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154-609: The Airbus Corporate Jet Centre is based in Toulouse, France, and specialises in single-aisle aircraft. The ACJ family is based on the A320 family of aircraft, beginning with the A319CJ. Today any version of the A320 is available as a corporate jet with a 180-minute ETOPS rating. Changes over the passenger versions include an increase in service ceiling to 41,000 ft (12,000 m) and

308-420: A 10% procurement costs decrease would add six gross margin points to the programme. Airbus waited to win several new orders before increasing pressure on suppliers and catching their attention in 2019 with the sale of 135 A220s to U.S. airlines, including a follow-up order from Delta. The market share was split between 80% A220-300 and 20% A220-100. Delivery rates continued to climb with the new brand, reaching

462-678: A 3.5% fuel burn reduction on flights over 2,800 km (1,500 nmi; 1,700 mi), saving approximately US$ 220,000 and 700 t of CO 2 per aircraft per year. The 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) tall wingtip devices are manufactured by Korean Air Aerospace Division. In December 2011, Airbus filed suit in the western district of Texas over Aviation Partners ' claims of infringement of its patents on winglet design and construction which were granted in 1993. Airbus' lawsuit seeks to reject responsibility to pay royalties to Aviation Partners for using its designs, despite work performed together with both parties to develop advanced winglets for

616-817: A 60 monthly global production rate by mid-2019, the Tianjin line delivered 51 in 2016 and it could assemble six per month from four as it starts producing A320neos in 2017; 147 Airbus were delivered in 2016 in China, 20% of its production, mostly A320-family, a 47% market share as the country should become the world's largest market ahead of the US before 2027. In June 2018, along a larger and modernised delivery centre, Airbus inaugurated its fourth Hamburg production line, with two seven-axis robots to drill 80% of fuselage upper side holes, autonomous mobile tooling platforms and following Design Thinking principles. By January 2019, Mobile

770-506: A 7,700 nmi (14,300 km) range for 75 passengers. It is powered by four CFM56-5C4/P engines, each rated at 151 kN (34,000 lbf) thrust. The ACJ340-500 is a longer-range complement to the A340-300 Prestige with a 10,000 nmi (19,000 km) range as a result of having a higher fuel capacity and an updated wing with increased span and area. It carries 75 passengers and can link almost any imaginable city pair on

924-577: A 95- to 125-seat aircraft project. The programme was called the AE31X , and covered the 95-seat AE316 and 115- to 125-seat AE317. The former would have had an overall length of 31.3 m (102 ft 8 in), while the AE317 was longer by 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in), at 34.5 m (113 ft 2 in). The engines were to be two Rolls-Royce BR715s, CFM56-9s, or the Pratt & Whitney PW6000 ; with

1078-494: A company based in Wichita , Kansas , USA. Two aircraft were used in the flight test evaluation campaign – the prototype A320, which had been retained by Airbus for testing, and a new build aircraft which was fitted with both types of winglets before it was delivered to JetBlue . Despite the anticipated efficiency gains and development work, Airbus announced that those winglets would not be offered to customers, claiming that

1232-620: A day and by July up to nine a day with an average time of 1 hours 15 minutes. airBaltic's flight length averaged 3 hours, and the average fleet daily usage was 14 hours. On 8 August, following the steep approach certification by EASA, Swiss operated its first revenue flight from Zurich to London City, replacing the Avro RJ. As of September, the CSeries fleet had undergone 20 A Checks with no significant maintenance issues, and over 1.5 million passengers had 16,000 revenue flights in

1386-551: A design called the HS.134 "Airbus" in 1965, an evolution of the HS.121 (formerly DH.121) Trident , which shared much of the general arrangement of the later JET3 study design. The name "Airbus" at the time referred to a BEA requirement, rather than to the later international programme. In June 1977 a new Joint European Transport (JET) programme was set up, established by British Aerospace (BAe), Aerospatiale , Dornier and Fokker . It

1540-512: A dispute between the French, who claimed the move would incur $ 150 million (€135 million) in unnecessary expenditures associated with the new plant, and the Germans, who argued that it would be more productive for Airbus in the long run. The second production line was located at Hamburg , which would also subsequently produce the smaller Airbus A319 and A318. For the first time, Airbus entered

1694-437: A full glass cockpit, rather than the hybrid versions found in previous airliners. It is also equipped with an Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) with side-stick controllers. The A320 has an Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitor (ECAM) to give the flight crew information about all of the systems on the aircraft. The only analogue instruments were the radio-magnetic indicator and brake pressure indicator. Since 2003,

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1848-664: A fuselage diameter of "the Boeing 707 and 727, or do something better" and settled on a wider cross-section with a 3.7 m (12 ft 2 in) internal width, compared to Boeing's 3.45 m (11 ft 4 in). Although heavier, this allowed the A320 to compete more effectively with the 737. The A320 wing went through several design stages, eventually measuring 33.91 m (111 ft 3 in). The UK, France and West Germany wanted responsibility over final assembly and its associated work, known as "work-share arguments". The Germans requested an increased work-share of 40%, while

2002-453: A new air purifier with filters and a catalytic converter , removing unpleasant smells from the air before it is pumped into the cabin, as well as LEDs for mood lighting and a new passenger service unit (PSU). Offering 10% more overhead bin volume, more shoulder room, a weight reduction, a new intercom and in-flight entertainment system, noise reduction and slimmer PSU, the enhanced cabin can be retrofitted. The flight crew controls

2156-552: A package of CA$ 372.5 million in interest-free loans for the company, with the programme to receive one-third. In 2016, Bombardier achieved its goal of delivering seven CSeries aircraft to both launch operators, Swiss and airBaltic . Production was then set to ramp to 30–35 aircraft deliveries in 2017 after PW1500G engine supply and start issues were resolved. However, the CSeries delivery goal for 2017 had to be revised to 20–22 aircraft only, due to persistent engine delivery delays, and finally, only 17 deliveries were completed in

2310-447: A preliminary 80% anti-dumping duty, resulting in a duty of 300%. The DoC announced its final ruling, a total duty of 292%, on 20 December, hailing it as an affirmation of the " America First " policy. In October, with financial issues already mounting, Bombardier was indirectly forced by the US government tariffs to relinquish 50.01% of its stake in the CSeries program to Airbus for a symbolic CAD $ 1, and would produce CSeries aircraft in

2464-455: A production rate of 63 aircraft per month by 2021, which would result in the 10,000th delivery occurring early that year. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation , demand for new jets was reduced in 2020 and Airbus cut its monthly production from 60 to 40 A320s. In October 2020, the 500th A320 built in Tianjin, an A320neo, was delivered to China Southern , twelve years after

2618-459: A range of 4,300 nmi or 7,800 km. The A320 Prestige is offered as a variant for passengers who want more interior space than the A319 offers. It has a passenger capacity of 30, with two removable fuel tanks. In 2018, its unit cost was $ 115M. The A321 is the largest narrow-body corporate jet with a full passenger range of 4,200 nmi (7,800 km). Two A320neo family variants are offered:

2772-597: A retired A380 would cost less than buying a new A330 or Boeing 777 business jet. Airbus A320 family The Airbus A320 family is a series of narrow-body airliners developed and produced by Airbus . The A320 was launched in March 1984, first flew on 22 February 1987, and was introduced in April 1988 by Air France . The first member of the family was followed by the stretched A321 (first delivered in January 1994),

2926-414: A retractable tricycle landing gear and powered by two wing pylon-mounted turbofan engines . After the oil price rises of the 1970s , Airbus needed to minimise the trip fuel costs of the A320. To that end, it adopted composite primary structures for the empennage with a conventional tail configuration, centre-of-gravity control using fuel, a glass cockpit ( EFIS ) with side-stick controllers and

3080-404: A second-half 2012 first flight as it was to receive the first fuselage package until mid-2012 at the earliest and Pratt & Whitney still had "a little bit more work to do" to meet the requirement. In June 2012, Bombardier reaffirmed the first flight should happen before the year's end with subsequent entry into service remaining 2013. In July 2012, Bombardier began discussions with AirAsia at

3234-536: A shorter-range twinjet rather than a longer-range quadjet wanted by the West Germans, particularly Lufthansa . However, works proceeded, and the German carrier would eventually order the twinjet. In February 1981 the project was re-designated A320, with efforts focused on the blueprint formerly designated SA2. During the year, Airbus worked with Delta Air Lines on a 150-seat aircraft envisioned and required by

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3388-415: A significant upgrade in the event of an engine derivative for the CSeries program. Both prospective engine suppliers for the CSeries program were uncertain about the aircraft market projections after Bombardier failed to address these concerns, but they left the door open to future discussions of a potential program. Bombardier then returned to Pratt & Whitney (P&W) in search of the right engine for

3542-482: A strategic partner beyond the period required in the clauses, allowing it to acquire Investissement Québec's stake no earlier than 2023 and Bombardier's stake no earlier than 2025, but with main production remaining in Mirabel, Québec until at least 2041. The partnership was subject to regulatory approvals, and during competition investigation, Airbus and Bombardier were to operate separately and clean teams planned

3696-526: A total output of 33 in 2018, and then rising to 48 A220 in 2019. The groundbreaking ceremony for the $ 300 million final assembly line (FAL) at the Airbus Mobile plant in Mobile, Alabama was held on 16 January 2019; on this occasion Airbus confirmed its confidence that there is enough demand to justify two assembly sites and that the airliner can be profitable. On 5 August 2019, production started at

3850-460: A two-crew flight deck. Airbus claimed the 737-300 burns 35% more fuel and has a 16% higher operating cost per seat than the V2500 -powered A320. A 150-seat A320 burns 11,608 kg (25,591 lb) of jet fuel over 2,151 nmi (3,984 km; 2,475 mi) (between Los Angeles and New York City), or 2.43 L/100 km (97 mpg ‑US ) per seat with a 0.8 kg/L fuel. Its wing

4004-500: A wingspan of 31.0 m (101 ft 8 in) and a flight deck similar to that of the A320 family. Costing $ 2 billion (€1.85 billion) to develop, aircraft production was to take place in China. Simultaneously, Airbus was developing the Airbus A318. In early 1998, Airbus revealed that it was designing a 100-seat aircraft based on the A320. The AE31X project was terminated by September 1998, and Airbus officially announced

4158-523: Is 37.6 m (123 ft) long and can accommodate 150 to 186 passengers. The 44.5 m (146 ft) A321 offers 185 to 230 seats. The Airbus Corporate Jets are modified business jet versions of the standard commercial variants. In December 2010, Airbus announced the re-engined A320neo ( new engine option ), which entered service with Lufthansa in January 2016. With more efficient turbofans and improvements including sharklets , it offers up to 15% better fuel economy . The previous A320 generation

4312-899: Is a family of five-abreast narrow-body airliners by Airbus Canada Limited Partnership (ACLP). It was originally developed by Bombardier Aviation and had two years in service as the Bombardier CSeries . The program was launched on 13 July 2008. The smaller A220-100 (formerly CS100) first flew on 16 September 2013, received an initial type certificate from Transport Canada on 18 December 2015, and entered service on 15 July 2016 with launch operator Swiss Global Air Lines . The longer A220-300 (formerly CS300) first flew on 27 February 2015, received an initial type certificate on 11 July 2016, and entered service with airBaltic on 14 December 2016. Both launch operators recorded better-than-expected fuel burn and dispatch reliability, as well as positive feedback from passengers and crew. In July 2018,

4466-445: Is for Bombardier to win orders these days.[...]. It also raises the question of how profitable the next C Series order they win will be for them." On 28 April 2016, Bombardier Aerospace , a division of Bombardier Inc. , recorded a firm order from Delta Air Lines for 75 CSeries CS100s plus 50 options. On 27 April 2017, The Boeing Company filed a petition for dumping them at $ 19.6m each, below their $ 33.2m production cost. On

4620-459: Is long and thin, offering better aerodynamic efficiency because of the higher aspect ratio than the competing 737 and MD-80. The Airbus A320 family are low-wing cantilever monoplanes with a conventional empennage with a single vertical stabiliser and rudder . Its wing sweep is 25 degrees. Compared to other airliners of the same class, the A320 features a wider single-aisle cabin of 3.95 metres (156 in) outside diameter, compared to

4774-692: Is now called A320ceo ( current engine option ). American Airlines is the largest A320 operator with 479 aircraft in its fleet, while IndiGo is the largest customer with 930 aircraft on order. In October 2019, the A320 family surpassed the Boeing 737 to become the highest-selling airliner. As of October 2024 , a total of 18,994 A320 family aircraft had been ordered and 11,707 delivered , of which 10,803 aircraft were in service with more than 350 operators. The global A320 fleet had completed more than 176 million flights over 328 million block hours since its entry into service. The A320ceo initially competed with

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4928-533: Is the distance between two antipodes , allowing connection with any suitable airport. One executive variant of the Airbus A380 was ordered in 2012, with two full decks and a third deck in the cargo compartment, but the aircraft was sold as a regular aircraft before modifications were made. Range was to be increased to 8,900 nmi (16,500 km). The undelivered plane, ordered by Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal ,

5082-632: The 737 Classic and the MD-80 , then their successors, the 737 Next Generation (737NG) and the MD-90 respectively, while the 737 MAX is Boeing's response to the A320neo. When Airbus designed the A300 during the late 1960s and early 1970s, it envisaged a broad family of airliners with which to compete against Boeing and Douglas (later McDonnell Douglas ), two established US aerospace manufacturers. From

5236-735: The 737-600 first delivered in September 1998. Bombardier appointed Gary Scott on 8 March 2004 to evaluate the creation of a New Commercial Aircraft Program. A feasibility study for a five-seat abreast CSeries was then launched at the biennial Farnborough Airshow in July to investigate development of an aircraft to replace rival manufacturers' aging models: DC-9/MD-80, Fokker 100, Boeing 737 Classic and BAe-146 with 20% lower operating costs, and 15% lower operating costs than then-in-production models: Embraer E-Jet, Boeing 717, etc. The smaller variant ( C110 ) should carry 110 to 115 passengers and

5390-609: The A220 pre-FAL , a U-shaped pre-assembly line with four stations used for preparatory work and seven for the actual equipping, in order to install systems earlier, stabilising the production process. The equipped fuselage sections are then moved to the FAL in Mirabel or in Mobile at a rate of six per month as of November 2022. These investments had accelerated A220 production and confirmed that

5544-562: The A319neo in the Airbus range and competes with Boeing 737 MAX 7 , as well as the smaller four-abreast Embraer E195-E2 and E190-E2 , with the A220 holding over 55% market share in this small airliner category. Bombardier began discussions with Fokker on 5 February 1996 about acquiring that company's assets, including the 100-seat Fokker 100 short-haul aircraft. However, after evaluating

5698-478: The A320neo re-engine. Airbus opted to compete aggressively against the CSeries rather than ignoring it, as Boeing had done with Airbus. Airbus dropped the A320's price in head-to-head competition, successfully blocking Bombardier from several deals. The effect of stiff competition and production delays was apparent in early 2016. On 20 January, United Continental Holdings ordered 40 Boeing 737-700s instead of

5852-454: The Airbus partnership ; these could include putting doors on the exposed main wheels, reducing drag but adding weight and complexity, and adding two to three more seats by moving the aft lavatory, without reducing the seat pitch. On 21 May 2019, Airbus announced a 2,268 kg (5,000 lb) MTOW increase from the second half of 2020, from 60.8 to 63.1 t (134,000 to 139,000 lb) for

6006-586: The COVID-19 pandemic , the A220 was expected to reach a production rate of five aircraft per month by the end of the first quarter as previously foreseen. In May 2021, Airbus targeted a production rate of six per month from early 2022, and intends to reach 14 (ten in Quebec and four in Alabama) per month by the middle of the decade to be profitable. On 10 January 2022, Airbus introduced a "sub-assembly line" or

6160-597: The EUROPLANE , a 180- to 200-seat aircraft. It was abandoned after intruding on A310 specifications. VFW-Fokker , Dornier and Hawker Siddeley worked on a number of 150-seat designs. The design within the JET study that was carried forward was the JET2 (163 passengers), which then became the Airbus S.A1/2/3 series (Single Aisle), before settling on the A320 name for its launch in 1984. Previously, Hawker Siddeley had produced

6314-617: The Government of Quebec US$ 87.5 million and the Government of the United Kingdom US$ 340 million (£180 million), repayable on a royalty basis per aircraft. The UK contribution is part of an investment partnership for the location of the development of the composite wings and other parts at the Belfast plant, where Bombardier bought Short Brothers in 1989. Despite government support, Bombardier had difficulty finding

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6468-569: The Paris Air Show in June, Bombardier released updated performance data, showing improvements over the initial specifications. The CS100 passed the required certification tests by mid-November. On 25 November, Bombardier completed the first phase of its route proving capabilities, with a 100% dispatch reliability. The final prototype, FTV8, the second CS300 with a complete interior, made its first flight on 3 March 2016. The smallest model in

6622-530: The V2500Select (One) . In 2006, Airbus tested three styles of winglets intended to counteract the wing's lift-induced drag and wingtip vortices more effectively than the previous wingtip fence . The first design type to be tested was developed by Airbus and based on work done by the AWIATOR programme. The second type of winglet incorporated a more blended design and was designed by Winglet Technology,

6776-646: The bond market , through which it raised $ 480 million (€475 million) to finance development costs. An additional $ 180 million (€175 million) was borrowed from the European Investment Bank and private investors. The maiden flight of the Airbus A321 came on 11 March 1993, when the prototype , registration F-WWIA, flew with IAE V2500 engines; the second prototype, equipped with CFM56-5B turbofans, flew in May. Lufthansa and Alitalia were

6930-479: The dark cockpit (where an indicator is off when its system is running; useful for drawing attention to dysfunctions when an indicator is lit) from the A310, the first widebody designed to be operated without a flight engineer and influenced by Bernard Ziegler , first Airbus CEO Henri Ziegler 's son. The A320 is the world's first airliner with digital fly-by-wire (FBW) flight control system : input commands through

7084-596: The integration with privileged access to competitively sensitive data but separated from their management. Embraer assured at the Dubai Airshow in November 2017 that its base country Brazil would sue Canada for its subsidies to Bombardier through the World Trade Organization , because the competitor viewed CSeries as a heavy, expensive, and long, thin-haul aircraft outperforming

7238-475: The landing gear , air management system and pneumatics; UTC Aerospace for the electrical system and lighting; Parker for the fuel, hydraulics and fly by wire systems, Goodrich for the engine nacelle ; Meggitt for the wheels and brakes; Michelin for the tires; Spirit for the pylons; Honeywell for the APU ; and PPG supplies the windows. Supplier costs could be cut by 30–40% through Airbus's market power , as

7392-510: The side-stick are interpreted by flight control computers and transmitted to flight control surfaces within the flight envelope protection ; in the 1980s the computer-controlled dynamic system of the Dassault Mirage 2000 fighter cross-fertilised the Airbus team which tested FBW on an A300 . At its introduction, fly-by-wire and flight envelope protection was a new experience for many pilots. Airbus A220 The Airbus A220

7546-424: The 100- to 150-seat market, and needed a supply chain cost reduction over 10%. It then sought to reduce costs from all suppliers, including Bombardier, wing builder Short Brothers and engine manufacturer Pratt & Whitney, and had reportedly pushed its suppliers to lower their prices by 20% for more volume, or to switch them, towards 150 yearly deliveries. As of January 2019, the A220 suppliers were Liebherr for

7700-459: The 18 aircraft in service, making up to 100 revenue flights per day on 100 routes: most used were up to 17 hours per day and up to 10 legs per day. Thirty-five minute turnarounds allowed 11 legs per day. On 22 December, after months of engine delivery delays, Korean Air became the third and latest operator of CSeries after receiving its first CS300, and completed its first revenue flight from Seoul to Ulsan on 20 January 2018. The aircraft

7854-400: The 3,588 nautical miles (6,645 km; 4,129 mi) great circle route to Winnipeg , Manitoba from Hamburg in 9 hours and 5 minutes. The A319 has proven popular with low-cost airlines such as EasyJet , which purchased 172 of them. The A318 was born out of mid-1990 studies between Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC), Singapore Technologies Aerospace , Alenia and Airbus on

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8008-496: The 3.8 m (148 in) of the Boeing 737 or 757 , and larger overhead bins. Its cargo hold can accommodate unit load device containers. The A320 airframe includes composite materials and aluminium alloys to save weight and reduce the total number of parts to decrease the maintenance costs. Its tail assembly is made almost entirely of such composites by CASA, which also builds the elevators , main landing gear doors, and rear fuselage parts. The A320 flight deck features

8162-639: The 38.7 m (127 ft) long A220-300 seats 130 to 160. The ACJ TwoTwenty is the business jet version of the A220-100, launched in late 2020. Delta Air Lines is the largest A220 customer and operator with 72 aircraft in its fleet as of October 2024 . A total of 912 A220s have been ordered of which 367 have been delivered and are all in commercial service with 22 operators. The global A220 fleet has completed more than 1.33 million flights over 2.32 million block hours, transporting more than 100 million passengers without accidents. The A220 family complements

8316-483: The A220-100 and 67.6 to 69.9 t (149,000 to 154,000 lb) for the A220-300, expanding the range by 450 nmi (830 km; 520 mi): the A220-300 to 3,350 and 3,400 nmi (6,200 and 6,300 km; 3,860 and 3,910 mi) for the A220-100. With the Airbus ruleset (90 kg (200 lb) passengers with bags, 3% enroute reserve, 200 nmi (370 km; 230 mi) alternate and 30 minutes hold),

8470-484: The A318 at that year's Farnborough Airshow. The aircraft was the smallest in Airbus's product range, and was developed coincidentally at the same time as the largest commercial aircraft in history, the Airbus A380 . First called A319M5 in as early as March 1995, it was shorter by 0.79-metre (2 ft 7 in) ahead of the wing and 1.6 metres (5 ft 3 in) behind. These cuts reduced passenger capacity from 124 on

8624-405: The A319 to 107 passengers in a two-class layout. Range was 5,700 kilometres (3,100 nmi; 3,500 mi), or 5,950 kilometres (3,210 nmi; 3,700 mi) with upcoming Sharklets . The 107-seater was launched on 26 April 1999 with the options and orders count at 109 aircraft. After three years of design, the maiden flight took place at Hamburg on 15 January 2002. Tests on the lead engine,

8778-527: The A320 has featured liquid crystal display (LCD) units on the flight deck instead of the original cathode-ray tube (CRT) displays. These include both main displays and the backup artificial horizon , which also previously had an analogue display. Airbus offers an avionics upgrade for older A320 aircraft, the In-Service Enhancement Package, to keep them updated. Digital head-up displays are also available. The A320 retained

8932-563: The A320 overall. The length increase required enlarged overwing exits, which were repositioned in front of and behind the wings. The centre fuselage and undercarriage were reinforced to accommodate an increase in maximum takeoff weight of 9,600 kg (21,200 lb), for a total of 83,000 kg (183,000 lb). Final assembly for the A321 would be, as a first for any Airbus, carried out in Germany (then West Germany). This came after

9086-408: The A320 was to be named A30X . In 2007, Airbus North America President Barry Eccleston stated that the earliest the aircraft could have been available was 2017. In January 2010, John Leahy , Airbus's chief operating officer-customers, stated that an all-new single-aisle aircraft was unlikely to be constructed before 2024 or 2025. The Airbus A320 family are narrow-body (single-aisle) aircraft with

9240-539: The A320 was to be supplied by two CFM56-5-A1s rated at 111 kN (25,000 pounds-force). It was the only engine available until the arrival of the IAE V2500 , offered by International Aero Engines , a group composed of Rolls-Royce plc , Pratt & Whitney , Japanese Aero Engine Corporation , Fiat and MTU . The first V2500 variant, the V2500-A1, has a thrust output of 110  kN (25,000 pounds-force ), hence

9394-835: The A320, either the CFM International CFM56 -5 or the V2527 . The A319CJ was used by the Escadron de transport, d'entrainement et de calibration which is in charge of transportation for France's government officials, and was also ordered by the Flugbereitschaft of the Luftwaffe for the transport of German government officials. Since 2003, an ACJ is a presidential aircraft of Armenia , Brazil , Czech Republic , Italy , Malaysia , Slovakia , Thailand , Turkey , Ukraine and Venezuela . The ACJ320 offered

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9548-674: The ACJ Two twenty is offered with up to five removable auxiliary centre tanks (ACT). Airbus expects to launch the ACJ TwoTwenty in the first quarter of 2023. The ACJ TwoTwenty made its first flight on 14 December 2021, before delivery to Comlux to be outfitted with a VIP cabin in Indianapolis. In 2022, its equipped price was $ 80M. The VIP widebodies are based on the A330 / A340 / A350 / A380 aircraft. Additional fuel tanks extend

9702-592: The ACJ319neo, carrying eight passengers up to 6,750 nmi (12,500 km), and the ACJ320neo, carrying 25 up to 6,000 nmi (11,000 km). The CFM LEAP or Pratt & Whitney PW1000G lower fuel-burn provides additional range along with lower engine noise while the cabin altitude does not exceed 6,400 ft (2,000 m). To increase its fuel capacity, the ACJ319neo is offered with up to five additional centre tanks (ACT). The ACJ320neo first flight

9856-596: The Airbus A320neo. The first sharklet-equipped Airbus A320 was delivered to Indonesia AirAsia on 21 December 2012, offering a 450 kg (990 lb) payload and 100 nmi (190 km; 120 mi) range increases over the original aircraft specifications. In 2007, Airbus introduced a new enhanced, quieter cabin with better luggage storage and a more modern look and feel, and a new galley that reduced weight, increased revenue space and improved ergonomics and design for food hygiene and recycling. It offered

10010-649: The Airbus Americas factory in Mobile, Alabama . Airbus produced a total of 42 A320s per month in 2015, and expected to increase to 50 per month in 2017. Production of parts takes place in a large number of countries around the world. For example, the centre fuselage is made in Hamburg, Germany; the horizontal stabiliser is produced in Getafe, Spain; and the rudder is produced in Harbin, China. As Airbus targets

10164-503: The British wanted the major responsibilities to be swapped around to give partners production and research and development experience. In the end, British work-share was increased from that of the two previous Airbuses. France was willing to commit to launch aid, or subsidies, while the Germans were more cautious. The UK government was unwilling to provide funding for the tooling, requested by BAe and estimated at £ 250 million; it

10318-751: The CS100 18 to 27% less per seat than the Avro RJ100 . Furthermore, the CS300 was designed to be 6 t (13,000 lb) lighter than the Airbus A319neo and nearly 8 t (18,000 lb) lighter than the Boeing 737 MAX 7, giving it an operating cost advantage of up to 12%. After 28,000 engine hours in 14 in-service aircraft with a dispatch reliability of 99.9%, Swiss replaced an engine pair in May 2017 after 2,400 hours, while airBaltic replaced another one in June. Swiss initially flew six sectors

10472-416: The CS100 received Transport Canada and EASA steep approach certification. The first CSeries, a CS100, was delivered to Swiss Global Air Lines on 29 June 2016 at Montréal–Mirabel International Airport , and began commercial service on 15 July with a flight between Zürich and Paris . The launch operator stated in August, that "the customer feedback is very positive with the expected remarks concerning

10626-408: The CS300 range was 2% better, as were its per seat and per trip cost , and burned over 1% less fuel at 2,600 L/h. On long missions, the CS100 was up to 1% more fuel efficient than the brochure and the CS300 up to 3%. Therefore, Bombardier would update its performance specifications later in 2017. The CS300 burned 20% less fuel than the Airbus A319ceo , 21% less than the Boeing 737 Classic while

10780-504: The CSeries at one of the most important aerospace events in that year, Farnborough Airshow. On 7 September, flight testing was resumed after the engine problem had been isolated to a fault in the lubrication system. On 18 September, Bombardier relocated the FTV4 to Wichita , Kansas (USA) joined FTV3 at the Bombardier Flight Test Center to take advantage of better weather for flight testing. The CS300 (FTV7) made its maiden flight from Mirabel airport on 27 February 2015, seven days after

10934-426: The CSeries business plan and were further tasked to include other risk-sharing partners in the program. Bombardier announced on 31 January 2007 that work on the aircraft would continue, with entry into service planned for 2013. In November 2007, Bombardier finally selected the P&W Geared Turbofan (GTF), now the PW1500G , already selected to power the Mitsubishi Regional Jet , to be the exclusive powerplant for

11088-538: The CSeries due to the availability of the type that already in full production, and commonality with the United's 737 fleet of 310 aircraft. Boeing also reportedly gave United a massive 73% discount on the 737 deal, dropping the price to $ 22 million per unit, well below the CS300 market value at $ 36 million. David Tyerman, an analyst with Canaccord Genuity said to the Toronto Star : "This just shows how difficult it

11242-593: The CSeries programme into Airbus hands by pressing the U.S. administration for massive tariffs on the aircraft. Bombardier CEO predicted that the partnership would significantly accelerate sales as it would bring certainty to the CSeries programme through Airbus's global scale. AirInsight estimated that Airbus's corporate strength would increase the CSeries share of the 100- to 150-seat aircraft market over 20 years, from 40% of 5,636 aircraft (2254 sales) to 55–60%, around 3,010 aircraft. Airbus would retain Bombardier as

11396-571: The CSeries would be done in Mirabel , wings would be developed and manufactured in Belfast and the aft fuselage and cockpit would be manufactured in Saint-Laurent, Quebec . The centre fuselage was to be built by China Aviation Industry Corporation (AVIC)'s affiliate Shenyang Aircraft Corporation . In March 2009, Bombardier confirmed major suppliers: Alenia Aeronautica for the composite horizontal and vertical stabilisers, Fokker Elmo for

11550-505: The CSeries, although the company had already rejected a PW6000 derivative offered by P&W a year earlier, maintaining its original plan to launch the all-new aircraft program only with a new centreline engine as well. Bombardier announced on 31 January 2006 that market conditions could not justify the launch of the program, and that the company would reorient CSeries project efforts, team and resources to regional jet and turboprop aircraft. A small team of employees were kept to develop

11704-408: The CSeries, rated at 100 kN (23,000 lbf). Bombardier's Board of Directors authorized offering formal sales proposals of the CSeries to airline customers on 22 February 2008, due to its 20% lower fuel burn and up to 15% better operating costs compared to similarly sized aircraft produced at the time. This interested Lufthansa , Qatar Airways and ILFC . In a press conference on the eve of

11858-550: The EASA on 7 October that cleared the delivery to its launch operator airBaltic , and from the FAA on 14 December 2016. Both models were awarded a common type rating on 23 November 2016 simultaneously from Transport Canada and EASA, allowing pilots to qualify on both types interchangeably. Bombardier conducted steep 5.5˚ approach landings tests at London City Airport (LCY) in March 2017, and announced one month later, April 2017, that

12012-493: The Farnborough Airshow about a 160-seat high-density CS300 concept, which was subsequently added to the CSeries program in November, despite the low cost airline 's refusal to order 100 units of this version.. In the same month, Bombardier announced a six-month delay in both the first flight to June 2013 and the entry into service (EIS) of the CS100 a year later due to unspecified supplier issues in some areas of

12166-471: The MTOW of 53.3 t (118,000 lb) for the smaller version and 58 t (128,000 lb) for the AE317, the thrust requirement were 77.9–84.6 kN (17,500–19,000 lbf) and 84.6–91.2 kN (19,000–20,500 lbf), respectively. Range was settled at 5,200 km (2,800 nmi; 3,200 mi) and 5,800 km (3,100 nmi; 3,600 mi) for the high gross weights of both variants. Both share

12320-460: The Mobile facility, which was not due to be finished until 2020; work started early to ensure that the first delivery schedule could be met. The removal of Bombardier's financial constraints in February 2020 gave Airbus greater latitude for further investment in the programme, which will be needed to ramp up production rates, though this will push back the break-even point of the programme to

12474-519: The PW6000, revealed worse-than-expected fuel consumption. Consequently, Pratt & Whitney abandoned the five-stage high-pressure compressor (HPC) for the MTU-designed six-stage HPC. The 129 order book for the A318 shrunk to 80 largely because of switches to other A320 family members. After 17 months of flight certification, during which 850 hours and 350 flights were accumulated, JAA certification

12628-512: The Swedish lessor. In August 2014, Bombardier changed the programme's management and slashed its workforce. In 2015, in exchange for help in the final development stages of the "overdue and over-budget" aircraft, Bombardier offered to sell a controlling stake in the CSeries programme to Airbus but then had to look for alternatives after the latter confirmed in October that it had turned down

12782-531: The United States. On 10 January 2018, Canada formally filed a complaint at the World Trade Organization (WTO) against the United States over the affair. On 26 January, the four USITC commissioners unanimously reversed their earlier claims, finding that US industry is no longer threatened and no duty orders will be issued, overturning the imposed duties. The Commission public report was made available by February 2018. On March 22, Boeing declined to appeal

12936-421: The acceleration of the A220 production rate to 14 A220s per month. Accordingly, Airbus would invest $ 900m into the aircraft programme and Investissement Québec $ 300m, allowing the partnership to continue until the programme becomes profitable in the middle of the decade. In addition, 2030 had been set as the new earliest date for Airbus to acquire the remaining shares, with Quebec hoping to definitely profit from

13090-506: The acquisition terms Airbus acquired Bombardier's option to buy out Investissement Québec's share from 2023, with a revised option date of 2026. Airbus also agreed to acquire A220 and A330 work package production capabilities from Bombardier in Saint-Laurent , to be taken through the Airbus subsidiary, Stelia Aerospace . Airbus and the government of Quebec agreed in February 2022 to invest a further $ 1.2b in Airbus Canada, to support

13244-490: The air management system, and it was also anticipated that wireless In-Flight Entertainment (IFE) might be feasible when the CSeries entered service. By November, the first wing had been assembled at the Bombardier Aerostructures and Engineering Services (BAES) site in Belfast, Northern Ireland . In the same month, construction of a composite wing manufacturing facility at the Belfast site started and

13398-534: The aircraft in U.S. could circumvent the 292% duties proposed in the Boeing dumping petition , Airbus CEO Tom Enders and Bombardier CEO Alain Bellemare assured that this factor did not drive the partnership. However, negotiations began in August 2017 after the filing in April and the decision in June to proceed, and Boeing was therefore suspicious. Airbus CCO John Leahy considered that Boeing indirectly forced

13552-626: The aircraft was rebranded as the A220 after Airbus acquired a majority stake in the programme through a joint venture that became ACLP in June 2019. The A220 thus became the only Airbus commercial aircraft programme managed outside of Europe. In August, a second A220 final assembly line opened at the Airbus Mobile facility in Alabama , supplementing the main facility in Mirabel, Quebec . In February 2020, Airbus increased its stake in ACLP to 75% through Bombardier's exit, while Investissement Québec held

13706-517: The airframe weight would be in composite materials for the centre and rear fuselages, tail cone, empennage and wings. The first flight was planned for 2008 and entry into service for 2010. Bombardier's Board of Directors authorized marketing the CSeries on 15 March 2005, seeking firm commitments prior to program launch. In May, the CSeries development was evaluated at US$ 2.1 billion, shared with suppliers and partner governments for one-third each. The Government of Canada would invest US$ 262.5 million,

13860-422: The airline. The A320 would carry 150 passengers over 2,850 or 1,860 nmi (5,280 or 3,440 km; 3,280 or 2,140 mi) using fuel from wing fuel tanks only. The -200 had the centre tank activated, increasing fuel capacity from 15,590 to 23,430 L (3,429 to 5,154 imp gal). They would measure 36.04 and 39.24 m (118 ft 3 in and 128 ft 9 in), respectively. Airbus considered

14014-668: The bright cabin, reduced noise, enough leg room and space for hand luggage as well as the comfortable seats. Also, the feedback from our pilots is gratifying. They especially like the intuitive flying experience." The first CS300 was delivered to second CSeries operator AirBaltic on 28 November, and began revenue service on 14 December with a flight from Riga to Amsterdam in a two-class, 145-seat configuration. The type launch operator lauded lower noise levels for passengers and more space for luggage than its Boeing 737-300s . Upon introduction, both variants were performing above their original specifications, with airBaltic reporting that

14168-421: The cabin through touchscreen displays. The A320neo ( neo for new engine option ) is a development launched on 1 December 2010, making its first flight on 25 September 2014 and introduced by Lufthansa on 25 January 2016. Re-engined with CFM International LEAP -1A or Pratt & Whitney PW1000G engines and with large sharklets, it was designed to be 15% more fuel efficient. Its three variants are based on

14322-577: The cargo compartment, and an increased service ceiling of 12,000 m (39,000 ft). Upon resale the aircraft can be reconfigured as a standard A319 by removing its extra tanks, thus maximizing its resale value. Certificated by both the European JAA and American FAA , the A319LR and ACJ are the only business jets approved for public transport on both sides of the Atlantic. In 2018, its unit cost

14476-573: The company expected to generate up to half of that. Bombardier redesignated the C110 and C130 as CS100 and CS300 , respectively in March 2009. The models were offered in standard- and extended-range (ER) variants; and additionally, an extra thrust (XT) variant of the CS300 was also offered. Bombardier subsequently settled on a single variant, with the ER becoming the new standard. At the program launch in July 2008, Bombardier announced that final assembly of

14630-470: The company to save the struggling programme. In early November, a Scotiabank report indicated that the company and the programme would probably need a second bailout , and that even then the CSeries would probably not make money. When Transport Canada granted type certification for the CS100 in December 2015, CSeries' total development costs, including the aforementioned write-offs, were $ 5.4 billion. At

14784-553: The consortium focused on its bigger siblings. After healthy sales of the A320/A321, Airbus focused once more on what was then known as the A320M-7 , meaning A320 minus seven fuselage frames . It would provide direct competition for the 737-300 / -700 . The shrink was achieved through the removal of four fuselage frames fore and three aft of the wing, cutting the overall length by 3.73 metres (12 ft 3 in). Consequently,

14938-505: The equipped price of the ACJ319neo was $ 107.5M, and $ 117M for the ACJ320neo. Long-range neo variant. The ACJ321LR has a range of 8,175 nmi (15,140 km) which is the longest range of any narrowbody plane. In October 2020, Airbus announced an ACJ variant of the A220-100 , to be known as the ACJ TwoTwenty, with a range of 5,650 nmi (10,460 km) and cabin space of 73 m (790 sq ft) for 18 passengers. To increase its range

15092-535: The final assembly line start in 2008. In 2006, Airbus started the A320 Enhanced (A320E) programme as a series of improvements targeting a 4–5% efficiency gain, with large winglets (2%), aerodynamic refinements (1%), weight savings and a new aircraft cabin . Engine improvements that reduced fuel consumption by 1% were made to the A320 in 2007 with the CFM56 Tech Insertion and in 2008 with

15246-473: The first flight of the CSeries was expected by 2012. In 2010, Ghafari Associates was retained to develop the Montreal manufacturing site to accommodate the aircraft production. Bombardier was about to reach the design freeze for the CSeries in January 2010 and announced that CS100 deliveries were planned to start in 2013, and CS300 deliveries would follow a year later. In November 2011, Bombardier expected

15400-486: The first to order the stretched Airbuses, with 20 and 40 aircraft, respectively. The first of Lufthansa's V2500-A5-powered A321s arrived on 27 January 1994, while Alitalia received its first CFM56-5B-powered aircraft on 22 March. The A319 was the following derivative of the baseline A320. The design was a "shrink", with its origins in the 130- to 140-seat SA1, part of the Single-Aisle studies, which had been shelved as

15554-549: The following day. The certification programme took 350 airborne hours involving two aircraft. Certification for the CFM56-5B6/2-equipped variant was granted in April 1996, and qualification for the V2524-A5 started the following month. Delivery of the first A319, to Swissair , occurred on 25 April 1996; it entered service by month's end. In January 1997, an A319 broke a record during a delivery flight by flying

15708-438: The four tested FTVs had accumulated over 1,000 flight hours. The flight test results surpassed the company's guarantees for noise, economics and performance, meaning a longer range than advertised could be possible. The fifth CS100 (FTV5) with a complete interior made its first flight on 18 March, while the sixth CS100 (not officially designated as FTV6) was the first production unit used for function and reliability flights. At

15862-598: The globe. It is powered by four Rolls-Royce Trent 556 engines, each rated at 249 kN (56,000 lbf). The ACJ340-600 is a version of the A340-600 with range increased to 8,500 nmi (15,700 km). The A330 and A340 successor A350 XWB is also offered as the ACJ350 corporate jet by Airbus Corporate Jets, offering a 10,800 nmi (20,000 km) range for 25 passengers for the -900 derivative and 270 square metres (2,900 sq ft) of cabin space. This range

16016-534: The larger ( C130 ) between 130 and 135 passengers over 3,200 nautical miles. The C110 was planned to weigh 60,420 kg (133,200 lb) at MTOW and have a length of 35.0 m (114.7 ft), while the C130 should be 38.2 m (125.3 ft) long and have a 66,000 kg (146,000 lb) MTOW. The aircraft would have 3-by-2 standard seating and 4-abreast business class, 2.1 m (7 ft) stand-up headroom, fly-by-wire and side stick controls. 20 percent of

16170-444: The long-range Airbus A310 . Airbus then focused its efforts on the single-aisle market, which was dominated by the 737 and McDonnell Douglas DC-9 . Plans from a number of European aircraft manufacturers called for a successor to the relatively successful BAC One-Eleven , and to replace the 737-200 and DC-9. Germany's MBB ( Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm ), British Aircraft Corporation , Sweden's Saab and Spain's CASA worked on

16324-492: The mid-2020s. The program cost was US$ 7 billion. On 2 June 2020, the first A220 produced in Alabama completed its first flight. By that date, production of the first aircraft for JetBlue Airways had also started. The first US-assembled A220 aircraft, an A220-300, was delivered to Delta on 22 October 2020. In January 2021, as Airbus reviewed its production rates following a shift in demand away from wide-bodies affected by

16478-611: The moment of formation, Airbus had begun studies into derivatives of the Airbus A300B in support of this long-term goal. Prior to the service introduction of the first Airbus airliners, engineers within Airbus had identified nine possible variations of the A300 known as A300B1 to B9. A 10th variation, conceived in 1973, later the first to be constructed, was designated the A300B10. It was a smaller aircraft which would be developed into

16632-502: The most significant orders occurred when Northwest Airlines placed an order for 100 A320s in October 1986, powered by CFM56 engines, later confirmed at the 1990 Farnborough Airshow . During A320 development, Airbus considered propfan technology, which was backed by Lufthansa . At the time unproven, the technology essentially consisted of a fan placed outside the engine nacelle , offering turbofan speeds and turboprop economics; ultimately, Airbus stuck with turbofans . Power on

16786-737: The name. It is 4% more efficient than the CFM56, with cruise thrust-specific fuel consumption for the -A5 at 16.3 and 16.9 g/kN/s (0.58 and 0.60 lb/lbf/h) for the CFM56-5A1. In the presence of then- French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac and the Prince and Princess of Wales , the first A320 was rolled out of the final assembly line at Toulouse on 14 February 1987 and made its maiden flight on 22 February in 3 hours and 23 minutes. The flight test programme took 1,200 hours over 530 flights. European Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) certification

16940-403: The new model from 22 May 1992, with the actual launch of the $ 275 million (€250 million) programme occurring on 10 June 1993; the A319's first customer was ILFC , which signed for six aircraft. On 23 March 1995, the first A319 underwent final assembly at Airbus' German plant in Hamburg, where A321s were also assembled. It was rolled out on 24 August 1995, with the maiden flight taking place

17094-571: The next 20 years. The Airbus partnership in July 2018 decided to keep the primary final assembly line (FAL) in Mirabel, Quebec, with its 2,200 workforce . The secondary FAL in Mobile would start deliveries in 2020 with a monthly production rate of four, rising to six for a capacity of eight while the main Mirabel FAL could go to ten. Airbus CFO predicted a production potential of more than 100 A220 per year. The company targeted over 100 orders of A220 in 2018 and 3,000 over 20 years, half of

17248-544: The number of overwing exits was reduced from four to two. The bulk-cargo door was replaced by an aft container door, which can take in reduced height LD3-45 containers . Minor software changes were made to accommodate the different handling characteristics; otherwise the aircraft was largely unchanged. Power is provided by the CFM56-5A, CFM56-5B, or V2500-A5, derated to 98  kN (22,000 lbf), with option for 105 kN (24,000 lbf) thrust. Airbus began offering

17402-441: The offer. Just days prior, the Government of Quebec reiterated its willingness to provide Bombardier with financial aid, if it were requested. On 29 October, Bombardier took a CA$ 3.2 billion write-down on the CSeries. The Trudeau government indicated that it would reply to Bombardier's request for $ 350 million in assistance after it took power in early November. On the same day, the Quebec government invested CA$ 1 billion in

17556-400: The only Airbus commercial aircraft programme managed outside of Europe, making Canada Airbus's largest presence other than Europe. After reassessing its participation in January 2020, Bombardier exited the A220 programme in February 2020, selling its share to Airbus for $ 591 million. Airbus thus owned 75% of the programme; the remaining 25% of shares were held by Investissement Québec . Under

17710-502: The opening of the Farnborough Airshow on 13 July, Bombardier Aerospace formally launched the CSeries, with a letter of interest from Lufthansa for 60 aircraft, including 30 options, at a US$ 46.7 million list price. The aircraft fuel efficiency would be 2 litres per 100 kilometres (120 mpg ‑US ) per passenger in a dense seating. Bombardier estimated the market for the 100- to 150-seat segment at 6,300 aircraft over twenty years, representing more than $ 250 billion in revenue, with

17864-643: The potential purchase, Bombardier announced an end to the talks on 27 February, and two weeks later, on 15 March, Fokker was declared bankrupt. Bombardier then launched the BRJ-X , or "Bombardier Regional Jet eXpansion" on 8 September, a larger regional jet than the CRJ Series or "Canadair Regional Jet" due to enter service in 2003. Instead of 2–2 seating, the BRJ-X was to have a wider fuselage with 2–3 seating for 85 to 110 passengers, and underwing engine pods . It

18018-466: The previous A319, A320 and A321. Airbus received 6,031 orders by March 2018 and delivered 318 by May 2018. The original family was renamed A320ceo, for current engine option . As of July 2024, IndiGo has 173 Airbus A320neos under service, making it the largest operator of this type of aircraft. In 2006, Airbus was studying a future replacement for the A320 series, tentatively dubbed as NSR or "New Short-Range aircraft". The follow-on aircraft to replace

18172-481: The program. An extensive program update was presented on 7 March 2013, with the Flight Test Vehicle 1 (FTV1) was displayed in a near-complete state, along with three other FTVs in various states of assembly: one such FTV confirmed the 160 seat high-density concept for the CS300, featuring two sets of over-wing emergency exits. The first FTV's electrical system was powered up in March, while tests on

18326-476: The programme is on track to reach its target rate of 14 aircraft per month by mid-decade. The 50th US-assembled A220 aircraft, an A220-300, was delivered to Breeze Airways on 30 August 2023. After 1,600 new hires over the last two years, an increase of 75%, a total of 3,500 employees were working on the A220 programme in Quebec as of July 2024. After beating performance promises by 3%, performance improvement packages shaving operating costs were explored prior to

18480-434: The programme launch, development costs for the CSeries were evaluated at $ 2.1 billion in May 2005, shared with suppliers and partner governments for one-third each. In November 2009, when the first CSeries wing was assembled for prototype manufacture , development costs rose to approximately $ 3.5 billion. Programme delays during the test preparation and flight test phase also resulted in order cancellations, including from

18634-423: The range of its own E-Jet E2 , a close rival for market share . Previously, in October 2017, Boeing was reportedly concerned over its ability to match fleet package deals enabled by the partnership. Then, in December 2017, The Wall Street Journal reported Boeing was planning to offer Embraer more than the company's $ 3.7 billion market value to set up a joint venture, in what aviation industry analysts said

18788-530: The range, with the greatest increase for the A330 Prestige. The A330-200 Prestige offers space for 60 passengers with a range of 8,300 nmi (15,400 km). The ACJ330neo is based on the new A330neo with the "Harmony" cabin concept. It has a capacity of 25 passengers and a range of 10,400 nmi (19,260 km). Based on Airbus' first four engine design, the ETOPS immune A340-300 Prestige offers

18942-535: The remaining stake. Powered by Pratt & Whitney PW1500G geared turbofan engines under its wings, the twinjet features fly-by-wire flight controls, a carbon composite wing, an aluminium-lithium fuselage, and optimised aerodynamics for better fuel efficiency . The aircraft family offers maximum take-off weights from 63.1 to 70.9 t (139,000 to 156,000 lb), and cover a 3,450–3,600 nmi (6,390–6,670 km; 3,970–4,140 mi) range . The 35 m (115 ft) long A220-100 seats 108 to 133, while

19096-408: The right powerplant for the CSeries in June 2005 after failing to get the two engine consortia International Aero Engines and CFM International to compete for the CSeries contract. The former engine manufacturer had offered a new centreline engine in the 21,000–23,000 lb (93–102 kN) thrust class, while the latter was not yet ready to offer its next-generation CFM56 engine, as Bombardier required

19250-544: The ruling. Bombardier and Airbus announced on 16 October 2017 that Airbus would acquire a 50.01% majority stake in the CSALP partnership, with Bombardier keeping 31% and Investissement Québec 19%. Airbus paid no money, incurred no debt and assumed no liability for its share in the programme, but its supply chain expertise should save production costs, and a second assembly line would be built at its production facility, Airbus Mobile , in Mobile, Alabama . While assembling

19404-467: The sale. Under the latest agreement in July 2024 the threshold for Airbus to buy out Québec's share will be further extended to 2035, securing that two-thirds of the jobs linked to the production of the A220 will remain in Quebec. Meanwhile, the A220 held a market share of over 55% in its category and PwC estimated the aircraft programme will have an economic impact in Canada of more than $ 40 billion over

19558-572: The same day, both Bombardier and the government of Canada rejected Boeing's claim, vowing to mount a "vigorous defence". On 9 June 2017, the US International Trade Commission (USITC) found that the US industry could be threatened and should be protected . On 26 September, after lobbying by Boeing, the US Department of Commerce (DoC) alleged subsidies of 220% and intended to collect deposits accordingly, plus

19712-402: The second half of 2018 to 2021. Ten days after programme control was transferred to Airbus, the aircraft was rebranded with A220 as the family name (formerly CSeries) and A220-100/300 for the former CS100/CS300 variants. Later, on 1 June 2019, the CSALP joint venture was renamed to Airbus Canada Limited Partnership (ACLP) and adopted the Airbus logo as its sole visual identity. The A220 became

19866-477: The second time on 1 October. The FTV2 completed its first flight on 3 January 2014, while the planned entry-into-service date was delayed into the second half of 2015 due to certification testing issues. On 29 May 2014, the FTV1 suffered an uncontained engine failure and flight testing of the four FTVs was subsequently suspended until an investigation could be completed. The incident kept Bombardier from displaying

20020-449: The series, the 110- to 125-seat CS100, received type certificate from Transport Canada on 18 December 2015, and simultaneously from US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in June 2016, clearing the way for delivery to the launch operator, Swiss International Air Lines . The largest model, the 130- to 145-seat CS300, obtained its type certificate from Transport Canada on 11 July 2016, from

20174-585: The shorter A319 (April 1996), and the even shorter A318 (July 2003). Final assembly takes place in Toulouse in France; Hamburg in Germany; Tianjin in China since 2009; and Mobile, Alabama in the United States since April 2016. The twinjet has a six-abreast economy cross-section and came with either CFM56 or IAE V2500 turbofan engines, except the CFM56/ PW6000 powered A318. The family pioneered

20328-459: The six available models (B737-700, A318/A319, CS100/CS300 and E195) was fewer than 80 aircraft per year for the first 10.5 years. The CSeries competed with the smaller variants of the A320 family aircraft. The 2010 order for 40 CS300s and 40 options from Republic Airways Holdings  – then owner of exclusive A319/320 operator Frontier Airlines  – also pushed Airbus into

20482-724: The static airframe proceeded satisfactorily and on schedule. In June, Bombardier again delayed the first flight into July on account of software upgrades and final ground testing. On 24 July, after a protracted system integration process, the first flight was delayed into "the coming weeks". On 30 August, Bombardier received the flight test permit from Transport Canada , granting permission to perform high speed taxi testing and flight testing. The CS100 (FTV1) took off for its maiden flight from Bombardier's facility at Montréal–Mirabel International Airport in Quebec on 16 September 2013. After reconfiguration and software upgrades, FTV1 flew for

20636-566: The time, the CSeries had 250 firm orders and letters of intent, plus commitments for another 360, mostly for the CS300. Bombardier reportedly requested a CA$ 1 billion aid package from the Canadian Government in April 2016. The Government then offered an aid package without divulging the amount or conditions imposed. In July, Bombardier set up the C Series Aircraft Limited Partnership (CSALP) together with Investissement Québec . The Government finally announced in February 2017

20790-538: The use of a variable number of removable additional fuel tanks. The ACJ318 offered a range of 4,200 nmi or 7,800 km. The smallest of the ACJ family, based on the passenger A318 , was offered in passenger configurations between 14 and 18 passengers. The ACJ319 offered a range of 6,000 nmi or 11,100 km. This model is the corporate jet version of the A319 . It incorporates removable extra fuel tanks which are installed in

20944-419: The use of digital fly-by-wire and side-stick flight controls in airliners. Variants offer maximum take-off weights from 68 to 93.5 tonnes (150,000 to 206,000 lb), to cover a 5,740–6,940 kilometres ; 3,570–4,320 miles (3,100–3,750 nmi) range . The 31.4 m (103 ft) long A318 typically accommodates 107 to 132 passengers. The 124-156 seat A319 is 33.8 m (111 ft) long. The A320

21098-436: The weight of the modifications required negated any aerodynamic benefits. On 17 December 2008, Airbus announced it was to begin flight testing an existing blended winglet design developed by Aviation Partners Inc. as part of an A320 modernisation programme using the A320 prototype. Airbus launched the sharklet blended winglets during the November 2009 Dubai Airshow . Installation adds 200 kg (440 lb) but offers

21252-466: The wiring and interconnection systems and Goodrich Corporation Actuation Systems: design and production of the flap and slat actuation systems. By June 2009, 96% of billable materials had been allocated, with the company settling on various companies for remaining components and systems: Rockwell Collins for the avionics, Zodiac Aerospace for the interiors, Parker Hannifin for the fully integrated fuel and hydraulics systems, Liebherr-Aerospace for

21406-410: The year. By the time the Airbus partnership came into effect on 1 July 2018, a total of 37 CSeries had been delivered, which was a very low production rate considering Bombardier had forecast at the programme launch, 315 annual deliveries from 2008 to 2027 for 100- to 150-seat airliners, up to half of that (157 units) would be delivered by the company itself. However, the average production rate of

21560-480: Was $ 105M. The aircraft seats between 19 and 50 passengers but may be outfitted by the customers into any configuration. DC Aviation, UB Group, and Reliance Industries are among its users. The A319CJ competes with the Boeing BBJ1 , Gulfstream G550 , and Bombardier Global Express . Because of its wider fuselage diameter, it offers a roomier interior than its competitors. It is powered by the same engine types as

21714-413: Was a reaction to the partnership. The Boeing–Embraer joint venture was announced in February 2019, but before the antitrust investigations were completed, the deal was unilaterally terminated by Boeing in April 2020 due to impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on aviation . The antitrust investigation was due to be completed ahead of Farnborough Airshow 2018 to allow for a marketing boost, and it

21868-635: Was awarded on 26 February 1988. The first A320 was delivered to Air France on 28 March, and began commercial service on 8 April with a flight between Paris and Berlin via Düsseldorf . In 1988, the clean-sheet aircraft program cost was 5.486 billion French francs . The first derivative of the A320 was the Airbus A321 , also known as the Stretched A320 , A320-500 and A325 . Its launch came on 24 November 1988 after commitments for 183 aircraft from 10 customers were secured. The aircraft

22022-470: Was based at the then BAe (formerly Vickers ) site in Weybridge , Surrey , UK. Although the members were all of Airbus' partners, they regarded the project as a separate collaboration from Airbus. This project was considered the forerunner of Airbus A320, encompassing the 130- to 188-seat market, powered by two CFM56s . It would have a cruise speed of Mach 0.84 (faster than the Boeing 737). The programme

22176-622: Was comparable to the smallest narrow-body jetliners , like the 2–3 DC-9 / MD-80 / Boeing 717 or the 3–3 Airbus A318 and Boeing 737-500 / 737-600 . At the end of 2000, the project was shelved by Bombardier in favour of stretching the CRJ700 into the CRJ900 . Meanwhile, Embraer launched its four-abreast E-Jet family for 70 to 122 passengers in June 1999, which entered service in 2004. Airbus launched its 107–117 passengers A318 on 21 April 1999, which entered service in July 2003, as Boeing had

22330-431: Was its first customer to sign a "letter of intent" for 25 A320s and options for 25 more at the 1981 Paris Air Show . In October 1983, British Caledonian placed seven firm orders, bringing total orders to more than 80. Cyprus Airways became the first customer to place an order for V2500-powered A320s in November 1984, followed by Pan Am with 16 firm orders and 34 options in January 1985, and then Inex Adria . One of

22484-537: Was later transferred to Airbus, leading up to the creation of the Single-Aisle (SA) studies in 1980, led by former leader of the JET programme, Derek Brown. The group looked at three different variants, covering the 125- to 180-seat market, called SA1 , SA2 and SA3 . Although unaware at the time, the consortium was producing the blueprints for the A319, A320 and A321, respectively. The single-aisle programme created divisions within Airbus about whether to design

22638-634: Was obtained for the CFM56-powered variant on 23 May 2003. On 22 July 2003, first delivery for launch customer Frontier Airlines occurred, entering service before the end of the month. The Toulouse Blagnac final assembly line builds A320s, whereas the Hamburg Finkenwerder final assembly line builds A318s, A319s, and A321s. The Airbus factory in Tianjin , China assembles A319s, A320s, and A321s; A320s and A321s are also assembled at

22792-412: Was on 16 November 2018, starting a short test programme for the extra fuel tanks and greater cabin pressurisation. It was first delivered to Acropolis Aviation on 16 January 2019. On 25 April 2019, the ACJ319neo completed its first flight, before a short test campaign and delivery to German K5 Aviation , outfitted with five ACTs. The CFM Leap-powered ACJ319neo was certified by the EASA on 9 July. In 2023,

22946-441: Was outputting 4.5 A320s per month, raising to five by the end of the year. In September 2019, Airbus reached a milestone with the delivery of the 9000th A320-family aircraft, to Easyjet. In October 2019, Airbus inaugurated a highly automated fuselage structure assembly line for A320 Family aircraft in Hamburg, showcasing an evolution in Airbus' industrial production system. Production rates continue to rise, and Airbus aims to reach

23100-579: Was planned to rebrand the CSeries as an Airbus model, with A200 suggested as a family name and A210/A230 for the CS100 and CS300. On 8 June, following regulatory approval, the partnership confirmed that Airbus would take a majority stake on 1 July. The head office, and leadership team would remain in Mirabel, while the programme team would be formed by leaders from both Airbus and Bombardier and headed by Philippe Balducchi, then Head of Performance Management at Airbus Commercial Aircraft. Bombardier would fund any required cash shortfalls up to US$ 610 million from

23254-444: Was postponed for three years. On 1 March 1984, the British government and BAe agreed that £50 million would be paid, whether the A320 flew or not, while the rest would be paid as a levy on each aircraft sold. In 1984, the program cost was then estimated at £2 billion ($ 2.8 billion) by Flight International, equivalent to £8 billion today. The programme was launched on 2 March 1984. At the time, Airbus had 96 orders. Air France

23408-413: Was rebranded A220 as a family name (formerly CSeries ) with A220-100/300 (formerly CS100/CS300 ) as variant name on 10 July 2018, following the Airbus partnership  ten days earlier. Financial issues at Bombardier due to the CSeries programme and production delays, stiff competition and ultimately a dumping petition by Boeing paved the way for the partnership. During the feasibility study prior to

23562-448: Was to be a minimally changed derivative, apart from minor wing modifications and the fuselage stretch itself. The wing would incorporate double-slotted flaps and minor trailing edge modifications, increasing wing area from 124 m (1,330 sq ft) to 128 m (1,380 sq ft). The fuselage was lengthened by four plugs (two ahead and two behind the wings), making the A321 6.94 metres (22 ft 9 in) longer than

23716-470: Was to be called "Prestige". The Guardian reported the plane was sold amid disputes between Forbes and Talal relating to the size of his fortune and his efforts to affect his ranking on the Forbes billionaires list . As of May 2018, plans to retrofit one of the first A380s to be retired from service with Singapore Airlines as a business jet were reported to be "at a very advanced stage". Refitting

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