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87-576: Agordo ( Ladin : Ègort , locally Agort ; Austrian German : Augarten ) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Belluno , in the Veneto region in Italy. It is located about 100 kilometres (62 miles) north of Venice and about 20 kilometres (12 miles) northwest of Belluno . Agordo was the headquarters of Luxottica Group S.p.A. , the world's biggest eyewear company, before it

174-476: A cold alpine humid continental climate , close to a taiga climate ( Köppen : Dfb ; Trewartha : Dclo ), with short, mild summers and long, freezing cold winters that vacillate between frigid, snowy, unsettled, and temperate. In late December and early January, some of Italy's lowest recorded temperatures are to be found in the region, especially at the top of the Cimabanche Pass on the border between

261-489: A guitar found in most houses, and young musicians are often found walking the streets. Every year, from the end of July to early August, Cortina d'Ampezzo hosts the Dino Ciani Festival and Academy. It is held in honour of the celebrated Italian pianist Dino Ciani (1941–1974) who died when he was only 32. The festival attracts young pianists from around the world who are able to benefit from classes with some of

348-514: A local variant of Ladin , now recognized as a language rather than a dialect. Ladin is a Rhaeto-Romance language and closely resembles Romansh , which is spoken in Switzerland. The preservation of the local language, as a living medium used by younger generations, is seen as a symbol of pride and attachment to local heritage. Ladin and Tyrolean culture continues to survive despite the increasing pressure faced in recent years. Its importance

435-605: A majority of Ladin speakers: In the 2011 census, 18,550 inhabitants of Trentino declared Ladin as their native language. It is prevailing in the following municipalities of Trentino in the Fassa Valley , where Ladin is recognized as a minority language: The Nones language in the Non Valley and the related Solandro language found in the Sole Valley are Gallo-Romance languages and often grouped together into

522-624: A memorial for Maximilian I on the main square in memory of the year 1511 and the union of the Ampezzo valley basin with Tyrol. The town voted in October 2007 to secede from the region of Veneto and join the neighbouring region, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol . This was motivated by cultural ties with the Ladin -speaking community in South Tyrol and the attraction of lower taxes. The referendum

609-749: A minority language in additional municipalities. Those are: Agordo , Alleghe , Auronzo di Cadore , Borca di Cadore , Calalzo di Cadore , Canale d'Agordo , Cencenighe Agordino , Cibiana di Cadore , Comelico Superiore , Danta di Cadore , Domegge di Cadore , Falcade , Forno di Zoldo , Gosaldo , La Valle Agordina , Lozzo di Cadore , Ospitale di Cadore , Perarolo di Cadore , Pieve di Cadore , Rivamonte Agordino , Rocca Pietore , San Nicolò di Comelico , San Pietro di Cadore , San Tomaso Agordino , San Vito di Cadore , Santo Stefano di Cadore , Selva di Cadore , Taibon Agordino , Vallada Agordina , Valle di Cadore , Vigo di Cadore , Vodo di Cadore , Voltago Agordino , Zoldo Alto , Zoppè di Cadore . Ladinity in

696-635: A nosotros tu Reino, hágase tu Voluntad así en la tierra como en el cielo. Pai nosso, que estais no céu, Santificado seja o Vosso nome, Venha a nós o Vosso reino, Seja feita a sua vontade Assim na terra como no céu. Notre Père, qui es aux cieux, Que ton nom soit sanctifié, Que ton règne vienne, Que ta volonté soit faite sur la terre comme au ciel. Tatăl nostru, care ești în ceruri, Sfințească-se numele Tău, Vie împărăția Ta, Facă-se voia Ta, Precum în cer așa și pre pământ. Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done, on earth as it

783-478: A part of kronland Tyrol ), aside from being home for an ethnic German-speaking minority, Ampezzo never became a German-speaking territory and conserved its original language Ladin , a Rhaeto-Romance language . When Italy entered World War I in 1915, most of the male inhabitants were fighting for Austria-Hungary on the Russian front . 669 male inhabitants (most of them under 16 or over 50) tried to fight

870-523: A partially official language. Ladin is officially recognised in Trentino and South Tyrol by provincial and national law. Italy signed the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages of 1991, but it has not ratified it so far. The charter calls for minority rights to be respected and minority languages , to which Ladin belongs, to be appropriately protected and promoted. Starting in

957-620: A result of recent immigration, there is a small community of Eastern Orthodox Christians and Muslims. There is also a congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses, which has its headquarters in Pian da Lago. The surroundings of Cortina have been the location for a number of movies, including mountain climbing scenes for Cliffhanger , Krull and The Pink Panther . The resort was the primary area for location shooting in Sergio Corbucci 's Revisionist Spaghetti Western The Great Silence ;

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1044-424: A single linguistic unit due to their similarity. They are spoken in 38 municipalities but have no official status. Their more precise classification is uncertain. Both dialects show a strong resemblance to Trentinian dialect and Eastern Lombard , and scholars debate whether they are Ladin dialects or not. About 23% of the inhabitants from Val di Non and 1.5% from Val di Sole declared Ladin as their native language at

1131-510: A varying degree of influence from Venetian. The name derives from Latin , because Ladin is originally a Vulgar Latin language left over from the Romanized Alps. Ladin is often attributed to be a relic of Vulgar Latin dialects associated with Rhaeto-Romance languages . Whether a proto-Rhaeto-Romance language ever existed is controversially discussed amongst linguists and historians, a debate known as Questione Ladina . Starting in

1218-413: Is a fairly recent phenomenon, accounting for only a small number of inhabitants in what in any case is a fairly small town. There are 298 resident foreigners in the town, representing 4.9% of the total population. This compares with 7.0% in the town Belluno, 6.4% in the entire province of Belluno, and 10.2% in the Veneto region. In addition to Italian, the majority of the population speak fluent Ampezzano,

1305-677: Is divided into three levels (more a raised plan and a balcony). The cooperative in Cortina was one of the first cooperatives founded in the Italian Peninsula and currently provides employment to approximately 200 people. The five-star Miramonti Majestic Grand Hotel, of James Bond fame, is more than 100 years old. Previously an Austro-Hungarian hunting lodge, it contains 105 rooms. Other hotels of note include Hotel Cornelio on Via Cantore, Hotel Montana on Corso Italia, Hotel Menardi on Via Majom, Hotel Villa Gaiai on Via Guide Alpine, and

1392-544: Is even beginning to be recognized by the local authorities who in December 2007 decided to use Ladin on signs for the names of streets and villages in compliance with regulations for the protection of linguistic minorities in force since 1999. Beginning in the 19th century, Ampezzo became a notable regional centre for crafts. The growing importance of this sector led the Austrian Ministry of Commerce to authorize

1479-402: Is home to SG Cortina , a top league professional ice hockey team, and Cortina d'Ampezzo is also the start and end point of the annual Dolomites Gold Cup Race . Several films have been shot in the town, most notably The Pink Panther (1963), For Your Eyes Only (1981), and Cliffhanger (1993). The discovery in 1987 of a primitive tomb at Mondeval de Sora high up in the mountains to

1566-480: Is in heaven. An [ ɜ ] vowel, spelled ⟨ë⟩ , as in Urtijëi ( pronunciation ), and two front rounded vowels [ ø , y ], spelled ⟨ö, ü⟩ , occur in some local dialects (such as Val Badia) but are not a part of Standard Ladin. Grave is used to mark stress at the last syllable and circumflex is used to mark long vowels. The IETF language tags register subtags for

1653-579: Is not executive, and a final decision on the matter can only be made by law from the Italian parliament with consent of both regional councils of Veneto and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. In the European elections of 2014, the leading party was the Democratic Party with 30.4% of the vote, followed by Forza Italia (19.4%) and the autonomist Südtiroler Volkspartei with 14.1%. Cortina

1740-533: Is not possible to assess the exact number of Ladin speakers, because only in the provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino are the inhabitants asked to identify their native language in the general census of the population, which takes place every 10 years. In the 2011 census, 20,548 inhabitants of South Tyrol declared Ladin as their native language. Ladin is an officially recognised language, taught in schools and used in public offices (in written as well as spoken forms). The following municipalities of South Tyrol have

1827-533: Is situated more or less in the centre of the Ampezzo valley, at the top of the Valle del Boite in the Dolomites , which encircle the town. The Boite river flows directly through the town of Cortina itself. The mountains in the area are described as "craggy" and "soaring", "unmistakable; like a massive coral reef ripped from the sea, strung with conifers and laced with snow". The town is positioned between Cadore (to

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1914-433: Is the seventh most populous place in the province following Belluno (36,509), Feltre (20,688), Sedico (9,734), Ponte nelle Alpi (8,521), Santa Giustina (6,795) and Mel (6,272). In 2008, there were 44 births (7.1 ‰) and 67 deaths (10.9%), resulting in an overall reduction of 23 inhabitants (−3.8 ‰). The town's 2,808 families consisted on average of 2.2 persons. The presence of foreign residents in Cortina d'Ampezzo

2001-516: The Austrian Empire (later Austria-Hungary ), which held it until 1918. From the nineteenth century, Cortina d'Ampezzo became a notable regional centre for crafts. The local handmade products were appreciated by early British and German holidaymakers as tourism emerged in the late nineteenth century. Among the specializations of the town were crafting wood for furniture, the production of tiled stoves, and iron, copper and glass items. Today,

2088-851: The Boite river, in an alpine valley, it is an upscale summer and winter sport resort known for its skiing trails, scenery, accommodation, shops and après-ski scene, and for its jet set and Italian aristocratic crowd. In the Middle Ages, Ampezzo fell under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Aquileia and of the Holy Roman Empire . In 1420 it was conquered by the Republic of Venice . From 1508, it then spent much of its history under Habsburg rule, briefly undergoing some territorial changes under Napoleon , before being returned to

2175-763: The County of Tyrol or the Bishopric of Brixen . Although the Ladin communities are spread out over three neighbouring regions, the Union Generala di Ladins dles Dolomites is asking that they be reunited. The Ladin Autonomist Union and the Fassa Association run on a Ladin list and have sought more rights and autonomy for Ladin speakers. Ladins are also guaranteed political representations in

2262-808: The Italian troops . Outnumbered by the Italians, they had to retreat. After the Austrian recovery in 1917, the town was occupied again by the Tyrolean Standschützen . On 24 November 1917, the Habsburg Emperor Charles (Karl) traveled through Ampezzo and was received with enthusiasm by the population. A little girl handed the emperor a letter with the request to send her father home from the front because his wife and mother of nine children had died. After ten days, Bepe Manaigo

2349-706: The Mario Rimoldi Modern Art Museum , and the Regole of Ampezzo Ethnographic Museum . Although Cortina d'Ampezzo was unable to go ahead with the scheduled 1944 Winter Olympics because of World War II , it hosted the Winter Olympics in 1956 and subsequently a number of world winter-sports events. Cortina d'Ampezzo will host the Winter Olympics for a second time when it co-hosts the 2026 Winter Olympics with Milan . The town

2436-622: The Province of Belluno , but the number of Ladin speakers has been estimated using a 2006 survey. In this area, there are about 1,166 people who speak the standard Ladin and 865 who speak the dialect of Ladin, so out of 8,495 inhabitants they are the 23.9%. They live in the part of the province that was part of the County of Tyrol until 1918, comprising the communes of Cortina d'Ampezzo (15.6% Ladin), Colle Santa Lucia (50.6% Ladin) and Livinallongo del Col di Lana (54.3% Ladin). The provincial administration of Belluno has enacted to identify Ladin as

2523-604: The winter Olympics in 1956 , Cortina grew into a world-famous resort, with a substantial increase in tourism. With a resident population of 6,150 people in 2008, Cortina has a temporary population of around 50,000 during peak periods such as the Christmas holidays and mid-August. The Ford Cortina , the UK's best-selling car of the 1970s, was named after Cortina d'Ampezzo. In 2002 the Ampezzaner rifle company Ŝizar Anpezo Hayden

2610-524: The " regolieri " — a council for the local villages that stood before the town merged — train the community and give administrative orders. It was at one time the see of Cortina d'Ampezzo's primary school. Currently it contains the offices of Comunanza delle Regole d'Ampezzo and the Modern Art Museum "Mario Rimoldi". The main square of Cortina d'Ampezzo is named after the famous local mountain guide Angelo Dibona . The Regole d'Ampezzo administer

2697-549: The 11th century. It was held by the Germans until 1077, and then by the patriarchs of Aquileia (12th century) and Camino (13th century), until Botestagno became the seat of a captaincy. It then passed into Venetian hands and finally to the Habsburgs. During the 18th century the castle gradually lost importance until it was auctioned in 1782 by order of Emperor Joseph II . Today the fort has now almost completely disappeared; only

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2784-491: The 1990s, the Italian parliament and provincial assembly have passed laws and regulations protecting the Ladin language and culture. A cultural institute was founded to safeguard and educate in the language and culture. School curricula were adapted in order to teach in Ladin, and street signs are being changed to bilingual. Ladin is also recognized as a protected language in the Province of Belluno in Veneto region pursuant to

2871-460: The 19th and 20th centuries regarded Ladin as an " Italian dialect ", a notion rejected by various Ladin exponents and associations, despite their having been counted as Italians by the Austrian authorities as well. The programme of Italianization , professed by fascists such as Ettore Tolomei and Benito Mussolini , added further pressure on the Ladin communities to subordinate their identities to Italian. This included changing Ladin place names into

2958-455: The 2011 census. The number of Ladin speakers in those valleys amounts to 8,730, outnumbering the native speakers in the Fassa Valley . In order to stress the difference between the dialects in Non and Fassa valleys, it has been proposed to distinguish between ladins dolomitiches (Dolomitic Ladinians) and ladins nonejes (Non Valley Ladinians) at the next census. There is no linguistic census in

3045-477: The 6th century, the Bavarii started moving in from the north, while from the south Gallo-Italic languages started pushing in, which further shrank the original extent of the Ladin area. Only in the more remote mountain valleys did Ladin survive among the isolated populations. Starting in the very early Middle Ages, the area was mostly ruled by the County of Tyrol or the Bishopric of Brixen , both belonging to

3132-540: The Ampezzo Valley), adopting the name of one of the six villages that made up the territory of Ampezzo, located in the middle of the Ampezzo valley. Cortina d'Ampezzo was designated as a major redoubt and held a large ammunition storage depot (46°36'50"N / 12°09'27"E). In 1945 it was assigned as a holdout by Italian and German troops to prevent the Americans and British from advancing into Austria. The town and

3219-400: The Austrian journalist and anthropologist Karl Felix Wolff , for example, stated in 1935 that according to legend a local man "once made a sword that was so flexible that you could bend it over, tie it up, and then allow it to straighten out again". Among the specializations of the town were crafting wood for furniture; the production of tiled stoves; and iron, copper, and glass items. Today

3306-685: The Cadore region from the fall of the Roman Empire until the Lombard period. It is assumed that during the Barbarian invasions , the inhabitants fled to the Fassa , Badia , Cordevole and Ampezzo valleys. In the Middle Ages, Ampezzo fell under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Aquileia and of the Holy Roman Empire . In 1420, the village was conquered by the Republic of Venice . In 1508 it

3393-697: The Grand Hotel Savoia on Via Roma. There are several mountain hostels in the vicinity, including Rifugio Faloria, Rifugio son Forca, Rifugio Capanna Tondi and Rifugio duca d'Aosta, which contains restaurants. Near the bridge on the Bigontina River is the Town Hall, a palace in the Tyrolean style. Piazza Angelo Dibona houses several landmarks. The Ciasa de ra Regoles is one of the more important legal buildings in Cortina d'Ampezzo, where

3480-547: The Great War. Following Italy's victory in World War I, Ampezzo was (together with the central and southern part of Tyrol) definitively ceded to Italy in 1920. Three years later, it was separated from Tyrol (along with Colle Santa Lucia and Livinallongo del Col di Lana ) and incorporated into the province of Belluno, itself part of the Veneto region . After the war the city was renamed "Cortina d'Ampezzo" (Curtain of

3567-487: The Italian pronunciation according to Tolomei's Prontuario dei nomi locali dell'Alto Adige . Following the end of World War II, the Gruber-De Gasperi Agreement of 1946 between Austria and Italy introduced a level of autonomy for Trentino and South Tyrol but did not include any provisions for the Ladin language. Only in the second autonomy statute for South Tyrol in 1972 was Ladin recognized as

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3654-533: The Madonna della Difesa, and the interior is decorated with a wealth of statues, paintings, polychrome marble, and gold leaf. The Cappella della Beata Vergine di Lourdes (Chapel of Our Lady of Lourdes) was completed in 1907. Decorated by artist Corrado Pitscheider of the Val Gardena , it is a small church of particular interest given the reconstruction sculpture. The Cappella di Sant'Antonio da Padova in

3741-491: The Musei delle Regole d'Ampezzo, which covers three museums: Rinaldo Zardini Palaeontology Museum , Regole of Ampezzo Ethnographic Museum , and Mario Rimoldi Modern Art Museum . The Rinaldo Zardini Palaeontology Museum, established in 1975, is a paleontological museum with a collection of hundreds of fossils of all colors, shapes, and sizes, which were found, gathered, and cataloged by local photographer Rinaldo Zardini. All of

3828-649: The Province of Belluno and even dialects spoken in the northwestern Trentino. A standard variety of Ladin ( Ladin Dolomitan ) has been developed by the Office for Ladin Language Planning as a common communication tool across the whole Ladin-speaking region. Ladin is recognized as a minority language in 54 Italian municipalities belonging to the provinces of South Tyrol, Trentino and Belluno. It

3915-540: The South Tyrolean civil service according to their numbers. The recognition of minority languages in Italy has been criticised since the implementation of Act No. 482 (1999), especially due to alleged financial benefits. This applies also to the Ladin language, especially in the province of Belluno. A possible subdivision of Ladin language identifies six major groups. The dialects of the Athesian group (from

4002-654: The Standards for Protection of Historic Language Minorities Act No. 482 (1999). In comparison with South Tyrol and Trentino, the wishes of the Ladins have barely been addressed by the regional government. In a popular referendum in October 2007, the inhabitants of Cortina d'Ampezzo overwhelmingly voted to leave Veneto and return to South Tyrol. The redrawing of the provincial borders would return Cortina d'Ampezzo, Livinallongo del Col di Lana and Colle Santa Lucia to South Tyrol, to which they traditionally belonged when part of

4089-761: The area of Cortina is part of the "Natural Park of the Ampezzo Dolomites". The comune contains the following frazioni (parishes/wards) with their Ladino names in parentheses: Acquabona (Agabòna), Alverà, Bigontina (Begontina), Cadelverzo (Cadelvèrzo), Cademai, Cadin (Ciadìn), Campo (Ciànpo), Chiamulera (Ciamulèra), Chiave (Ciàe), Cianderìes, Coiana (Cojana), Col, Cortina, Crìgnes, Doneà, Fiames (Fiàmes), Fraìna, Gilardon (Jilardòn), Gnòche o Gràa, Guargné, Lacedel (Lazedèl), Manaigo, Majon, Melères, Mortisa (Mortìja), Pecol (Pecòl), Pezié, Pian da Lago, Pocol (Pocòl), Rònco, Salieto, Socol, Staulin (Staulìn), Val, Verocai, Vera (Vèra), Zuel (Zuèl). Cortina d'Ampezzo has

4176-530: The assemblies of Trentino and South Tyrol due to a reserved seats system. In South Tyrol, in order to reach a fair allocation of jobs in public service, a system called "ethnic proportion" was established in the 1970s. Every 10 years, when the general census of population takes place, each citizen has to identify with a linguistic group. The results determine how many potential positions in public service are allocated for each linguistic group. This has theoretically enabled Ladins to receive guaranteed representation in

4263-674: The castle has undergone restoration. Forte Tre Sassi (or Forte Tra i Sassi) is a fortress constructed in 1897 during the Austro-Hungarian period on the Passo Valparola . It lies between Sass de Stria and Piccolo Lagazuoi , dominating the passage between the Passo Falzarego and Val Badia in South Tyrol (Alto Adige). It was part of the large complex of Austrian fortifications built on the Italian border in

4350-550: The deanery of Cortina d'Ampezzo. Its high wooden altar, crowned by a figure of Christ the Redeemer, was carved by Andrea Brustolon . On the ceiling are three frescoes by Luigi Ghedina : "Christ Purifying the Temple", "The Martyrdom of St. Philip", and "The Beheading of St. James". The Chiesa della Madonna della Difesa was built in 1750 on the site of a ruined 14th-century building. Its façade features an intricate fresco depicting

4437-462: The depot were scheduled to be attacked on 26 April 1945. Only last-minute weather prevented this strike by the 15th AF / 49th BW. Already an elite destination for the first British tourists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, after World War I Cortina d'Ampezzo became a resort for upper-class Italians, too. Cortina d'Ampezzo was chosen as the venue of the winter Olympics , which did not take place due to World War II . Thanks to finally hosting

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4524-426: The different standards: Cortina d%27Ampezzo Cortina d'Ampezzo ( Italian pronunciation: [korˈtiːna damˈpɛttso] ; Ladin : Anpezo , Ampëz ; historical Austrian German : Hayden ) sometimes abbreviated to simply Cortina , is a town and comune in the heart of the southern ( Dolomitic ) Alps in the province of Belluno , in the Veneto region of Northern Italy . Situated on

4611-893: The dolomitic area, dialects are spoken that are often considered to be part of the Ladin language (Anaunic Ladin), but have strong influences from Trentinian and Eastern Lombard dialects. The first part of the 'Lord's Prayer' in Standard Ladin, Latin, and Italian for comparison, as well as other Romance languages and English: Pere nost, che t'ies en ciel, al sie santifiché ti inom, al vegne ti regn, sia fata tia volonté, coche en ciel enscì en tera. Pater noster, qui es in caelis: sanctificetur nomen tuum; adveniat regnum tuum; fiat voluntas tua, sicut in caelo, et in terra. Padre nostro che sei nei cieli, sia santificato il tuo Nome, venga il tuo Regno, sia fatta la tua Volontà come in cielo così in terra. Padre nuestro que estás en los cielos, santificado sea tu Nombre, venga

4698-665: The following dialects are considered as part of the Agordino group: Spoken in Cortina d'Ampezzo ( Anpezo ), similar to Cadorino dialect . Even in Valle di Zoldo (from Forno-Fôr upwards) there are elements of the Ampezzan Group. Spoken in Cadore and Comelico and best known as Cadorino dialect . In Western Trentino, in Non Valley , Val di Sole , Val di Peio , Val di Rabbi , and part of Val Rendena , detached from

4785-554: The late 19th and early 20th centuries. Rendered unusable due to a bombing by the Italians on 5 July 1915, the ruins remained in a state of disrepair until the advent of the 21st century, when it was restored by the local administration of Cortina d'Ampezzo with the assistance of the Lacedelli family. The fort houses a museum containing relics related to the First World War. Castello di Botestagno (also known as Podestagno)

4872-408: The local economy thrives on tourism, particularly during the winter season, when the population of the town typically increases from about 7,000 to 40,000. Lonely Planet refers to Cortina d'Ampezzo as "one of Italy's most famous, fashionable and expensive ski resorts", which "boasts first-class facilities (skiing, skating, sledding, climbing) and superb hiking". Cortina d'Ampezzo is home to some of

4959-552: The local economy thrives on tourism, particularly during the winter season, when the population of the town typically increases from about 7,000 to 40,000. The Basilica Minore dei Santi Filippo e Giacomo was built between 1769 and 1775 on the site of two former thirteenth and sixteenth-century churches; it is home to the parish and the deanery of Cortina d'Ampezzo. The town also contains the Rinaldo Zardini Palaeontology Museum , established in 1975,

5046-424: The locality of Pocol. The small church and cemetery were built in 1916 as a military cemetery by the 5th Alpine group. A shrine was built in 1935 as a memorial to the thousands who lost their lives during World War I on the Dolomite front. It is a massive square tower of stone, clearly visible from the entire Ampezzo valley below. In a crypt in the centre of the structure rests the body of general Antonio Cantore , who

5133-507: The most prestigious names in fashion (including Bulgari , Benetton , Gucci , and Geox ) and various artisan shops, antiquarians, and craft stores. It is also home to many stores specializing in mountaineering equipment. The symbol of Cortina shopping remains La Cooperativa di Cortina , founded on 28 June 1893 as Consumverein Ampezzo . In this shopping centre many trades can be found, from confectioners to newspaper vendors, toys, gift shops , skiing stores, and blacksmiths. The building

5220-412: The mountains between Lagazuoi and Sass de Stria . It includes the Great War Open Air Museum with its trenches and tunnels. In winter it is accessible to skiers, but it is easier to visit on foot or by mountain bike in the summer months. The Basilica Minore dei Santi Filippo e Giacomo was built between 1769 and 1775 on the site of two former 13th and 16th-century churches; it is home to the parish and

5307-411: The opening of a State Industrial School in 1874, which later became the Art Institute. It became a reputable institution in teaching wood and metalwork, admitting boys from the age of 13 for up to four years of study. The local handmade products were appreciated by early British and German vacationers as tourism emerged in the late 19th century. Some of the local items were said to have mythical qualities;

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5394-471: The pieces were found in the Dolomites and tell of a time when these high mountain peaks were still on the bottom of a large tropical sea, populated by marine invertebrates, fish, corals, and sponges. The Regole of Ampezzo Ethnographic Museum is an ethnographic museum situated in an old restored Venetian sawmill at the confluence of the Boite and Felizon rivers to the north of the town. There are objects related to everyday life, rural, and pastoral practices in

5481-404: The province of Belluno is more ethnic than linguistic. The varieties spoken by Ladin municipalities are Venetian alpine dialects, which are grammatically no different to those spoken in municipalities that did not declare themselves as Ladin. Their language is called Ladino Bellunese . All Ladin dialects spoken in the province of Belluno, including those in the former Tyrolean territories, enjoy

5568-464: The provinces of Belluno and Bolzano. The other seasons are generally rainy, cool to warm, and windy. During the summer, temperatures can reach 25°C. Cortina's population grew steadily from the time when it was annexed to the Italian State until the 1960s. Thereafter, it underwent a sharp decline (down by 2,099 inhabitants over a 30-year period), with signs of recovery only in the very last few years. Nevertheless, with 6,112 inhabitants, Cortina d'Ampezzo

5655-414: The realms of the Austrian Habsburg rulers. The area of Cadore was under the rule of the Republic of Venice . During the period of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation and, after 1804, the Austrian Empire, the Ladins underwent a process of Germanization . After the end of World War I in 1918, Italy annexed the southern part of Tyrol, including the Ladin areas. The Italian nationalist movement of

5742-407: The remnants of what must have been the wine cellars and the foundations remain, now weathered and largely covered up by vegetation. Cortina d'Ampezzo has a long tradition in hosting writers, intellectuals, poets and editors from all over the world. Ernest Hemingway , Saul Bellow , Dino Buzzati , Vittorio Gassman , Leonardo Sciascia , Leonardo Mondadori and many others, spent their vacations in

5829-403: The resort was used to represent Utah in the winter of 1898. It was a glamorous location for Elizabeth Taylor in Ash Wednesday (1973), and was also a major location for the 1981 James Bond film For Your Eyes Only . Roger Moore 's James Bond meets the character Luigi Ferrara ( John Moreno ) at the peak of Tofana and stays at the Hotel Miramonti. A number of action sequences were shot in

5916-521: The rive in Trieste on the Adriatic Sea. The town centre is located at an elevation of 1,224 metres (4,016 ft), the closest high peak is that of Tofana di Mezzo, which towers at 3,244 metres (10,643 ft). There are numerous fast flowing rivers, streams and small lakes in the territory, such as the Ghedina , Pianozes and d'Ajal , which fill particularly during the summer snow-melt season. Fauna include marmots , roe deer , chamois and hares and, on occasion, wolves , bears and lynx . Much of

6003-405: The river Adige Basin) of the Sella are spoken in South Tyrol: The South Tyrolean dialects are most similar to the original Ladin. The names of the Ladin dialects spoken in the Fassa Valley in Trentino are Moenat, Brach, and Cazet. 82.8% of the inhabitants of Fassa Valley are native Ladin speakers; the Ladin language in Fassa is influenced by Trentinian dialects. In the Province of Belluno

6090-483: The south of Cortina testifies to the presence of Mesolithic humans in the area as far back as the 6th millennium B.C. In the 6th century B.C., Etruscan writing was introduced in the province of Cadore , in whose possession it remained until the early 5th century. From the 3rd century B.C., the Romans assimilated the Raeti and Veneti people, giving the area the name of Amplitium (from amplus meaning wide), today's Ampezzo. No historical information exists on

6177-416: The south) and the Puster Valley (to the north), Val d'Ansiei (to the east) and Agordo (to the west). Originally it consisted of numerous frazioni , isolated villages and hamlets, but from the 1950s it grew rapidly as a result of tourism. Only the most remote villages have remained isolated from the main town. San Vito di Cadore is 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) to the south of Cortina d'Ampezzo. Among

6264-528: The surrounding mountains are Tofane to the west, Pomagagnon to the north, Cristallo to the northeast, Faloria and Sorapiss to the east, and Becco di Mezzodì , Croda da Lago and Cinque Torri to the south. Monte Antelao (Nantelou in Ladin) is at 3264 m the highest mountain in the Ampezzo Dolomites and the second highest in the Dolomites. When the weather is good, Monte Antelao is clearly visible from

6351-409: The town and took part in the cultural life of the city. Through the years, this led to a continuous activity of literature festivals and book presentations, like Una Montagna di Libri ("A Mountain of Books"), held twice a year since 2009. The festival attracted to Cortina d'Ampezzo writers as Azar Nafisi , Peter Cameron and Emmanuel Carrère . Music is important to the locals of Cortina d'Ampezzo, with

6438-550: The town involving Bond and Erich Kriegler ( John Wyman ), as Kriegler competes in the biathlon . The battle culminates in one of the famous ski chase sequences in film, where Bond has to escape Kriegler and a crew of assassins on a spike-wheeled motorcycles , his route taking them all onto the bobsleigh run . The actual town centre was also the scene of the first attack on Bond and his partner Melina Havelock ( Carole Bouquet ) by two motorcyclists who attempted to run them over, only for Bond to kill them both, putting one of them through

6525-523: The various streams that were historically present (but have since been drained and redirected into the Rova stream, which once flowed through Agordo). Ladin language The precise extension of the Ladin language area is a subject of scholarly debate. A narrower perspective includes only the dialects of the valleys around the Sella group , while wider definitions comprise the dialects of adjacent valleys in

6612-518: The vicinity; agricultural tools; techniques; materials processing; and clothing typical of the valley. The Mario Rimoldi Modern Art Museum is an art gallery, established in 1941, which preserves over 800 works by major Italian artists of the 20th century including Filippo De Pisis , Felice Carena , Pio Semeghini , Renato Guttuso , Tullio Garbari , Massimo Campigli , and many others. It also hosts temporary exhibitions on various topics. The Great War Tour stretches over 80 km (50 mi) across

6699-482: The village of Chiave was completed in 1791, but the interior was renovated in 1809 after serious fire damage caused by the Napoleonic troops. The furnishings include two wooden busts of Christ and St. Catherine as well as a richly designed altar. Sacrario militare di Pocol (also known as Ossario di Pocol) is a cemetery and shrine located at an altitude of 1,535 metres (5,036 ft) towards Passo Falzarego , in

6786-426: The window of a local florist. The town was the setting of the 1919 silent film Blind Husbands , directed by Erich von Stroheim . Cortina d'Ampezzo hosted the 1956 Winter Olympics , originally scheduled for 1944 , but cancelled because of World War II . The 1927 Nordic , 1941 Nordic , and 1941 Alpine World Championships were held in Cortina d'Ampezzo as well, although both 1941 championships were withdrawn by

6873-517: The world's leading performers. The Festival of the Bands is another annual musical event featuring brass bands from Italy and beyond during the last week of August. Cortina d'Ampezzo's own band, parading in traditional costumes, is a central attraction dating back to 1861. Cortina d'Ampezzo hosted the 1953 Miss Italia contest, won by Marcella Mariani . Traditionally, on the eves of the festivals of Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity and St Philip and St James,

6960-519: The youth of the town would climb the hills at sunset and light fires. After Ernest Hemingway 's wife Hadley lost a suitcase filled with Hemingway's manuscripts at the Gare de Lyon in Paris , he took a time off. He began writing that same year in Cortina d'Ampezzo, writing Out of Season . The dominant religion in the comune of Cortina d'Ampezzo is Roman Catholicism. Among the religious minorities, mainly

7047-622: Was a medieval fort perched on a rock in the valley of the river Boite, a little farther north of Cortina d'Ampezzo. It is believed that it was first erected as a stakeout during conflict with the Lombards between the 7th and 8th centuries, with the aim of dominating the three valleys that converge beneath it: the Boite, the Val di Fanes, and the Val Felizon. The cornerstone, however, probably dates to

7134-524: Was awarded the gold medal for military valor. The Castello de Zanna is a small fortress, situated in the vila of Minel. It consists of low, white outer walls and two white corner towers, with a small chapel dedicated to the Holy Trinity. The construction of the castle began in 1694, but on 19 August 1696 work was interrupted; the building remained unfinished in 1809 when it was burned by French revolutionary troops who had invaded Ampezzo. Since then

7221-576: Was brought back to life. Since Otto von Habsburg , the then head of the Habsburg family, visited Cortina in 2005, their patron has been Charles I of Austria . Especially because of the eventful history, the Habsburg brand is still very present in Cortina in the 21st century, as many pictures and photos of Franz Joseph I of Austria and of Charles I, who is particularly revered here, in inns, restaurants, bars and hotels testify. Since 2011 there has been

7308-584: Was burned by the French. It was short-lived; the Austrian Empire reclaimed it in 1813, and it remained in its possession even after the battles of Custoza and Sadowa in 1866 when Venice was ceded to Italy. The town gained a reputation as a health resort; it was reportedly free of diseases such as cholera. In 1874 the Ampezzo forest became the property of the Carnic Woods Consortium. Although remaining an Austrian possession until 1920 (as

7395-698: Was conquered by the Habsburgs , and by 1511 people of Ampezzo swore loyalty to the Emperor Maximilian , and that area was subsequently adjoined to the region of Pusterthal . In 1797, when the Treaty of Campo Formio was signed, Napoleon initially permitted the Habsburg Empire to retain it, but in 1810 he added Ampezzo to the Department of Piave, following an attack on the town in which it

7482-536: Was moved to Milan. According to Giovan Battista Pellegrini , the name "Agordo" may derive from a Lombard personal name, possibly Agihard . However, there is a noted discrepancy between the current pronunciation and that of the suffix -hàrd . Additionally, there is a phonetic similarity with the Rhaeto-Romance word Aga , meaning "water" which, when combined with the suffix -ort , translates to "watery." This term could refer to marshy areas associated with

7569-433: Was with his children. A total of 144 Ampezzans died as a result of the war. Ampezzo soldiers received 16 silver and 4 bronze medals for bravery. In the surrounding area of the town there were 38 military cemeteries, everywhere trenches, barbed wire, impact holes, splinters, ammunition and barracks; 2,450 hectares of forest were devastated. The mountains surrounding Cortina were themselves the theatre of several battles during

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