworth. First seen and mapped by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition, 1928-30. Named by US-ACAN for Benjamin F. Smith, meteorologist with the McMurdo Station winter party, 1963. 85°45′S 161°00′W / 85.750°S 161.000°W / -85.750; -161.000 . The highest peak, 2,925 metres (9,596 ft) high, on
6786-728: The west side of Amundsen Glacier. Named by US-ACAN after Douglas Waugh, Chief Cartographer with the American Geological Society from 1963, who has contributed much to the Society's Antarctic mapping program. The massif to the northeast of Rawson Plateau between the west side of the Amundsen Glacier and the east side of the Bowman Glacier just before their mouths on the Ross Ice Shelf contains, from southwest to northeast, Mount Deardorff, Mount Redifer, Mount Benjamin, Mount Ellsworth, Mount Benting, Collins Ridge, Witalis Peak and Robinson Bluff. The Steagall Glacier runs along
6873-411: The west side of lower Amundsen Glacier, just north of Whitney Glacier, in the Queen Maud Mountains. Discovered in December 1929 by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition geological party under Laurence Gould. Named by US-ACAN for Richard R. Robinson, station engineer with the McMurdo Station winter party, 1966. [REDACTED] This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of
6960-632: The whole course of my life". Amundsen joined the Belgian Antarctic Expedition as first mate at the age of 25 in 1897. This expedition, led by Adrien de Gerlache using the ship the RV Belgica , became the first expedition to overwinter in Antarctica. The Belgica , whether by mistake or design, became locked in the sea ice at 70°30′S off Alexander Island , west of the Antarctic Peninsula . The crew endured
7047-534: Was 500 mi (800 km) away in Eagle . Amundsen traveled there overland to wire a success message on 5 December, then returned to Nome in 1906. Later that year he was elected to the American Antiquarian Society . Amundsen learned of the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden , and that he had a new king. The explorer sent the new king, Haakon VII , news that his traversing
7134-563: Was adapted into the TV serial The Last Place on Earth . It aired in 1985 and features Sverre Anker Ousdal as Amundsen. On 15 February 2019, a biographic Norwegian film titled Amundsen , directed by Espen Sandberg , was released. At least two Inuit in Gjøa Haven with European ancestry have claimed to be descendants of Amundsen, from the period of their extended winter stay on King William Island from 1903 to 1905. Accounts by members of
7221-474: Was aged 21. He promptly quit university for a life at sea. Amundsen was in the Uranienborg neighbourhood an occasional childhood playmate of the pioneering Antarctica explorer Carsten Borchgrevink . When he was fifteen years old, Amundsen was enthralled by reading Sir John Franklin 's narratives of his overland Arctic expeditions. Amundsen wrote "I read them with a fervid fascination which has shaped
7308-527: Was called off in September 1928 by the Norwegian government, and the bodies were never found. In 2004 and in late August 2009, the Royal Norwegian Navy used the unmanned submarine Hugin 1000 to search for the wreckage of Amundsen's plane. The searches focused on a 40-square-mile (100 km ) area of the sea floor, and were documented by the German production company ContextTV. They found nothing from
7395-409: Was called off that September. Amundsen was born into a family of Norwegian shipowners and captains in Borge , between the towns Fredrikstad and Sarpsborg . His parents were Jens Amundsen and Hanna Sahlqvist. Roald was the fourth son in the family. His mother wanted him to avoid the family maritime trade and encouraged him to become a doctor, a promise that Amundsen kept until his mother died when he
7482-595: Was said to have ignored romantic relationships in pursuit of his goals. He "found little use in activities that didn't help him fulfill his polar ambitions". Owing to Amundsen's numerous significant accomplishments in polar exploration, many places in both the Arctic and Antarctic are named after him. The Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station , operated by the United States Antarctic Program , was jointly named in honour of Amundsen and his British rival Robert Falcon Scott . The Amundsen crater on
7569-568: Was to the northeasterly direction over the Kara Sea . Amundsen planned to freeze the Maud into the polar ice cap and drift towards the North Pole ;– as Nansen had done with the Fram – and he did so off Cape Chelyuskin . But, the ice became so thick that the ship was unable to break free, although it was designed for such a journey in heavy ice. In September 1919,
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