102-459: 13°04′05″N 80°17′09″E / 13.068107°N 80.28585°E / 13.068107; 80.28585 The Cooum River , or simply Koovam , is one of the shortest classified rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal . This river is about 72 km (45 mi) in length, flowing 32 km (20 mi) in the city of Chennai (urban part) and the rest in rural part. The river is highly polluted in
204-669: A 30-kilometre (19 mi) stretch of the Cooum in December 2010, initially discharging about 5.7 cubic metres per second (200 cu ft/s) of surplus water from the Poondi reservoir into the river. In September 2011, the WRD began cleaning the river at a cost of ₹ 10.2 million and the work is expected to be completed within a fortnight. In 2012, the government allotted ₹ 3,000 million towards construction of 337 sewage cleaning systems in
306-420: A brief period. Egrets and cormorants too were cited flocking the river to feast on fish. The river discharged the floodwater at a rate of about 21,500 cubic metres per second (760,000 cu ft/s). A 1928 poem by V. H. Shipley describes the river as follows: Of dirt and smell your sources wake... And near the sea where one would think Your water might be cleaner, It forms a cesspit by the bridge, Adjoining
408-546: A decline in the overall availability of fish resources; changes in species composition of catches; the high proportion of juvenile fish in the catch; and changes in marine biodiversity , especially through loss of vulnerable and endangered species . The transboundary nature of these issues are: that many fish stocks are shared between BOBLME countries through the transboundary migration of fish, or larvae . Fishing overlaps national jurisdictions, both legally and illegally – overcapacity and overfishing in one location forces
510-469: A dip in the Cooum. The Cooum river was then clean and unpolluted. For centuries, Cooum has been an integral part of the socio-economic and cultural life of the city. Till the early twentieth century, it was a clean river, most suitable for navigation. In ancient times, it played a pivotal part in the far-flung maritime trade between the Roman Empire , South India and Sri Lanka . Cooum's proximity to
612-453: A few of the marine animals. Bay of Bengal hogfish ( Bodianus neilli ) is a type of wrasse which live in turbid lagoon reefs or shallow coastal reefs. Schools of dolphins can be seen, whether they are the bottle nose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) , pantropical spotted dolphin ( Stenella attenuata ) or the spinner dolphin ( Stenella longirostris ) . Tuna and dolphins usually reside in the same waters. In shallower and warmer coastal waters
714-576: A large estuarine delta that holds a mangrove area in the Ganges River Delta . A transboundary issue is defined as an environmental problem in which either the cause of the problem and/or its impact is separated by a national boundary; or the problem contributes to a global environmental problem and finding regional solutions is considered to be a global environmental benefit. The eight Bay of Bengal countries have (2012) identified three major transboundary problems (or areas of concern) affecting
816-809: A migration of fishers and vessels to other locations. All countries (to a greater or lesser degree) are experiencing difficulties in implementing fisheries management , especially the ecosystem approach to fisheries . Bay of Bengal countries contribute significantly to the global problem of loss of vulnerable and endangered species . The main causes of the issues are: open access to fishing grounds; Government emphasis on increasing fish catches; inappropriate government subsidies provided to fishers; increasing fishing effort, especially from trawlers and purse seiners ; high consumer demand for fish, including for seed and fishmeal for aquaculture ; ineffective fisheries management; and illegal and destructive fishing. Kadambathur Kadambathur , also spelt Kadambattur ,
918-399: A piece of land isolating it from the surrounding land before draining into the eastern sea. However, the mouth of the river is not too wide and does not have any islet. The river mouth has groynes running to a total length of nearly 250 metres (820 ft). The opening between the groynes is about 170 metres (560 ft) to facilitate tidal action. The impact of high tide bringing in sea water
1020-474: A provision to park 70 vehicles. The butterfly park will be built in the second phase. During the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, the empty waterway enabled it to take in much of the incoming ocean water. Some say this would not have been possible had the river been in full flow. In November 2005, three days of torrential rains flushed out the waste and cleaned up the river, and the river looked clear for
1122-418: A serious urgency by India and Myanmar into a territorial dispute. Disputes over rights of some oil and gas blocks have caused brief diplomatic spats between Myanmar and India with Bangladesh. The disputed maritime boundary between Bangladesh and Myanmar resulted in military tensions in 2008 and 2009. The maritime dispute between Bangladesh and Myanmar settled in 2012 through the judgement of ITLOS. In 2014,
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#17327917257361224-567: A short period. Nevertheless, the river is still being used for drinking water needs of many villages in the banks of the unpolluted part of the river. The Cooum River originates in a village of the same name in Kadambathur union in Tiruvallur district, about 70 kilometres (43 mi) from Chennai, although starting its main course at Sattarai village, around 65 kilometres (40 mi) from Chennai. Flowing through Thiruverkadu , it enters
1326-662: A total of 43 villages. The town is in between Tiruvallur and Arakkonam, and the neighborhood is served by the Kadambattur railway station of the Chennai Suburban Railway Network. Kadambathur is also connected with the city (Vadapalani) by MTC bus no. "538" and also connected to other neighborhoods by Chennai buses. Government bus routes 160, 160B, T2, 162, 538 and 519 operate from here to Kanchipuram, Tiruvallur, Sunguvarchatram, poonamallee and Vadapalani. The major mode of transportation of Kadambathur
1428-603: Is a 14 km-wide deep sea canyon of the Bay of Bengal. The deepest recorded area of this valley is about 1340 m. The submarine canyon is part of the Bengal Fan , the largest submarine fan in the world. Submarine fan is also known as abyssal fan . Bay of Bengal fan, known as Bengal Fan , also known as the Ganges Fan is world's largest abyssal fan, also known as deep-sea fans, underwater deltas, and submarine fans. The fan
1530-892: Is a mangrove forest in the southern part of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta which lies in the Indian state of West Bengal and in Bangladesh. The Brahmaputra at 2,948 km (1,832 mi) is the 15th longest River in the world. It originates in Tibet . The Hooghly River , another channel of the Ganga that flows through Kolkata drains into Bay of Bengal at Sagar in West Bengal, India. The Ganga–Brahmaputra-Barak rivers deposit nearly 1000 million tons of sediment every year. The sediment from these three rivers form
1632-463: Is a new venture proposed which would create a channel for a shipping route to link the Gulf of Mannar with the Bay of Bengal. This would connect India from east to west without the necessity of going around Sri Lanka. Thoni and catamaran fishing boats of fishing villages thrive along the Bay of Bengal shorelines. Fishermen can catch between 26 and 44 species of marine fish. In one year, the average catch
1734-581: Is a town located in Tiruvallur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . It is a census town in Tiruvallur taluk . According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 11,235. Kadambathur town is part of Chennai Metropolitan Area. Kadambathur had its own assembly constituency Kadambathur Assembly constituency Kadambathur town consists of three main areas, namely Kadambathur, Venmanabudhur and Kasavanalathur. The Kadambathur block contains
1836-792: Is about 3,000 km (1,900 mi) long, 1,430 km (890 mi) wide with a maximum thickness of 16.5 km (10.3 mi). The fan resulted from the uplift and erosion of the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau produced by the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate . Most of the sediment is supplied by the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers which supply the Lower Meghna delta in Bangladesh and
1938-553: Is felt for nearly 3 kilometres (2 mi) in the river. At present, the river has to be periodically cleaned to prevent sand deposits near the river mouth, close to the Napier bridge, which are removed at frequent intervals using at least two machines to facilitate tidal action and avoid flooding. About 80,000 cubic metres (2,800,000 cu ft) of sand were removed in 2010–11. The river basin spans an area of 505.88 square kilometers. There are nine major bridges built over
2040-615: Is one more temple called the Veerebathrasami temple. The god in the temple is otherwise known as "Akoramoorthy". This temple is at Pillayarkuppam, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Cooum village. In ancient Tamil Nadu, under the Chola Empire, the river Cooum was referred to as Kashtabudhyotpathihi . They all form a group of villages called Padhinaru Nattham . The river drains into the Bay of Bengal at Chepauk in Chennai marking
2142-776: Is one of the World's 64 largest marine ecosystems . Kerilia jerdonii is a sea snake of the Bay of Bengal. Glory of Bengal cone ( Conus bengalensis ) is just one of the seashells which can be photographed along beaches of the Bay of Bengal. An endangered species , the olive ridley sea turtle can survive because of the nesting grounds made available at the Gahirmatha Marine Wildlife Sanctuary, Gahirmatha Beach , Odisha , India. Marlin , barracuda , skipjack tuna, ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) , yellowfin tuna , Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphin ( Sousa chinensis ) , and Bryde's whale ( Balaenoptera edeni ) are
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#17327917257362244-493: Is one of the main objectives of the project. The upper region of the river, mainly Kancheepuram, Chengalpattu and Thiruvallur districts, will be benefiting from this special fund. A team from Chennai has visited San Antonio in Texas to see how they successfully did the clean-up of a polluted river. The team comprised former Deputy Chief Minister M. K. Stalin , former Chennai Mayor M. Subramaniam and other senior officers. One of
2346-461: Is the railway. It is located in Chennai - Arakkonam suburban railway route. It is very close to Chennai central almost 45 mins travel. This town is connected with Chennai Central, Chennai Beach, Velachery, Avadi, Ambattur, Tiruvallur, Arakkonam, Thiruthani, Thirupathi and Bengaluru by suburban and passenger trains. Kadambathur is located on the Thiruvallur - Kancheepuram main district road. It
2448-446: Is the railway. It is located on the Chennai - Arakkonam suburban railway route. It is very close to Chennai central, almost 45 mins travel. This town is connected with Chennai Central, Chennai Beach, Velachery, Avadi, Ambattur, Tiruvallur, Arakkonam, Thiruthani, Thirupathi and Bengaluru by suburban and passenger trains. Kadambathur is located on the Thiruvallur - Kanchipuram main district road. History of Tiruvallur District Tiruvallur
2550-425: Is the study of how ancient peoples interacted with the sea and waterways. A specialized branch, archaeology of shipwrecks , studies the salvaged artifacts of ancient ships. Stone anchors, amphorae shards, elephant tusks, hippopotamus teeth, ceramic pottery, a rare wood mast and lead ingots are examples which may survive submerged for centuries for archaeologists to discover, study, and place their salvaged findings into
2652-546: Is today a drainage course inside the city of Chennai. The total length of the river is about 65 kilometres (40 mi). The river flows to a length of 40 kilometres (25 mi) in the Chennai Metropolitan Area, of which 16 kilometres (10 mi) fall within the Chennai district limits. The total catchment area of the river is about 400 square kilometres (150 sq mi), and the bed width ranges from 40 to 120 metres (130 to 390 ft). The capacity of
2754-650: Is two million tons of fish from the Bay of Bengal alone. Approximately 31% of the world's coastal fishermen live and work on the bay. The Bay of Bengal is centrally located in South and Southeast Asia. It lies at the center of two huge economic blocks, the SAARC and ASEAN . It influences China's southern landlocked region in the north and major sea ports of Bangladesh and India. China, India, and Bangladesh have forged naval cooperation agreements with Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia to increase cooperation in checking terrorism in
2856-593: The Andaman Sea , sediment from the river is found in the eastern Bay of Bengal. Indian ports on the bay include Paradip Port , Kolkata Port , Haldia Port , Chennai Port , Visakhapatnam Port , Kakinada Port , Pondicherry Port , Dhamra Port , and Gopalpur-on-Sea . Bangladeshi ports on the Bay are Chittagong , Mongla , Payra Port . Sri Lankan ports include Jaffna , Kankesanthurai , Batticaloa , and Trincomalee . Myanmar's main sea port includes Akyab (Sittwe). In alphabetical order The lithosphere of
2958-1060: The Bengal tiger , are located along the bay. The Bay of Bengal occupies an area of 2,600,000 square kilometres (1,000,000 sq mi). A number of large rivers flow into the Bay of Bengal: the Ganges – Hooghly , the Padma , the Brahmaputra – Jamuna , the Barak – Surma – Meghna , the Irrawaddy , the Godavari , the Mahanadi , the Brahmani , the Baitarani , the Krishna , and the Kaveri . The International Hydrographic Organization defines
3060-741: The British East India Company . Gopalpur-on-Sea was one of their main trading centers. Other trading companies along the Bay of Bengal shorelines were the English East India Company and the French East India Company . BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) supports free trade internationally around the Bay of Bengal between Bangladesh, Bhutan , India, Myanmar, Nepal , Sri Lanka, and Thailand . The Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project
3162-490: The Chennai District at Arumbakkam after meandering for about 54 kilometres (34 mi). It then passes through some of the oldest residential areas for another 18 kilometres (11 mi) such as Choolaimedu , Chetpet , Egmore and Chintadripet , where the river channel is about 30 metres (98 ft) wide. Close to Egmore, the river forks into two—the northern and the southern arms—both of which join again near
Cooum River - Misplaced Pages Continue
3264-695: The Chennai Suburban Railway Network . Kadambathur is also connected with the city (Vadapalani) by MTC bus no. "538" and also connected to other neighbourhoods by moffusil buses. Private buses like Vasantha, Bharathi, Balaji, Sundaram, Srinivasa and Southeran transports operates from here to different locations like Tiruvallur, Kanchipuram, Uththukottai, Ponneri, Uthiramerur, Thiruvalangadu and Mappedu. Government bus routes 160, 160B, T2, 162, 538 and 519 operates from here to Kanchipuram, Tiruvallur, Sunguvarchatiram, ponnamallee and Vadapalani. The major mode of transportation of Kadambathur
3366-533: The Hoogly delta in West Bengal (India). Several other large rivers in Bangladesh and India provide smaller contributions. Turbidity currents have transported the sediment through a series of submarine canyons , some of which are more than 2,400 kilometres (1,500 mi) in length, to be deposited in the Bay of Bengal up to 30 degrees latitude from where it began. To date, the oldest sediments recovered from
3468-420: The Irrawaddy dolphins ( Orcaella brevirostris ) can be found. The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve provides sanctuary to many animals some of which include the saltwater crocodile ( Crocodylus porosus ) , giant leatherback sea turtle ( Dermochelys coriacea ) , and Malayan box turtle ( Cuora amboinensis kamaroma ) to name a few. Another endangered species royal Bengal tiger is supported by Sundarbans
3570-562: The Kesavaram village to Thandurai ( Pattabiram ), Avadi , Thiruverkadu Anaikat, the river remains unpolluted. Beyond this point, the river is highly polluted till its mouth on the Bay of Bengal. In Chennai district, the river flows through three corporation zones— Kilpauk , Nungambakkam and Triplicane —for a total length of 16 kilometres (10 mi). Owing to the intensive use of surface water upstream for agriculture, indiscriminate pumping of groundwater leading to reduced base flow in
3672-773: The Napier bridge , thus forming an island, known as the Island Grounds. The northern part of the Buckingham Canal joins the Cooum near the old Central Jail while the southern part of the same canal emerges from the river, just behind the University of Madras campus. The river finally joins the Bay of Bengal south of the Fort St George , just below the Napier Bridge. Once a fresh water source, it
3774-434: The gems of Sri Lanka . Garnet and other precious gems are also found in abundance in the Indian states of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh . A 2014 study found that as a result of ocean acidification, there was reduced shell thickness of marine animals and breaking strength compared to normal shells. The study also showed that the pH in Bay of Bengal fell to 7.75 compared in 1994 when it averaged 7.95. From January to October,
3876-637: The sacred sea . The daily practise includes prayer and fire offering to the sea at Swargadwar in Puri by disciples of the Govardhana matha of the Shankaracharya. On Paush Purnima of every year the Shankaracharya himself comes out to offer prayers to the sea. The islands in the bay are numerous, including the Andaman Islands and Nicobar Islands of India. The Cheduba group of islands, in
3978-642: The Bay of Bengal was also called the Chola Sea or Chola Lake. The Kakatiya dynasty reached the western coastline of the Bay of Bengal between the Godavari and the Krishna rivers. Kushanas about the middle of the 1st century AD invaded northern India perhaps extending as far as the Bay of Bengal. Chandragupta Maurya extended the Maurya Dynasty across northern India to the Bay of Bengal. Hajipur
4080-820: The Bay of Bengal. The Ganga is the northernmost of these rivers. Its main channel enters and flows through Bangladesh, where it is known as the Padma River , before joining the Meghna River . However, the Brahmaputra River flows from east to west in Assam before turning south and entering Bangladesh where it is called the Jamuna River . This joins the Padma where upon the Padma joins the Meghna River that finally drains into Bay of Bengal. The Sundarbans
4182-559: The Bengal Delta and the submarine fan , a vast structure that extends from Bengal to south of the Equator, is up to 16.5 kilometres (10.3 mi) thick, and contains at least 1,130 trillion tonnes of sediment, which has accumulated over the last 17 million years at an average rate of 665 million tons per annum. The fan has buried organic carbon at a rate of nearly 1.1 trillion mol/yr (13.2 million t/yr) since
Cooum River - Misplaced Pages Continue
4284-543: The Bengal fan are from Early Miocene age. Their mineralogical and geochemical characteristics allow to identify their Himalayan origin and demonstrate that the Himalaya was already a major mountain range 20 million years ago. The fan completely covers the floor of the Bay of Bengal. It is bordered to the west by the continental slope of eastern India, to the north by the continental slope of Bangladesh and to east by
4386-646: The Buckingham Canal and the Adyar. This resulted in the implementation of the ₹ 12,000-million Chennai City River Conservation Project (CCRCP) in January 2001, which was substantially supported by the Union Environment and Forests Ministry. This time, the new project aimed at arresting the sewage outfalls and strengthening the sewer network. However, this too did not yield the desired results since
4488-477: The Cooum has been that due to the sand bar, the river mouth near the Napier Bridge gets blocked for most of the time, preventing the river water from draining into the sea. This has, eventually, made the river, in its 18-km-long stretch in the central district, a stinking cesspool. Tests of water samples reveals almost zero dissolved oxygen and substantial presence of faecal coliform bacteria , besides heavy metals such as lead , zinc and cadmium . The study of
4590-585: The Cooum river eco-restoration plan includes 11 maintenance ways of 9.6 km, 22 walkways of 24 km, and 17 cycle tracks of 19 km, in addition to 24 parks and riverfront vegetation. The total budget for the eco-restoration is ₹ 19,340 million. As part of the eco-restoration, in July 2018, the corporation began work on the 1.5-km nature trail between the College Road bridge in Nungambakkam and
4692-485: The East Indian Winter Jet. September and December see very active weather, season varsha (or monsoon), in the Bay of Bengal producing severe cyclones which affect eastern India. Several efforts have been initiated to cope with storm surge . The Bay of Bengal is full of biological diversity, diverging amongst coral reefs , estuaries , fish spawning and nursery areas, and mangroves . The Bay of Bengal
4794-467: The Ganges", and old European maps continued to use this name. The other Sanskrit names for Bay of Bengal are Vaṅgopasāgara (Sanskrit: वङ्गोपसागर, lit. ' Bengal Sub-sea or Bengal Bay ' ), Vaṅgasāgara (Sanskrit: वङ्गसागर, lit. ' Bengal Sea ' ), Pūrvapayodhi (Sanskrit: पूर्वपयोधि, lit. ' Eastern Ocean ' ). In ancient Classical India , the Bay of Bengal
4896-545: The Marina. Oh viscid stream! Oh smelling flood. Oh green and beastly river! Bay of Bengal The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean . The world's largest bay , geographically it is positioned between the Indian subcontinent and the Indochinese peninsula , located below the Bengal region . Many South Asian and Southeast Asian countries are dependent on the Bay of Bengal . Geopolitically,
4998-759: The Munroe bridge in Chetput. Modelled on the San Antonio River Walk in the United States, the trail is being built in two phases at a cost of ₹ 98.2 million and includes a butterfly park in a 5000 square meter area. Given the raise in the maximum flood level in the past years being 70% to 5.94 meters, the boardwalk has been increased from 3.5 meters to more than 6 meters using corrosion-resistant steel. The boardwalk will measure 1.65 meters and will be covered with greenery, with
5100-430: The Tamil term coopam meaning 'well' or 'deep pit'. The word coovalan denotes a person who is well versed in the science of ground water, well water and stagnant water. Once this river was said to have its origin in Dharmapuri district , but now due to some earth table changes, it has shortened its course to Thiruvallur district . Ancient documents from the nearby temples states about one 'reaching salvation' on having
5202-442: The ancient port of Manarpha or Mylapore added to the river's strategic importance. Manarpha was frequented by Roman merchants who came here to buy Indian textiles, gemstones and spices. In return, India procured gold, silver, copper and high-quality wine from the Romans. Archaeologists have discovered ancient Roman wine jars, and Roman and Chinese coins, on the banks of the river. In the late eighteenth century, Pachaiyappa Mudaliar ,
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#17327917257365304-476: The banks of the river were responsible for the pollution. The water has almost no dissolved oxygen, and instead there are traces of heavy metals like copper, besides sewage and sludge. Due to its narrowness and about 3,500 illegal hutments along its banks, it has not been recently desilted , which has closed it to river traffic. Per 2003 enumeration, about 9,000 families live along the river, in addition to 450 shops and commercial buildings. There are 700-odd points in
5406-404: The bay is bounded on the west and northwest by India, on the north by Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Its southern limit is a line between Sangaman Kanda , Sri Lanka, and the northwesternmost point of Sumatra , Indonesia. Cox's Bazar , the longest sea beach in the world and Sundarbans , the largest mangrove forest and the natural habitat of
5508-410: The by-catch is a more important function—the breakwater will prevent silting and clogging of the river's mouth, allowing for structures such as a boat repair facility, a base for the Tamil Nadu Coastal Police, and sailing academy to be put up on the bank. By 2013, the estimate for the setting up of a sailing centre and marina to accommodate 24 yachts has increased to ₹ 450 million. A nature trail along
5610-425: The city of Chennai. Thereafter, the flow of water in the river is much reduced. Three ancient Shiva temples are located at the source of the river. The first is Tiruvirkolam , in Cooum village, and the other is at Ilambaiyankottur. The third is Thiruverkadu Shiva temple. Koyambedu temple is also in its banks. These temples have been featured in the Thevaram sung by the Saivite saint Thirugnana Sambandar . There
5712-447: The city's dream projects is to clean up this river on or before 2020. The initiative has been taken up by the Central and State governments to clean up the river and rediscover the pleasures of traditional boat racing. The Chennai Rivers Restoration Trust (CRRT) has asked the Chennai Corporation to chalk out an action plan to remove construction debris dumped on the banks of the river. The Water Resources Department (WRD) started flushing
5814-408: The current is northward flowing, and the clockwise circulation pattern is called the "East Indian Current". The Bay of Bengal monsoon moves in a northwest direction striking the Nicobar Islands, and the Andaman Islands first end of May, then coast of Mainland India by end of June. The remainder of the year, the counterclockwise current is southwestward flowing, and the circulation pattern is called
5916-426: The dispute between India and Bangladesh was also settled in which the UN tribunal awarded Bangladesh 19,467 km of the 25,602 km sea area of the Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal in the stretch of Swargadwar , the gateway to heaven in Sanskrit , in the Indian town of Puri is considered holy by Hindus . The Samudra arati is a daily tradition started by the present Shankaracharya of Puri 9 years ago to honour
6018-431: The early Miocene period. The three rivers currently contribute nearly 8% of the total organic carbon (TOC) deposited in the world's oceans. Due to high TOC accumulation in the deep sea bed of the Bay of Bengal, the area is rich in oil and natural gas and gas hydrate reserves. Bangladesh can reclaim land substantially and economically gain from the sea area by constructing sea dikes , bunds, causeways and by trapping
6120-412: The earth is broken up into what are called tectonic plates . Underneath the Bay of Bengal, which is part of the great Indo-Australian Plate and is slowly moving north east. This plate meets the Burma Microplate at the Sunda Trench . The Nicobar Islands and the Andaman Islands are part of the Burma Microplate. The India Plate subducts beneath the Burma Plate at the Sunda Trench or Java Trench. Here,
6222-437: The far past, this region was under a chain of regimes commencing from the Pallavas during the 7th century ending with the Nawab of Arcot during the early part of 19th century when it came under British rule. In 1687, the Golkonda rulers were defeated and the region came under the Mughal emperors of Delhi. The towns and villages of this region were the scene of Carnatic wars. Battles are said to have been fought in this region during
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#17327917257366324-489: The first time in the state, when M. Karunanidhi was PWD minister. The project comprised installation of a regulator and a sand pump at the river mouth, protecting the sides of the river with cement concrete slabs from the Chetput bridge to the Napier Bridge, provision of a walkway on either side of the river, removal of encroachments on the banks of the river and, more importantly, the diversion of sewage. In addition, seven boat jetties were built. In February 1973, when Karunanidhi
6426-474: The health of the Bay, that they can work on together. With the support of the Bay Of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project (BOBLME), the eight countries are now (2012) developing responses to these issues and their causes, for future implementation as the Strategic Action Programme. Fisheries production in the Bay of Bengal is six million tonnes per year, more than seven percent of the world's catch. The major transboundary issues relating to shared fisheries are:
6528-485: The high seas. The Bay of Bengal's connection of South Asia to East Asia has aided in Bangladesh's efficiency of distributing natural gas to the Asia Pacific. Its outlying islands (the Andaman and Nicobar Islands) and, most importantly, major ports such as Chittagong , Mongla , Payra , Paradip , Kolkata , Chennai , Visakhapatnam , and Tuticorin , along its coast with the Bay of Bengal added to its importance. China has recently made efforts to project influence into
6630-404: The implementation of various projects. In 2010, the Tamil Nadu government signed an MoU with Singapore Cooperation Enterprise (SEC), a Singapore agency for the restoration project. The agency prepared a preliminary report after discussions with various stake holders of the project including Chennai Corporation, municipal administrations, Metrowater, Pollution Control Board, Slum Clearance Board and
6732-399: The island of Sri Lanka and the Coromandel coast to the head of the bay, and thence southwards through a strip embracing the Andaman and Nicobar islands, is bounded by the 100 fathom line of sea bottom; some 50 m. beyond this lies the 500-fathom limit. Opposite the mouth of the Ganges, however, the intervals between these depths are very much extended by deltaic influence. Swatch of No Ground
6834-409: The late 1970s, this was reduced to 21 species. However, on date, there are no fish in the river, owing to highly toxic pollutants found in the river water. The river is narrow, placid, slow and meandering. The river is primarily fed by discharge from tank and water bodies and has seen a steady drop in freshwater over the years, a primary reason for its present-day condition. However, the core problem of
6936-647: The limits of the Bay of Bengal as follows: Note: Oedjong means " cape " in Dutch language on maps of the Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia). The bay gets its name from the historical Bengal region (modern-day Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal , Tripura and the Barak valley of Southern Assam ). In Ancient Indian scriptures , this water body may have been referred to as Mahodadhi ( Sanskrit : महोदधि, lit. ' Great water receptacle ' ). Ancient Romans called it Sinus Gangeticus or Gangeticus Sinus whilst Ancient Greeks called it in Ancient Greek : Κόλπος Γαγγητικός , meaning "Gulf of
7038-498: The nature trail which would play a role in erosion management. The nature trail would be based on an "elevated boardwalk" model with "uncompressed natural wood" and "fibre reinforced plastic". The entry and exit would be on College Road near the DPI complex. Apart from the parking facilities on the DPI premises, a stretch along the road between the entry point and the College Road Bridge would be demarcated for additional parking. Five points located at 200-metre (660 ft) intervals along
7140-406: The need for clean waterways. In 2011, the Tamil Nadu Sailing Association planned to build a marina at the mouth of the Cooum river along the southern bank, where yachts and pleasure boats could dock. The ₹ 300-million project involves first building a breakwater in the sea so that the waters at the marina are placid and the boats do not keep bobbing up and down with the incursion of waves. However,
7242-444: The north-east, off the Burmese coast, are remarkable for a chain of mud volcanoes, which are occasionally active. Great Andaman is the main archipelago or island group of the Andaman Islands, whereas Ritchie's Archipelago consists of smaller islands. Only 37, or 6.5%, of the 572 islands and islets of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are inhabited. Many major rivers of India and Bangladesh flow west to east before draining into
7344-669: The northern part of Sunda Trench off Myanmar and the Andaman Islands , the accretionary wedge associated with subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate beneath the Sunda Plate and continues along the west side of the Ninety East Ridge . The Nicobar Fan, another lobe of the fan, lies east of the Ninety East Ridge. The fan is now being explored as a possible source of fossil fuels for
7446-607: The northernmost boundary of the Marina Beach . The delta also marks the southern boundary of the Port of Chennai . The width of the river course varies all along from 35 to 150 metres (115 to 492 ft), which includes the area occupied by the slums. The major islet in the course of the river is the Island Grounds in Chennai less than a kilometre from the mouth. The river splits into two near Chinthadripet and encircles
7548-517: The pressure of the two plates on each other increase pressure and temperature resulting in the formation of volcanoes such as the volcanoes in Myanmar , and a volcanic arc called the Sunda Arc . The Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and Asian tsunami was a result of the pressure at this zone causing a submarine earthquake which then resulted in a destructive tsunami. A zone 50 m wide extending from
7650-696: The project did not cover Tiruvallur district, which accounts for 54 kilometres (34 mi) of the river stretch. After the DMK took charge again in May 2006, the eco-restoration of the Cooum again came to the fore. To facilitate the implementation of the project, the Chennai River Authority, headed by the Deputy Chief Minister, was formed in December 2009 to clean up the entire stretch of the river within 10 years. This aimed at coordinating
7752-532: The public works department. There is currently the World Bank–funded Irrigated Agriculture Modernisation and Water Bodies Restoration and Management Project to clean up the river, under which the upper reaches of the river are proposed to be covered. The World Bank has approved ₹ 224.1 million for the Cooum restoration project towards development of its irrigation potential. Improving the irrigation efficiency of Cooum upstream
7854-593: The records available with the state public department, efforts to restore the waterway first began back in 1872 under the British. The earliest recorded proposal was mooted in 1890. After Independence, the then chief minister C. N. Annadurai launched a Cooum Improvement Scheme at a cost of ₹ 19 million in September 1967, six months after the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party came to power for
7956-430: The region through tie-ups with Myanmar and Bangladesh. The United States has held major exercises with Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and recently India. The largest ever wargame in Bay of Bengal, known as Malabar 2007, was held in 2007 and naval warships from the United States, India, Singapore, Japan and Australia took part. Large deposits of natural gas in the areas within Bangladesh's sea zone incited
8058-543: The renowned philanthropist, bathed in this river before offering prayers at the Komaleeswarar Temple in Komaleeswaranpet. Cooum River and the nearby Elambore River (or North River), which flows into the Cooum at its mouth, were running very close to each other near the former Central Jail area opposite Chennai Central . During floods, both the watercourses inundated the whole area. In the 1700s,
8160-417: The river and passes underneath the neighbourhoods of Chintadripet to reach the underground station at the new secretariat on Anna Salai . The tunnels for the metro rail are to be made without cutting open the ground, with giant machines boring the tunnels as the river flows above. Custom-made tunnel boring machines costing ₹ 600 million each have been imported from Germany for the purpose. Key aspects of
8262-416: The river bank where sewage flows straight into the river. There are 127 identified sewage outfalls into the river, out of which 85 are in use. Nearly 30 per cent of the estimated 55 million litres (15,000,000 US gal) of untreated sewage being let into the waterways of Chennai daily, including by Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board, gets into the Cooum river. About 60 per cent of
8364-612: The river connecting Golden George Nagar in Mogappair with Nerkundram is being constructed by the state highways department at a cost of ₹ 113 million. Work started in August 2010 and is expected to be completed by March 2013. The bridge with 10 spans measures about 110 metres (360 ft) long and nearly 24 metres (79 ft) wide, accommodating six-lane traffic, with space provisions for bicycles and pedestrians. According to scientists, around 1950, Cooum had 49 species of fish, and by
8466-435: The river every day. Fortunately, there is another 42 km of this river which is still not polluted (as of the year 2015), which can be used to transport the water into Chennai and to store drinking water for Chennai's needs. There is a huge amount of sand deposits in the banks of the unpolluted part of the Cooum river that could rejuvenate the ground water level of numerous villages in the banks of this river. According to
8568-908: The river has been proposed for which a draft ecological plan has been prepared by the Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure and Financial Services Limited (TNUIFSL). The project is planned from College Road bridge to Chetpet bridge by the Chennai River Restoration Trust in view of the biological diversity of the area which was undisturbed for decades. According to the draft ecological plan, floral species such as Indian almond , black wattle , sacred fig , madras thorn , Indian mulberry , neem , banyan , magizham , Indian cork tree , punnai , sirukkambil , karumugai , shenbagam , bayur tree , kadamba , pavazha malli , vetiver grass, palmarosa , agave , lemon grass and subabul would be part of species along
8670-472: The river is 19,500 cubic metres per second (690,000 cu ft/s), and the anticipated flood discharge is around 22,000 cubic metres per second (780,000 cu ft/s). Once a fishing river, it has borne the brunt of the city's unplanned developmental explosion. The Kesavaram dam diverts the river into the Chembarambakkam Lake from which water is used for the supply of drinking water to
8772-451: The river was undertaken as part of a World Bank -funded project and shows that it is 80 per cent more polluted than treated sewer. Fish were able to survive in the water for only 3 to 5 hours even after samples were diluted. There are traces of heavy metals like copper and pesticides like endosulphan and lindane in it. Public Works Department sources said government agencies like Chennai Corporation and business units and retail outlets on
8874-499: The river, formation of a sand bar at the mouth of the river, discharge of untreated sewage and industrial effluents, and encroachment along the banks, the river, especially downstream, has been highly polluted. In 2018 alone, about 21,665 tonnes of waste were removed from the river. The Cooum was earlier known as the Triplicane river. The name of Cooum appears to be derived from Tamil literature. The name may have been derived from
8976-570: The sediment from its rivers. Further southwest of Bengal , the Mahanadi , Godavari , Krishna and Kaveri Rivers also flow from west to east across Deccan Plateau in Peninsular India and drain into the Bay of Bengal forming deltas . Many small rivers also drain directly into the Bay of Bengal forming estuaries ; the shortest of them is the Cooum River at 64 km (40 mi). While Myanmar's Irrawaddy River flows into
9078-579: The struggle for supremacy between the English and French. The town of Pulicat was the earliest Dutch possession in India founded in 1609 which was ceded to the British in 1825. With this, the region came under British rule which ended on 15 August 1947 with India becoming independent. The town is in between Tiruvallur and Arakkonam , and the neighbourhood is served by the Kadambattur railway station of
9180-537: The surrounding developing nations . The fan was first identified by bathymetric survey in the sixties by Bruce C. Heezen and Marie Tharp which identified the abyssal cone and canyon structures. It was delineated and named by Joseph Curray and David Moore following a geological and geophysical survey in 1968. Coastal regions bordering the Bay of Bengal are rich in minerals. Sri Lanka, Serendib , or Ratna – Dweepa which means Gem Island. Amethyst , beryl , ruby , sapphire , topaz , and garnet are just some of
9282-461: The timeline of history. Coral reefs, tsunamis, cyclones, mangrove swamps, battles, and a criss-cross of sea routes in a high trading area combined with piracy have all contributed to shipwrecks in the Bay of Bengal. In chronological order: One of the first trading ventures along the Bay of Bengal was The Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies, more commonly referred to as
9384-502: The trail have been selected for erecting break-out areas including one for a canopy walk. The facility has been planned without electrical fittings and has been designed as a "day trail". It is proposed that Chennai Metro rails are to be built about 30 metres (98 ft) under the bed of the river. The line that comes from the Madras High Court area reaches the metro's Central station in front of Ripon Building , crosses
9486-420: The two rivers were linked by a cut to equalise the floods in both the rivers and a bridge was constructed between these rivers in 1710 across the cut. Polluted part of the Cooum is presently spoiled by filth and pollution, and the water quality has considered to be highly toxic and completely non-potable. The 2004 tsunami cleaned the mouth of the river; however, the river returned to its usual polluted self within
9588-528: The untreated sewage gets into the Buckingham Canal and the Adyar River takes the rest. In 2010, about 340 sewage outfalls into the waterways were identified. Of them, more than 130 sewage outfalls were in the Cooum River and a majority of them were between Aminjikarai and Nungambakkam. In some of the spots in areas such as Maduravoyal , more than 7 tonnes of municipal solid waste is being dumped in
9690-609: The urban area (Chennai). Along with the Adyar River running parallel to the south and the Kosasthalaiyar River , the river trifurcates the city of Chennai and separates Northern Chennai from Central Chennai. It is also sometimes known as Thiruvallikenni river Its source is in a place by the Kesavaram Anaicut built across Kallar river in Vellore district adjoining Chennai district . From its origin in
9792-753: The urban part of the river. These are the Napier Bridge, the Wallajah Bridge, the Periamet Bridge, the Chintradripet Bridge or the St Andrew's Bridge, Harris Bridge, Commander-in-Chief Road Bridge, College Road Bridge, Spur Tank Bridge and the Aminjikarai Bridge. Apart from these there are several smaller bridges built across the river. The Corporation of Chennai maintains about 13 of these bridges. A new bridge across
9894-543: The waterways in the city, including 105 locations in the Cooum river. Others include 49 points in Adyar river and 183 locations in the Buckingham Canal. A visitor centre near the mouth of the river on the Marina Beach , similar to the Marina Barrage Visitor Centre in Singapore and San Antonio Visitor Center in the United States, has been planned as part of an initiative to create awareness of
9996-567: Was a stronghold for Portuguese Pirates. In the 16th century, the Portuguese built trading posts in the north of the Bay of Bengal at Chittagong (Porto Grande) and Satgaon (Porto Pequeno). The earliest sign of Muslims in the region came from the textile trade routes where one targeted the east Arabian Sea influencing migration of Arabs and Persians and another to the west causing Buddhist Bengalis to culturally mix with Islam. In alphabetical order: Maritime archaeology or marine archaeology
10098-449: Was chief minister, he launched a pleasure boat service at a cost of ₹ 22 million, and roving boats, powered boats and paddle boats were made available at a nominal charge. However, the efforts went futile when the sand pump developed snags. Incidentally, the jetties built for the purpose still dot the riverfront. In 1996, when the DMK returned to power, the government made another bid—this time covering all important watercourses, including
10200-493: Was most commonly known as Kalinga Sagar ( Kalinga Sea). Another name commonly used mainly in Tamil was Vanga Kadal. Northern Circars occupied the western coast of the Bay of Bengal and is now considered to be India's Odisha and Andhra Pradesh state. Chola dynasty (9th century to 12th century) when ruled by Rajaraja Chola I and Rajendra Chola I occupied and controlled the Bay of Bengal with Chola Navy circa AD 1014 ,
10302-730: Was originally known as Tiruevullur which specifies the sleeping position of the Holy Lord "Vishnu", in the Veeraragava temple of Tiruvallur. Later people began to refer to it by names such as Trivellore and Tiruvallur. Today Tiruvallur is well known, one of the reasons being the Veeraragava Temple. The new moon day is a very auspicious day for the Lord and so for the people of the town. The District of Tiruvallur has been carved out by bifurcating erstwhile Chengalpattu District (which
10404-585: Was renamed as Chengalpattu-MGR/Kancheepuram at the time of 1991 Census). According to the said bifurcation Tiruvallur revenue division which included Tiruvallur, Tiruttani taluks and Uthukottai and Pallipattu sub-taluks separated from Chengalpattu District along with Ponneri and Gummidipoondi taluks of Saidapet revenue division and formed this new District. At present this District comprises eight taluks, namely Gummidipoondi, Ponneri, Uthukkottai, Tiruvallur, Poonamallee, Tiruttani, Pallipattu and Avadi and three Revenue Divisions namely Ponneri, Tiruvallur and Tiruttani. In
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