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46-778: The Amsterdam Museum , known until 2010 as the Amsterdam Historical Museum, is an Amsterdam-based museum dedicated to the city's past and present. Due to the renovation of its main location, the museum is temporarily located in the building the Amstelhof on the Amstel River , together with H'ART Museum and the dependence of the Museum van de Geest . The museum opened in 1926 in the Waag , one of Amsterdam's 15th-century city gates. It has been located since 1975 in

92-707: A considerable role in the cabinet formation process ; notably she appointed the informateur and formateur , the person who leads the negotiations that ultimately lead to the formation of a government. However, this was changed in 2012, and now the largest party in the States General appoints a "scout" who then appoints an informateur . Beatrix was included in Andy Warhol 's portrait series in 1985 as one of four Reigning Queens , along with queens Ntfombi of Eswatini , Margrethe II of Denmark and Elizabeth II of

138-464: A former convent that was used from 1581 onwards as Amsterdam's municipal orphanage. The building was extended by Hendrick and his son Pieter de Keyser , then rebuilt by Jacob van Campen in 1634. The orphanage operated in this building until 1960. The museum exhibits various items related to the history of Amsterdam, from the Middle Ages to the present time. Many of the original furnishings of

184-488: A monarch, Beatrix had weekly meetings with the prime minister. She signed all new Acts of Parliament and royal decrees, and until a constitutional change late in her reign, appointed the informateur , an official who is responsible for chairing coalition talks in the formation of new governments. At the state opening of parliament each September, she made a Speech from the Throne, in which the government announced its plans for

230-515: A playable carillon , a Witkar (environment-friendly vehicle from the 1960s) and a replica of Café 't Mandje (a famous pub in the Red-light district where prostitutes, pimps, seamen and lesbian women came together). Amstelhof The Amstelhof (English: Amstel court ), was a retirement home that is the H'ART Museum . It was built near the Amstel river in 1682 by the diaconate of

276-599: A rare honorary doctorate from Leiden University , an honour the Queen does not usually accept. In her acceptance speech she reflected on the monarchy and her own 25 years as Queen. The speech was broadcast live. On 29 and 30 April 2005, she celebrated the 25th anniversary of her reign . She was interviewed on Dutch television, was offered a concert on Dam Square in Amsterdam , and a celebration took place in The Hague ,

322-520: A smoke bomb at the Golden Coach , resulting in a street battle with the police . As time went on, Prince Claus became one of the most popular members of the Dutch monarchy , and his death in 2002 was widely mourned. On 25 November 1975, Beatrix and Prince Claus attended the independence ceremony of Suriname , held in the new nation's capital, Paramaribo , representing her mother the Queen. As

368-544: Is a member of the Dutch royal house who reigned as Queen of the Netherlands from 1980 until her abdication in 2013. Beatrix was born during the reign of her maternal grandmother, Queen Wilhelmina , and became heiress presumptive upon the accession of her mother, Queen Juliana , in 1948. Beatrix attended a public primary school in Canada during World War II , and then finished her primary and secondary education in

414-888: The Council of State . The same year her studies at Leiden University began. In her first years at the university, she studied sociology , jurisprudence , economics , parliamentary history and constitutional law . In the course of her studies she also attended lectures on the cultures of Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles , the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands , international affairs , international law , history and European law . The princess also visited various European and international organisations in Geneva , Strasbourg , Paris , and Brussels . She

460-526: The Dutch Reformed Church after having received an inheritance of the rich merchant Barent Helleman . He died on 18 October 1680 and left approximately 90,000 guilders to the church. The city of Amsterdam donated the land on which it was built. The building was designed by city architect Hans van Petersom . It has a classical style facade on the Amstel with a length 102 m, at the time

506-968: The Stornoway residence (now the residence of the Leader of the Opposition in the Parliament of Canada). With bodyguards and ladies in waiting, the family summered at Bigwin Inn on Lake of Bays, Ontario , where four private stone cottages of the resort served as their retreat. While on Bigwin Island , the constitution of the Netherlands was stored in the safe of Bigwin Inn's rotunda building. Princess Juliana and her family were remembered for their "down to earth" friendliness, general gratefulness and great reverence for their homeland and people, to whom they paid homage by refraining from all luxuries offered to guests at

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552-639: The gold state carriage . The civil ceremony was conducted by the Mayor of Amsterdam, Gijsbert van Hall , at Amsterdam City Hall. The marriage blessing took place in the Westerkerk, conducted by the Rev. Hendrik Jan Kater, with a sermon by the Rev. Johannes Hendrik Sillevis Smitt. The royal couple had three sons. They lived at Drakensteyn Castle in Lage Vuursche with their children until Beatrix ascended

598-629: The German Foreign Office. There was a massive protest on their wedding day in Amsterdam on 10 March 1966. Prince Claus had served in the Hitler Youth and the Wehrmacht and therefore was easily associated with German Nazism . Protests included slogans like " Claus 'raus! " (Claus out!) and " Mijn fiets terug " ("Return my bicycle" – a reference to German soldiers confiscating Dutch bicycles during WWII). A group of Provos threw

644-427: The Netherlands in the post-war period. In 1961, she received her law degree from Leiden University . In 1966, Beatrix married Claus von Amsberg , a German diplomat, with whom she had three children. When her mother abdicated on 30 April 1980, Beatrix succeeded her as queen. Beatrix's reign saw the country's Caribbean possessions reshaped with Aruba 's secession and becoming its own constituent country within

690-641: The States General at a ceremony held in the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam later that day. Beatrix's constitutional duties included those typically accorded to a head of state ; this includes having to sign every piece of legislation before it becomes law, formally appointing various officials, receiving and accrediting ambassadors, and awarding honours and medals, among others. Outside of these constitutional duties, her other informal roles included being

736-603: The United Kingdom . On 1 January 1986, Aruba seceded from the Netherlands Antilles and became a separate constituent country in the Dutch Kingdom. On 6 October 2002, the Queen's husband, Prince Claus , died after a long illness. A year and a half later her mother died after long suffering from senile dementia , while her father succumbed to cancer in December 2004. On 8 February 2005, Beatrix received

782-417: The assailant Tates later died. Other victims of the crash were critically hurt. One week after the attack, another victim succumbed to the injuries he had sustained. The royal party was unharmed, but the Queen and members of her family saw the crash at close range. Within hours, Beatrix made a rare televised address to express her shock and condolences. The man reportedly told police he was deliberately targeting

828-467: The birthday of her eldest daughter and heiress presumptive, Queen Juliana announced during a live television speech that she wished to abdicate on 30 April in favor of her daughter Beatrix. That Beatrix would succeed her mother as queen was not a matter of course when she was born. It was not until 1983 that the Constitution was amended in such a way that the eldest child of the head of state becomes

874-419: The bride's youngest sister, Princess Christina of the Netherlands ; Princess Christina of Sweden ; Lady Elizabeth Anson ; Joanna Roëll; Eugénie Loudon; and the bridegroom's sister, Christina von Amsberg. The junior bridesmaids were Daphne Stewart-Clark and Carolijn Alting von Geusau, with page boys Joachim Jencquel and Markus von Oeynhausen-Sierstorpff. The royal couple travelled to the ceremony together in

920-472: The city orphanage are on display, as are artifacts relating to the Rasp house , the former house of correction in Amsterdam where the prisoners were forced to rasp wood to make sawdust. As of 2011, the museum manages 70,000 objects kept in various buildings and storage areas. Of those, approximately 25,000 have been photographed and are available to the public online. To celebrate the change of their name (dropping

966-720: The coming parliamentary year. As Queen, she was president of the Council of State. Her role was largely ceremonial and as a focus of national unity, she did not make legislative or executive decisions. Beatrix is a member of the Bilderberg Group . On 28 June 1965, the engagement of Princess Beatrix to the German diplomat Claus von Amsberg was announced. Claus and Beatrix had met at the wedding-eve party of Princess Tatjana of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse , in summer 1964. After Parliament consented to

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1012-411: The completion of her signature, she was no longer monarch. The inauguration of Willem-Alexander as king took place that afternoon in the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam. In 2009, Forbes estimated her wealth at US$ 300 million. Beatrix continues to undertake some royal duties and is a patron of many organisations. She lives in the small moated Drakensteyn Castle near the village of Lage Vuursche, and

1058-631: The country's seat of government. On 31 May 2006 the 6th Polish Air Assault Brigade would receive the Militaire Willemsorde der 4e klasse in The Hague. Beatrix was to tie the prestigious medal to the standard of the incumbents of the 1st Independent Polish Parachute Brigade . On 10 October 2010, the Netherlands Antilles were formally dissolved . The new municipalities of Bonaire , Sint Eustatius , and Saba and

1104-462: The crowd of people at a flea market in the Jordaan . When Beatrix walked alongside Rijkers he said "Give me a kiss, girl", after which he gave her a hug and two kisses. It received wide media attention and appeared to be a historic moment. An image of this scene was published in large on the front page of De Telegraaf . Even 25 years later in 2013, NRC Handelsblad wrote an article about it and

1150-415: The door the original name "Diaconate Old Women's Home anno 1681" ( Dutch : Diaconie Oude Vrouwen Huys anno 1681 ) is written. At its opening in 1682 the home accommodated 400 ladies. Men weren't allowed until 1817. In order to qualify, women had to be at least 50 years of age, a resident of Amsterdam for 15 years and member of the church for 10 years. After more than three centuries as retirement home,

1196-707: The first names of her grandmothers, Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands and Armgard, Princess Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld . When Beatrix was one year old, in 1939, her younger sister Princess Irene was born. World War II broke out in the Netherlands on 10 May 1940 ( Westfeldzug ). On 13 May, the Dutch Royal Family evacuated to London , United Kingdom. One month later, Beatrix went to Ottawa , Ontario, Canada, with her mother Juliana and her sister Irene, while her father Bernhard and maternal grandmother Queen Wilhelmina remained in London. The family lived at

1242-554: The highest representative of the kingdom internationally and to be a unifying figure locally. Beatrix was rarely quoted directly in the press during her reign, for the government information service ( Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst ) made it a condition of interviews that she should not be quoted. This policy was introduced shortly after her inauguration, reportedly to protect her from political complications that might arise from "off-the-cuff" remarks. It did not apply to her son Prince Willem-Alexander . Throughout much of her reign, Beatrix had

1288-456: The impact of it. The reaction of the Queen was seen by people as very positive and was a boost for her reputation in the "Jordaan" region of Amsterdam. The visit was promoted as a "spontaneous visit" to boost her popularity as she was not very popular in the region. Historian and Dutch royalty watcher J. G. Kikkert said in a lecture that the kiss had been staged, based on what he called "usually very reliable sources". He also noted that although

1334-430: The kingdom in 1986. This was followed by the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010, which created the new special municipalities of Bonaire , Sint Eustatius , and Saba , and the two new constituent countries of Curaçao and Sint Maarten . On Koninginnedag ( Queen's Day ), 30 April 2013, Beatrix abdicated in favour of her eldest son, Willem-Alexander . At the time of her abdication at age 75, Beatrix

1380-789: The last inhabitants left in 2007 to two new properties in Diemen and Nieuw-Vennep . Despite various modifications over the years, it no longer met current standards. Between 2007 and 2009 the building was extensively remodelled to become a museum, the H'ART Museum. The museum was opened on 20 June 2009 by Dutch Queen Beatrix and Russian president Dmitry Medvedev . Beatrix of the Netherlands Princess Beatrix * Princess Margriet * Professor Pieter van Vollenhoven * Beatrix (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbeːjaːtrɪks ˌʋɪlɦɛlˈminaː ˈʔɑr(ə)mɡɑrt] ; born 31 January 1938)

1426-408: The legal heir to the throne. Until then, it had been arranged that the eldest son always had priority over a daughter. Only after Juliana was biologically unable to have more children, Beatrix was certain that she was the intended successor. On 30 April 1980, Beatrix became the monarch when her mother abdicated. She was sworn in and inaugurated as monarch during a joint session of the two chambers of

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1472-420: The longest facade of Amsterdam. It has a symmetric map with a large courtyard . Around two secondary courtyard lie wings with rooms for the ladies: the chambrettes . The centrally located monumental entrance leads to a fake door . The mayors at the time found an entrance with steps a necessity for a building of such stature. Directly behind the door is the church hall, which could not serve as entrance. Above

1518-577: The marriage, Claus von Amsberg became a Dutch citizen, and upon his marriage became Prince Claus of the Netherlands, Jonkheer van Amsberg. Beatrix married Claus von Amsberg on 10 March 1966 in civil and religious ceremonies. The bride wore a traditional gown with train in duchesse silk satin, designed by Caroline Bergé-Farwick of Maison Linette, in Den Bosch, and the Württemberg Ornate Pearl Tiara. The senior bridesmaids were

1564-424: The new constituent countries of Curaçao and Sint Maarten were established in its place. The dissolution ceremony in the Netherlands Antilles' capital, Willemstad , was attended by the then- Prince and Princess of Orange , Willem-Alexander and his wife Máxima , representing the Queen. During 1988 Queen's Day , Queen Beatrix was kissed by a bystander, later identified as Maarten Rijkers, when she walked through

1610-534: The resort that was once billed as the largest and most luxurious summer resort in Canada. To provide them with a greater sense of security, culinary chefs and staff catered to personal orders at meal time. Upon their departure, the hotel musicians of the Bigwin Inn Orchestra assembled dockside; and at every public performance afterward through to the end of World War II, the Wilhelmus was played. In

1656-501: The royal family. In a broadcast on national media on 28 January 2013, Beatrix announced her intention to abdicate on 30 April ( Queen's Day ), when she would have been on the throne for exactly 33 years. Beatrix stated that it was time to "place the responsibility for the country in the hands of a new generation." Her heir apparent was her eldest son, Prince Willem-Alexander. She was the third successive Dutch monarch to abdicate, following her grandmother and her mother. The broadcast

1702-592: The throne. In 1981, they moved into Huis ten Bosch Palace in The Hague. From the 1970s, Beatrix began to prepare more intensively for her future position as head of state. She made many trips abroad with Prince Claus, including a controversial one to the Soviet Union. After the Lockheed affair , Beatrix and Claus began to delve into the royal household and made plans to adapt it. In addition, they asked advisers to prepare for Beatrix's reign. On 31 January 1980,

1748-503: The visit and the kiss might not have been her idea, but that of others, she certainly would have given her approval as she was known not to leave things to chance. On 30 April 2009, the Queen and other members of the royal family were targeted in a car attack by a man named Karst Tates. Tates crashed his Suzuki Swift into a parade in Apeldoorn , narrowly missing a bus carrying the Queen. Five people were killed instantly. Two victims and

1794-506: The word "Historical") and the 10th anniversary of Misplaced Pages on January 15, 2011, the museum "gave" Misplaced Pages a USB stick with the online photo collection to symbolize the public release of their high quality digital photographs made of their collection. This includes all two-dimensional objects that were already free of copyright, but new is the set photos of three-dimensional art. The museum has on display paintings, models, archeological findings, photographs, but also less likely items such as

1840-586: The years following the shuttering and neglect of the island resort, the "Juliana" cottages were well maintained and preserved in an informal tribute to Princess Juliana and her family. In thanks for the protection of her and her daughters, Princess Juliana established the custom of delivery to the Canadian government every spring of tulips, which is the centrepiece of the Canadian Tulip Festival . The second sister of Beatrix, Princess Margriet ,

1886-509: Was Gertrude Büringh Boekhoudt  [ nl ] , who remained a close confidant until Büringh Boekhoudt's death in 1982. In 1954, Beatrix served as a bridesmaid at the wedding of Baroness van Randwijck and Mr. T Boey. On 31 January 1956, Beatrix celebrated her 18th birthday. From that date, under the Constitution of the Netherlands, she was entitled to assume the Royal Prerogative . At that time, her mother installed her in

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1932-636: Was also an active member of the VVSL (Female Union for Students in Leiden), now called L.S.V. Minerva, after merging with the Leidsch Studenten Corps (which before then was male-only). In the summer of 1959, she passed her preliminary examination in law, and she obtained her law degree in July 1961. In 1965, Beatrix became engaged to the German aristocrat Claus von Amsberg , a diplomat working for

1978-548: Was born in 1947. On 6 September 1948, her mother succeeded her grandmother Wilhelmina as Queen of the Netherlands. Since she had no brothers, Beatrix became the heiress presumptive to the Dutch throne at the age of ten. In April 1950, Princess Beatrix entered the Incrementum, a part of Baarnsch Lyceum, where, in 1956, she passed her school graduation examinations in the subjects of arts and classics. Her tutor from April 1951

2024-606: Was born in Ottawa in 1943. During their exile in Canada, Beatrix attended nursery and Rockcliffe Park Public School , a primary school where she was known as "Trixie Orange". On 5 May 1945, the German troops in the Netherlands surrendered. The family returned to the Netherlands on 2 August 1945. Beatrix went to the progressive primary school De Werkplaats in Bilthoven run by pacifist social reformers Kees Boeke and Beatrice Boeke-Cadbury . Her third sister Princess Christina

2070-564: Was followed by a statement from Prime Minister Mark Rutte who paid tribute to Beatrix, saying "Since her investiture in 1980, she has applied herself heart and soul to Dutch society." The official program for the abdication and inauguration took place on 30 April 2013. Beatrix signed the instrument of abdication in the Vroedschapkamer (also known as Mozeszaal) in the Royal Palace, Amsterdam at 10:07 a.m. local time. With

2116-780: Was the oldest reigning monarch in the country's history . Princess Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard was born on 31 January 1938 at Soestdijk Palace in Baarn , Netherlands, as the first child of Princess Juliana of the Netherlands and her husband, Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld . Beatrix was baptised on 12 May 1938 in the Great Church in The Hague . Her five godparents were King Leopold III of Belgium ; Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone ; Beatrix's maternal great-great-aunt Elisabeth, Princess of Erbach-Schönberg ; her paternal great-uncle Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg ; and Countess Allene de Kotzebue . Beatrix's middle names are

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