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97-609: The China Dragon began their history as two separate teams, both playing in China. Qiqihar Ice hockey team was founded in 1954 and captured 28 championships in the China League. Their mascot was the snow leopard . The team joined Asia League Ice Hockey in the 2004–2005 season. They played out of the Qiqihar Gymnasium. The season was opened in the two Chinese rinks. They played 42 games in their initial season only winning

194-581: A criminal offence that is punishable by the confiscation of property, a fine and a sentence of at least 10 years in prison. They have been protected in Bhutan since 1995. At the end of 2020, 35 cameras were installed on the outskirts of Almaty, Kazakhstan in hopes to catch footage of snow leopards. In November 2021, it was announced by the Russian World Wildlife Fund (WWF) that snow leopards were spotted 65 times on these cameras in

291-576: A player-coach may also have no captain or alternate captains. A team commonly has three alternate captains when the team has not selected a captain, or when the serving captain is injured and misses a game. In the National Hockey League , it is common for a team to have three alternate captains if no one is assigned captain, the current captain is absent, or a goaltender is named as the captain. International and USA amateur rules do not allow this; they stipulate that "each team must appoint

388-595: A "conspicuous location on the front" of the player's sweater. Two teams in the NHL have sweaters where the positioning of the crest on the front leaves insufficient space on the left for the letter: the Carolina Hurricanes and New Jersey Devils both have alternate jerseys where the captain's patch is on the right. In the World Hockey Association 's final season of 1978-79, Paul Shmyr ,

485-458: A 4–3 overtime win over High1 . Brett Parnham scored a hat-trick, including the game-winner. China finished the 2014–15 season still deep in last place, but they did manage eight wins on the season against 40 defeats. In 2015–16, Dragon's record was about the same, seven wins in 48 matches and another last-place finish; Brett Parnham's 21 goals was good enough to place in the AIHL top 10. China Dragon

582-490: A captain and not more than two alternate captains" In the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League (QMJHL), Western Hockey League (WHL) and minor leagues under the jurisdiction of Hockey Canada, teams are allowed to have a captain with up to three alternate captains. If the team chooses to not appoint a captain, they are not permitted to appoint a fourth alternate captain. When

679-777: A coach and official from the Nordic Vikings organization. The Swedish coach took over for the year and their coach from the previous year worked as an assistant coach. Yin Kai returned to the Harbin line-up on November 23, 2005 and after a couple of games he resumed the position of captain on December 1. Harbin removed the Swedish players from their roster after the December 13 game against the Nippon Paper Cranes . Du Chao

776-507: A noticeable increase in marking and calling. Females have a gestation period of 90–100 days, and the cubs are born between April and June. A litter usually consists of two to three cubs, in exceptional cases there can be up to seven. The female gives birth in a rocky den or crevice lined with fur shed from her underside. The cubs are born blind and helpless, although already with a thick coat of fur, and weigh 320 to 567 g (11.3 to 20.0 oz). Their eyes open at around seven days, and

873-423: A number of alternate captains (usually two or three) who speak to the officials when the captain is on the bench. Captains wear a "C" on their sweaters , while alternate captains wear an "A". Officially captains have no other responsibility or authority, although they may, depending on the league or individual team, have various informal duties, such as participation in pre-game ceremonies or other events outside

970-859: A result of negotiation between the Chinese Association and the San Jose Sharks , the NHL team agreed to send five players and three coaches to the Chinese team, in exchange for the team naming rights. The team's logo is similar to the Cleveland Barons , a previous affiliate of the Sharks. By merging the only two professional hockey clubs in China, the China Sharks essentially became the Chinese national team which would compete in

1067-621: A role in chemical communication. The snow leopard is a carnivore and actively hunts its prey . Its preferred wild prey species are Himalayan blue sheep ( Pseudois nayaur ), Himalayan tahr ( Hemitragus jemlahicus ), argali ( Ovis ammon ), markhor ( Capra falconeri ) and wild goat ( C. aegagrus ). It also preys on domestic livestock. It prefers prey ranging in weight from 36 to 76 kg (79 to 168 lb), but also hunts smaller mammals such as Himalayan marmot ( Marmota himalayana ), pika and vole species. Its diet depends on prey availability and varies across its range and season. In

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1164-500: A shoulder height of 56 cm (22 in), and ranging in head to body size from 75 to 150 cm (30 to 59 in). Its tail is 80 to 105 cm (31 to 41 in) long. Males average 45 to 55 kg (99 to 121 lb), and females 35 to 40 kg (77 to 88 lb). Occasionally, large males reaching 75 kg (165 lb) have been recorded, and small females under 25 kg (55 lb). Its canine teeth are 28.6 mm (1.13 in) long and are more slender than those of

1261-539: A single coach lead the team for the season. The team had three import players on the roster, but only two of them each played a single game during the season. As part of the Nordic Vikings entry into the league, Qiqihar sent three players to play on their team for the 2005–2006 season. In return, the Vikings provided three players, a coach and an official to Qiqihar. While improving on their first year's showing,

1358-440: A single game and finished in last place with four points. Their only win came against fellow Chinese team, Harbin. They gave up a staggering 326 goals while only managing to score 53. Fu Nan led his team in scoring with eight goals. Liu Henan had eight assists and 14 points. The team also gave up the most short handed goals while being the only team who didn't score any. The team rotated coaches from game to game rather than have

1455-411: A snow leopard cannot roar , as its 9 mm (0.35 in) short vocal folds provide little resistance to airflow. Its nasal openings are large in relation to the length of its skull and width of its palate ; thanks to their size the volume of air inhaled with each breath is optimised, and the cold dry air becomes warmer. It is not especially adapted to high-altitude hypoxia . The snow leopard

1552-501: A snow leopard was photographed carrying a freshly killed woolly flying squirrel ( Eupetaurus cinereus ) near Gangotri National Park . In Mongolia, domestic sheep comprises less than 20% of its diet, although wild prey has been reduced and interactions with people are common. It is capable of killing most ungulates in its habitat, with the probable exception of the adult male wild yak . It also eats grass and twigs. The snow leopard actively pursues prey down steep mountainsides, using

1649-744: A survey of Chinese websites revealed 15 advertisements for 44 snow leopard products; the dealers offered skins, canine teeth, claws and a tongue. In September 2014, nine snow leopard skins were found during a market survey in Afghanistan. Greenhouse gas emissions will likely cause a shift of the treeline in the Himalayas and a shrinking of the alpine zone , which may reduce snow leopard habitat by an estimated 30%. Where snow leopards prey on domestic livestock , they are subject to human–wildlife conflict . The loss of natural prey due to overgrazing by livestock, poaching, and defense of livestock are

1746-453: A team captain, while on other occasions, the choice was made by team management. Captains are often chosen due to their seniority in the game and years of service with their current club. However, franchise players—current or emerging stars—have also been named captains. Though not required, many captains have previously served as alternate captains of their team. Some selections or removals of NHL captaincies have been controversial, more so than

1843-640: Is solitary and mostly active at dawn till early morning, and again in afternoons and early evenings. They mostly rest near cliffs and ridges that provide vantage points and shade. In Nepal's Shey Phoksundo National Park , the home ranges of five adult radio-collared snow leopards largely overlapped, though they rarely met. Their individual home ranges ranged from 12 to 39 km (4.6 to 15.1 sq mi). Males moved between 0.5 and 5.45 km (0.31 and 3.39 mi) per day, and females between 0.2 and 2.25 km (0.12 and 1.40 mi), measured in straight lines between survey points. Since they often zigzagged in

1940-455: Is a political symbol of the Tatars , Kazakhs , and Bulgars . A mythical winged Aq Bars is depicted on the national coat of arms of Tatarstan , the seal of the city of Samarqand , Uzbekistan and the old coat of arms of Astana . A snow leopard is depicted on the official seal of Almaty and on the former 10,000 Kazakhstani tenge banknote. In Kyrgyzstan, it is used in highly stylized form in

2037-557: Is an account by Peter Matthiessen about his two-month journey through the Dolpo region of the Nepal Himalayas in search of the snow leopard. Captain (ice hockey) In ice hockey , the captain is the player designated by a team as the only person authorized to speak with the game officials regarding rule interpretations when the captain is on the ice. At most levels of play each team must designate one captain and

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2134-960: Is considered good habitat, and 14.4% is protected. In the beginning of the 1990s, the Indian snow leopard population was estimated at 200–600 individuals living across about 25 protected areas. The Snow Leopard Population Assessment in India (SPAI) Programme counted the number of snow leopards between 2019 and 2023 and found their number to be 718, with 477 in Ladakh , 124 in Uttarakhand , 51 in Himachal Pradesh, 36 in Arunachal Pradesh, 21 in Sikkim, and nine in Jammu and Kashmir. In summer,

2231-884: Is distributed from the west of Lake Baikal through southern Siberia, in the Kunlun Mountains , Altai Mountains, Sayan and Tannu-Ola Mountains , in the Tian Shan , through Tajikistan , Kyrgyzstan , Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan to the Hindu Kush in eastern Afghanistan, Karakoram in northern Pakistan , in the Pamir Mountains , the Tibetan Plateau and in the high elevations of the Himalayas in India , Nepal and Bhutan . In Mongolia, they inhabit

2328-489: Is easily driven away from livestock and readily abandons kills, often without defending itself. Only two attacks on humans have been reported, both near Almaty in Kazakhstan, and neither were fatal. In 1940, a rabid snow leopard attacked two men; and an old, toothless emaciated individual attacked a person passing by. Snow leopards become sexually mature at two to three years, and normally live for 15–18 years in

2425-534: Is expected to decline about 10% by 2040. It is mainly threatened by poaching and habitat destruction following infrastructural developments. It inhabits alpine and subalpine zones at elevations of 3,000–4,500 m (9,800–14,800 ft), ranging from eastern Afghanistan , the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau to southern Siberia , Mongolia and western China . In the northern part of its range, it also lives at lower elevations. Taxonomically ,

2522-416: Is whitish to grey with black spots on the head and neck, with larger rosettes on the back, flanks and bushy tail. Its muzzle is short, its forehead domed, and its nasal cavities are large. The fur is thick with hairs measuring 5 to 12 cm (2.0 to 4.7 in) in length, and its underbelly is whitish. They are stocky, short-legged, and slightly smaller than other cats of the genus Panthera , reaching

2619-648: Is widely depicted in Kyrgyz culture . The Old French word once , which was intended to be used for the Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx ), is where the Latin name uncia and the English word ounce both originate. Once is believed to have originated from a previous form of the word lynx through a process known as false splitting . The word once was originally considered to be pronounced as l'once , where l' stands for

2716-575: The 1969–70 season , the Boston Bruins had three alternate captains ( Johnny Bucyk , Phil Esposito and Ed Westfall ) instead of a captain sporting the "C". However, as Bucyk was the most senior of the alternate captains, he was first one to be presented the Stanley Cup when the team won the championship in 1970 and 1972. In the NCAA, a team can designate a single alternate captain to assume

2813-661: The Calgary Flames in 2003, has been cited by ESPN as the first black captain in NHL history. Bryce Salvador captained the New Jersey Devils from 2013 to 2015. Kyle Okposo was captain of the Buffalo Sabres from 2022 to 2024. In NHL history, there have been six goaltenders who served as official team captains: Prior to the 1948–49 season , the NHL made a change to the rules, prohibiting goaltenders from being captains or alternate captains. This

2910-631: The Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky District in southern Transbaikal . The snow leopard was long classified in the monotypic genus Uncia . They were subordinated to the genus Panthera based on results of phylogenetic studies. Until spring 2017, there was no evidence available for the recognition of subspecies . Results of a phylogeographic analysis indicate that three subspecies should be recognised: This view has been both contested and supported by different researchers. An extinct subspecies Panthera uncia pyrenaica

3007-632: The Red Data Book of the Russian Federation as threatened with extinction. Hunting snow leopards is only permitted for the purposes of conservation and monitoring, and to eliminate a threat to the life of humans and livestock. Smuggling of snow leopard body parts is punished with imprisonment and a fine . Hunting snow leopards has been prohibited in Afghanistan since 1986. In China, they have been protected by law since 1989; hunting and trading snow leopards or their body parts constitute

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3104-1097: The Snow Leopard Trust , and the Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union . Also supporting the initiative were the Snow Leopard Network, the World Bank 's Global Tiger Initiative , the United Nations Development Programme , the World Wild Fund for Nature , the United States Agency for International Development , and Global Environment Facility . The Moscow Zoo exhibited the first captive snow leopard in 1872 that had been caught in Turkestan . In Kyrgyzstan, 420 live snow leopards were caught between 1936 and 1988 and exported to zoos around

3201-507: The crease . The NHL introduced a rule prohibiting the goaltender from being a captain following the 1947–48 season (see § Goaltender captains below). Teams may designate alternate captains (often erroneously called "assistant captains"). Alternate captains wear the letter "A" on their jerseys in the same manner that team captains wear the "C". In the NHL, teams may appoint a captain and up to two alternate captains, or they may appoint three alternate captains and thus no captain. A team with

3298-533: The elided form of the word la ('the') in French. Once was then understood to be the name of the animal. The word panther derives from the classical Latin panthēra , itself from the ancient Greek πάνθηρ pánthēr , which was used for spotted cats. Felis uncia was the scientific name used by Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber in 1777 who described a snow leopard based on an earlier description by Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon , assuming that

3395-526: The 170 protected areas in their range countries are smaller than the home range of a single male snow leopard. Snow leopards leave scent marks to indicate their territories and common travel routes. They scrape the ground with the hind feet before depositing urine or feces , but also spray urine onto rocks. Their urine contains many characteristic low molecular weight compounds with diverse functional groups including pentanol , hexanol , heptanol , 3-octanone , nonanal and indole , which possibly play

3492-557: The 1950s. In India, the snow leopard is granted the highest level of protection under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 , and hunting is sentenced with imprisonment of 3–7 years. In Nepal, they have been legally protected since 1973, with penalties of 5–15 years in prison and a fine for poaching and trading them. Since 1978, they have been listed in the Soviet Union ’s Red Book and is still inscribed today in

3589-513: The 2008–09 season, there were no shoot-outs and games ended in a tie Snow leopard The snow leopard ( Panthera uncia ) is a species of large cat in the genus Panthera of the family Felidae . The species is native to the mountain ranges of Central and South Asia . It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because the global population is estimated to number fewer than 10,000 mature individuals and

3686-581: The 2008–09 season, three China Sharks players trained in the United States at the San Jose Sharks rookie training camp in Oakland, California . Cui Zhinan, Lui Heenan, and Wang Jiang, all came to spread awareness of the team and skate with the club each afternoon. The men stayed for different periods of time, with some staying as long as ten days. The San Jose Sharks’ decision to partner with

3783-588: The Asia League Ice Hockey and eventually in the Olympics. Since this sounded like a truly unique experience to teach and spread the game of hockey into Asia while expanding into a new market, the parent company of the San Jose Sharks, Silicon Valley Sports and Entertainment , made a decision to send players and coaches to China prior to the 2007–08 season. The partnership between the San Jose Sharks and China's national team happened largely through

3880-810: The Canadiens, George Armstrong with the Toronto Maple Leafs , Yvan Cournoyer (1976–1979) with the Canadiens, Denis Potvin (1980–1983) with the New York Islanders and Wayne Gretzky with the Edmonton Oilers . Charlie Gardiner was the first NHL captain born in Europe to lead his team to a Stanley Cup title ( 1934 ). Derian Hatcher became the first American-born captain to win the Stanley Cup in 1999 . Daniel Alfredsson

3977-406: The Chinese government and local investors to build youth and industrial leagues across China. Also a part of this plan would be to help develop rinks and other hockey venues to encourage the game. While the game has been somewhat popular in northern China, the game is relatively unknown in southern parts of the country. Part of these initiatives will be to help spread hockey throughout all of China. At

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4074-547: The Chinese national team was not the first initiative by an NHL team to spread hockey into Asia. In 2006, the New York Islanders helped launch Project Hope , an initiative which included building several rinks, providing hockey equipment, coaching, and providing English classes to those living in the Heilongjiang Province of China. Like the New York Islanders, the San Jose Sharks plan to work with

4171-795: The Himalayas, it preys mostly on Himalayan blue sheep, Siberian ibex ( C. sibirica ), white-bellied musk deer ( Moschus leucogaster ) and wild boar ( Sus scrofa ). In the Karakoram , Tian Shan , Altai and Mongolia's Tost Mountains, its main prey consists of Siberian ibex, Thorold's deer ( Cervus albirostris ), Siberian roe deer ( Capreolus pygargus ) and argali. Snow leopard feces collected in northern Pakistan also contained remains of rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta ), masked palm civet ( Paguma larvata ), Cape hare ( Lepus capensis ), house mouse ( Mus musculus ), Kashmir field mouse ( Apodemus rusiges ), grey dwarf hamster ( Cricetulus migratorius ) and Turkestan rat ( Rattus pyctoris ). In 2017,

4268-895: The Mongolian and Gobi Altai Mountains and the Khangai Mountains . In Tibet , they occur up to the Altyn-Tagh in the north. They inhabit alpine and subalpine zones at elevations of 3,000 to 4,500 m (9,800 to 14,800 ft), but also lives at lower elevations in the northern part of their range. Potential snow leopard habitat in the Indian Himalayas is estimated at less than 90,000 km (35,000 sq mi) in Jammu and Kashmir , Ladakh , Uttarakhand , Himachal Pradesh , Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh , of which about 34,000 km (13,000 sq mi)

4365-499: The Nikko Ice Bucks. Five Ice Bucks players received game misconduct penalties while seven Changchun players received the same and one Changchun player, Fu Nan, received a match penalty . The league later suspended all of the penalized players for one game, except for Fu who received a two-game suspension. Lie Henan again led the team with 20 points and also led scoring with 13. Fu Nan led with nine assists. Fuao did improve in

4462-618: The State Agency on Environmental Protection and Forestry under the government of Kyrgyzstan. The meeting was held in Bishkek , and all countries agreed that the snow leopard and the high mountain habitat need trans-boundary support to ensure a viable future for snow leopard populations, and to safeguard its fragile environment. The event brought together many partners, including NGOs like the Snow Leopard Conservancy ,

4559-569: The Trans-Ili Alatau mountains since the cameras were installed. In 2013, government leaders and officials from all 12 countries encompassing the snow leopard's range (Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan) came together at the Global Snow Leopard Forum (GSLF) initiated by the then-President of Kyrgyzstan Almazbek Atambayev , and

4656-526: The age of about 22 months, but stayed in her vicinity for a month and moved out of his natal range at 23 months of age. The snow leopard has a generation length of eight years. Major threats to the population include poaching and illegal trade of its skins and body parts. Between 1999 and 2002, three live snow leopard cubs and 16 skins were confiscated , 330 traps were destroyed and 110 poachers were arrested in Kyrgyzstan. Undercover operations in

4753-589: The captain and their teammates, the captain has numerous responsibilities to the team, particularly in North American professional hockey. The captain is a dressing room leader, and also represents the players' concerns to management. The captain is often considered the primary representative of the team to the public, and sometimes is responsible for organizing the team's social functions and performing ceremonial on-ice functions, such as award presentations or ceremonial faceoffs. NHL teams need not designate

4850-404: The captain is off the ice or unavailable for the game, any alternate captain on the ice is responsible for fulfilling the captain's official role as liaison to the referees. NHL teams may choose alternate captains from game to game or appoint regular alternate captains for the season. In North America, alternate captains perform many of the same leadership and team building roles as the captain. In

4947-431: The captain of the Edmonton Oilers , wore a "K" (for kapitan ) on his sweater instead of a "C", as a salute to both his personal, and the city of Edmonton's, Ukrainian heritage. Steve Yzerman served as the captain of the Detroit Red Wings for 20 years/19 seasons ( 1986–87 to 2005–06 ) and 1,303 games during that time, the longest term in the history of the NHL by both years and games. The Boston Bruins ' Ray Bourque

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5044-465: The captaincy by cutting off the "C" from his Toronto Maple Leafs jersey with scissors, in protest of Harold Ballard 's trade of his best friend Lanny McDonald , Ballard likened Sittler's actions to flag burning . The rules of the IIHF, NHL and Hockey Canada do not permit goaltenders to be designated as on-ice captains, due to the logistical challenge of having the goaltender relay rules discussions between referees and coaches and then return to

5141-507: The cat occurred along the Barbary Coast , in Persia , East India and China . The genus name Uncia was proposed by John Edward Gray in 1854 for Asian cats with a long and thick tail. Felis irbis, proposed by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg in 1830, was a skin of a female snow leopard collected in the Altai Mountains . He also clarified that several leopard ( P. pardus ) skins were previously misidentified as snow leopard skins. Felis uncioides proposed by Thomas Horsfield in 1855

5238-425: The cat to balance in rocky terrain. The tail is very thick due to fat storage, and is covered in a thick layer of fur, which allows the cat to use it like a blanket to protect its face when asleep. The snow leopard differs from the other Panthera species by a shorter muzzle, an elevated forehead , a vertical chin and a less developed posterior process of the lower jaw . Despite its partly ossified hyoid bone ,

5335-815: The country revealed an illegal trade network with links to Russia and China via Kazakhstan. The major skin trade center in the region is the city of Kashgar in Xinjiang . In Tibet and Mongolia, skins are used for traditional dresses, and meat in traditional Tibetan medicine to cure kidney problems; bones are used in traditional Chinese and Mongolian medicine for treating rheumatism , injuries and pain of human bones and tendons . Between 1996 and 2002, 37 skins were found in wildlife markets and tourist shops in Mongolia. Between 2003 and 2016, 710 skins were traded, of which 288 skins were confiscated. In China, an estimated 103 to 236 animals are poached every year, in Mongolia between 34 and 53, in Pakistan between 23 and 53, in India from 21 to 45, and in Tajikistan 20 to 25. In 2016,

5432-451: The cubs can walk at five weeks and are fully weaned by 10 weeks. The cubs leave the den when they are around two to four months of age. Three radio-collared snow leopards in Mongolia's Tost Mountains gave birth between late April and late June. Two female cubs started to part from their mothers at the age of 20 to 21 months, but reunited with them several times for a few days over a period of 4–7 months. One male cub separated from his mother at

5529-483: The current time, the New York Islanders and the San Jose Sharks are the only two NHL teams with a presence in China. The China Sharks’ eventual goal is to prepare its young Chinese players to eventually compete in the winter Olympics. However, the level of play in China is still significantly lower than in other countries. In 2008–09, the China Sharks finished near the bottom of the Asia League Ice Hockey, winning only five of their thirty-six regular-season games. The team

5626-452: The game. As with most team sports that designate captains , the captain is usually a well-respected player and a team leader. According to International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) and National Hockey League (NHL) rules, the only player allowed to speak with referees about rule interpretations is the captain, or, if the captain is not on the ice, an alternate captain . Although the rules do not specify any other distinction between

5723-622: The league and led the team with 23 goals, 19 assists and 42 points. Harbin also led the league in short handed goals with nine. Captain Yin Kai was absent from two games on December 4 and 7 during which time the team played with no captain on the ice. On December 11, 2004 Wang Dahai began filling the position of captain. In contrast to Qiqihar, Harbin maintained the same coach through the season. In their second season, 2005–2006, Harbin again won seven of their 38 games. Including three games against new Korean entry, Kangwon Land. They scored 68 goals while allowing 198. They also received three players,

5820-468: The major drivers for the ever decreasing snow leopard population. Livestock also cause habitat degradation, which, alongside the increasing use of forests for fuel, reduces snow leopard habitat. The snow leopard is listed in CITES Appendix I . They have been listed as threatened with extinction in Schedule I of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals since 1985. Hunting snow leopards has been prohibited in Kyrgyzstan since

5917-397: The modern emblem of the capital Bishkek , and the same art has been integrated into the badge of the Kyrgyzstan Girl Scouts Association . It is also considered to be a sacred creature by the Kyrgyz people . A crowned snow leopard features in the arms of Shushensky District in Russia. It is the state animal of Ladakh and Himachal Pradesh in India. The 1978 book The Snow Leopard

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6014-443: The momentum of its initial leap to chase animals for up to 300 m (980 ft). Then it drags the prey to a safe location and consumes all edible parts of the carcass. It can survive on a single Himalayan blue sheep for two weeks before hunting again, and one adult individual apparently needs 20–30 adult blue sheep per year. Snow leopards have been recorded to hunt successfully in pairs, especially mating pairs. The snow leopard

6111-401: The other Panthera species. The snow leopard shows several adaptations for living in cold, mountainous environments. Its small rounded ears help to minimize heat loss, and its broad paws effectively distribute the body weight for walking on snow. Fur on the undersides of the paws enhances its grip on steep and unstable surfaces, and helps to minimize heat loss. Its long and flexible tail helps

6208-467: The other North American professional sports leagues. For instance, in Canada men's national ice hockey team , then-General Manager Bobby Clarke selected Eric Lindros for the 1998 Winter Olympics , considered somewhat controversial as Lindros was chosen over longer-tenured NHL captains such as Steve Yzerman , Ray Bourque and Wayne Gretzky , Clarke was also general manager of the Philadelphia Flyers whom Lindros played for professionally. In 2000, when

6305-597: The precipitous terrain, they actually moved up to 7 km (4.3 mi) in a single night. Up to 10 individuals inhabit an area of 100 km (39 sq mi); in habitats with sparse prey, an area of 1,000 km (390 sq mi) usually supports only five individuals. A study in the Gobi Desert from 2008 to 2014 revealed that adult males used a mean home range of 144–270 km (56–104 sq mi), while adult females ranged in areas of 83–165 km (32–64 sq mi). Their home ranges overlapped less than 20%. These results indicate that about 40% of

6402-414: The relationship between Clarke and Lindros deteriorated during contentious contract negotiations and the team's handling of Lindros' injuries, the team captaincy was issued to Eric Desjardins . Tampa Bay Lightning head coach John Tortorella stripped the captaincy from Vincent Lecavalier after disagreements about the player's skills and conditioning practices. In 1980, Darryl Sittler angrily resigned

6499-444: The role of captain, should the captain be unavailable due to injury or penalty. The letter "C" or "A" is attached to the jersey of the team's captain and alternate captains (commonly sewn at higher levels of play, though removable insignia exist so the "C" or "A" designation can be easily changed). The designation is traditionally placed on the left side of the sweater, though the IIHF, NHL and NCAA rules specify only that it must be in

6596-441: The same player as captain from game to game, though most teams do. When Boston Bruins captain Terry O'Reilly retired, Ray Bourque and Rick Middleton were named as co-captains of the team for the 1985–86 season . Middleton wore the "C" during home games and Bourque for road games during the season's first half, and the two switched for the second half. This arrangement continued until Middleton retired in 1988 and Bourque became

6693-452: The second time in their three-year history in the league the team was leading in the league in short handed goals, tied for 10 with two other teams. The team played six of their 17 home games in Harbin. At the end of the season they merged with Chanchun Fuao to form the China Sharks. Under the management of the Chinese Ice Hockey Association , players were selected from the two teams to form the new team, originally sponsored by Hosa Sports. As

6790-450: The short handed goals department. They gave up the most of any team, but managed to score six during the season which put them ahead of the Nikko Ice Bucks who only scored three. With the departure of their year-long coach from Sweden, the team was back to switching coaches during the season. Due to financial difficulty the team merged with Hosa at the end of the 2006–2007 season to form the China Sharks. Like Qiqihar, Harbin Ice hockey team

6887-640: The snow leopard usually lives above the tree line on alpine meadows and in rocky regions at elevations of 2,700 to 6,000 m (8,900 to 19,700 ft). In winter, they descend to elevations around 1,200 to 2,000 m (3,900 to 6,600 ft). They prefer rocky, broken terrain, and can move in 85 cm (33 in) deep snow, but prefers to use existing trails made by other animals. Snow leopards were recorded by camera traps at 16 locations in northeastern Afghanistan's isolated Wakhan Corridor . The snow leopard's vocalizations include meowing, grunting, prusten and moaning. They can purr when exhaling. It

6984-409: The snow leopard was long classified in the monotypic genus Uncia . Since phylogenetic studies revealed the relationships among Panthera species, it has since been considered a member of that genus . Two subspecies were described based on morphological differences, but genetic differences between the two have not yet been confirmed. It is therefore regarded as a monotypic species . The species

7081-528: The sole captain. Some teams name two (such as the Buffalo Sabres during the 2005–06 and 2006–07 NHL seasons ) or three (such as the Vancouver Canucks during the 1990–91 season ) captains for a season. Some teams rotate captains rather than keep one for an extended period of time (the Minnesota Wild rotated captaincy every one or two months until the 2009–10 season , when Mikko Koivu

7178-539: The species likely belongs to a different genus. The mitochondrial genomes of the snow leopard, the leopard and the lion ( P. leo ) are more similar to each other than their nuclear genomes , indicating that their ancestors hybridised at some point in their evolution . Fossils of the snow leopard found in the Pabbi Hills of Pakistan were dated to the Early Pleistocene . The snow leopard's fur

7275-575: The start of the 1991–92 season. Exact dates for announcements and first game wearing the "C" in "Tri-Captaincy" rotation could not be determined. Date listed is Linden's first game of the 1991–92 regular season as permanent captain. Jean Beliveau is the only one to have captained his team to win five Stanley Cup championships, doing so with the Montreal Canadiens between 1961 and 1971. The following captains all won four, three of them in consecutive years: Maurice Richard (1957–1960) with

7372-604: The team played its first season in Beijing , it moved into a new arena called Songjiang Stadium in the Songjiang District of Shanghai for the 2008–09 season. On October 11, 2008, the China Sharks played the first home game in their new arena, beating the Seibu Prince Rabbits by a score of 3–1. Prior to this, the team held its 2008–09 training camp in the northern Chinese city of Suihua . Also before

7469-454: The team still finished in last place with 11 points. With the schedule reduced to 38 games, the team gave up 278 goals while scoring 61. Their success came mainly against Harbin, but they managed an overtime loss to Kangwon Land from South Korea who were playing in their first season. The team stopped fielding their Swedish exchange players after their November 28, 2005 game against Anyang Halla . However, Anders Westerlund continued to coach

7566-509: The team until the end of the season. The team was led in scoring by Jayden Der with 11 goals and 15 points. Guo Xin had the most assists with nine. For the second year in a row the team gave up the most short handed goals while being the only team not to score one. There were several changes to the team in the 2006–2007 season. The Nordic Vikings left the league which means the player and staff that were exchanged were no longer available to them. The team also gained new sponsorship. Their name

7663-429: The tiger probably diverged between 3.7 to 2.7 million years ago . Panthera originates most likely in northern Central Asia. Panthera blytheae excavated in western Tibet's Ngari Prefecture has been initially described the oldest known Panthera species and exhibits skull characteristics similar to the snow leopard, though its taxonomic placement has been disputed by other researchers who suggest that

7760-444: The wild. In captivity they can live for up to 25 years. Oestrus typically lasts five to eight days, and males tend not to seek out another partner after mating, probably because the short mating season does not allow sufficient time. Paired snow leopards mate in the usual felid posture , from 12 to 36 times a day. They are unusual among large cats in that they have a well-defined birth peak. They usually mate in late winter, marked by

7857-493: The work of China Sharks’ GM Chris Collins. While working for the San Jose Sharks, Collins investigated China's athletic market and was able to convince San Jose Sharks’ President Greg Jamison that the club should invest in China. After the partnership became official, Collins soon moved to China and became GM of the new club. The team now has two major offices in Shanghai which employ marketing and operations professionals. Though

7954-569: The world. The Bronx Zoo housed a live snow leopard in 1903; this was the first ever specimen exhibited in a North American zoo. The first captive bred snow leopard cubs were born in the 1990s in the Beijing Zoo . The Snow Leopard Species Survival Plan was initiated in 1984; by 1986, American zoos held 234 individuals. The snow leopard is widely used in heraldry and as an emblem in Central Asia. The Aq Bars ('White Leopard')

8051-560: The youngest captain in the NHL to win the Stanley Cup in 2009 at 21 years 10 months. The youngest captain to lead his team to the Stanley Cup in the history of the trophy is Mike Grant of the 1895 Montreal Victorias , who was 21 years and 2 months at the time. Dirk Graham became the first NHL captain of African descent when he was named captain of the Chicago Blackhawks in March 1989. Jarome Iginla , who became captain of

8148-540: Was a snow leopard skin from Nepal in the collection of the Museum of the East India Company . Uncia uncia was used by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1930 when he reviewed skins and skulls of Panthera species from Asia. He also described morphological differences between snow leopard and leopard skins. Panthera baikalensis-romanii proposed by a Russian scientist in 2000 was a dark brown snow leopard skin from

8245-663: Was also founded in 1954 and took part in the China League. They had the most championship wins in Chinese hockey. Harbin took their name from Harbin City and played out of the Harbin Ice Hockey Rink. They joined Asia League Ice Hockey in the 2004–2005 season. In their first season of 42 games they finished in seventh place with 26 points. They had seven wins, including two against the Nikko Ice Bucks. They scored 91 goals while allowing 225. Unlike Qiqihar, Harbin used import players on their team. Tomas Hruby finished sixth in

8342-399: Was changed to "Changchun Fuao" and they moved to Changchun , the future site of the 2007 Asian Winter Games . The league reduced the number of games played to 34. Changchun Fuao slid backwards from the previous season and only won two games. Both wins came against Hose, formerly Harbin, and they finished with six points. On December 3, Changchun was involved in a bench-clearing brawl against

8439-565: Was described in 2022 based on fossil material found in France that was dated to the early Middle Pleistocene around 0.57 to 0.53 million years ago . Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequence sampled across the living Felidae , the snow leopard forms a sister group with the tiger ( P. tigris ). The genetic divergence time of this group is estimated at 4.62 to 1.82 million years ago . The snow leopard and

8536-443: Was dissolved following the 2016–2017 season, leaving the just-created KHL club Kunlun Red Star as the premier ice hockey club in China. In Dragon's ten years of existence, they played 402 matches and won only 33 (21 in regulation, eight in overtime and four in shootouts) while losing 369 (349 in regulation and ten each in overtime and shootouts) for an .082 winning percentage. complete records for previous seasons *prior to

8633-586: Was in response to complaints from opponents of the Montreal Canadiens, who complained that Durnan left his crease to argue with the referee at strategic points during games, resulting in unscheduled timeouts. This rule is sometimes referred to as the "Durnan Rule." Although the Canucks appointed goaltender Roberto Luongo as team captain for the 2008–09 and 2009–10 seasons, since he could not be his team's official captain during games, Willie Mitchell

8730-531: Was injured on January 3, 1984, and Bellows became interim captain shortly thereafter in January 1984. ** Stan Smyl resigned as Canucks captain after the 1989–90 season. Trevor Linden, Dan Quinn , and Doug Lidster were named "Tri-Captain" for the 1990–91 season. Dan Quinn would be traded to the St. Louis Blues at the 1991 trade deadline, leaving Linden and Lidster as co-captains. Trevor Linden became sole captain for

8827-503: Was named the first permanent captain since the franchise's inception). During each NHL game, however, only one player can officially be designated as captain. Captains are usually veteran players, though on occasion younger players are chosen. The selection is often seen as an important moment for a team, and one that can affect the team's (and newly appointed captain's) performance. Captains are selected by different means: in some instances, teams have held votes among their players to choose

8924-530: Was previously the longest-tenured captain in NHL history from 1985–86 to 1999–00 , being co-captain for the first three seasons. Daniel Alfredsson holds the record as the longest-serving European captain serving for 14 years/13 seasons ( 1999–00 to 2012–13) as captain of the Ottawa Senators . Alfredsson's record was tied by Zdeno Chara , who served as the captain of the Boston Bruins also for 14 seasons between 2006–07 and 2019–20 . Brian Bellows

9021-710: Was renamed the China Dragon in 2009 when San Jose pulled out its financial backing. In the 2008–09 season, the Dragon was making limited progress: they won seven of their 36 contests, good enough for 23 points, three more than the last-place Nikkō Ice Bucks of Japan. In 2009–10, however, China managed only one win – the only victory the club would get in their next five seasons, a span of 192 matches. Dragon would compile an imperfect record in 2013–14, losing all 42 matches in regulation and being outscored 340–58. Dragon snapped their long losing streak on September 23, 2014, with

9118-576: Was the Hosa Skating Center . Of the 34 games that Hosa played they won six and finished in seventh place with 19 points, scoring 86 goals while allowing 188. They were swept by three of the four Japanese teams. With the departure of their Swedish imports, Hosa brought Tomas Hruby back to the roster. He led the team with 22 goals again finishing sixth in the league. Juri Hubacek finished sixth in assists with 35 and eight in points overall with 51. Hruby finished in eighth place with 50 points. For

9215-617: Was the first European-born and trained captain to lead an NHL team to the Stanley Cup Finals ( 2007 ), while Nicklas Lidstrom was the first captain born and trained in Europe to lead an NHL team to a Stanley Cup title ( 2008 ). Mark Messier was the first NHL player to win the Stanley Cup as captain of two different teams: the Edmonton Oilers in 1990 and the New York Rangers in 1994 . Sidney Crosby became

9312-501: Was the team leader with 13 goals and 18 points. Wang Dahai recorded 13 assists. After the previous year's strong showing in short handed goals, Harbin finished near the bottom with only 2. Harbin was sponsored by the Hosa sporting goods company in the 2006–2007 season. As part of the sponsorship deal the team moved to Beijing and changed their name to Hosa. It was announced that they would still play some home games in Harbin. Their new home

9409-588: Was the youngest captain in NHL history, serving as the interim captain of the Minnesota North Stars from January to May 1984, during Craig Hartsburg 's absence from the lineup, due to injury. The youngest permanent NHL captain in history is Connor McDavid , announced as captain by the Edmonton Oilers on October 5, 2016, at the age of 19 years and 266 days. Table Notes: † An exact date for Brian Bellows' interim captaincy has not yet been determined. The North Stars captain, Craig Hartsburg ,

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