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67-540: There is no formal evidence of the town's establishment, but according to some locals, it was established in May 20, 1911, same day with the feast of San Bernardino de Siena (town's patron saint) and church establishment in honor of Him. Churches in Cabusao San Bernardino de Siena Parish (est.1911) San Pascual Baylón Parish (est.1935) History Fishing still remains as the major industry in

134-468: A principalía of Tabaco , Albay ; and Julián Bermejo, an Augustinian friar who commanded ten balangay and established an alarm system using a line of small relay forts in southern Cebu . They were responsible for several major naval victories against Moro raiders from the late 18th to the early 19th centuries. The most significant was the Battle of Tabogon Bay (modern Tabgon, Caramoan ) in 1818, where

201-481: A resettlement policy called reductions , smaller, scattered barangays were consolidated (and thus "reduced") to form compact towns. Each barangay was headed by the cabeza de barangay (barangay chief), who formed part of the principalía , the elite ruling class of the municipalities of the Spanish Philippines. This position was inherited from the first datus and came to be known as such during

268-665: A balangay boat, with the help of Sama-Bajau (Sama Dilaya) and other tribal members who retained the lashed-lug boat-building techniques which were mostly lost in other islands. The balangay's voyage traced the routes of Filipino Ancestors during the waves of Austronesian settlement through Maritime Southeast Asia and the Pacific. The special wood for construction came from the established traditional source in southern Philippines, specifically Tawi-Tawi . The team have pinpointed Sama-Bajau master boat builders, whose predecessors actually built such boats, and used traditional tools during

335-475: A certain type of traditional boat in many languages in the Philippines. Early Spanish dictionaries of Philippine languages make it clear that balangay was pronounced "ba-la-ngay", while today the modern barangay is pronounced "ba-rang-gay". The term referred to the people serving under a particular chief rather than to the modern meaning of an area of land, for which other words were used. While barangay

402-409: A cluster of houses for organizational purposes, and sitios , which are territorial enclaves —usually rural —far from the barangay center. As of July 2024 , there are 42,004 barangays throughout the country. When the first Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in the 16th century, they found well-organized, independent villages called barangays . The name barangay originated from balangay ,

469-534: A moonlit night in accordance with local folk beliefs. A single tree usually produces two lengths of curving planks. Traditionally, the planks and other ship parts were shaped with straight ( dalag ) or curved ( bintong ) adzes hammered with a mallet called a pakang . The master shipwright is called a pandáy (similar to other craftsmen in Philippine cultures). The balangay's keel is built first. Like most Austronesian ships (and in contrast to western ships),

536-528: A side, provided there are enough people to fill them. And these banks are placed in counterweights ( outriggers ), which are made of a very large bamboo plant found on all the Philippine Islands of the West. These counterweights are placed on the outer sides of the vessel, where the oarsmen are seated comfortably. These vessels travel very safely with these counterweights because they cannot capsize, and

603-553: A term sometimes extended to the crew. Large vessels were called biray or biwong . In the Visayas and Mindanao , there are multiple names for balangay-type boats, including baloto (not to be confused with the balutu ), baroto , biray , lapid , tilimbao (or tinimbao ). Cargo-carrying versions of balangay with high sides and no outriggers (which necessitated the use of long oars instead of paddles) were also known as bidok , birok , or biroko (also spelled biroco ) in

670-579: A type of boat used by a group of Austronesian peoples when they migrated to the Philippines. All municipalities and cities in the Philippines are politically subdivided into barangays, with the exception of the municipalities of Adams in Ilocos Norte and Kalayaan in Palawan , each containing a single barangay. Barangays are sometimes informally subdivided into smaller areas called purok (English: " zone " ), or barangay zones consisting of

737-534: Is a Tagalog word, it spread throughout the Philippines as Spanish rule concentrated power in Manila. All citations regarding pre-colonial barangays lead to a single source, Juan de Plascencia's 1589 report Las costumbres de los indios Tagalos de Filipinas . However, historian Damon Woods challenges the concept of a barangay as an indigenous political organization primarily due to a lack of linguistic evidence. Based on indigenous language documents, Tagalogs did not use

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804-517: Is a separation of church and state, as stated in the country's constitution, the Catholic Church as an institution occupies a very high position in the society. The present pastoral program is geared toward organizing and strengthening the SKK (saradit na kristiyanong komunidad) which means BEC, basic ecclesial community. Rev. Fr. Apolinar "Yonyon" Rull Napoles Jr.organized the housing projects for

871-541: Is a type of lashed-lug boat built by joining planks edge-to-edge using pins, dowels, and fiber lashings. They are found throughout the Philippines and were used largely as trading ships up until the colonial era. The oldest known balangay are the eleven Butuan boats , which have been carbon-dated individually from 689 to 988 CE and were recovered from several sites in Butuan , Agusan del Norte . The Butuan boats are

938-793: Is because most of the people were relying on fishing for their supply of protein and their livelihood. They also traveled mostly by water, up and down rivers and along the coasts. Trails always followed river systems, which were also a major source of water for bathing, washing, and drinking. The coastal barangays were more accessible to trade with foreigners. These were ideal places for economic activity to develop. Business with traders from other countries also meant contact with other cultures and civilizations, such as those of Japan , Han Chinese , Indians , and Arabs . These coastal communities acquired more cosmopolitan cultures with developed social structures (sovereign principalities), ruled by established royalties and nobilities. During Spanish rule , through

1005-551: Is composed of two Catholic parishes, the San Bernardino de Siena Parish and the San Pascual Baylon Parish. Every barangay hold its own barangay fiesta to honor their village patron saint. During that event, the village is lavishly decorated, especially the route of the processions. The Roman Catholic Church and the local authorities work side by side for a glorious and memorable fiestas. Although there

1072-406: Is known as os-os or us-us , which involves lashing the planks very tightly to wooden ribs ( agar ) with fiber or rattan ropes. The ropes are tied to holes bored diagonally into lugs ( tambuko ), which are rectangular or rounded protrusions on the inner surface of the planks. The tambuko occur at even distances corresponding to six dowel hole groupings. Wedges are then driven in the space between

1139-665: Is located at Barangay New Poblacion and the Barcelonita Fisheries School at Barangay Barcelonita. Barangay The barangay ( / b ɑːr ɑː ŋ ˈ ɡ aɪ / ; abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy. ), historically referred to as barrio , is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines . Named after the precolonial polities of the same name , modern barangays are political subdivisions of cities and municipalities which are analogous to villages , districts, neighborhoods, suburbs , or boroughs . The word barangay originated from balangay ,

1206-609: Is sometimes stopped and continued, In the absence of an SK, the council votes for a nominated Barangay Council president, and this president is not like the League of the Barangay Councilors, which is composed of barangay captains of a municipality. The Barangay Justice System, or Katarungang Pambarangay , is composed of members commonly known as the Lupon Tagapamayapa ( justice of the peace ). Their function

1273-469: Is to conciliate and mediate disputes at the barangay level to avoid legal action and relieve the courts of docket congestion. Barangay elections are non-partisan and are typically hotly contested. Barangay captains are elected by first-past-the-post plurality (no runoff voting ). Councilors are elected by plurality-at-large voting , with the entire barangay as a single at-large district. Each voter can vote for up to seven candidates for councilor, with

1340-636: The daramba and the burulan , respectively. Similar traditional ship-building techniques are still preserved by Sama-Bajau boat makers in Sibutu Island in Tawi-Tawi . The Butuan balangay boats were the first wooden watercraft excavated in Southeast Asia . They were discovered in the late 1970s in Butuan , Agusan del Norte . A total of nine wooden boats were accidentally found by locals searching for alluvial gold on land near

1407-828: The Cagayan River were flourishing trading centers. Some of these barangays had large populations. In Panay, some barangays had 20,000 inhabitants; in Leyte (Baybay), 15,000 inhabitants; in Cebu, 3,500 residents; in Vitis (Pampanga), 7,000 inhabitants; and in Pangasinan, 4,000 residents. There were smaller barangays with fewer people, but these were generally inland communities, or if they were coastal, they were not located in areas that were good for business pursuits. These smaller barangays had around thirty to one hundred houses only, and

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1474-643: The Middle East . The balangays of Butuan was declared by President Corazon Aquino as National Cultural Treasures with Presidential Proclamation No. 86 on March 9, 1987, and the vicinity of excavation as archaeological reserves. In November 2015, the Balangay was declared as the National Boat of the Philippines by the House Committee on Revisions of Laws. The Balangay was chosen so that

1541-918: The Moro Wars , in conjunction with watchtowers ( castillo , baluarte , or bantáy ) and other fortifications. The raiders were regularly attacking coastal settlements in Spanish-controlled areas and carrying off inhabitants to be sold as slaves in markets as far as Batavia and the Sultanate of Gowa . Defense fleets of balangay and vinta (known as the Marina Sutil , "Light Navy" or "Defense Navy") were first organized under Governor-General José Basco y Vargas in 1778. They were lightly armed but fast, which made them ideal for responding quickly to raider sightings and attacks. Notable leaders of these defense squadrons include Don Pedro Estevan,

1608-617: The People Power Revolution , though older people would still use the term barrio . The Municipal Council was abolished upon the transfer of powers to the barangay system. Marcos used to call the barangay part of Philippine participatory democracy, and most of his writings involving the New Society praised the role of baranganic democracy in nation-building. After the People Power Revolution and

1675-572: The Tagalog people to refer to the smallest discrete political units, which came to be the term used for native villages under the Spanish colonial period. The name of the boat was usually Hispanicized in Spanish and American records as barangayan (plural: barangayanes ) to distinguish them from the political unit. Among the Ibanag people of Northern Luzon , balangay were known as barangay ,

1742-447: The " Pi-sho-ye " raiders described as regularly attacking Chinese settlements in the coast of Fujian in the 12th century AD. "They ( Visayans ) have many kinds of ships of very different designs and names for fighting their wars and making their voyages. Most of the ones they use for wars and raiding are small; they are called barangay . And if they are a little bigger, they are called biray . The latter are very long and narrow,

1809-485: The "future generations of Filipinos will recognize the invaluable contribution of their forefathers in shaping the country's maritime tradition and in passing on the values of solidarity, harmony, determination, courage and bravery. House Bill 6366 proposes that the Balangay should be the National Boat of the Philippines. In 2009, the Kaya ng Pinoy Inc. that conquered Mount Everest in 2006 announced plans to re-construct

1876-532: The 7th to 10th centuries CE. The excavation of the Butuan Boats have faced major challenges. Having originally been discovered by treasure hunters , the early excavations of the site in the 1970s and 1980s suffered from poor written and photographic documentation and conservation measures. Excavation on Butuan Boats 5 and 9 have been suspended due to their poor conditions which necessitates further study on how to recover them without damage. As of 2022,

1943-461: The Butuan boats, are commonly equipped with large double-outriggers which support paddling and fighting platforms, in which case, they can be generically referred to as paraw or tilimbao (also tinimbao , from timbao , " outrigger "). Balangay warships, along with the larger karakoa , were regularly used for raiding ( mangayaw ) by Visayan warriors. It is believed that they may have been

2010-568: The Cabusao town in the first district of the province. There are attempts, however, to improve the rice production which can only be done if the farmlands can be improved despite the salty soil. In Barangay San Pedro in this municipality, the Bicol sanitarium can be found where leprous patients are treated and taken care of. Cabusao is politically subdivided into 9 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . Santa Lutgarda

2077-592: The Filipino today". In 2019, the Balangay Voyage team announced two more balangay ( Lahi ng Maharlika and Sultan sin Sulu ) will set sail on December 14, 2019, from Palawan to Butuan, then to Mactan to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the Battle of Mactan . The two boats will be temporarily renamed Raya Kolambu and Raya Siyagu. The Balangay Site Museum also known as "Balanghai Shrine Museum" houses

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2144-591: The Masao River. The site was in Sitio Ambangan, Barrio Libertad within an older dried-up river channel, perhaps a former tributary of the Masao River. The number of boats discovered in the site has since increased to at least eleven. Each boat is named based on the order that they were discovered, not when they were excavated. Seven of the eleven balangays discovered ( Butuan Boats 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 ) have been excavated or are being excavated by

2211-690: The National Museum. Only three of which ( Butuan Boats 1, 2, and 5 ) have been fully recovered and displayed. The wood used for the boats come from a variety of tree species, all of which are indigenous to the Philippines and neighboring regions in Southeast Asia. They were originally radiocarbon dated in the 1970s and 1980s, but the results (ranging from the 4th century CE to the 13th century CE) were too disparate for one site. More modern methods using accelerator mass spectrometry carbon-14 dating yielded more reliable results ranging from

2278-620: The Spanish regime. The Spanish monarch, who also collected taxes (called tribute) from the residents for the Spanish Crown, ruled each barangay through the cabeza . When the Americans arrived , "slight changes in the structure of local government was effected". Later, Rural Councils with four councilors were created to assist, now renamed Barrio Lieutenant; they were later renamed Barrio Council and then Barangay Council ( Sangguniang Barangay ). The Spanish term barrio (abbr. Bo.)

2345-508: The Visayas. The karakoa , a large Visayan warship, was also a type of balangay. "Balangay" is a general term and thus applies to several different types of traditional boats in various ethnic groups in the Philippines . In common usage, it refers primarily to the balangay of the Visayas and Mindanao islands, which were primarily inter-island trading ships, cargo transports, and warships. Large balangay (especially warships), including

2412-481: The balangay boats were not preserved, which is why modern reconstructions tend to omit the latter. However, as with later balangay designs described by Spanish explorers, they are believed to possess large outriggers which would be necessary for them to carry sails without capsizing. Outriggers dramatically increased stability and sail power without significant increase in weight. Outriggers in large war balangay designs also supported paddling and fighting platforms known as

2479-418: The balangays excavated on 320 AD. It is located at Sitio Ambangan, Barangay Libertad, Butuan . It also displays the cultural materials such as human and animal remains, hunting goods, jewelries, coffins, pots and other items associated to the boat. The shrine was built in 1979 after Felix A. Luna, a resident of the area, donated the land. In Butuan, Agusan del Norte , the annual Balanghai Festival celebrates

2546-635: The barangay. The number of barangay tanods differs from one barangay to another; they help maintain law and order in the neighborhoods throughout the Philippines. Funding for the barangay comes from their share of the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA), with a portion of the allotment set aside for the Sangguniang Kabataan. The exact amount of money is determined by a formula combining the barangay's population and land area. Balangay A balangay , or barangay ,

2613-471: The carved out planks edge-to-edge. The prow and stern posts were also composed of V-shaped ("winged") single carved pieces of wood. The strakes were made from heartwood taken from the section in between the softer sapwood and the pith of trees. Tree species favored include doongon ( Heritiera littoralis ), lawaan ( Shorea spp.), tugas ( Vitex parviflora ), and barayong ( Afzelia rhomboidea ), among others. The trees were traditionally cut on

2680-572: The combined fleets of Estevan and Don José Blanco defeated around forty Moro warships led by Prince Nune, the son of a sultan from Mindanao. Nune escaped, but hundreds of Moro raiders died in the skirmish and around a thousand more were stranded and hunted down in the mountains of Caramoan. The 1818 victory led to increased usage of defense fleets and the reduction of Moro raids to only sporadic attacks on isolated fishermen or smaller villages until their eventual suppression in 1896. Balangay were basically lashed-lug plank boats put together by joining

2747-645: The construction. The balangay was constructed at Manila Bay , at the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex . The Balangays, named Diwata ng Lahi , Masawa Hong Butuan , and Sama Tawi-Tawi , navigated without the use of modern instruments, and only through the skills and traditional methods of the Filipino Sama people. They journeyed from Manila Bay to the southern tip of Sulu , stopping off at numerous Philippine cities along

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2814-519: The council are the barangay captain, seven barangay councilors, and the chairman of the Youth Council, or Sangguniang Kabataan (SK). Thus, there are eight members of the legislative council in a barangay. The council is in session for a new solution or a resolution of bill votes, and if the counsels and the SK are at a tie, the barangay captain uses their vote. This only happens when the SK, which

2881-445: The counterweights also allow them to travel in heavy seas because the ship is elevated above the level of the water, so the waves break against the counterweights and not against the boats. They have round sails like ours." "They have other ships they call birocos , these are much larger than the ones mentioned earlier, some capable of carrying 500 or 600 fanegas of wheat. They are also oared, but they are very long and are moored to

2948-606: The drafting of the 1987 Constitution , the Municipal Council was restored, making the barangay the smallest unit of Philippine government. The first barangay elections held under the new constitution were held on March 28, 1989, under Republic Act No. 6679. The last barangay elections were held in October 2023 . The next elections will be held in December 2025. The modern barangay is headed by elected officials,

3015-403: The hull is built first by fitting strakes on each side of the keel edge-to-edge (to a total of six or more). The shaping of these strakes into the appropriate curvature ( lubag ) requires a skilled pandáy . They are locked in place with wooden dowels or pins ( treenails ) around 19 cm (7.5 in) long slotted into holes drilled into the edges of the strakes. Some sections may necessitate

3082-457: The keel is basically a dugout canoe (a bangka ) made from a single log. The keel is also known as a baroto which is the origin of one of the alternative names for balangay in the Visayas. The Butuan balangay boats differ from later balangay designs in that they do not have a true keel. Instead, they have a central plank fitted with three parallel lines of thin lugs which serve as additional attachment points for lashings. The outer shell of

3149-410: The modern barangay is pronounced "ba-rang-gay" in modern Filipino ( / b ɑːr ɑː ŋ ˈ ɡ aɪ / , instead of precolonial / b ɑːr ɑː ŋ ˈ aɪ / ). Pigafetta's alternate spelling with an H, balanghai , later gave rise to the historically incorrect neologism balanghay in the 1970s (with a new, slightly different pronunciation which Pigafetta did not intend). The term was also used by

3216-598: The old method used by the ancient mariners – steering by the Sun, the stars, the wind, cloud formations, wave patterns and bird migrations. Valdez and his team relied on the natural navigational instincts of the Badjao . Apart from the Badjao, Ivatan are also experts in using the boat. The organisers say that the voyage "aims to bring us back to the greatness of our ancestors and how colonialism robbed these away from us and produced

3283-415: The population varied from 100 to 500 persons. According to Miguel López de Legazpi , he founded communities with only 20 to 30 people. Traditionally, the original "barangays" were coastal settlements formed by the migration of these Malayo-Polynesian people (who came to the archipelago) from other places in Southeast Asia ( see chiefdom ). Most of the ancient barangays were coastal or riverine. This

3350-636: The province of Cagayan in Northern Luzon, the balangay of the Ibanag people were predominantly used within the Cagayan River system, but were also sometimes used as coastal trade ships, reaching as far as the Ilocos Region . They were mainly used as cargo and fishing ships and differed from other balangay in being much smaller with a shallower draft. During the 18th to 19th centuries, balangay were also often used as warships for defending coastal villages from Moro and Dutch raiders during

3417-752: The rest of the ships which are yet to be excavated, remain in their original waterlogged condition which is proven to be the best way to preserve the said artifacts. The Butuan boats are the single largest concentration of lashed-lug boat remains of the Austronesian boatbuilding traditions . Similar shipwrecks found elsewhere in Southeast Asia include the Pontian boat ( c.  260–430 CE ) of Malaysia . The Butuan boats were found in association with large amounts of trade goods from China , Cambodia , Thailand ( Haripunjaya and Satingpra ), Vietnam , and as far as Persia , indicating they traded as far as

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3484-402: The ribs and the planks, drawing the lashings even tighter as the distance between them is increased. Thwarts are then placed across the hull which are also lashed to corresponding tambuko on each side and covered with removable decking. Once completed, the hull usually measures around 15 m (49 ft) long and 4 m (13 ft) wide. The masts and outriggers ( katig or kate ) of

3551-440: The ship like ours, and are of a different design. These are the biggest of their boats; the rest are small and are called by many different names and have different designs and need not be described here because they are unimportant." In Tagalog regions, the balangay or barangay has the same functions as in the southern islands but differ in that it is constructed through the sewn-plank technique, rather than through dowels. In

3618-504: The single largest concentration of lashed-lug boat remains of the Austronesian boatbuilding traditions . They are found in association with large amounts of trade goods from East Asia, Southeast Asia, and as far as Persia, indicating they traded as far as the Middle East . Balangay were the first wooden watercraft excavated in Southeast Asia . Balangay are celebrated annually in the Balanghai Festival of Butuan. Balangay

3685-407: The smaller seating 50 and the larger ones 100, all of whom must row except the chief who is aboard the ship. The oars [sic] of these ships are a little more than a vara in length; their shafts are very well made. The oars are not fastened to the boat for rowing; instead the seated oarsmen ply gently with both hands. These vessels are extremely swift. They hold two or three banks of seated oarsmen on

3752-471: The strakes is run through with a spoon-like implement called a lokob . This creates a space with an even thickness in between the two strakes. The space is then filled with fine palm fibers called baruk or barok and caulked with resin-based pastes. The dowels are also further secured by drilling holes into them through the planks with the help of marks inscribed beforehand. Counter pegs called pamuta are then hammered into these holes. The second stage

3819-497: The topmost being the barangay captain . The barangay captain is aided by the Sangguniang Barangay (Barangay Council), whose members, called barangay kagawad ("councilors"), are also elected. The barangay is often governed from its seat of local government , the barangay hall . The council is considered a local government unit (LGU), similar to the provincial and municipal governments. The officials that make up

3886-399: The use of two or more planks for each strake. These are attached end-to-end using hooked scarf joints . Once the hull is assembled, it is left to season for a month or two. After the wood is seasoned, the hull is taken apart once again and checked. It is then reassembled in a stage known as sugi ("matching"). This involves fitting the strakes back together. Once fitted, the space between

3953-559: The victims of typhoon "Reming" ( International name Durian). There are two new villages in the place called Dusayan Village (Caritas International) and the San Rafael GK (Gawad Kalinga) Village, both located in the north-east of barangay Castillo. Among the non-Catholic religions are the Iglesia ni Cristo, Ang Dating Daan , Jesus Miracle Crusade and very small number of mainline Protestants. The parish of St. Bernardine of Siena

4020-407: The way to promote the project. The journey around the country covered a distance of 2,108 nautical miles or 3,908 kilometers. The second leg of the voyage (2010–2011) saw the balangay boats navigate around South East Asia – Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Cambodia, Thailand and up to the territorial waters of Vietnam before heading back to the Philippines. The balangay was navigated by

4087-491: The wet season starts early June through October. The climate and soil are suited for almost all kinds of agricultural crops. Northwest monsoon winds prevail during the months of late October to March. Southwest monsoon starts from June and ends in October. In the 2020 census, the population of Cabusao was 19,257 people, with a density of 410 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,100 inhabitants per square mile. The municipality

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4154-405: The winners being the seven candidates with the most votes. Typically, a ticket consists of one candidate for barangay captain and seven candidates for councilors. Elections for the post of punong barangay and the barangay kagawads are usually held every three years, starting in 2007. A barangay tanod , or barangay police officer, is an unarmed watchman who fulfills policing functions within

4221-682: The word barangay to describe themselves or their communities. Instead, barangay is argued to be a Spanish invention resulting from an attempt by the Spaniards to reconstruct pre-conquest Tagalog society. The first barangays started as relatively small communities of around 50 to 100 families. By the time of contact with the Spaniards, many barangays had developed into large communities. The encomienda of 1604 shows that many affluent and powerful coastal barangays in Sulu , Butuan , Panay , Leyte , Cebu , Pampanga , Pangasinan , Pasig , Laguna , and

4288-591: Was formerly the Barrio Poblacion; the seat of the municipal government and the town's Catholic church. Through the effort of Mayor Teofilo Santiago, those two major symbol of local power was transferred to the neighboring Barrio Buenavista, presently Barangay New Poblacion. However, the name "Poblacion" is still an integral part of Santa Lutgarda and can be found side by side with the official name (Santa Lutgarda de Bravante). Cabusao has varying dry and wet seasons. The dry season begins late March through May and

4355-507: Was founded in 1914. The Feastday is every 20th day of May. The following is the list of parish priests: Poverty incidence of Cabusao Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Cabusao is basically an agricultural town where most of its constituents are engaged in farming and fishing. In 1997, agricultural workers reached to about 37.53% while 62.47% were non-agricultural workers. The municipality has 2 Secondary Public Schools and 8 Public Elementary Schools. Sta Lutgarda High School

4422-619: Was one of the first native words the Europeans learned in the Philippines . The Venetian chronicler Antonio Pigafetta , who was with Ferdinand Magellan when setting foot in the Philippines in 1521 called the native boats balangai or balanghai . This word appears as either balangay or barangay , with the same meaning, in all the major languages of the Philippines . Early colonial Spanish dictionaries make it clear that balangay and barangay were originally pronounced "ba-la-ngay" and "ba-ra-ngay", but due to centuries of Spanish influence,

4489-406: Was used for much of the 20th century. Manila mayor Ramon Bagatsing established the first Barangay Bureau in the Philippines, creating the blueprint for the barangay system as the basic socio-political unit for the city in the early 1970s. This was quickly replicated by the national government, and in 1974, President Ferdinand Marcos ordered the renaming of barrios to barangays. The name survived

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