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88-491: The Buckingham Canal is a 796 kilometres (494.6 mi)-long fresh water navigation canal , that parallels the Coromandel Coast of South India from Kakinada of Andhra Pradesh to Parangipettai near Chidambaram of Tamil Nadu . The canal connects most of the natural backwaters along the coast to Chennai (Madras) port. The canal was constructed during British rule , and was an important waterway during

176-456: A bejjam (hole) through the mountains and the place came to be known as Bejjamwada which later changed to Bezawada . Other names of Vijayawada were being Vijayavata, Beejapuram, Kanakaprabha, Kanakapuram, Kanakawada, Jayapuri, Vijayapuri, Phalguna Kshetram and Jananathpura in the twelfth century CE. Bezawada (as Vijayawada was known then) was founded around 626 A.D. by Paricchedi Kings. Vijayawada history reveals that Bezawada (Vijayawada)

264-521: A contribution of Rs. 115 lakhs by the Central Government. This work was considered necessary to conserve an existing asset serving as an inter-state waterway supplementing the railway capacity and providing a useful means of transport for large quantities of goods between the States of Andhra and Madras. The canal runs approximately 1 km (0.62 mi) back from the coastline. It joins up

352-488: A direct transit of Mud Pond by canoe , within a tract of private property surrounded by public land within the Adirondack Park . In New York State, waterways that are 'navigable-in-fact' are considered public highways , meaning that they are subject to an easement for public travel, even if they are on private land. Brown argued that because he recreationally 'navigated' the waterway through private property, it

440-434: A diversion channel from Buckingham canal near Okkiyum Maduvu to the sea (drain project under JNNURM scheme) could have saved south Chennai from flooding. But the government dropped the 100 crore JNNURM scheme, which if completed, would have drained flood water at 3,500 cubic feet per second from southern neighborhoods. The 2014 CAG report said defective planning of flood control projects caused delay and increased cost, defeating

528-448: A navigable water is called a waterway , and is preferably with few obstructions against direct traverse that need avoiding, such as rocks , reefs or trees . Bridges built over waterways must have sufficient clearance . High flow speed may make a channel unnavigable due to risk of ship collisions . Waters may be unnavigable because of ice , particularly in winter or high- latitude regions. Navigability also depends on context:

616-405: A ratio of 951 per 1000. The average literacy rate stood at 82.59% (male 86.25%; female 78.94%) with 789,038 literates, significantly higher than the national average of 73.00%. Languages of Vijayawada (2011) The predominant language spoken by the city residents is Telugu . In the 2011 census, the total number of language speakers in the city (including the outgrowths ) were 1,143,232. Telugu

704-723: A series of natural backwaters, and fed by tidal waters from the sea through rivers and creeks. The Cooum River connects the canal to the Bay of Bengal in the center of Chennai. The portion north of the Cooum is known as the North Buckingham Canal, and the portion south of the Cooum as the South Buckingham Canal. 257 km (160 mi) of the canal is in Andhra Pradesh, and 163 km (101 mi)

792-437: A small river may be navigable by smaller craft such as a motorboat or a kayak , but unnavigable by a larger freighter or cruise ship . Shallow rivers may be made navigable by the installation of locks that regulate flow and increase upstream water level , or by dredging that deepens parts of the stream bed . Inland Water Transport ( IWT ) Systems have been used for centuries in countries including India, China, Egypt,

880-557: A stretch of 13.5 kilometres (8.4 mi) About ₹ 1,447.91 crore (US$ 170 million) has been allocated under the JNNURM for integrated development of waterways and macro drainages like Buckingham canal, Otteri Nullah, Virugambakkam – Arumbakkam drain, Cooum and Adyar river. Despite the development, the central section of the canal running through the most congested areas of Chennai, a length of 7.1 kilometres (4.4 mi) will remain unnavigable due to severe encroachments and construction of

968-655: A total road length of 1,264.24 km (785.56 mi), used by 678,004 non-transport and 94,937 transport vehicles. The heavy vehicles like lorries are used for freight transport and hold a share of 18% in the country. Short distance commuting is served by 27,296 auto rickshaws plying the city roads every day, which include the women-driven 'She Autos' as well. The city has a total road length of 1,264.24 km (785.56 mi), covering 1,230.00 km (764.29 mi) of municipal roads, 22.74 km (14.13 mi) of R&B (Roads & Buildings) department roads, 11.50 km (7.15 mi) of National Highways. Benz Circle

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1056-551: A water-body is presumed non-navigable with the burden of proof on the party claiming it is navigable. The U.S. Forest Service considers a waterbody not navigable until is adjudicated otherwise. see Whitewater v. Tidwell 770 F. 3d 1108 (2014). Therefore, and public rights associated with navigability cannot be presumed to exist without a finding of navigability. 'Navigability' is a legal term of art , which can lead to considerable confusion. In 2009, journalist Phil Brown of Adirondack Explorer defied private property postings to make

1144-486: Is Bathini Sreenivasulu. As of 2020 GDP of Vijayawada city is $ 11.292 Billion . Vijayawada is one of the rapidly growing urban markets of the country. The sectors that contribute to the city economy are construction, education, entertainment, food processing, hospitality, registrations, transport, etc. Based on the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission , it is classified as one of

1232-546: Is a Muslim shrine housing the holy relic of the Prophet Mohammed . Gunadala Matha Shrine is an important shrine for Christians and illuminates during Christmas Eve and Gunadala Matha annual festival which takes place on 9, 10 and 11 February each year. The city corporation organises "Happy Sunday," an event organised on the first Sunday of every month at M.G. Road for promoting activities such as sports, games, cultural events, and yoga. The clothing of

1320-632: Is also attracting many international IT companies. HCL Technologies , Wipro , the Noida -based Indian multinational is constructing its Vijayawada campus in Kesarapalli village, near to Gannavaram. In the first phase, HCL will provide employment to 5,000 students. There are two major IT parks one at Gannavaram and other in Mangalagiri there are big companies like TechMahindra, HCL, PI Data Center, VSoft, Efftronics, KJ Systems, and EPSoft. The city

1408-565: Is also most preferred tier-two city destination for IT/ITES services. There is an APIIC Mega Food Park in Mallavalli near Gannavaram. The growing population and economy have resulted in rising real estate prices. There is also a cyber security office that is operating by Tech mahindra .And the Wonderla an amusement park is trying to invest around 250 crores rupees to expand its branch in between guntur and vijayawada in 50 acres. The city

1496-643: Is in Tamil Nadu. Approximately 31 km (19 mi) is within the city limits of Chennai. In Andhra Pradesh it joins the Cammamar Canal at the Krishna delta , just north of Pallipalem which in turn is connected with the canals of the Godavari delta. The complete inter-connected system presents a continuous 400 miles of navigable channel along the coast. The canal was used to convey goods up and down

1584-452: Is known in the state for its cultural history, whose residents are more often referred to as Vijayawadians . There are many religions, languages, traditions, and festivals. Durga Pooja and a special Theppotsavam in Krishna river are important events of the Hindu festival of Dussera in the city, mainly due to the existence of self-manifested Kanaka Durga Temple . Hazarat Bal Mosque

1672-465: Is moved by this mode of transport. Waterways provide enormous advantages as a mode of transport compared to land and air modes of transports. Vijayawada Vijayawada ( / ˈ v ɪ dʒ ə j ə ˈ w ɑː d ə / Vijay-uh-waw-duh ), also known by its colonial name Bezawada , is the second largest city and commercial hub in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . The city

1760-505: Is not sufficient to prove that a waterway is a public highway in New York State. The US Supreme Court had also found that use of modern water craft insufficient evidence to support a finding of navigability In India there are currently three National Waterways totaling a distance of 2921 km. They are: It is estimated that the total navigable length of inland waterways is 14500 km. A total of 16 million tonnes of freight

1848-653: Is one of the 15 cities in the country listed in Pilot Solar Cities. In 2007, the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) that operates the city's public transport system introduced less-polluting CNG fuelled public transport busses in a drive to reduce the operational cost and protect the environment. In 2019, with the cost of CNG and fleet maintenance on the rise, the APSRTC had begun replacing

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1936-621: Is one of the busiest road junctions in the city with an average of 57,000 vehicles crossing daily, The junction has the intersection of two national highways of NH 16 and NH 65. Golden Mile Project MG Road in Vijayawada is home to the Golden Mile Project, India’s first smart street initiative. Covering a 2.9 km stretch from the Police Control Room to Benz Circle, it was launched as a Proof of Concept for

2024-717: Is part of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region and is located on the banks of the Krishna River surrounded by the hills of the Eastern Ghats , known as the Indrakeeladri Hills. The city is home to the important Hindu shrine of Kanaka Durga Temple . It geographically lies on the center spot of Andhra Pradesh. The city has been described as the commercial , political , cultural and educational capital of Andhra Pradesh. It

2112-464: Is ranked as India's ninth most liveable city as per Ease of Living Index 2018, and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs and the second most liveable city in the state of Andhra Pradesh . The Vijayawada Junction railway station is one of the busiest in the country. It is the tenth busiest railway junction in the country. There are many legends behind the origin of the name Vijayawada. It

2200-461: Is said that Goddess Durga killed Mahishasura and relaxed at this place. As she was victorious, the place came to be known as Vijayawada ( vijaya translates to victory and wada as place, literally meaning The Place of Victory ). The hill was called as Indrekeeladri since it was frequently visited by Indra and his affiliates. The epic Mahabharata refers to the Indrakiladri hills as

2288-457: Is spoken by 1,022,376 speakers, followed by 90,876 Urdu . A small minority speak Hindi , Tamil , Odia , Gujarati , Marathi and Malayalam . In the same census, the total religious population in the city (including the outgrowths) was 1,143,232. It constituted 973,612 Hindus (85.16%), 104,206 Muslims (9.12%), 41,557 Christians (3.64%), 5,722 Jains (0.50%) and 18,135 (1.59%) did not state any religion. Vijayawada Municipal Corporation

2376-606: Is the administrative headquarters of NTR district . The Prakasam Barrage across the Krishna River connects the NTR and Guntur districts. It is one of the fastest growing urban areas in India and among the top 10 fastest growing cities in the world according to Oxford Economics report. Vijayawada is considered to be a sacred place due to it being home to one of the most visited and famous temples in Andhra Pradesh and India,

2464-400: Is the civic governing body of the city and was the first ISO 9001 certified urban local body in the country. It was constituted on 1 April 1888 and was upgraded to selection grade municipality in 1960, and, to the corporation in 1981. The jurisdictional area of the corporation is spread over an area of 230 km (89 sq mi) with 64 wards. The present Municipal Commissioner of

2552-847: Is used for city bus services. The city buses ply in major routes of Besant Road , Eluru Road , MG Road and to the city outskirts of Ibrahimpatnam , Kondapalli , Mangalagiri , Kankipadu , Uyyuru , Gannavaram , Nidamanuru and Nunna . In 2016, APSRTS has discontinued city services on the BRTS corridor due to poor response from the commuters. It was built at a reported cost of ₹ 150 crore (US$ 18 million), exclusively to be used by city buses has been. The two major National Highways , NH-16 (Kolkata–Bhubaneshwar-Visakhapatnam-Vijayawada-Guntur-Nellore-Chennai) and NH-65 (Pune-Hyderabad-Suryapet-Vijayawada-Machilipatnam) , provides road connectivity with other states and major cities. National Highway 30 from Jagdalpur of Chhattisgarh terminates near

2640-793: The Chennai Mass Rapid Transport System . On 22 January 2010, Government of Tamil Nadu has reconstituted the Adayar Poonga Trust as Chennai River Restoration Trust for restoration of Chennai rivers ( Adayar river , Cooum river ) including the Buckingham Canal. In 2011 improvements were being undertaken on the 13 km (8.1 mi) stretch between Okkiyam Madu and Muttukadu under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission. The canal

2728-850: The Kanaka Durga Temple of the Hindu Goddess Durga residing on the Indrakeeladri hill. It also serves as the ritual host of Pushkaram (a river worshipping ritual in India) of the River Krishna . There is a legend which says that Arjuna , one of the heroes of the Indian epic Mahabharata , prayed on top of the Indrakeeladri Hill in the city and won the blessings of the Lord Shiva to get

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2816-572: The Krishna river ; Krishnaveni Mandapam (River Museum) depicting the history of Krishna river and a nearby idol of the river known as, Krishnaveni statue; Gandhi Hill , the first Gandhi Memorial in the country, located at an elevation of 500 feet (150 m) on a hill; Bhavani Island , one of the largest river island amidst Krishna river. The primary modes of intra-city public transport are city buses and auto rickshaws . Apart from these, other means of transport are motorcycles , cycle rickshaws , and bicycles . The Pandit Nehru Bus Station and

2904-693: The Pashupatastra to win the Kurukshetra War . It was called Vijayavatika (meaning Land of Victory in Telugu ) when Goddess Durga killed the demon Mahishasura and rested on the Indrakeeladri Hill by the River Krishna establishing the victory over evil hence the place got its name Vijayavatika, "Vijaya" meaning victory, and "Vatika" meaning place or land in Telugu . The city is the third most densely populated urban built-up area in

2992-491: The Vijayawada Junction railway station are the major transport infrastructure for road and rail transport. The Pandit Nehru bus station is the administrative headquarters of APSRTC , which is ranked as the fourth largest and busiest bus terminals in the country. The City Division of APSRTC operates close to 450 buses for an average of 300,000 daily commuting passengers. Autonagar bus terminus and city bus port

3080-456: The "Global Cities Registry". Due to the presence of several well-known educational institutions, the city has emerged as a major educational hub in recent times, with many of the nation's students studying in the city. It is predicted to be the world's, and India's, tenth fastest growing city economy through 2035 by an Oxford Economics report. Due to its high ratings in entertainment, construction, food, education, health care, and transport, it

3168-412: The 16th century, Kondapalli artisans are considered 'Aryakhastriyas'. Victoria Jubilee Museum is an archaeological museum in the city, which houses sculptures, paintings, and artefacts of Buddhist and Hindu relics , dating back to the second and third centuries. Vijayawada was paired as a sister city of Modesto, California in 1993. The city has old and new town areas. The One Town area of

3256-478: The 19th century. During 1877 and 1878, the people of Chennai suffered from the terrible Great Famine and more than six million people perished. The 8 km (5 mi) stretch, linking the Adyar and Cooum rivers , was built in 1877–78 at a cost of ₹ 3 million (equivalent to ₹ 1.0 billion or £11 million in 2023) as a famine relief work . The canal was named the Buckingham Canal in 1878 because

3344-836: The 59 water reservoirs, maintenance of roads, sewerage, underground drainage, environment protection programs, recycling of solid waste and producing power are the services provided by the Vijayawada Municipal Corporation . There has been an underground drainage system in the city since 1967–68. Many green parks are maintained by the corporation to protect the environment such as Raghavaiah park, Rajiv Gandhi Park, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Park, Mahatma Gandhi Park etc. The corporation won many awards and achievements such as National Urban Water Award (2009), Siti e-Governance Project, ISO 9001 certification for Quality Management System . The Andhra Pradesh State Disaster Response and Fire Services Department with its headquarters in

3432-567: The CNG run busses with BS4 and BS6 standard diesel-fuelled buses. However, APSRTC continues to be committed to alternative fuels for its fleet. It has since added more electric , and biodiesel fuelled busses. Likewise, the city has a large number of CNG fuelled auto-rickshaws that support public transportation needs. However, auto-rickshaw operators have frequently suffered disruption in CNG supply and usually endure long queues to refuel. In February 2020, Piaggio Vehicles Private Limited launched

3520-607: The City Digital Platform at the municipal office. It includes 101 surveillance cameras, with some capable of calculating traffic density and providing live reports. Additionally, 35 Wi-Fi access points and 240 smart solar-powered lights were installed for public use. Parking sensors help reduce congestion, and motion sensors manage traffic and detect violations. The project also introduced Remote Expert Government Services, allowing citizens to communicate with officials via video calls. Vijayawada Junction railway station

3608-523: The Clean Water Act. Therefore, the Clean Water Act establishes Federal jurisdiction beyond "navigable waters" extending a more limited federal jurisdiction under the Act over private property which may at times be submerged by waters. Because jurisdiction under the Clean Water Act extends beyond public property, the broader definitions of "traditional navigable" and "significant nexus" used to establish

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3696-715: The Mud Pond rapids." However, New York's highest court, the New York Court of Appeals overturned the lower court decisions, and sent the case back to the trial court for consideration of "the Waterway's historical and prospective commercial utility, the Waterway's historical accessibility to the public, the relative ease of passage by canoe, the volume of historical travel, and the volume of prospective commercial and recreational use." The decision by New York's highest court established that recreational 'navigability' alone

3784-663: The Netherlands, the United States, Germany, and Bangladesh. In the Netherlands, IWT handles 46% of the nation's inland freight ; 32% in Bangladesh, 14% in the United States, and 9% in China. What constitutes "navigable" waters can not be separated from the context in which the question is asked. Numerous federal agencies define jurisdiction based on navigable waters, including admiralty jurisdiction, pollution control, to

3872-638: The Smart City initiative by the Government of Andhra Pradesh. Supported by Cisco Systems , the project provides facilities such as free Wi-Fi, intelligent street lighting, smart parking, and digital kiosks. The total cost of ₹7.83 crore was shared between Cisco, the Andhra Pradesh Urban Finance & Infrastructure Development Corporation, and the Vijayawada Municipal Corporation . The project enables real-time monitoring through

3960-528: The Telugu language. Of them, the inscriptions issued by Yudhamalla I and II of Eastern Chalukyas are important. In the early 16th century, during the reign of Qutb Shahi dynasty (also known as Golconda Sultanate), diamond mines were found near Vijayawada on the banks of Krishna River . Vijayawada lies on the banks of Krishna river , covered by hills and canals. and at an altitude of 11 m (36 ft) above sea level. Three canals originating from

4048-493: The U.S. This statute also requires a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for any construction in or over any navigable water, or the excavation or discharge of material into such water, or the accomplishment of any other work affecting the course, location, condition, or capacity of such waters. However, the ACOE recognizes that only the judiciary can make a definitive ruling as to which are navigable waters.33 CFR 329 For

4136-516: The Y-grade cities of India. According to one study, the GDP of the city in 2010 was $ 3 billion (Rs. 18,000 crore) and is expected to grow up to $ 17 billion (Rs. 1,02,000 crore) by 2025. According to another by Oxford the GDP of the city in 2018 was $ 5.8 billion and is expected to grow up to $ 21 billion by 2035. Andhra Cements (1937) was the first cement factory in Andhra Pradesh. Siris Pharmaceuticals

4224-526: The artisans of Kondapalli , a suburb of Vijayawada. Kondapalli toys, also known as Kondapalli Bommalu, are traditional wooden toys crafted by skilled artisans in Kondapalli, Andhra Pradesh, India. These toys are known for their intricate designs and vibrant colours, made from soft Tella Poniki wood and painted with natural dyes. They are safe for children to play with due to their non-toxic materials and lack of harmful chemicals. Originating from Rajasthan in

4312-401: The buffer zone action of the Buckingham Canal when he visited the coastal areas of 300 kilometres (186.4 mi). He recommended to the Government to renovate it to mitigate tsunami hazards in the future. Further, he reported in 2005, during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami or also known as the 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami , the Buckingham Canal acted as a buffer zone and regulated the tsunami waves on

4400-571: The canal has been used as the route of the elevated Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS). MRTS stations such as Kotturpuram , Kasturba Nagar and Indira Nagar have encroached on the canal and narrowed the width of the canal to less than 50 meters in a few places. Buckingham Canal is the most polluted of the three major waterways in the city with nearly 60 per cent of the estimated 55 million litres of untreated sewage being let into it daily, including by Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board. Dr. B. Ramalingeswara Rao first identified

4488-650: The canal, has had an effect in tsunami mitigation; for example in Vakadu Mandal at villages like Pudikappam, Srinivasapuram and Tudipalem, the damage was minimal. Dr. B. R. Rao further stressed on the extension of the Buckingham Canal up to Vedaranyam in order to protect the Tamil Nadu coast from the fury of tsunamis in future. The maximum magnitude M W 8.5 may occur in future in Sumatra because of its continuous subduction activity. Buckingham canal drains water from south Chennai. A 2014 CAG report revealed that

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4576-566: The canal. In the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party's 2021 election manifesto, the party promised that the canal will be rehabilitated. The first segment of the canal was a saltwater navigation canal, constructed in 1806 from Madras to Ennore for a distance of 18 km (11 mi). It was initially called Cochrane's Canal, after its principal financier Basil Cochrane . Subsequently, it was extended north to Pulicat Lake , 40 km (25 mi) north of Chennai. The canal

4664-401: The canal. In agricultural areas south of Chennai, the former tow path along the scenic areas is used for light motorcycle and bicycle traffic. On 1 January 2001 the Government of India launched a project to prevent sewage discharge into the canal and Chennai's other waterways, and to dredge the canal to remove accumulated sediment and improve water flow. Within the city limits of Chennai much of

4752-462: The canal. They include Venkatesapuram–Elango Nagar (costing ₹ 46.3 million), Venkatesapuram–Gandhi Road (costing ₹ 46.2 million), Kamarajar Salai–Veeramani Salai (costing ₹ 60 million), Maniammai Street–Dr. Ambedkar Salai (costing ₹ 96.6 million), Pandian Street–Anna Nagar (costing ₹ 62.1 million), and Gandhi Nagar–Pandian Nagar (costing ₹ 52.9 million). B. Ramalingeswara Rao (2005). buckingham Canal saved people in Andhra Pradesh (India) from

4840-476: The city is responsible for protecting from fire accidents that occur during summers on the hill slope areas of the city. The report on solid waste generation in 46 metro cities for the year 2015–16 shows Vijayawada produces 550 tonnes of solid waste per day. Vijayawada is one of the cities to be covered under the Solar/Green Cities scheme launched by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and

4928-1183: The city is Sri Swapnil Dinkar Pundkar, IAS and the present Mayor is Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi. Vijayawada is the headquarters of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority . As per the G.O. 104 (dated:23-03-2017), the state government had declared Vijayawada Municipal Corporation and its contiguous areas as a metropolitan area of Vijayawada. Its jurisdiction is spread over an area of 230 km (89 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 18 lakhs . The metropolitan area covers Vijayawada municipal corporation and merged villages of Ambapuram, Buddavaram, Done Atkuru, Enikepadu , Ganguru , Gannavaram , Gollapudi , Gudavalli, Jakkampudi, Kanuru , Kesarapalle , Nidamanuru , Nunna , Pathapadu, Penamaluru , Phiryadi Nainavaram, Poranki , Prasadampadu , Ramavarappadu , Tadigadapa , Kankipadu , Vuyyuru , Katuru , Bollapadu , Mudunuru and Yanamalakuduru . The urban agglomeration spread in Guntur district covers Tadepalle Municipality and its outgrowth of Undavalli ; Mangalagiri Municipality and its outgrowths of Navuluru and Atmakur. Water supply from

5016-462: The city is known as old city area, comprising areas such as Islampet, Jendachettu Centre, Kamsalipet, Rajarajeswaripet, Kothapet, Ajith Singh Nagar , and Winchipet. The new city areas include areas such as Autonagar, Benz circle, Chuttugunta, Labbipet, Machavaram Down, Mogalrajapuram , NTR circle, Tikkle Road, Governorpeta, Pinnamaneni Polyclinic Road and Suryaraopet. Brindavan Colony, Commercial Taxes Colony, Gunadala, Veterinary Colony are some of

5104-435: The city suburb of Ibrahimpatnam . The Inner Ring Road connects NH-16 and NH-65 to serve the main purpose of easing traffic congestion. The seamless commuting in the city is supported by the presence of 16 bridges across the three canals of Bandar, Eluru, and Ryves . M. G. Road (Bandar Road) and Eluru Road are the major arterial roads of the city, with as many as 90,000 vehicles plying M. G. Road itself. The city has

5192-469: The coast from Vijayawada to Madras (now Chennai ). The cyclones of 1965/1966 and 1976 damaged the canal, and it is little used and no longer well maintained. Within the city of Chennai the canal is badly polluted from sewage and industrial effluents, and the silting up of the canal has left the water stagnant, creating an attractive habitat for malaria-spreading mosquitoes. The North Chennai Thermal Power Station (NCTP) discharges hot water and fly ash into

5280-445: The coastal region over nearly 310 kilometres (192.6 mi) from Pedda Ganjam to Chennai. The canal all along the coast was filled with tsunami water, which overflowed at a few places and receded back to sea within 10-15 min. This helped save the lives of several fishermen, especially in coastal Andhra Pradesh and parts of Chennai city and also helped in clearing of the aquaculture debris. The natural growth of vegetation on either side of

5368-467: The ebb and flow of the tide, and those inland waters that are presently used, or have been used in the past, or may be susceptible for use to transport interstate or foreign commerce while the waterway is in its ordinary condition at the time of statehood. Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 403), approved 3 March 1899, prohibits the unauthorized obstruction of a navigable water of

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5456-644: The flow from non-navigable tributaries in order to protect commerce downstream, [ US v. Rio Grande Irrigation , 174 U.S. 690, 708 (1899)], [ Oklahoma v. Atkinson , 313 US 508, 525]. Also, the Clean Water Act has introduced the terms "traditional navigable waters," and "waters of the United States" to define the scope of Federal jurisdiction under the Clean Water Act. Here, "Waters of the United States" include not only navigable waters, but also tributaries of navigable waters and nearby wetlands with "a significant nexus to navigable waters"; both are covered under

5544-478: The fourth–ninth centuries. Some of the caves can be attributed to Vishnukundina dynasty . Akkana Madanna Caves , at the foot of Indrakeeladri Hill, is a monument of national importance. At the foot of Indrakeeladri hills is the temple of Malleswara. The temple has inscriptions dating back to ninth century AD to 16th century AD by various kings. There are ten pillars and a mutilated slab (recognised as monuments by Archaeological Survey of India ) with inscriptions in

5632-432: The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Competition from rail and later road transport diminished its importance, and during the 20th century portions became unusable and badly polluted. More recently there is increased interest in the canal's potential to protect coastal communities from flooding by tsunamis and cyclones as well as provide a navigable waterway, and projects have been undertaken to restore and improve

5720-465: The licensing of dams, and even property boundaries. The numerous definitions and jurisdictional statutes have created an array of case law specific to which context the question of navigability arises. Some of the most commonly discussed definitions are listed here. Navigable waters, as defined by the US Army Corps of Engineers as codified under 33 CFR 329 , are those waters that are subject to

5808-591: The link, was built on the orders of the then Governor, the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos . The canal lost its importance for many years as a result of the competition of the railways, and regained its importance after the Second World War. One of the works undertaken in the Second Five Year Plan was the development of the Buckingham Canal, including linking the canal with Madras harbour, with

5896-528: The locals includes traditional men wearing dhoti and women wearing saree and salwar kameez . western clothing is also predominant. The Vijayawada Art Society promotes Telugu arts. The city hosted Poetic Prism 2015, a multilingual poet's meet on 19 September 2015. All these activities are organised in collaboration with the Cultural Centre of Vijayawada . Kondapalli Toys — which were granted geographical indication in 2007 — are handmade by

5984-426: The navigable water was conveyed to the state as part of the transportation network in order to facilitate commerce. Most states retained title to these navigable rivers in trust for the public. Some states divested themselves of title to the land below navigable rivers, but a federal navigable servitude remains if the river is a navigable waterway. Title to the lands submerged by smaller streams are considered part of

6072-545: The north side of the Prakasam Barrage reservoir — Eluru, Bandar, and Ryves — flow through the city. Vijayawada has a tropical wet and dry climate ( Köppen Aw ). The annual mean temperatures range between 23.4–34 °C (74–93 °F); with maximum temperatures often crossing 40 °C (104 °F) in the month of May and the minimum in December and January. The highest maximum temperature ever recorded

6160-517: The objective of the scheme. "The fact is that alleviation of inundation of flood water in Chennai city remains largely un-achieved," it said. Revival of Buckingham Canal took shape by government's National Waterway 4 (NW-4) declaration in November 2008. Both North Buckingham ( Peddaganjam , Ongole -Chennai) and south Buckingham ( basin bridge , Chennai - Marakkanam ) canal will be developed under

6248-489: The place where Arjuna secured Pashupatastra from Lord Shiva . One of the names of Arjuna is "Vijaya" (invincible). Thus city thereafter came to be known as Vijayavatika ('Vatika' translates to place in Telugu) and later as Vijayawada. A tale behind its acquiring the name Bezawada is that Goddess Krishnaveni ( River Krishna ) requested Arjuna to make a passage for her to merge into the Bay of Bengal . Hence, Arjuna made

6336-657: The property through which the water flows and there is no 'public right' to enter upon private property based on the mere presence of water. The scope of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) authority was granted under the Federal Power Act, 1941 (16 U.S.C 791). Such authority is based on congressional authority to regulate commerce; it is not based exclusively on title to the riverbed [16 U.S.C. 796(8)] or even navigability. Therefore, FERC's permitting authority extends to

6424-423: The proposed National Waterway 4 by Inland Waterways Authority of India . Periodically, government of Tamil Nadu also takes up dredging and widening of the canal through Water Resources Department, Public Works Department (PWD) . With the provisions of State-Center shared Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) , PWD has started widening the South Buckingham Canal from Okkiyam Madu to Muttukadu for

6512-406: The purposes of transferring property title into public property, the definition of a Navigable waterways closely follows 33 CFR 329. For the purpose of establishing which river is public and therefore state-owned, what is navigable is a constitutional question defined by Federal case law. (See PPL Montana v Montana (2012).) If a river was considered navigable at the time of statehood, the land below

6600-538: The residential areas. Bank Colony, Bharati Nagar, Gayatri Nagar, Currency Nagar, Satyanarayana Puram, Gurunanak Colony, APIIC Colony, LIC Colony, Patamata and MG Road are the upscale residential areas. The major commercial areas include the stretch of MG Road and from Benz Circle to Ramavarappadu Ring. Other commercial centers are Besant Road, Rajagopalachari street, One Town market area covering Kaleswara Rao Market (KR Market), and Vastralatha. The city has many landmarks which include, Prakasam Barrage across

6688-450: The sale of electric auto-rickshaws in the city. The Vijayawada City Police has its own Police Commissionerate, which is responsible for an area of 1,211.16 km (467.63 sq mi), is headed by a Police Commissioner , who is an IPS officer of Additional Director General of Police rank along with one joint commissioner of police and four Deputy Commissioners of Police who are also IPS officers. The present Police commissioner

6776-479: The scope of authority under the Act are still ambiguously defined and therefore open to judicial interpretation as indicated in two U.S. Supreme Court decisions: Carabell v. United States and Rapanos v. United States . However, because authority under the Act is limited to protecting only navigable waters, jurisdiction over these smaller creeks is not absolute and may require just compensation to property owners when invoked to protect downstream waters. Finally,

6864-451: The state and the third most densely populated urban built-up areas in the world, with approximately 31,200 people per square km. As of 2011 Census of India , it had a population of 1,021,806, of which males are 524,918 and females are 523,322 — for a sex ratio of 997 females per 1000 males — higher than the national average of 940 per 1000. 92,848 children were in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 47,582 were boys and 45,266 were girls:

6952-416: The tsunami of 26 December 2004. current Science vol. 89, 12–13. Navigability#Inland water transport systems A body of water , such as a river , canal or lake , is navigable if it is deep, wide and calm enough for a water vessel (e.g. boats) to pass safely. Navigability is also referred to in the broader context of a body of water having sufficient under keel clearance for a vessel. Such

7040-477: The world. and is classified as a Y-grade city by the Sixth Central Pay Commission . The city is the second most populous in the state with a population of more than one million. It was recognised as a "Global City of the Future" by McKinsey Quarterly , which expected an increase to GDP of $ 17 billion by 2025. In October 2018, it was awarded with ISO 37120 platinum level certification and has been added to

7128-526: Was 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) in May 2002. May is the hottest and January is the coldest month of the year. It receives rainfall from the South-west and North-east monsoons and the average annual rainfall recorded is 977.9 mm (38.50 in). Vijayawada has been ranked 6th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India. The city is the second most populous in

7216-496: Was being widened to 100 m (330 ft) and a U.S.A.-built dredge was being used to deepen the canal to 2.4 m (8 ft). Also under this project, six small causeways across the canal would be reconstructed into single-lane bridges In 2018, the Chennai Corporation proposed to construct six bridges across the canal, linking East Coast Road and Old Mahabalipuram Road, along a length of 4.5 kilometers of

7304-534: Was established in the year 1888. It is one of the busiest stations of Indian Railways , the busiest railway station in South India , and is classified as a Non-Suburban Grade-2 (NSG-2) station in Vijayawada railway division . The station is a junction station for the trains from Hyderabad , Chennai Central , Machilipatnam and Visakhapatnam Junction . A train route connecting Vijayawada and Hyderabad

7392-710: Was laid in 1889. Suburban rail services are operated from the railway station to the nearby cities of Guntur and Tenali . The city houses the headquarters of Vijayawada railway division, one of the three railway divisions of South Coast Railway zone . The station has also a diesel and electric loco sheds which have a capacity of holding 220 locos by both the sheds. The city of Vijayawada has several satellite stations such as Gannavaram , Gunadala , Krishna Canal , Ramavarappadu , Kondapalli , Rayanapadu , Madhura Nagar , and Nidamanuru . A proposed circular train connectivity would connect Vijayawada with neighbouring cities of Eluru , Guntur , Tenali , Mangalagiri and

7480-584: Was ruled by King Madhava Varma (one of the kings of Vishnukundina dynasty ). Chinese Buddhist scholar Xuanzang stayed a few years in Bezawada (Vijayawada) in around 640 A.D. to copy and study the Abhidhamma Pitaka , the last of the three pitakas (Pali for baskets) constituting the Pali canon, the scriptures of Theravada Buddhism . Mogalrajapuram hills have five rock-cut temples, built during

7568-487: Was taken over by the government of Madras Presidency in 1837 and further extended, ultimately reaching 315 km (196 mi) north of Chennai to Gudivada Kalava on the banks of the Krishna River in Andhra Pradesh , and 103 km (64 mi) south of Chennai to Marakkanam in Tamil Nadu. It was briefly renamed Lord Clive's Canal. However, the section in Chennai was known as Cochrane's Canal for much of

7656-475: Was the first pharma company in Andhra Pradesh and was established in 1950. The city has trading and exporting markets for agriculture and industrial goods. The Nunna Mango Market is one of the largest mango markets in Asia, exporting to major cities in the country. It is also a hub for storage, bottling, and transportation of petroleum products of all major companies like BPCL , HPCL , and IOCL . The city

7744-497: Was therefore a public highway. He prevailed in the trial court when sued for trespassing by the owners of the property, a decision upheld by the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division , Third Department. The land was found "subject to a public right of navigation, including the right to portage on plaintiff's land where absolutely necessary for the limited purpose of avoiding obstacles to navigation such as

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