114-603: The Agra–Lucknow Expressway is a 302 km long, 6- lane wide (extendable to 8-lanes) access-controlled expressway constructed by the Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority (UPEIDA) to reduce traffic in already congested roads and to reduce pollution and carbon footprint . The expressway reduced the distance between the cities of Agra and Lucknow in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and
228-631: A median . Some roads and bridges that carry very low volumes of traffic are less than 4.6 metres (15 ft) wide, and are only a single lane wide. Vehicles travelling in opposite directions must slow or stop to pass each other. In rural areas, these are often called country lanes . In urban areas, alleys are often only one lane wide. Urban and suburban one lane roads are often designated for one-way traffic . For much of human history, roads did not need lane markings because most people walked or rode horses at relatively slow speeds. However, when automobiles, trucks, and buses came into widespread use during
342-502: A 12 ft (3.7 m) standard lane width, while narrower lanes are used on lower classification roads. In Europe, laws and road widths vary by country; the minimum widths of lanes are generally between 2.5 to 3.25 m (8.2 to 10.7 ft). The federal Bundesstraße interurban network in Germany defines a minimum of 3.5 m (140 in) for each lane for the smallest two lane roads, with an additional 0.25 m (9.8 in) on
456-460: A Buddhist festival. She states that Xuanzang festivities at Prayag featured a Buddha statue and involved alms giving, consistent with Buddhist practices. According to Li Rongxi – a scholar credited with a recent and complete translation of a critical version of the Dà Táng Xīyù Jì , Xuanzang mentions that the site of the alms-giving is a deva temple, and the alms-giving practice is recommended by
570-533: A bathing pilgrimage at Prayag as a means of prāyaścitta (atonement, penance) for past mistakes and guilt. In Tirthayatra Parva , before the great war, the epic states "the one who observes firm [ethical] vows, having bathed at Prayaga during Magha, O best of the Bharatas, becomes spotless and reaches heaven." In Anushasana parva , after the war, the epic elaborates this bathing pilgrimage as "geographical tirtha" that must be combined with manasa-tirtha (tirtha of
684-612: A central role in Hindu scriptures . The city finds its earliest reference as one of the world's oldest known cities in Hindu texts and has been venerated as the holy city of Prayāga in the ancient Vedas . Prayagraj was also known as Kosambi in the late Vedic period , named by the Kuru rulers of Hastinapur , who developed it as their capital. Kosambi was one of the greatest cities in India from
798-516: A failed attempt to seize Agra's treasury, he came to Allahabad and seized its treasury while setting himself up as a virtually independent ruler. In May 1602, he had his name read in Friday prayers and his name minted on coins in Allahabad. After reconciliation with Akbar, Salim returned to Allahabad, where he stayed before returning in 1604. After capturing Jaunpur in 1624, Prince Khurram ordered
912-427: A fort. According to William Pinch, Akbar's motive may have been twofold. One, the armed fort secured the control of fertile Doab region. Second, it greatly increased his visibility and power to the non-Muslims who gathered here for pilgrimage from distant places and who constituted the majority of his subjects. Later, he declared Ilahabas as a capital of one of the twelve divisions ( subahs ). According to Richard Burn,
1026-467: A great city in Allahabad. 'Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni and Nizamuddin Ahmad mention that Akbar laid the foundations of an Imperial City there which he called Ilahabas . Abul Fazal in his Ain-i-Akbari states, "For a long time his (Akbar's) desire was to found a great city in the town of Piyag (Allahabad) where the rivers Ganges and Jamuna join... On 13th November 1583 (1st Azar 991 H.) he (Akbar) reached
1140-409: A higher-speed road in order to provide safe and frequent access to local homes and businesses. In some areas, the lane adjacent to the curb is reserved for non-moving vehicles. A reversible lane ( contraflow lane ) is a lane where the direction of traffic can be changed to match the peak flow. They are usually used where there are periods of high traffic, especially rush hour where the traffic
1254-507: A hot, dry summer, a cool, dry winter and a hot, humid monsoon. Summer lasts from March to September with daily highs reaching up to 48 °C in the dry summer (from March to May) and up to 40 °C in the hot and extremely humid monsoon season (from June to September). The monsoon begins in June, and lasts until August; high humidity levels prevail well into September. Winter runs from December to February, with temperatures rarely dropping to
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#17327758043641368-461: A household name when he hurled a bomb at a European club. In Alfred Park in 1931, Chandrashekhar Azad died when surrounded by British police. The Nehru family homes, Anand Bhavan and Swaraj Bhavan , were centres of Indian National Congress activity. During the years before independence, Allahabad was home to thousands of satyagrahis led by Purushottam Das Tandon , Bishambhar Nath Pande , Narayan Dutt Tiwari and others. The first seeds of
1482-461: A murmur of dissent and decided to pay four times the circle rates (CR) to the land owners in rural areas and twice the CR in urban parts, as purchase cost. The rest of land was acquired through land acquisition method Bangarmau Emergency Airstrip (Unnao district) 26°55′10″N 80°15′11″E / 26.919334°N 80.253053°E / 26.919334; 80.253053 It was alleged that some of
1596-567: A police headquarters and a public-service commission in Allahabad, making the city an administrative centre. They truncated the Delhi region of the state, merging it with Punjab and moving the capital of the North-Western Provinces to Allahabad (where it remained for 20 years). In January 1858, Earl Canning departed Calcutta for Allahabad. That year he read Queen Victoria's proclamation , transferring control of India from
1710-459: A population density of 4,200/km (11,000/sq mi). Natives of Uttar Pradesh form the majority of Prayagraj's population. With regards to Houseless Census in Prayagraj, total 5,672 families live on footpaths or without any roof cover, this is approximately 0.38 percent of the total population of Prayagraj district. The sex ratio of Prayagraj is 901 females per 1000 males and child sex ratio of
1824-612: A second or third lower width lane in the same direction for cars 1.75 m (69 in) – those that have been built exclude trucks from these narrower lanes; however lower width lanes are not a recommended design principle for new roads, as it could be dangerous if traffic becomes heavier in future. In the United States, the Interstate Highway standards for the Interstate Highway System use
1938-413: A steep grade without slowing other traffic. They are typically used by large trucks or semi-trailer trucks , which go uphill more slowly than they travel on level ground. They are often used on major routes such as motorways and interstate highways . Some high-volume limited-access highways use a local–express lane system. This physically separates express lanes for long-distance travel (closer to
2052-484: A town existed before Allahabad was founded. He adds that after Mahmud of Ghazni captured Asní near Fatehpur , he couldn't have crossed into Bundelkhand without visiting Allahabad had there been a city worth plundering. He further adds that its capture should have been heard when Muhammad of Ghor captured Benares. However, Ghori's historians never noticed it. Akbarnama mentions that the Mughal emperor Akbar founded
2166-506: Is Abhilasha Gupta , whereas the current municipal commissioner is Avinash Singh. Prayagraj was declared to have metropolitan status in October 2006. The metropolitan area is referred to in the 2011 Indian census and other official documents as Allhabad Urban Agglomeration. It consists of Prayagraj Municipal Corporation, three census towns (the cantonment, Arail Uparhar, and Chak Babura Alimabad), and 17 Outer Growth (OG) areas listed in
2280-686: Is 6-lane wide (expandable to 8-lane in future) although the structures (major, minor bridges and underpasses) on the expressway are already being constructed as 8-laned to be in tune with the expanded width of the expressway in future. It is proposed on minimum distance and minimal agricultural land formula and will be financed by the Government of Uttar Pradesh . The Expressway will carry all public amenities via underpasses, service roads, provision for green belt, rest houses, petrol pumps, service centres, restaurants and four agricultural mandis for dairy, potatoes, grains, fruits and vegetables. This expressway
2394-433: Is 893 girls per 1000 boys, lower than the national average. Hindi, the official state language, is the dominant language in Prayagraj. Urdu and other languages are spoken by a sizeable minority. Hindus form the majority of Prayagraj's population; Muslims compose a large minority. According to provisional results of the 2011 national census, Hinduism is majority religion in Prayagraj city with 76.03 percent followers. Islam
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#17327758043642508-521: Is 90.21 percent and female literacy 82.17 percent. For 2001 census same figure stood at 75.81 and 46.38. As per census 2011, total 1,080,808 people are literate in Prayagraj of which males and females are 612,257 and 468,551 respectively. Among 35 major Indian cities , Prayagraj reported the highest rate of violations of special and local laws to the National Crime Records Bureau . Prayagraj division, comprising four districts,
2622-467: Is a lane on a multi-lane highway or motorway closest to the median of the road (the central reservation ) used for passing vehicles in other lanes. (North American usage also calls the higher-speed lane nearest the median the "inside lane" but in the United Kingdom this is the "outside lane".) Countries with right-hand traffic put the passing lane on the left; those with left-hand traffic put
2736-457: Is a part, is on the western Indus-Gangetic Plain region. The doab (including the Terai ) is responsible for the city's unique flora and fauna. Since the arrival of humans, nearly half of the city's vertebrates have become extinct. Others are endangered or have had their range severely reduced. Associated changes in habitat and the introduction of reptiles , snakes and other mammals led to
2850-502: Is also maximal at a width of 3.0 to 3.1 metres (9.8 to 10.2 ft), both for motor traffic and for bicycles. Pedestrian volume declines as lanes widen, and intersections with narrower lanes provide the highest capacity for bicycles. As lane width decreases, traffic speed diminishes. Narrow lanes cost less to build and maintain. They lessen the time needed to walk across, and reduce stormwater runoff . Pedestrian volume declines as lanes widen, and intersections with narrower lanes provide
2964-525: Is connected to Yamuna Expressway through the Agra Ring Road, and thus providing an express link between Greater Noida , NCR to Lucknow via Agra. It connects Agra and Lucknow via Shikohabad , Firozabad , Mainpuri , Etawah , Auraiya , Kanpur , Kannauj , Bangarmau and Lucknow . The expressway will start at village Etmadpur Madra near Agra and will end at village Sarosa Bharosa near Mohan Road, Lucknow Agra Lucknow Expressway will reduce
3078-409: Is currently divided into 80 wards, with one member (or corporator) elected from each ward to form the municipal committee. The head of the corporation is the mayor, but, the executive and administration of the corporation are the responsibility of the municipal commissioner, who is an Uttar Pradesh government -appointed Provincial Civil Service officer of high seniority. The current mayor of Prayagraj
3192-448: Is headed by the divisional commissioner of Prayagraj, who is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of high seniority, the commissioner is the head of local government institutions (including municipal corporations ) in the division, is in charge of infrastructure development in his division, and is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the division. The district magistrate and collector of Prayagraj reports to
3306-539: Is north of the city, Bhadohi is east, Rewa is south, Chitrakoot (earlier Banda) is west, and Kaushambi , which was until recently a part of Allahabad (Prayagraj), is North-West. Prayagraj has a humid subtropical climate common to cities in the plains of North India, designated Cwa in the Köppen climate classification . The annual mean temperature is 26.1 °C (79.0 °F); monthly mean temperatures are 18–29 °C (64–84 °F). Prayagraj has three seasons:
3420-458: Is not the case in many European countries. Lane markings are mostly lines painted on the road by a road marking machine , which can adjust the marking widths according to the lane type. Traffic reports in California often refer to accidents being "in the number X lane." The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) assigns the numbers from left to right. The far left passing lane
3534-401: Is predominantly in one direction, and on roads that may be geographically constrained, such as over bridges. One or more lanes are removed from the opposing flow and added to the peak flow – this technique is known as tidal flow. Dedicated lanes are traffic lanes set aside for particular types of vehicles: Some jurisdictions generally prohibit trucks from faster lanes on motorways, or from
Agra–Lucknow Expressway - Misplaced Pages Continue
3648-401: Is presently one of the India's longest operational expressways. It was completed and inaugurated on 21 November 2016 by then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh , Akhilesh Yadav . Light traffic commotion on the expressway began with government approval in the following December, and the full length of expressway was made accessible to public from Agra to Lucknow by the end of February 2017. It
3762-469: Is the meeting place of Ganges, the Yamuna and mythical Saraswati River, which according to Hindu legends, wells up from underground. A place of religious importance and the site for historic Prayag Kumbh Mela held every 12 years, over the years it has also been the site of immersion of ashes of several national leaders, including Mahatma Gandhi in 1948. The main ghat in Prayagraj is Saraswati Ghat , on
3876-411: Is the most splendid one of the five sacred confluencies in India. The Mughal emperor Akbar visited the region in 1575 and was so impressed by the strategic location of the site that he ordered a fort be constructed. The fort was constructed by 1584 and called Ilahabas or "Abode of Allah", later changed to Allahabad under Shah Jahan . Speculations regarding its name, however, exist. Because of
3990-484: Is the number 1 lane. The number of the slow lane (closest to freeway onramps/offramps) depends on the total number of lanes, and could be anywhere from 2 to 8. However in the UK, "lane 1" is the "slow lane" (left-hand lane). Lane capacity varies widely due to conditions such as neighboring lanes, lane width, elements next to the road, number of driveways, presence of parking, speed limits, number of heavy vehicles and so on –
4104-422: Is the second most practised religion in the city with approximately 21.94 percent following it. Christianity is followed by 0.68 percent, Jainism by 0.10 percent, Sikhism by 0.28 percent and Buddhism by 0.28 percent. Around 0.02 percent stated 'Other Religion', approximately 0.90 percent stated 'No Particular Religion'. Prayagraj's literacy rate at 86.50 percent is the highest in the region. Male literacy
4218-638: Is well placed geographically and culturally. Geographically part of the Ganga-Yamuna Doab (at the mouth of the Yamuna), culturally it is the terminus of the Indian west. The Indian Standard Time longitude (25.15°N 82.58°E) is near the city. According to a United Nations Development Programme report, Prayagraj is in a "low damage risk" wind and cyclone zone. In common with the rest of the doab , its soil and water are primarily alluvial . Pratapgarh
4332-537: Is widely seen as his dream project and the flagship model of development in the state, being the first of its kind to be completed in the shortest span of time. The cost of project was expected to be ₹ 15,000 crore (equivalent to ₹ 220 billion or US$ 2.6 billion in 2023) but was completed in ₹ 13,200 crore (equivalent to ₹ 190 billion or US$ 2.3 billion in 2023) and in record time of 22 months. It would cut travel time between Lucknow and Agra from 6 hours to 3:30 hours. The expressway
4446-861: Is −0.7 °C (31 °F) on 26 December 1961. Rain from the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea branches of the southwest monsoon falls on Allahabad from June to September, supplying the city with most of its annual rainfall of 1,027 mm (40 in). The highest monthly rainfall total, 333 mm (13 in), occurs in August. The city receives 2,961 hours of sunshine per year, with maximum sunlight in May. Allahabad has been ranked 20th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' The Ganga-Jamuna Doab, of which Prayagraj
4560-471: The ex-officio chairperson of PDA, whereas a vice chairperson, a government-appointed IAS officer , looks after the daily matters of the authority. The current chairperson of PDA is Bhanu Chandra Goswami. The Prayagraj Nagar Nigam, also called Prayagraj Municipal Corporation , oversees the city's civic infrastructure. The corporation originated in 1864 as the Municipal Board of Allahabad, when
4674-790: The East India Company to the British Crown (beginning the British Raj ), in Minto Park . In 1877 the provinces of Agra and Awadh were merged to form the United Provinces , with Allahabad its capital until 1920. The 1888 session of the Indian National Congress was held in the city, and by the turn of the 20th century, Allahabad was a revolutionary centre. Nityanand Chatterji became
Agra–Lucknow Expressway - Misplaced Pages Continue
4788-524: The Grand Trunk Road . It also potentially offered sizeable revenues to the company. Initial revenue settlements began in 1803. Allahabad was a participant in the 1857 Indian Mutiny , when Maulvi Liaquat Ali unfurled the banner of revolt. During the rebellion, Allahabad, with a number of European troops, was the scene of a massacre. After the mutiny, the British established a high court,
4902-466: The Magh Mela pilgrimage at Prayag, as recommended in the ancient Hindu texts. In papers published about 1979, John Irwin – a scholar of Indian Art History and Archaeology, concurred with Krishnaswamy and Ghosh that the Allahabad pillar was never moved and was always at the confluence of the rivers Ganges and Yamuna. According to Irwin, an analysis of the minor inscriptions and ancient scribblings on
5016-729: The Pakistani nation were sown in Allahabad: on 29 December 1930, Allama Muhammad Iqbal 's presidential address to the All-India Muslim League proposed a separate Muslim state for the Muslim-majority regions of India. Prayagraj's elevation is over 90 m (295 ft) above sea level. The old part of the city, at the south of Prayagraj Junction railway station, consists of neighbourhoods like Chowk, Johnstongunj , Dariyabad , Khuldabad and many more. In
5130-642: The Prayagraj district , the most populous district in the state and 13th most populous district in India and the Prayagraj division . The city is the judicial capital of Uttar Pradesh with the Allahabad High Court being the highest judicial body in the state. As of 2011, Prayagraj is the seventh most populous city in the state, thirteenth in Northern India and thirty-sixth in India, with an estimated population of 1.53 million in
5244-610: The Treaty of Allahabad signed by Lord Robert Clive , Mughal emperor Shah Alam II , and Awadh's Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula . The combined forces of Bengal's Nawab Mir Qasim , Shuja and Shah Alam were defeated by the English at Buxar in October 1764 and at Kora in May 1765. Alam, who was abandoned by Shuja after the defeats, surrendered to the English and was lodged at the fort, as they captured Allahabad, Benares and Chunar in his name. The territories of Allahabad and Kora were given to
5358-415: The divisional commissioner . The current commissioner is Ashish Kumar Goel. Prayagraj district administration is headed by the district magistrate and collector (DM) of Prayagraj, who is an IAS officer . The DM is in charge of property records and revenue collection for the central government and oversees the elections held in the district. The DM is also responsible for maintaining law and order in
5472-451: The fast lane , and the lane closest to the shoulder the slow lane . Some jurisdictions, particularly on limited-access roads, ban passing-lane driving while not overtaking another vehicle; others merely require slower cars to yield to quicker traffic by shifting to slower lanes, or have no limitations. A climbing lane , crawler lane (UK ), or truck lane , is an additional roadway lane that allows heavy or underpowered vehicles to ascend
5586-461: The sangam and nearby wetlands. The 2011 census reported a population of 1,112,544 in the 82 km (32 sq mi) area governed by Prayagraj Municipal Corporation, corresponding to a density of 13,600/km (35,000/sq mi). In January 2020, the boundaries of Prayagraj Municipal Corporation were expanded to 365 km (141 sq mi); according to the 2011 census, 1,536,218 people lived within those boundaries; this corresponds to
5700-454: The "records at this temple". Rongxi adds that the population of Prayaga was predominantly heretics (non-Buddhists, Hindus), and affirms that Prayaga attracted festivities of deva -worshipping heretics and also the orthodox Buddhists. Xuanzang also describes a ritual-suicide practice at Prayaga, then concludes it is absurd. He mentions a tree with "evil spirits" that stands before another deva temple. People commit suicide by jumping from it in
5814-722: The 3,500 hectare of land that was purchased for the route were artificially inflated in price by officials who then received kickbacks from the landowners. Lands that were in fact farmland were listed as residential, which gave them a higher value. Lane In road transport , a lane is part of a roadway that is designated to be used by a single line of vehicles to control and guide drivers and reduce traffic conflicts. Most public roads ( highways ) have at least two lanes, one for traffic in each direction, separated by lane markings . On multilane roadways and busier two-lane roads, lanes are designated with road surface markings . Major highways often have two multi-lane roadways separated by
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#17327758043645928-534: The 3rd century BCE, the pillar has a Samudragupta inscription, as well as a Magha Mela inscription of Birbal of Akbar's era. It states, In the Samvat year 1632, Saka 1493, in Magha, the 5th of the waning moon, on Monday, Gangadas's son Maharaja Birbal made the auspicious pilgrimage to Tirth Raj Prayag. Saphal scripsit. – Translated by Alexander Cunningham (1879) These dates correspond to about 1575 CE, and confirm
6042-562: The Agra Lucknow Expressway (as of January 2018) is given in the table below: (in ₹) The construction work of 302 km long Agra–Lucknow Expressway was divided into 5 packages. The list of contractors is as follows: The Agra–Lucknow Expressway is considered to be a Greenfield project as there were no work constraints of existing buildings or infrastructure. Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority (UPEIDA) purchased almost 3,127 hectares of land without
6156-688: The IPS or the Provincial Police Service . Each of the several police circles is headed by a circle officer (CO) in the rank of deputy superintendent of police . The development of infrastructure in the city is overseen by the Prayagraj Development Authority (PDA), which comes under the Department of Housing and Urban Planning of Uttar Pradesh government . The divisional commissioner of Prayagraj acts as
6270-585: The Irwin papers "showed conclusively that the pillar did not originate at Kaushambi", but had been at Prayaga from pre-Buddhist times. The 7th-century Buddhist Chinese traveller Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) in Fascicle V of Dà Táng Xīyù Jì ( Great Tang Records on the Western Regions ) explicitly mentions Prayaga as both a country and a "great city" where the Yamuna river meets Ganges river. He states that
6384-565: The Lucknow Municipal Act was passed by the Government of India . In 1867, the Civil Lines and the city were amalgamated for municipal purposes. The Cantonment was counted as part of the city in censuses until the 1931 Indian census , when it was started to be counted as a separate census town . The Municipal Board became Municipal Corporation in 1959. Allahabad Cantonment has a cantonment board. The city of Prayagraj
6498-586: The Prayagraj Police Zone and Prayagraj Police Range, Prayagraj Zone is headed by an additional director general -rank Indian Police Service (IPS) officer, and the Prayagraj Range is headed inspector general -rank IPS officer. The district police is headed by a senior superintendent of police (SSP), who is an IPS officer, and is assisted by eight superintendents of police or additional superintendents of police for city, either from
6612-437: The allowable width of road vehicles to a current maximum of 2.55 m (100.4 in) for most trucks, and 2.6 m (102.4 in) for refrigerator trucks. These widths do not include side mirrors, but only the vehicle body. The minimum extra space had been 0.20 m (7.9 in) and it is currently assumed to be at least 0.25 m (9.8 in) on each side. The international standard allows roads with less traffic to add
6726-740: The associated pilgrimage is found in Rigveda Pariśiṣṭa (supplement to the Rigveda , c. 1200–1000 BCE). It is also mentioned in the Pali canons of Buddhism , such as in section 1.7 of Majjhima Nikaya ( c. 500 BCE ), wherein the Buddha states that bathing in Payaga (Skt: Prayaga) cannot wash away cruel and evil deeds, rather the virtuous one should be pure in heart and fair in action. The Mahabharata ( c. 400 BCE –300 CE) mentions
6840-688: The assumed maximum vehicle width, with an additional space to allow for lateral motion of the vehicle. In the United States , the maximum truck width had been 8 ft (2.4 m) in the Code of Federal Regulations of 1956, which exactly matched then standard shipping container width. The maximum truck width was increased in 1976 to 102 in (2.59 m) to harmonize with the slightly larger metric 2.6 m (102.4 in) world standard width. The same applies to standards in Europe, which increased
6954-488: The banks of Yamuna. Stairs from three sides descend to the green water of the Yamuna. Above it is a park which is always covered with green grass. There are also facilities for boating here. There are also routes to reach Triveni Sangam by boat from here. Apart from this, there are more than 100 raw ghats in Prayagraj. Prayagraj is in the southern part of Uttar Pradesh, at the confluence of the Ganges and Yamuna. The region
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#17327758043647068-517: The belief that they will go to heaven. According to Ariel Glucklich – a scholar of Hinduism and Anthropology of Religion, the Xuanzang memoir mentions both the superstitious devotional suicide and narrates a story of how a Brahmin of a more ancient era tried to put an end to this practice. Alexander Cunningham believed the tree described by Xuanzang was the Akshayavat tree. It still existed at
7182-560: The centerline for highways in 1911. Hence, then chairman of the Road Commission, Edward N. Hines , is widely credited as the inventor of lane markings. The introduction of lane markings as a common standard is connected to June McCarroll , a physician in Indio , California. She began experimenting with painting lines on roads in 1917 after being run off a highway by a truck driver. After years of lobbying by McCarroll and her allies,
7296-644: The city and its surrounding area are governed by several municipalities, a large portion of Prayagraj district is governed by the Prayagraj Municipal Corporation. The city is home to colleges, research institutions and many central and state government offices, including High court of Uttar Pradesh. Prayagraj has hosted cultural and sporting events, including the Prayag Kumbh Mela and the Indira Marathon . Although
7410-567: The city are doves , peacocks , junglefowl , black partridge , house sparrows , songbirds , blue jays , parakeets , quails , bulbuls , and comb ducks . Large numbers of Deer are found in the Trans Yamuna area of Prayagraj. India's first conservation reserve for blackbuck is being created in Prayagraj's Meja Forest Division. Other animals in the state include reptiles such as lizards , cobras , kraits , and gharials . During winter, large numbers of Siberian birds are reported in
7524-579: The city's economy was built on tourism, most of its income now derives from real estate and financial services. The location at the confluence of Ganges and Yamuna rivers has been known in ancient times as Prayāga, which means "place of a sacrifice" in Sanskrit ( pra-, "fore-" + yāj- , "to sacrifice"). It was believed that god Brahma performed the very first sacrifice ( yāga, yajna ) in this place. The word prayāga has been traditionally used to mean "a confluence of rivers". For Allahabad, it denoted
7638-426: The city. In 2011, it was ranked the world's 40th fastest-growing city. The city, in 2016, was also ranked the third most liveable urban agglomeration in the state (after Noida and Lucknow ) and sixteenth in the country. Hindi is the most widely spoken language in the city. Prayagraj lies close to Triveni Sangam , the "three-river confluence" of the Ganges , Yamuna , and the mythical Sarasvati . It plays
7752-485: The confluence is to the east of this "great city" and the site where alms are distributed every day. Kama MacLean – an Indologist who has published articles on the Kumbh Mela predominantly based on the colonial archives and English-language media, states based on emails from other scholars and a more recent interpretation of the 7th-century Xuanzang memoir, that Prayag was also an important site in 7th-century India of
7866-509: The distance from Meerut to Lucknow by about 130 km. Ganga Expressway will connect to Agra Lucknow Expressway at Bangarmau . Through the Dimond interchange there, vehicles coming from Meerut will be able to go to Agra Lucknow Expressway. The distance from Kharkhoda Interchange to Bangarmau Interchange will be around 300 km And from Bangarmau Interchange , where Agra Lucknow Expressway and Ganga Expressway will connect,
7980-670: The distance from Mohan Road Buddheshwar Lucknow is only 60 km. Agra Lucknow Expressway will also reduce the distance from Noida , Ghaziabad , Delhi to Lucknow Prayagraj And Purvanchal and other North East States Vehicles coming from Noida , Ghaziabad , Delhi will be able to go towards Lucknow and Prayagraj and Purvanchal from the Ganga Expressway interchange to be built on NH 24 in Hapur These are given below in direction of travel, as notably different from non-expressway custom, services on one side of
8094-448: The district. The DM is assisted by a chief development officer; five additional district magistrates for finance/revenue, city, rural administration, land acquisition and civil supply; one chief revenue officer; one city magistrate; and three additional city magistrates. The district has eight tehsils viz. Sadar, Soraon, Phulpur, Handia, Karchhana, Bara, Meja and Kuraon, each headed by a sub-divisional magistrate . City comes under
8208-861: The emperor after the treaty was signed in 1765. Shah Alam spent six years in the Allahabad fort and after the takeover of Delhi by the Marathas, left for his capital in 1771 under their protection. He was escorted by Mahadaji Shinde and left Allahabad in May 1771 and in January 1772 reached Delhi. Upon realising the Maratha intent of territorial encroachment, however, Shah Alam ordered his general Najaf Khan to drive them out. Tukoji Rao Holkar and Visaji Krushna Biniwale in return attacked Delhi and defeated his forces in 1772. The Marathas were granted an imperial sanad for Kora and Allahabad. They turned their attention to Oudh to gain these two territories. Shuja
8322-578: The express lanes in an express-local system. Some lanes have restrictions based on vehicle weight , for example to prevent overloading certain parts of a bridge . A small number of jurisdictions have truck-only lanes, intended to increase reliability of freight deliveries. Different lanes can also have different height restrictions, depending on the shape of overpasses. The widths of vehicle lanes typically vary from 2.7 to 4.6 m (9 to 15 ft). Lane widths are commonly narrower on low volume roads and wider on higher volume roads. The lane width depends on
8436-532: The extinction of bird species, including large birds such as eagles . The Allahabad Museum , one of four national museums in India, is documenting the flora and fauna of the Ganges and the Yamuna. To protect the rich aquatic biodiversity of river Ganges from escalating anthropogenic pressures, development of a Turtle sanctuary in Prayagraj along with a River Biodiversity Park at Sangam have been approved under Namami Gange programme. The most common birds found in
8550-567: The first two decades of the 20th century, head-on collisions became more common. The history of lane markings is connected to early mass automobile construction in Detroit. In 1906, the first Road Commission of Wayne County, Michigan was formed in an effort to make roads safer. (Henry Ford served on the board in the first year.) In 1909, the commission ordered the construction of the first concrete road (Woodard Avenue in Detroit), and conceived
8664-455: The fort to the British in 1798. Lord Wellesley after threatening to annex the entire Awadh, concluded a treaty with Saadat on abolishing the independent Awadhi army, imposing a larger subsidiary force and annexing Rohilkhand , Gorakhpur and the Doab in 1801. Acquired in 1801, Allahabad, aside from its importance as a pilgrimage centre, was a stepping stone to the agrarian track upcountry and
8778-407: The foundation of the city at a place of the confluence of Ganges and Jumna which was a very sacred site of Hindus, then gives 1574 and 1584 as the year of its founding, and that it was named "Ilahabas". The next generation of Mughal rulers started calling it Illahabad, and finally, the British started calling it "Allahabad" for ease of pronunciation. Akbar was impressed by its strategic location for
8892-420: The freezing point. The daily average maximum temperature is about 22 °C (72 °F) and the minimum about 9 °C (48 °F). Prayagraj never receives snow, but, experiences dense winter fog due to numerous wood fires, coal fires, and open burning of rubbish—resulting in substantial traffic and travel delays. Its highest recorded temperature is 48.9 °C (120.0 °F) on 9 June 2019, and its lowest
9006-522: The great city has hundreds of " deva temples" and to the south of the city are two Buddhist institutions (a stupa built by Ashoka and a monastery). His 644 CE memoir also mentions the Hindu bathing rituals at the junction of the rivers, where people fast near it and then bathe believing that this washes away their sins. Wealthy people and kings come to this "great city" to give away alms at the Grand Place of Almsgiving. According to Xuanzang's travelogue,
9120-464: The heart) whereby one lives by values such as truth, charity, self-control, patience and others. Prayāga is mentioned in the Agni Purana and other Puranas with various legends, including being one of the places where Brahma attended a yajna (homa), and the confluence of river Ganges, Yamuna and mythical Saraswati site as the king of pilgrimage sites ( Tirtha Raj ). Other early accounts of
9234-463: The highest capacity for bicycles. Painted lane markings, which designate a single line of vehicles for movement within traffic, vary widely from country to country. In the United States , Canada , Mexico , Honduras , Puerto Rico , Virgin Islands and Norway , yellow lines separate traffic going in opposite directions and white separates lanes of traffic traveling in the same direction; but that
9348-489: The highest levels of air pollution worldwide, with the 2016 update of the World Health Organization 's Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database finding Prayagraj to have the third highest mean concentration of "PM2.5" (<2.5 μm diameter) particulate matter in the ambient air among all the 2972 cities tested (after Zabol and Gwalior ). The Triveni Sangam (place where three rivers meet)
9462-408: The importance and the name Prayag. According to Cunningham, this pillar was brought to Allahabad from Kaushambi by a Muslim Sultan, and that in some later century before Akbar, the old city of Prayag had been deserted. Other scholars, such as Krishnaswamy and Ghosh disagree. In a paper published in 1935, they state that the pillar was always at its current location based on the inscription dates on
9576-597: The late Vedic period until the end of the Maurya Empire , with occupation continuing until the Gupta Empire . Since then, the city has been a political, cultural and administrative centre of the Doab region. Akbarnama mentions that the Mughal emperor Akbar founded a great city in Allahabad. Abd al-Qadir Badayuni and Nizamuddin Ahmad mention that Akbar laid the foundations of an imperial city there which
9690-552: The latter name became predominant after the emperor's death. It has also been thought to not have been named after Allah but ilaha (the gods). Shaligram Shrivastav claimed in Prayag Pradip that the name was deliberately given by Akbar to be construed as both Hindu ("ilaha") and Muslim ("Allah"). Over the years, a number of attempts were made by the BJP -led governments of Uttar Pradesh to rename Allahabad to Prayagraj. In 1992,
9804-490: The legendary Ashram of sage Bharadwaj . Inscription evidence from the famed Ashoka edicts containing Allahabad Pillar – also referred to as the Prayaga Bull pillar – adds to the confusion about the antiquity of this city. Excavations have revealed Northern Black Polished Ware dating to 600–700 BCE. According to Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti , "... there is nothing to suggest that modern Prayag (i e. modern Allahabad)
9918-400: The median) from local lanes which have access to more frequent exits and entrances. Express lanes may have their own shoulders for safety, and sometimes dedicated entrance and exit ramps. (The term "express lane" is also used for HOV and toll lanes, which may or may not be physically separated.) A frontage road is a similar arrangement, were one or more lanes are physically separated from
10032-556: The north of the Railway Station, the new city consists of neighbourhoods like Lukergunj , Civil Lines , Georgetown , Tagoretown , Allahpur , Ashok Nagar , Mumfordgunj , Bharadwaj Puram and others which are relatively new and were built during the British rule . Civil Lines is the central business district of the city and is famous for its urban setting, gridiron plan roads and high rise buildings. Built in 1857, it
10146-754: The outer sides and shoulders being at least 1.5 m (59 in) on each side. A modern Autobahn divided highway with two lanes per direction has lanes 3.75 m (12.3 ft) wide with an additional clearance of 0.50 m (20 in) on each side; with three lanes per direction this becomes 3.75 m (12.3 ft) for the rightmost lane and 3.5 m (11 ft) for the other lanes. Urban access roads and roads in low-density areas may have lanes as narrow as 2.50 m (8.2 ft) in width per lane, occasionally with shoulders roughly 1 m (39 in) wide. Depending on speed, road curvature and vehicle properties, heavy goods vehicle (HGV) combinations are prone to "high speed outside offtracking". This means that
10260-400: The passing lane on the right. Motorways typically have passing lanes along their entire length, but other roads might only have passing lanes for certain segments, depending on design specifications typically related to available space, funding, and traffic levels. A 2+1 road alternates the passing lane between directions every few kilometers/miles. The passing lane is commonly referred to as
10374-412: The physical meeting point of the rivers Ganges and Yamuna in the city. An ancient tradition has it that a third river, invisible Sarasvati, also meets there with the two. Today, Triveni Sangam (or simply Sangam) is a more frequently used name for the confluence. Prayagraj ( Sanskrit : Prayāgarāja ), meaning "the king among the five prayāgas ", is used as a term of respect to indicate that this confluence
10488-527: The pillar first observed by Cunningham, also noted by Krishnaswamy and Ghosh, reveals that these included years and months, and the latter "always turns out to be Magha, which also gives it name to the Magh Mela ", the Prayaga bathing pilgrimage festival of the Hindus. He further stated that the pillar origins were undoubtedly pre-Ashokan based on the new evidence from the archaeological and geological surveys of
10602-432: The pillar, lack of textual evidence for the move in records left by Muslim historians and the difficulty in moving the massive pillar. Further, like Cunningham, they noted that many smaller inscriptions were added on the pillar over time. Quite many of these inscriptions include a date between 1319 CE and 1575 CE, and most of these refer to the month Magha. According to Krishnaswamy and Ghosh, these dates are likely related to
10716-533: The planned rename was shelved when the chief minister, Kalyan Singh , was forced to resign following the Babri Masjid demolition . 2001 saw another attempt led by the government of Rajnath Singh which remained unfulfilled. The rename finally succeeded in October 2018 when the Yogi Adityanath -led government officially changed the name of the city to Prayagraj. The earliest mention of Prayāga and
10830-401: The range can be as low as 1000 passenger cars / hour to as high as 4800 passenger cars / hour but mostly falls between 1500 and 2400 passenger cars / hour. Prayagraj Prayagraj ( / ˈ p r eɪ ə ˌ ɡ r ɑː dʒ , ˈ p r aɪ ə -/ ; ISO : Prayāgarāja ), formerly Allahabad is a metropolis in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh . It is the administrative headquarters of
10944-680: The rearmost axle of the trailer does not follow the lateral path of the truck tractor unit, but may travel significantly—up to 1–3 meters (3–10 ft)—away from the curve center. Hence, narrow lanes on sharp curves have to be designed slightly wider than on straight roads. This effect is much greater on slippery snow-covered roads than on bare asphalt or cement concrete, calling for even larger lane widening. In urban settings both narrow (less than 2.8 m (9.2 ft)) and wide (over 3.1~3.2 m (10.2-10.5 ft)) lanes increase crash risks. Wider lanes (over 3.3~3.4m (10.8-11.2 ft)) are associated with 33% higher impact speeds, as well as higher crash rates. Carrying capacity
11058-459: The rivers. The historian Dr. D. B. Dubey states that it appears that between this period, the sandy plain was washed away by the Ganges, to an extent that the temple and tree seen by the Chinese traveller too was washed away, with the river later changing its course to the east and the confluence shifting to the place where Akbar laid the foundations of his fort. Henry Miers Elliot believed that
11172-570: The road are only meant for travelers for that side of the direction of travel, so only services created on left of the road are available to you but not the same available while traveling in other direction, usually, a similar set of service is created on other side of road at same spot or within few km. of other side facility. 1) About 100 km from Agra Toll Entrance 2) At 219 km from Agra Toll Entrance 1) At 105 km milestone from Lucknow toll entrance. 2) At 205 km milestone from Lucknow toll entrance. The toll rates applicable for
11286-524: The siege of Allahabad. The siege was however, lifted after Parviz and Mahabat Khan came to assist the garrison. During the Mughal war of succession, the commandant of the fort who had joined Shah Shuja made an agreement with Aurangzeb 's officers and surrendered it to Khan Dauran on 12 January 1659. The fort was coveted by the East India Company for the same reasons Akbar built it. British troops were first stationed at Allahabad fort in 1765 as part of
11400-466: The significance of Prayag to Hinduism is found in the various versions of the Prayaga Mahatmya , dated to the late 1st-millennium CE. These Purana-genre Sanskrit texts describe Prayag as a place "bustling with pilgrims, priests, vendors, beggars, guides" and local citizens busy along the confluence of the rivers ( sangam ). Prayaga is also mentioned in the Hindu epic Ramayana , a place with
11514-637: The state of California officially adopted a policy of painting lines on its highways in November 1924. A portion of Interstate 10 near Indio has been named the Dr. June McCarroll Memorial Freeway in her honor. The first lane markings in Europe were painted at an accident hotspot in the small town of Sutton Coldfield near Birmingham , England, in 1921. The success of this experiment made its way to other hotspots and led to standardization of white paint lane markings throughout Great Britain. The first use in Germany
11628-439: The suffix "–bas" was deemed to "savouring too much of Hinduism" and therefore the name was changed to Ilahabad by Shah Jahan . This evolved into the two variant colonial-era spellings of Ilahabad (Hindi: इलाहाबाद) and Allahabad. According to Maclean, these variant spellings have a political basis, as "Ilaha–" means "the gods" for Hindus, while Allah is the term for God to Muslims. After Prince Salim 's coup against Akbar and
11742-422: The surrounding people calling it Alhabas , has led to some people holding the view that it was named after Alha from Alha's story . James Forbes ' account of the early 1800s claims that it was renamed Allahabad or "Abode of God" by Jahangir after he failed to destroy the Akshayavat tree. The name, however, predates him, with Ilahabas and Ilahabad mentioned on coins minted in the city since Akbar's rule,
11856-537: The time of Al-Biruni who calls it as "Prayaga", located at the confluence of Ganga and Yamuna. The historic literature of Hinduism and Buddhism before the Mughal emperor Akbar use the term Prayag, and never use the term Allahabad or its variants. Its history before the Mughal Emperor Akbar is unclear. In contrast to the account of Xuanzang, the Muslim historians place the tree at the confluence of
11970-503: The triveni site (Prayaga), the major and minor inscriptions as well as textual evidence, taken together. Archaeological and geological surveys done since the 1950s, states Irwin, have revealed that the rivers – particularly Ganges – had a different course in distant past than now. The original path of river Ganges at the Prayaga confluence had settlements dating from the 8th century BCE onwards. According to Karel Werner – an Indologist known for his studies on religion particularly Buddhism,
12084-537: The wished spot and laid the foundations of the city and planned four forts." Abul Fazal adds, "Ilahabad anciently called Prayag was distinguished by His Imperial Majesty [Akbar] by the former name". The role of Akbar in founding the Ilahabad – later called Allahabad – fort and city is mentioned by ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni as well. Nizamuddin Ahmad gives two different dates for Allahabad's foundation, in different sections of Tabaqat-i-Akbari . He states that Akbar laid
12198-420: The world and became standard for most roads. Originally, lines were drawn manually with ordinary paint which faded quickly. After World War II, the first machines for line markings were invented. Plastic strips became standard in the 1950s. This gradually led to the placement of plastic lane markings on all major roads. A passing lane (North American English), overtaking lane (English outside North America)
12312-543: Was an ancient city. Yet it is inconceivable that one of the holiest places of Hinduism, Prayag or the confluence of the Ganga and Yamuna should be without a major ancient city." Chakrabarti suggests that the city of Jhusi , opposite the confluence, must have been the "ancient settlement of Prayag". Archaeological surveys since the 1950s has revealed the presence of human settlements near the sangam since c. 800 BCE. Along with Ashoka's Brahmi script inscription from
12426-513: Was called Ilahabas or Ilahabad . In the early 17th century, Allahabad was a provincial capital in the Mughal Empire under the reign of Jahangir . In 1833, it became the seat of the Ceded and Conquered Provinces region before its capital was moved to Agra in 1835. Allahabad became the capital of the North-Western Provinces in 1858 and was the capital of India for a day. The city
12540-524: Was however, unwilling to give them up and made appeals to the English and the Marathas did not fare well at the Battle of Ramghat. In August and September 1773, Warren Hastings met Shuja and concluded a treaty, under which Kora and Allahabad were ceded to the Nawab for a payment of 50 lakh rupees. Saadat Ali Khan II , after being made the Nawab by John Shore , entered into a treaty with the company and gave
12654-503: Was in Berlin in 1925, where white paint marked both lanes and road edges. When the standard for the new autobahn network was conceived in the 1930s, it mandated the usage of black paint for the center line for each carriageway. Black is more visible on the bright surface of concrete. By 1939, lane markings had become so popular that they were officially standardized throughout the United States. The concept of lane markings spread throughout
12768-654: Was known in antiquity first as the Kuru, then as the Vats country. To the southwest is Bundelkhand , to the east and southeast is Baghelkhand , to the north and northeast is Awadh and to the west is the lower doab (of which Prayagraj is part). The city is divided by a railway line running east–west. South of the railway is the Old Chowk area, and the British-built Civil Lines is north of it. Prayagraj
12882-413: Was the capital of the United Provinces from 1902 to 1920 and remained at the forefront of national importance during the struggle for Indian independence . Prayagraj is one of the international tourism destinations, securing the second position in terms of tourist arrivals in the state after Varanasi . Located in southern Uttar Pradesh, the city covers 365 km (141 sq mi). Although
12996-526: Was the largest town-planning project carried out in India before the establishment of New Delhi . Prayagraj has many buildings featuring Indo-Islamic and Indo-Saracenic architecture . Although several buildings from the colonial period have been declared "heritage structures", others are deteriorating. Famous landmarks of the city are Allahabad Museum , New Yamuna Bridge , Allahabad University , Triveni Sangam, All Saints Cathedral , Anand Bhavan , Chandrashekhar Azad Park etc. The city experiences one of
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