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86-748: The torrent drains a large basin of about 640 km. Around 70% of it is in the Autonomous Province of Trento (about 440 km) and 30% (about 200 km) in the Province of Belluno in the Veneto region . The total length of Cismon is 53,2 km, about half of which is in the Trentino and Veneto. The Cismon originates near Rolle Pass (1,984 m s.l.m / 6,509 ft), just below the Cimon della Pala mountain peak (3,184 m / 10,446 ft). Here

172-760: A conference in anthropology held by the Wenner-Gren Foundation, at Burg Wartenstein Castle, which it then owned in Austria, attended by the same scholars that attended the Pan African Congress, including Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey , who was delivering a pilot presentation of her typological analysis of Early Stone Age tools, to be included in her 1971 contribution to Olduvai Gorge , "Excavations in Beds I and II, 1960–1963." However, although

258-420: A hammerstone to obtain large and small pieces with one or more sharp edges. The original stone is called a core; the resultant pieces, flakes. Typically, but not necessarily, small pieces are detached from a larger piece, in which case the larger piece may be called the core and the smaller pieces the flakes . The prevalent usage, however, is to call all the results flakes, which can be confusing. A split in half

344-782: A new Lower Paleolithic tool, the hand axe, appeared. The earliest European hand axes are assigned to the Abbevillian industry , which developed in northern France in the valley of the Somme River ; a later, more refined hand-axe tradition is seen in the Acheulian industry , evidence of which has been found in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Some of the earliest known hand axes were found at Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) in association with remains of H. erectus . Alongside

430-606: A separate Copper Age or Bronze Age. Moreover, the technologies included in those 'stages', as Goodwin called them, were not exactly the same. Since then, the original relative terms have become identified with the technologies of the Paleolithic and Mesolithic, so that they are no longer relative. Moreover, there has been a tendency to drop the comparative degree in favor of the positive: resulting in two sets of Early, Middle and Late Stone Ages of quite different content and chronologies. By voluntary agreement, archaeologists respect

516-786: A time known as the Copper Age (or more technically the Chalcolithic or Eneolithic, both meaning 'copper–stone'). The Chalcolithic by convention is the initial period of the Bronze Age. The Bronze Age was followed by the Iron Age . The transition out of the Stone Age occurred between 6000 and 2500  BC for much of humanity living in North Africa and Eurasia . The first evidence of human metallurgy dates to between

602-760: A total population of 524,826 (2010). There are 217 comuni (singular: comune ), in the province. The region is known for housing the Dolomites a mountainous Unesco World Heritage Site . The Marmolada , at 3,343 m (10,968 ft) above sea level, is the highest mountain in the Dolomites. The glacier on the Marmolada is also a landmark. Other notable mountains include the Kesselkogel Cermis , Crozzon di Brenta , Latemar , Piz Boè , and Vezzana . The highest mountain situated completely within

688-565: A wide range of techniques derived from multiple fields. The work of archaeologists in determining the paleocontext and relative sequence of the layers is supplemented by the efforts of geologic specialists in identifying layers of rock developed or deposited over geologic time; of paleontological specialists in identifying bones and animals; of palynologists in discovering and identifying pollen, spores and plant species; of physicists and chemists in laboratories determining ages of materials by carbon-14 , potassium-argon and other methods. The study of

774-459: Is a dialect of Ladin or a separate language. Native speakers are mainly found in the Sole Valley and are estimated to be up to 15,000. Both idioms are alternatively considered as dialects within the range of Gallo-Romance languages . There is no official census to date that has Nones and Solandro as officially distinct languages. The total number of Ladin speakers in the census of 2001 exceeds

860-437: Is a piece of land, in which mountain passes and elevated plains join hilly valleys and plains and in which different people and cultures join. Its history, but also the relatively insular geographic position of some valleys led to an extraordinary richness in culture and many customs and traditions that have been kept alive up to the present. Also some minority groups and gastronomic peculiarities have been preserved till now. In

946-444: Is an autonomous province of Italy in the country's far north . Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol , an autonomous region under the constitution. The province is composed of 166 comuni ( sg. : comune ). Its capital is the city of Trento (Trent). The province covers an area of more than 6,000 km (2,300 sq mi), with a total population of 541,098 in 2019. Trentino

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1032-535: Is associated with the remains of Neanderthal man . The earliest documented stone tools have been found in eastern Africa, manufacturers unknown, at the 3.3 million-year-old site of Lomekwi 3 in Kenya. Better known are the later tools belonging to an industry known as Oldowan , after the type site of Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. The tools were formed by knocking pieces off a river pebble, or stones like it, with

1118-542: Is called bipolar flaking. Consequently, the method is often called "core-and-flake". More recently, the tradition has been called "small flake" since the flakes were small compared to subsequent Acheulean tools . The essence of the Oldowan is the making and often immediate use of small flakes. Another naming scheme is "Pebble Core Technology (PBC)": Pebble cores are ... artifacts that have been shaped by varying amounts of hard-hammer percussion. Various refinements in

1204-703: Is crossed by the main road and rail connections between Italy and Germany . These include the Brenner A22 motorway and road which passes through the Etsch/Adige Valley. A regional project of switching much of the road traffic to railways is currently under consideration. The province has two more railways: the Valsugana Line, connecting Trento to Venice and the Trento-Malè-Marilleva railway between Trento and Malè . In 2019

1290-477: Is in the nature of this boundary. If there is no distinct boundary, then the population of A suddenly stopped using the customs characteristic of A and suddenly started using those of B, an unlikely scenario in the process of evolution . More realistically, a distinct border period, the A/B transition, existed, in which the customs of A were gradually dropped and those of B acquired. If transitions do not exist, then there

1376-621: Is no proof of any continuity between A and B. The Stone Age of Europe is characteristically in deficit of known transitions. The 19th and early 20th-century innovators of the modern three-age system recognized the problem of the initial transition, the "gap" between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic. Louis Leakey provided something of an answer by proving that man evolved in Africa. The Stone Age must have begun there to be carried repeatedly to Europe by migrant populations. The different phases of

1462-571: Is now considered to be a facies of Acheulean , while Sangoan is a facies of Lupemban . Magosian is "an artificial mix of two different periods". Once seriously questioned, the intermediates did not wait for the next Pan African Congress two years hence, but were officially rejected in 1965 (again on an advisory basis) by Burg Wartenstein Conference #29, Systematic Investigation of the African Later Tertiary and Quaternary ,

1548-586: Is possible to speak of a general 'Stone Age' period for the whole of humanity, some groups never developed metal- smelting technology, and so remained in the so-called 'Stone Age' until they encountered technologically developed cultures. The term was innovated to describe the archaeological cultures of Europe. It may not always be the best in relation to regions such as some parts of the Indies and Oceania, where farmers or hunter-gatherers used stone for tools until European colonisation began. Archaeologists of

1634-454: Is renowned for its mountains , such as the Dolomites , which are part of the Alps . The province is generally known as "Trentino". The name derives from Trento, the capital city of the province. Originally, the term was used by the local population only to refer to the city and its immediate surroundings. Under former Austrian rule, which began in the 19th century (previously, Trentino

1720-543: Is the highest elevation of the basin. Then, Cismon flows along the commune of Primiero and the valley of the same name and enters the Feltrino valley. Along the way, the Cismon receives the waters of several other streams: Continuing downstream, at the height of the village of Rocca d'Arsiè (hamlet of Arsiè), where the valley narrows again, a colossal dam erected in the late '50s by Enel for electro-irrigation purposes, bars

1806-574: Is to safeguard and promote the respective culture and languages. The Ladin minority is found in the Fassa Valley , in the municipalities of Canazei ( Cianacei ), Campitello di Fassa ( Ciampedèl ), Mazzin ( Mazin ), Moena , Soraga and Sèn Jan di Fassa . In the census of 2001, 16,462 inhabitants of Trentino declared Ladin as their native language. Mócheno is still spoken in the municipalities of Frassilongo ( Garait ), Palù del Fersina ( Palai en Bersntol ) and Fierozzo ( Vlarötz ), while

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1892-425: Is used to describe the period that followed the Stone Age, as well as to describe cultures that had developed techniques and technologies for working copper alloys (bronze: originally copper and arsenic, later copper and tin) into tools, supplanting stone in many uses. Stone Age artifacts that have been discovered include tools used by modern humans, by their predecessor species in the genus Homo , and possibly by

1978-648: The 6th and 5th millennia  BC in the archaeological sites of the Vinča culture , including Majdanpek , Jarmovac , Pločnik , Rudna Glava in modern-day Serbia. Ötzi the Iceman , a mummy from about 3300 BC, carried with him a copper axe and a flint knife. In some regions, such as Sub-Saharan Africa , the Stone Age was followed directly by the Iron Age. The Middle East and Southeast Asian regions progressed past Stone Age technology around 6000 BC. Europe, and

2064-684: The Brothers of Italy (5) Fugatti for Governor (4), the Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party (3), The Civic List (2) and the Fassa Association which provides this session's legally mandated seat for the province's Ladin minority (1). The centre-left alliance makes up most of the opposition, with 13 seats. This includes 7 seats for the Democratic Party , 4 seats for Campobase and one seat each for

2150-608: The Fauresmith and Sangoan technologies, and the Second Intermediate Period between Middle and Later, to encompass the Magosian technology and others. The chronologic basis for the definition was entirely relative. With the arrival of scientific means of finding an absolute chronology, the two intermediates turned out to be will-of-the-wisps . They were in fact Middle and Lower Paleolithic . Fauresmith

2236-477: The Greens and Left Alliance and Autonomy House . There was also a non-allied party, Wave, which won one seat. The executive powers are attributed to the provincial government (Italian: Giunta Provinciale ), headed by the governor ( Presidente ). Since 2018 the governor is Maurizio Fugatti . In 2023, Fugatti remained in power by receiving 51.8% of the vote for governor compared to 37.5% for Francesco Valduga of

2322-679: The Gruber-De Gasperi Agreement , creating the autonomous region of Trentino-South Tyrol, consisting of the autonomous provinces of Trentino and South Tyrol. Since the treaty, Trentino has enjoyed considerable autonomy from the Italian central government in Rome . It has its own elected government and legislative assembly. In 1996, the Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino was formed between

2408-614: The House of Habsburg-Lorraine . The region was the location of heavy fighting during World War I , as it was directly on the front lines between Austria-Hungary and Italy . Trentino was occupied by Italy in November 1918 and was annexed in 1919 by the Kingdom of Italy in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) . After World War II , the Italian and Austrian Foreign Ministers signed

2494-711: The Nordic ski 1991 , 2003 and 2013 , snowboarding 2001 and freestyle ski championship 2007 , as well as the Adamello Ski Raid and Marcialonga . The Tour de Ski has since 2007 had its conclusion in Val di Fiemme with the Final Climb stage up the alpine skiing course on Alpe Cermis . During the spring and summer, cycling is a big event in the region, such as the Giro del Trentino and Maratona dles Dolomites over

2580-590: The Val di Gresta ), and grapes . Important especially for their quality, the latter are used for the production of dry and sparkling wines . In January 2008, the Edmund Mach Foundation was established to promote research, training and services in the agricultural, agri-food and environmental fields. The primary industries, often small and medium-sized, are concentrated in Valsugana, Vallagarina and

2666-500: The geologic time scale : The succession of these phases varies enormously from one region (and culture ) to another. The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic (from Greek: παλαιός, palaios , "old"; and λίθος, lithos , "stone" lit. "old stone", coined by archaeologist John Lubbock and published in 1865) is the earliest division of the Stone Age. It covers the greatest portion of humanity's time (roughly 99% of "human technological history", where "human" and "humanity" are interpreted to mean

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2752-614: The Adige Valleys. Sectors include textiles, mechanics, wood and paper productions. Also important is the production of hydro-electric energy. Tourism is the mainstay of the provincial economy. The main resorts include: Madonna di Campiglio , San Martino di Castrozza , Fiera di Primiero , Canazei , Moena , Cavalese , Folgaria , Folgarida-Marilleva , Riva del Garda and Levico Terme , Comano Terme and Roncegno , these last three being renowned thermal stations. The unemployment rate stood at 3.8% in 2023. The Trentino province

2838-625: The Austrian state of Tyrol and the Italian provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino. The boundaries of the association correspond to the old County of Tyrol. The aim is to promote regional peace, understanding and cooperation in many areas. The region's assemblies meet together as one on various occasions and have set up a common liaison office to the European Union in Brussels . Trentino is a mountainous region. The Adige River flows through

2924-572: The Brenta River, just upstream of the town of Cismon del Grappa . The flow rate of the Cismon is not much less than that of the Brenta , of which it can be considered the upper branch. In 589 A.D., following a devastating flood, the Cismon changed its basin, passing from the Piave basin, the river into which it flowed between Artèn (hamlet of Fonzaso) and Caupo (hamlet of Seren del Grappa) through

3010-579: The Cimbrian language is spoken in Luserna ( Lusérn ). The 2001 census found there were 2,276 native Mócheno and 882 Cimbrian speakers. The linguistic breakdown according to the census of 2001 is: The Nones language hails from the Non Valley and is considered by some linguists a variant of Ladin. Estimates range up to 30,000 speakers. The Solandro language is also under debate as to whether it

3096-569: The Italian Volleyball League without interruption since 2000, while Aquila Trento is a basketball team in the Italian top league. Stone Age Paleolithic Epipalaeolithic Mesolithic Neolithic The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make stone tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted for roughly 3.4 million years and ended between 4000 BC and 2000 BC, with

3182-592: The Nile valley. Consequently, they proposed a new system for Africa, the Three-stage System. Clark regarded the Three-age System as valid for North Africa; in sub-Saharan Africa, the Three-stage System was best. In practice, the failure of African archaeologists either to keep this distinction in mind, or to explain which one they mean, contributes to the considerable equivocation already present in

3268-521: The Stone Age ended in a given area. In Europe and North America, millstones were in use until well into the 20th century, and still are in many parts of the world. The terms "Stone Age", "Bronze Age", and "Iron Age" are not intended to suggest that advancements and time periods in prehistory are only measured by the type of tool material, rather than, for example, social organization , food sources exploited, adaptation to climate, adoption of agriculture, cooking, settlement , and religion. Like pottery ,

3354-407: The Stone Age has never been limited to stone tools and archaeology, even though they are important forms of evidence. The chief focus of study has always been on the society and the living people who belonged to it. Useful as it has been, the concept of the Stone Age has its limitations. The date range of this period is ambiguous, disputed, and variable, depending upon the region in question. While it

3440-649: The Stone Age thus could appear there without transitions. The burden on African archaeologists became all the greater, because now they must find the missing transitions in Africa. The problem is difficult and ongoing. After its adoption by the First Pan African Congress in 1947, the Three-Stage Chronology was amended by the Third Congress in 1955 to include a First Intermediate Period between Early and Middle, to encompass

3526-466: The Stone Age. In Sub-Saharan Africa, however, iron-working technologies were either invented independently or came across the Sahara from the north (see iron metallurgy in Africa ). The Neolithic was characterized primarily by herding societies rather than large agricultural societies, and although there was copper metallurgy in Africa as well as bronze smelting, archaeologists do not currently recognize

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3612-416: The Trentino borders is Presanella . The highest point is Monte Cevedale , located on the border with the Province of Sondrio . The 1972 second Statute of Autonomy for Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol devolved most legislative and executive competences from the regional level to the provincial level, creating de facto two separate regions. Administratively, the province enjoys a large degree of autonomy in

3698-471: The administrative name of the province is autonomous province of Trento (Italian: provincia autonoma di Trento ; German: Autonome Provinz Trient ). The history of Trentino begins in the mid- Stone Age . The valleys of what is now Trentino were already inhabited by man, the main settlements being in the valley of the Adige River , thanks to its milder climate. In the early Middle Ages, this area

3784-432: The advent of metalworking . It therefore represents nearly 99.3% of human history. Though some simple metalworking of malleable metals, particularly the use of gold and copper for purposes of ornamentation, was known in the Stone Age, it is the melting and smelting of copper that marks the end of the Stone Age. In Western Asia , this occurred by about 3000 BC, when bronze became widespread. The term Bronze Age

3870-572: The central Trentino in a valley named after the river. The principal towns of Trentino lie in the Adige Valley, which has been a historical passage connecting Italy with Northern Europe. Among other important valleys are Non Valley , known for its apple production, Sole Valley , Giudicarie , which has been historically connected by Trento and Brescia , Fiemme and Fassa , Lagarina , Mocheni , Sugana Valley and many others. The province has an area of 6,214 km (2,399 sq mi), and

3956-419: The centre-left coalition and about 10% for candidates aligned with neither major coalition. In addition to serving as the legislative body for the province, the members of the council also combine with South Tyrol's council to form the regional council of Trentino-South Tyrol . Trentino's governor alternates with the governor of South Tyrol as president of the region. The regional government has its seat in

4042-411: The course of the Cismon retaining all the flow in conditions of low flow of the river. The dam gives rise to the artificial Corlo Lake, whose waters continue moving through the narrow Incino Valley. The waters of the Cismon and its tributaries are exploited to power several other hydroelectric plants. Finally, once passed the narrow gorge, the torrent flows with a tortuous path until the confluence with

4128-540: The decisions of the Pan-African Congress on Prehistory , which meets every four years to resolve the archaeological business brought before it. Delegates are actually international; the organization takes its name from the topic. Louis Leakey hosted the first one in Nairobi in 1947. It adopted Goodwin and Lowe's 3-stage system at that time, the stages to be called Early, Middle and Later. The problem of

4214-587: The devolution of power to regional authorities, a change in policy slowly began, which gained momentum in the 1990s. Since then a number of far-reaching laws and regulations have been passed and implemented, that protect and promote the use of these three languages and the unique cultural heritage and identity. This has for example been extended to school curricula in the regional languages and street signs becoming bilingual. All three minorities have their own cultural institute which were decreed by national law and receive state funds. The purpose of these cultural institutes

4300-496: The discovery of these "Lomekwian" tools, the oldest known stone tools had been found at several sites at Gona, Ethiopia , on sediments of the paleo- Awash River , which serve to date them. All the tools come from the Busidama Formation, which lies above a disconformity , or missing layer, which would have been from 2.9 to 2.7  mya . The oldest sites discovered to contain tools are dated to 2.6–2.55 mya. One of

4386-402: The earlier partly contemporaneous genera Australopithecus and Paranthropus . Bone tools have been discovered that were used during this period as well but these are rarely preserved in the archaeological record . The Stone Age is further subdivided by the types of stone tools in use. The Stone Age is the first period in the three-age system frequently used in archaeology to divide

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4472-548: The early Stone Age, when species prior to Homo may have manufactured tools. According to the age and location of the current evidence, the cradle of the genus is the East African Rift System, especially toward the north in Ethiopia , where it is bordered by grasslands . The closest relative among the other living primates , the genus Pan , represents a branch that continued on in the deep forest, where

4558-400: The first to transition away from hunter-gatherer societies into the settled lifestyle of inhabiting towns and villages as agriculture became widespread . In the chronology of prehistory, the Neolithic era usually overlaps with the Chalcolithic ("Copper") era preceding the Bronze Age. The Stone Age is contemporaneous with the evolution of the genus Homo , with the possible exception of

4644-549: The following sectors: health, education, welfare and transport infrastructure. The provincial council comprises 35 members, one of whom must by law be drawn from the Ladin minority. In the elections in 2023 , the centre-right coalition won 21 of 35 seats in the province's council. These 21 seats were distributed between the Trentino League with 6 seats (including the provincial governor ("presidente") Maurizio Fugatti ),

4730-579: The former Hotel Imperial in Trento. Due to the division of the province into the 217 municipalities ( Comuni/Gemeinden ), often of small or even tiny size, in the late 1970s, eleven larger units known as districts ( comprensori ) were introduced. The municipalities forming a district elect the council for that district. However, this tier of government has provoked criticism, and, in 2006, a reform created fifteen more homogeneous "Valley Communities" ( comunità di valle , Talgemeinden ) and one territory including

4816-731: The genus Homo ), extending from 2.5 or 2.6 million years ago, with the first documented use of stone tools by hominins such as Homo habilis , to the end of the Pleistocene around 10,000 BC. The Paleolithic era ended with the Mesolithic , or in areas with an early neolithisation , the Epipaleolithic . At sites dating from the Lower Paleolithic Period (about 2,500,000 to 200,000 years ago), simple pebble tools have been found in association with

4902-464: The grasslands of the rift, Homo erectus , the predecessor of modern humans, found an ecological niche as a tool-maker and developed a dependence on it, becoming a "tool-equipped savanna dweller". The oldest indirect evidence found of stone tool use is fossilised animal bones with tool marks; these are 3.4 million years old and were found in the Lower Awash Valley in Ethiopia. Archaeological discoveries in Kenya in 2015, identifying what may be

4988-405: The hand-axe tradition, there developed a distinct and very different stone-tool industry, based on flakes of stone: special tools were made from worked (carefully shaped) flakes of flint. In Europe, the Clactonian industry is one example of a flake tradition. The early flake industries probably contributed to the development of the Middle Paleolithic flake tools of the Mousterian industry , which

5074-433: The intermediate periods were gone, the search for the transitions continued. In 1859 Jens Jacob Worsaae first proposed a division of the Stone Age into older and younger parts based on his work with Danish kitchen middens that began in 1851. In the subsequent decades this simple distinction developed into the archaeological periods of today. The major subdivisions of the Three-age Stone Age cross two epoch boundaries on

5160-453: The journal Annals of the South African Museum . By then, the dates of the Early Stone Age, or Paleolithic , and Late Stone Age, or Neolithic ( neo = new), were fairly solid and were regarded by Goodwin as absolute. He therefore proposed a relative chronology of periods with floating dates, to be called the Earlier and Later Stone Age. The Middle Stone Age would not change its name, but it would not mean Mesolithic . The duo thus reinvented

5246-638: The late 19th and early 20th centuries CE, who adapted the three-age system to their ideas, hoped to combine cultural anthropology and archaeology in such a way that a specific contemporaneous tribe could be used to illustrate the way of life and beliefs of the people exercising a particular Stone-Age technology. As a description of people living today, the term Stone Age is controversial. The Association of Social Anthropologists discourages this use, asserting: To describe any living group as 'primitive' or 'Stone Age' inevitably implies that they are living representatives of some earlier stage of human development that

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5332-462: The literature. There are in effect two Stone Ages, one part of the Three-age and the other constituting the Three-stage. They refer to one and the same artifacts and the same technologies, but vary by locality and time. The three-stage system was proposed in 1929 by Astley John Hilary Goodwin, a professional archaeologist, and Clarence van Riet Lowe , a civil engineer and amateur archaeologist, in an article titled "Stone Age Cultures of South Africa" in

5418-420: The majority of humankind has left behind. In the 1920s, South African archaeologists organizing the stone tool collections of that country observed that they did not fit the newly detailed Three-Age System. In the words of J. Desmond Clark : It was early realized that the threefold division of culture into Stone, Bronze and Iron Ages adopted in the nineteenth century for Europe had no validity in Africa outside

5504-403: The most striking circumstances about these sites is that they are from the Late Pliocene , where prior to their discovery tools were thought to have evolved only in the Pleistocene . Excavators at the locality point out that: ... the earliest stone tool makers were skilled flintknappers  ... The possible reasons behind this seeming abrupt transition from the absence of stone tools to

5590-424: The mountain passes. Cross country racing such as the Cross della Vallagarina and the 10-kilometre road running competition Giro al Sas also take place. Association football is a popular ball sport in Trentino. Teams within the region are U.S. Alta Vallagarina , A.C. Mezzocorona , A.S.D. Porfido Albiano and Trento Calcio 1921 . Trentino Volley is a professional Italian volleyball team. It has played in

5676-401: The municipalities of Trento , Cimone , Aldeno and Garniga Terme (see Municipalities of Trentino ). As of 2009, the only municipalities with a population over 20,000 were Trento, Rovereto , and Pergine Valsugana . The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 25.5 billion euros in 2023, accounting for 1.2% of Italy's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power

5762-410: The oldest evidence of hominin use of tools known to date, have indicated that Kenyanthropus platyops (a 3.2 to 3.5-million-year-old Pliocene hominin fossil discovered in Lake Turkana, Kenya, in 1999) may have been the earliest tool-users known. The oldest stone tools were excavated from the site of Lomekwi 3 in West Turkana , northwestern Kenya, and date to 3.3 million years old. Prior to

5848-527: The population of Trentino was 541,098. The highest concentration of the population is located around the capital city of Trento, and the southern parts. The whole region is divided up into 175 municipalities. The majority of the Trentino population is Italian -speaking with its local dialects. The region is also home to three indigenous linguistic minorities, which are Ladin , Mócheno and Cimbrian . All languages are protected by regional and provincial laws, statutes, and regulations. After World War II and

5934-401: The population of around 7,500 in the Fassa Valley. A number of Nones and Solandro speakers identified as Ladin speakers, while others chose not to exercise that option due to the disagreement whether or not their languages are Ladin or a separate idiom. The Trentino is a region of cultural encounters. Already in the past Germans , Italians and Ladins joined in this area. The alpine province

6020-468: The presence thereof include ... gaps in the geological record. The species that made the Pliocene tools remains unknown. Fragments of Australopithecus garhi , Australopithecus aethiopicus , and Homo , possibly Homo habilis , have been found in sites near the age of the Gona tools. In July 2018, scientists reported the discovery in China of the known oldest stone tools outside Africa, estimated at 2.12 million years old. Innovation in

6106-437: The present Stizzon stream, to that of the Brenta. The upper course of the Cismon is the only stream in Trentino that has waters in the first quality class according to the extended biotic index (IBE). It is excellent for the practice of sport fishing. Autonomous Province of Trento Trentino ( Italian : Provincia autonoma di Trento ; Ladin : Provinzia Autonoma de Trent ; German : Autonome Provinz Trient )

6192-581: The primates evolved. The rift served as a conduit for movement into southern Africa and also north down the Nile into North Africa and through the continuation of the rift in the Levant to the vast grasslands of Asia. Starting from about 4 million years ago ( mya ) a single biome established itself from South Africa through the rift, North Africa, and across Asia to modern China. This has been called "transcontinental 'savannahstan ' " recently. Starting in

6278-522: The promotion of German-speaking minorities mòchene and Cimbre. In the region there are numerous castles. With the financial aid of province, some of them could be restored and are now open to the public. Here the most important: The region offers many opportunities for mountain climbing and trekking and winter sports . Important winter events are the world championships organised by the International Ski Federation (FSI) such as

6364-605: The remains of what may have been the earliest human ancestors. A somewhat more sophisticated Lower Paleolithic tradition, known as the Chopper chopping tool industry, is widely distributed in the Eastern Hemisphere. This tradition is thought to have been the work of the hominin species named Homo erectus . Although no such fossil tools have yet been found, it is believed that H. erectus probably made tools of wood and bone as well as stone. About 700,000 years ago,

6450-487: The rest of Asia became post-Stone Age societies by about 4000 BC. The proto-Inca cultures of South America continued at a Stone Age level until around 2000 BC, when gold, copper, and silver made their entrance. The peoples of the Americas notably did not develop a widespread behavior of smelting bronze or iron after the Stone Age period, although the technology existed. Stone tool manufacture continued even after

6536-486: The scientific study of the lithic reduction of the raw materials and methods used to make the prehistoric artifacts that are discovered. Much of this study takes place in the laboratory in the presence of various specialists. In experimental archaeology , researchers attempt to create replica tools, to understand how they were made. Flintknappers are craftsmen who use sharp tools to reduce flintstone to flint tool . In addition to lithic analysis, field prehistorians use

6622-461: The technique of smelting ore is regarded as the end of the Stone Age and the beginning of the Bronze Age . The first highly significant metal manufactured was bronze , an alloy of copper and tin or arsenic , each of which was smelted separately. The transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age was a period during which modern people could smelt copper, but did not yet manufacture bronze,

6708-465: The territory of the province there are numerous museums, which have had significant development over the last twenty years by the financial resources of the province. Among the main ones: Also worthy of note are the cultural institutes and museums dedicated to the three minorities of the province, the Istitut cultural Ladin "majon di fascegn" in Val di Fassa and the "Kulturinstitut Bersntol - Lusérn" for

6794-533: The timeline of human technological prehistory into functional periods, with the next two being the Bronze Age and the Iron Age , respectively. The Stone Age is also commonly divided into three distinct periods: the earliest and most primitive being the Paleolithic era; a transitional period with finer tools known as the Mesolithic era; and the final stage known as the Neolithic era. Neolithic peoples were

6880-450: The transitions in archaeology is a branch of the general philosophic continuity problem, which examines how discrete objects of any sort that are contiguous in any way can be presumed to have a relationship of any sort. In archaeology, the relationship is one of causality . If Period B can be presumed to descend from Period A, there must be a boundary between A and B, the A–B boundary. The problem

6966-472: The typology of the stone tools combined with the relative sequence of the types in various regions provide a chronological framework for the evolution of humanity and society. They serve as diagnostics of date, rather than characterizing the people or the society. Lithic analysis is a major and specialised form of archaeological investigation. It involves the measurement of stone tools to determine their typology, function and technologies involved. It includes

7052-498: Was 37,900 euros or 126% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 119% of the EU average. Despite the overwhelmingly mountainous nature of the territory, agriculture remains important. Farms often join to form larger cooperatives. The most important produce comprises apples (50% of national production, together with South Tyrol) and other fruit, vegetables (primarily in

7138-405: Was governed by the local bishop), the common German name for the region was Welschtirol ( lit.   ' Walhaz , meaning Foreign Tyrol ' ) or Welschsüdtirol ( lit.   ' Walhaz/Foreign South Tyrol ' ), or just Südtirol , meaning South Tyrol with reference to its geographic position as the southern part of Tyrol. The corresponding Italian name was Tirolo Meridionale , which

7224-536: Was historically used to describe the wider southern part of the County of Tyrol, specifically Trentino and sometimes also today's South Tyrol, or Tirolo Italiano . In its wider sense, Trentino was first used around 1848 in an article by a member of the Frankfurt National Assembly ; it became a popular term among leftist intellectual circles in Austria. Since the new 1972 autonomous status,

7310-705: Was included within the Kingdom of Italy and the March of Verona . In 1027, the Bishopric of Trent was established as a State of the Holy Roman Empire by Emperor Conrad II . It was an ecclesiastical territory, roughly corresponding to the present-day Trentino, governed by the Prince-Bishops of Trento. The Council of Trent , held in three major sessions from 1545 to 1563, with the first at Trento,

7396-739: Was one of the important councils in the history of the Roman Catholic Church . It was an articulation of Roman Catholic doctrine in response to the Protestant Reformation , and specified doctrine on salvation, the sacraments, and the Biblical canon. After the Napoleonic Wars of the early 19th century, the bishopric was secularized and absorbed into the Austrian County of Tyrol . It was governed by

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