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117-476: The settlement of Almetyevo first appeared in historical records in the 1730s. From the mid-19th century, Almetyevskaya volost was part of the old Bugulminsky district within the Samara province. The volost changed its status to a district on August 10, 1930. The Almetyevsky district is one of the largest oil-producing and industrial centers of Tatarstan. The main offices of the oil company Tatneft are located in

234-482: A city of republic significance — an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division , the district is incorporated as Almetyevsky Municipal District , with the city of republic significance of Almetyevsk being incorporated within it as the Almetyevsk Urban Settlement. Although agriculture traditionally played a crucial role in the regional economy,

351-665: A great trade centre of the Russian Empire . In 1896, at a fair , an All-Russia Exhibition was organized. During the Soviet period , the city turned into an important industrial centre, and was known as Gorky. In particular, the Gorky Automobile Plant was constructed in this period. Around this time, the city was given the nickname "Russian Detroit ". Shortly before the dissolution of the Soviet Union

468-565: A municipal division , the city of oblast significance of Nizhny Novgorod is incorporated as Nizhny Novgorod Urban Okrug . In December 2011, Marat Safin was elected to the Russian Parliament as a member of Vladimir Putin 's United Russia Party, representing Nizhny Novgorod. Nizhny Novgorod is divided by the Oka River into two distinct parts. The Upper City ( Russian : Нагорная часть , Nagornaya chast , Mountainous part )

585-501: A Nizhny Novgorod resident is “нижегородец” ( nizhegorodets ) for male or “нижегородка” ( nizhegorodka ) for female, rendered in English as Nizhegorodian . Novgorodian is improper; it refers to a resident of Veliky Novgorod . Nizhny Novgorod was one of the host cities of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . Originally the name was just Novgorod (“Newtown"), but to distinguish it from the other, older and well-known Novgorod (Veliky Novgorod) to

702-594: A century it passed to the Samara province. According to the historian Alsu Mukhametdinova, at the end of the 18th century, the Bugulminsky uyezd numbered 170 villages and small towns, and by the mid-19th century, their number increased to 335. As of the general population census of 1897, the county population was about 300 thousand people of various religions and nationalities. About 47% of the locals identified themselves as Russians; 30% as Bashkirs; 15% were Tatars; and

819-408: A claim to apply for the status of TASED (the territory of advanced socio-economic development) specializing in non-resource production with an export orientation. In January–September 2020, Almetyevsk municipal district was ranked second in the republic in terms of socio-economic development. The gross territorial product in 2019 amounted to more than 425 billion rubles, and the volume of shipped goods

936-590: A large truck and tractor plant ( GAZ ) in the late 1920s, sending engineers and mechanics, including future labour leader Walter Reuther . There were no permanent bridges over the Volga or Oka before the October Revolution in 1917. Temporary bridges were built during the trade fair. The first bridge over the Volga was started by the Moscow–Kazan Railway Company in 1914, but only finished in

1053-460: A population of 1,228,199 within city limits and two million in the urban agglomeration, making it the sixth-largest city in Russia, ranking after Moscow , Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg and Kazan . Russians make up 94.8% of the city's population. Among the remainder are Tatars , Armenians , Azerbaijanis , Ukrainians , Uzbeks , Jews and others. The area operates in what

1170-458: A small Russian wooden hillfort that was founded by grand prince Yuri II of Vladimir in 1221 at the confluence of two of the most important rivers in his principality, the Volga and Oka rivers. It marked the eastern extreme of East Slavic settlement until the end of the medieval period, with Russian expansion eastward delayed until the capture of Kazan in 1552. The independent existence of

1287-484: A very important role in the Tatar economy, and logging was used to heat homes and build houses and outbuildings, although it caused frequent fires. Due to its advantageous geographical location on the road from Ufa and Orenburg to Kazan , Bugulma became an important provincial trade center of the era. Throughout the 19th century, bazaars and fairs were regularly held in Bugulminsky uyezd, and one of them—Vozdvizhenskaya—was

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1404-522: A white stripe reflect the national colors of Tatarstan . The blue stripe with fish represents the abundance of the local river resources, and the white (silver) stripe symbolizes the Bugulminka River. The green hill defines the natural landscape of the region and is an allegory for agricultural growth. The openwork dome symbolically acknowledges the region's religious and ethnic diversity and emphasizes its historical and cultural heritage. The flag

1521-416: Is about 30%. In order to diversify risks, the administration supports the development of food production enterprises, for example, bakery plants, a dairy and a meat processing plant operate here. The administration's focus on the development of the agricultural sector attracts new investors to the regional economy. Large companies and enterprises, whose workforce varies from 400 to 6000 people, are involved in

1638-544: Is an territorial administrative unit and municipality of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation . The district is located in the southeastern part of the republic and occupies an area of 1,408.6 square kilometers (543.9 sq mi). According to the 2010 census , the municipality had a population of 22,261 people. The main city Bugulma is not included within the administrative structure of

1755-533: Is based on heraldic elements of the coat of arms, with the exception of the green stripe, which is depicted as a straight and not a hilly line. Bugulminsky district derived its name from the main city of Bugulma. As the geographer Yevgeny Pospelov states, the first settlement was founded in 1736 at the confluence of the Bugulma River (now Bugulminka) into the Zai River. The hydronym “Bugulme”, which gave

1872-598: Is based on heraldic elements of the coat of arms. The district derives its name from the main city of Almetyevsk . As the geographer Yevgeny Pospelov states, throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, there was the Bashkir village of Almetevo on the site of the modern city. In his opinion, the etymology is based on the possessive of the Bashkir name Almet, which was likely an abbreviation for Al-Muhammad ( Tatar : Әлмәт - Әл-Мөхәммәт ). The southeast of modern Tatarstan bordered

1989-551: Is estimated at 962 billion with a growth rate of 4%. The average salary in the region was 46 thousand rubles, which is 6.9% higher compared to the previous year. According to the Committee of the Republic of Tatarstan for Social and Economic Monitoring, investment in the region’s fixed capital in the first half of 2020 amounted to 18 billion rubles, or 8.7% of the total volume of investment in the republic’s economy. In addition to

2106-456: Is located 333 km southeast of Kazan , 257 km from Samara and 230 km from Ufa . There is a railway junction on the Ulyanovsk —Ufa line, as well as a number of highways: R-239 Kazan— Orenburg —border with Kazakhstan ; M-5 “Ural” Moscow — Samara — Chelyabinsk ; 16K-0606 Bugulma — Leninogorsk ; 16K-0078 Bugulma— Aznakayevo ; 16K-0607 Karabash (R-239)—Leninogorsk. In the south of

2223-683: Is located at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga rivers in Central Russia , with a population of over 1.2 million residents, up to roughly 1.7 million residents in the urban agglomeration. Nizhny Novgorod is the sixth-largest city in Russia , the second-most populous city on the Volga, as well as the Volga Federal District. It is an important economic, transportation, scientific, educational and cultural centre in Russia and

2340-528: Is located in the south-east of Tatarstan. It shares borders with Aznakaevsky , Almetyevsky , Bavlinsky , Leninogorsky and Yutazinsky districts of the republic, as well as Samara (Klyavlinsky district) and Orenburg (Northern district) regions. The total area is 1405 km². The area is located on the Bugulma plateau, and the height ranges here from 200 to 300 meters. Among the regional rivers are Bugulminsky Zay, Stepnoy Zay, Dymka and Sula. The climate

2457-459: Is located on the hilly eastern (right) bank of the Oka. It includes three of the eight city districts into which the city is administratively divided: The Lower City ( Russian : Заречная часть , Zarechnaya chast , Over river part ) occupies the low (western) side of the Oka, and includes five city districts: All of today's lower city was annexed by Nizhny Novgorod in 1929–1931. Nizhny Novgorod has

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2574-512: Is one of the forty-three in the republic. The town of Bugulma serves as its administrative center , despite being incorporated separately as a town of republic significance —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division , the district is incorporated as Bugulminsky Municipal District, with the town of republic significance of Bugulma being incorporated within it as Bugulma Urban Settlement. In urban areas (the city of Bugulma and Karabash), 83.57% of

2691-592: Is possible that his ex-wife bought two apartments in Miami in 2013 and 2014 for a total of almost $ 2 million. On 23 May 2017, Karnilin wrote a letter of resignation, which was adopted by the City Duma. All this time, an anti-corruption check was going on, which began long before the “investigation” of Alexei Navalny. After Ivan Karnilin, the last position of the head of the city was held by Elizaveta Solonchenko , who held it from 21 June to 20 December 2017. After that,

2808-540: Is preserved as a museum, known as the Kashirin House, after Alexey's grandfather who owned the place. During World War II , from 1941 to 1943, Gorky was subjected to air raids and bombardments by Germany . The Germans tried to destroy the city industry because it was a major supplier of military equipment to the front. Of the attacks made in the rear of the Soviet Union , these became the most powerful in

2925-556: Is referred to in international standards as Moscow Standard Time (MSK), which is 3 hours ahead of UTC , or UTC+3 . Daylight saving time is no longer observed. In 1834, the first weather station was opened in Nizhny Novgorod. A century later it transformed into Gorky Hydrometeorological service; since 1978, it has been known as the Higher Volga hydrometeorology and natural habitat control department. The climate in

3042-462: Is short but intense, with strong wind . In September, temperature starts to drop and gets below +10 °C (50 °F) in the mid-20s of the month. It rains often and heavily in autumn , and the sky is overcast. Nizhny Novgorod constituency for the State Duma . The city of Nizhny Novgorod is governed by the city administration and the City Duma. The mayor of the city may be the chairman of

3159-520: Is temperate continental with humid summers and moderately cold winters. The district is home to 913 plant species and 294 animal species, some of which are listed in the Red Book of Tatarstan. There are natural reserves and wildlife sanctuaries in the region. Among the specially protected are the Adonis Forest and Novo-Aleksandrovsky Slope reserves, Karabash Mountain, Tatarsko-Dymskaya Polyana and

3276-645: The Baltic Sea for maritime effects to lower, Nizhny Novgorod has similar winters to Bothnian Bay climates near the Arctic Circle , but instead has very warm summers for its latitude. Nizhny receives on average 1,775 hours of sunshine a year. The maximum duration of daylight is in June (17 hours 44 minutes), and the minimum in December (6 hours 52 minutes). Overcast is often reported in winter: 75% to 80% of

3393-520: The Bashkir uprising of 1704-1711 was suppressed, farmers began to move to the South-Eastern Trans-Kama region. The Bugulma settlement was first mentioned in the historical records in 1736, and over the next decades, its population grew rapidly. In the 1740s, Bugulma was recognized as the administrative center of nearby villages. Historians tend to attribute this rise to the proximity of important trade and postal routes, as well as to

3510-578: The Civil War negatively affected the economy and led to the decline of agriculture. A severe famine broke out in 1921-1922 followed by the years of relief during the NEP . However, the situation changed dramatically in the late 1920s, which were characterized by forced collectivization and the Bolshevik attack against the traditional way of life. Post–World War II period was characterized by urbanization and

3627-701: The Polish troops from Moscow, thus putting an end to the “ Time of Troubles ” and establishing the rule of the Romanov dynasty . The main square in front of the Kremlin is named after Minin and Pozharsky , although it is locally known simply as Minin Square . Minin's remains are buried in the citadel. In commemoration of these events, on 21 October 2005, an exact copy of the Red Square statue of Minin and Pozharsky

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3744-525: The Russian Empire for governing its Trans-Kama colonies. Due to its political status and national composition, the region often changed its territorial organization. In 1781, Bugulma received the status of the county ( uyezd ) town and, along with surrounding lands, entered the jurisdiction of the Ufa governorship . In 1796, the newly formed Bugulminsky uyezd was included into the Orenburg province, and in half

3861-508: The Soviet Era when the railway to Kotelnich was opened for service in 1927. The Marxist activist and Tsarist dissident Maxim Gorky was born in Nizhny Novgorod in 1868 as Alexey Maximovich Peshkov. In his novels he described the dismal life of the city proletariat . When he returned to the Soviet Union in 1932 on the invitation of Joseph Stalin , the city was renamed Gorky . The city bore Gorky's name until 1990. His childhood home

3978-457: The Tatars of Kazan . The enormous red-brick Kremlin , one of the strongest and earliest preserved citadels in Russia, was built in 1508–1511 under the supervision of Pietro Francesco. The fortress was strong enough to withstand Tatar sieges in 1520 and 1536. In 1612, the so-called "national militia", gathered by a local merchant, Kuzma Minin , and commanded by Knyaz Dmitry Pozharsky expelled

4095-467: The petroleum industry , the district’s production potential is represented by three industrial parks totalling 51 thousand square meters, 16 thousand of which are still vacant. The district administration is committed to diversifying the regional economy and supporting agriculture. Thanks to the local program to increase business activity among the rural population, by 2018, the number of personal plots increased by 15%. Among promising investment projects in

4212-469: The 1746 population census, 54 new settlements were registered, the largest of which were Taisuganovo, Almetyevo, Old Nadyrovo (Nagornoye) and others. In the year of the census, 62 Yasak Tatars lived in Almetyevo. By 1795, there were already 700 Tatars and Bashkirs, while in 1834 the village population numbered 123 Bashkirs and 544 Teptyars. In the mid-19th century, 1518 state peasants and Bashkirs lived in

4329-417: The 800th anniversary. Nizhny Novgorod is the administrative centre (capital) of Volga Federal District and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast . Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is, together with one resort settlement and twelve rural localities , incorporated as the city of oblast significance of Nizhny Novgorod —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As

4446-557: The Almetyevskaya volost. However, the situation changed dramatically in the late 1920s, which were characterized by forced collectivization and the Bolshevik attack against the traditional way of life. In a short period, in Almetyevsk, many peasant possessions were collectivized and brought under the control of 45 collective farms. Those peasants who tried to evade collectivization were deprived of their property and repressed. In

4563-510: The Aul community. Asfandiyarov points to the pro-government spiritual leader Almet-mulla Karatametov as a more likely figure. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the number of settlements continued to grow. The lands surrounding the New Moscow road (Novomokovskaya) were gradually inhabited by peasants from Simbirsk , Penza , Kazan , Nizhny Novgorod , Kasimovsk and other counties. According to

4680-438: The Bugulma administration has been focusing on diversifying the economy, developing the food industry, as well as attracting federal and international capital to the region. Economists point out that the gross regional product of the Bugulma region is growing by 5-6% annually, and the unemployment rate is generally below the republican average. In 2017, the production volume of the district amounted to 15 billion rubles. Bugulma

4797-686: The Bugulminsky canton within the Tatar ASSR. On August 10, 1930, the Almetyevsky District was established. In 1953, the Almetyev village received the status of a town and was renamed Almetyevsk. The newly formed district repeatedly changed its borders: in 1959, it incorporated a part of the abolished Aktash region. Four years later, the Aznakaevsky districts, part of Zainsky, Novosheshminsky and Pervomaisky were abolished. Currently

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4914-467: The City Duma; however, it may be another person. The mayor is at the head of the city. The city administration and the city duma are subordinate to him. There are no direct elections of the mayor for city residents. The mayor is appointed by the decision of the City Duma . Since 28 October 2020, Yuri Shalabaev has been the mayor of Nizhny Novgorod. District heads are not elected. From 1991 to 2009,

5031-635: The Council of Ministers of the USSR, the Tatneft group was founded and within several years became the largest oil-producing organization in the USSR . Between 1960 and 1980, oil production significantly increased in the republic. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the transition to a market economy affected the regional budget and eventually led to economic growth in the 90s. After gaining economic independence from

5148-669: The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR , the city was awarded the Order of Lenin . Mátyás Rákosi , the former Stalinist General Secretary of Hungary 's communist party , died in exile there in 1971. On 20 November 1985, in the city, the first section of the metro was launched. The physicist and Nobel laureate Andrei Sakharov was exiled there during 1980–1986 to limit his contacts with foreigners. An end to

5265-642: The Ecotechnology and Equipment exhibition. The growth in oil production and refining has determined the rise of Almetyevsk as a regional center for training specialists in the petroleum industry. In 1992, the Almetyevsk Oil Institute was founded. In 2020, there are four universities and six institutions of secondary education in the city and its district. In 1975, the Almetyevsk Art Gallery was established. Since 1994,

5382-995: The Energetik stadium with a ski lodge and the Yubileiny Ice Palace. Since 1935, the Bugulma State Russian Drama Theater named after Alexei Batalov has been operating. Additionally, the Bugulma Museum of Local Lore and the Literary Memorial Museum of Yaroslav Gashek are open in the Bugulminsky district. Bugulminsky district is home to more than 50 nationalities, some of which have their own churches and schools in national languages. Regional newspapers “Bugelmu avazy” ("Voice of Bugulma") and “Bugulminskaya Gazeta” are published in Tatar and Russian languages. Many historical monuments and sights have been preserved in

5499-460: The South-Eastern Trans-Kama region. In the first half of the 18th century, the modern Almetyevsky district belonged to the Nadyrovskaya volost and was populated mainly by the yasak non-Russian peoples. Although archival records on the founding of Almetyevo have not survived, historians suggest that the first settlement was established in the 1730s. The village was first mentioned in 1735, when

5616-517: The Yutaza River, as well as ancient archaeological sites. In February 2007, the Council of the Bugulminsky municipal district approved its new heraldic insignia. The visual design of the coat of arms includes a white dome with a steeple standing on a green hill and set against a red background. At the base of the canvas is placed a blue stripe with the image of a fish and a thin white stripe running over it. The red background, green hill and

5733-428: The black fountain emphasizes the significance of the oil industry to the region's economy. The combination of black and gold symbolizes oil as “black gold”. As noted in the official resolution, the color scheme represents the beauty of the local nature and the importance of industry. The green field embodies the geographic peculiarities of the republic’s south-east, while the red stripe symbolizes industrial power. The flag

5850-406: The celebrated Czech writer Jaroslav Hašek served in Bugulma as an assistant commandant and wrote there a number of satirical works. Since 1966, the writer's museum has been operating in the city honoring his literary works. In 1919, the Bugulma peasants raised a large anti-Bolshevik uprising that swept many of the surrounding regions but was soon brutally suppressed. In 1920, the Bugulminsky uyezd

5967-462: The centre of all-Russian merchants. On 15 July 1822 the largest Nizhny Novgorod fair was solemnly opened on the left bank of the Oka . Then Nizhny Novgorod became the main city of all-Russian and international trade. In 1929, the Fair was closed, and the city's economy began to develop in a completely different direction. The Soviet city of Gorky became one of the largest industrial centres in Russia,

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6084-458: The change in the composition of groundwater was a man-made factor: oil and gas production, agriculture and household waste.” Scientists suggest that the municipalities with the help of ecologists should take up environmental monitoring . Since 1995, the Department of Ecology and Improvement has been operating in the Almetyevsk municipal district, which is responsible for the ecological state of

6201-561: The cities of Europe and Central Asia. In May 1767, during the royal visit of Empress Catherine II , she ordered the creation of a new enterprise, the Nizhny Novgorod Trading Company. The main factor in the formation of Nizhny Novgorod as the main trading centre of Russia at the beginning of the 19th century was the transfer here in 1817 of the Makariev Fair . At the expense of the treasury, under

6318-513: The city and the region, among them: Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod ( / ˌ n ɪ ʒ n i ˈ n ɒ v ɡ ə r ɒ d / NIZH -nee NOV -gə-rod ; Russian: Нижний Новгород , IPA: [ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət] , lit. 'Lower Newtown'; colloquially shortened to Nizhny ) is the administrative centre of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and the Volga Federal District in Russia . The city

6435-402: The city of Almetyevsk and the surrounding territories are a large industrial and cultural center of the Republic of Tatarstan. Within the framework of administrative divisions , Almetyevsky District is one of the forty-three in the republic. The district consists of 99 inhabited localities. The city of Almetyevsk serves as its administrative center , despite being incorporated separately as

6552-535: The city was renamed Nizhny Novgorod once again. In 1985, the Nizhny Novgorod Metro was opened. In 2016, Vladimir Putin opened the new 70th Anniversary of Victory Plant , which is part of the Almaz-Antey Air and Space Defence Corporation. The Kremlin – the historic centre of the city – contains the main government agencies of the city and the Volga Federal District. The demonym for

6669-617: The city's incorporation into the Grand Principality of Moscow in 1392, the local princes took the name Shuysky and settled in Moscow, where they were prominent at the court and briefly ascended the throne in the person of Vasily I of Moscow . After being burnt by the powerful Crimean Tatar chief Edigu in 1408, Nizhny Novgorod was restored and regarded by the Muscovites primarily as a great stronghold in their wars against

6786-685: The construction of wells and equipment. Founded in 1956, TatNIPIneft is the largest scientific center of the oil industry in the south-east of Tatarstan. As of 2020, there is a branch of the Kazan National Research Technological University , the Scientific and Technological Center of the Ural-Volga Region, and a number of secondary educational institutions in Bugulma and its region. The sports infrastructure includes such large facilities as

6903-405: The development of the oil industry in Tatarstan. In 1948, one of the world's largest oil deposits, “ Romashkino ” was discovered 20 km from Bugulma. In the 1950s, the Tatneft group was established in Bugulma and the Tatar Oil Research and Design Institute (TatNIPIneft) was opened and gave impetus to the city’s development. In a short time, the population of the city increased tenfold, and until

7020-433: The district accounted for about 30% of the total industrial production of the republic. Large enterprises of the oil industry (such as Almetyevneft, Yamashneft, Elkhovneft and others) and manufacturing industries (Al'met'evskij trubnyj zavod, Al'met'evskij zavod zhelezobetonnyh izdelij, Al'met'evskij zavod «Radiopribor», «Alnas», “Bauljuks” and others) are also present in the district. In 2018, the local administration submitted

7137-440: The district are the reconstruction of a dairy plant, modernization of a grain processing plant, planting an apple orchard and other programs. In 2019, the Tatarstan government announced plans to create a special economic zone (SEZ) in Almetyevsk following the example of “ Alabuga ” and “ Innopolis ”. It is estimated that more than 70 billion rubles will be invested in the first stage of reconstruction until 2024. The construction of

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7254-431: The district, a part of the international highway is being built which will connect Western Europe to Western China . To the north of Bugulma is the regional airport “Bugulma” connecting the cities of the Almetyevsk agglomeration. The growth in oil production and refining has determined the rise of Bugulma as a regional center for scientific and educational activities in the search and development of oil and gas fields,

7371-463: The district. The main city derived its name from the Bugulminka River. The settlement on the site of the modern city was first mentioned in the sources of 1736. In imperial Russia , the Bugulminsky county (uyezd) was part of the Orenburg and later Samara provinces . In 1920, the county was renamed to Bugulminsky canton within the Tatar ASSR . In August, 1930, the canton was divided into several districts, including Bugulminsky. Bugulmisky district

7488-428: The district. The city administration plans to create a third special economic zone in the region following the successful examples of Alabuga and Innopolis . The first stage of construction is scheduled for 2024. The Almetyevsky district is located in the south-east of Tatarstan. It shares borders with Sarmanovsky , Zainsky and Nizhnekamsky districts to the north, Novosheshminsky and Cheremshansky districts to

7605-463: The district. The region holds reserves of oil, coal and other mineral resources. The regional climate is temperate continental with cool summers and cold winters. In December 2006, the Council of the Almetyevsky municipal district approved its new heraldic insignia. The visual design of the coat of arms includes a green and red canvas with a golden staircase and a fountain placed in a tulip flower. The golden staircase allegorically depicts an oil rig, and

7722-642: The end of October. On average precipitation comes at 653 mm per year, mostly in July and least of all in March. Generally, 180 days out of 365 enjoy some form of precipitation. Snow first comes in October but the blanket of snow insulates the ground at November-end and melts mid-April. As a rule, the air temperature in winter ranges from −10 °C (14 °F) to −20 °C (−4 °F). A storm rarely takes place in winter here (a few dates to mention are 27 November 1940, 30 November 1951, 14 February 1960, and 3 December 1962). In spring there's less precipitation than in other seasons. Spring flies by as snow melts in

7839-692: The end of the 1960s, Bugulma remained the second largest city in the republic. Currently, Bugulma is a large industrial hub of the Republic of Tatarstan, and the oil industry plays a special role in the regional economy. Among the largest enterprises operating in oilfield services are TNG-Group, Tatneft , Bugulminskii Mekhanicheskii Zavod (Bugulma Mechanical Plant), Bugulminskii Elektronasosnyi Zavod (Bugulma Electric Pump Plant), Bugulminskii Opytnyi Zavod Nefteavtomatiki (Bugulma Experimental Oil Automation Plant), Zavod Zhelezobetonnykh Izdelii (Reinforced Concrete Products Plant), Novye Tekhnologii Ekspluatatsii Skvazhin (New Well Operation Technologies) and plants. In 2017,

7956-417: The entire duration of the war. During much of the Soviet era, the city was closed to foreigners to safeguard the security of Soviet military research and production facilities, even though it was a popular stopping point for Soviet tourists travelling up and down the Volga in tourist boats. Unusually for a Soviet city of that size, even street maps were not available for sale until the mid-1970s. In 1970, by

8073-407: The general project and under the leadership of Augustine de Betancourt , the largest guest complex in Europe was created. At the stage before 1822, the Cathedral of the Savior was built according to the project of Auguste de Montferrand , 3 administrative, 4 “Chinese” wooden and 56 brick buildings with thousands of shops, hotels, taverns and a summer theatre. For the first time in Europe , sewerage

8190-407: The growth of the non-Russian population over which the tsarist government sought to establish its control. In 1744, Bugulma was placed under the Senate rule, and the region became a place of exile. During the Pugachev's Rebellion of 1773-1775, the imperial headquarters for confronting the rebels was located in Bugulma. Thus, in the 18th century, the Bugulminskaya Sloboda became an important outpost of

8307-428: The head of the city and the head of the administration. Oleg Sorokin was elected mayor of the city. At an extraordinary meeting of the City Duma on 3 December 2010, Oleg Kondrashov was approved as the head of the administration of Nizhny Novgorod. On 22 July 2015, by the decision of the City Duma of Nizhny Novgorod, Kondrashov was removed from his post. Since then, he has been wanted by the police . On 19 December 2017,

8424-406: The innovation activity of the Bugulminsky district. In the previous decade, the largest investments fell on mechanical engineering (about 45%) and geological exploration (21%); in the appliance industry and scientific research, the share of investments constituted 12% and 17%, respectively. From 2008 to 2010, the lowest investments were made in the food industry— about 0.2% of the total. Since 2010,

8541-513: The lands of the Nogai Horde and until the 1630s these lands witnessed the migratory movement of nomadic peoples across the steppe. After the Nogai were expelled, the ethnically diverse local population remained small in number and was often subjected to Kalmyk raids. According to historian Aydar Nogmanov, only after the Bashkir uprising of 1704-1711 was suppressed did farmers begin to move to

8658-530: The largest in the region. In addition to trade and agriculture, a number of important industries such as distilleries, tannery and cloth factories, were located here. In 1911, the Volga-Bugulma railway was held in the district, and in 1937 the airport was opened. The 20th century brought significant changes in the way of life and the economy of the region. The devastating years of the Revolution and

8775-438: The leading role in which belonged to the enterprises of mechanical engineering, metalworking and information technology. At the same time, the first auto giant, the Gorky Automobile Plant , was built. The very foundation of the city at the confluence of two navigable rivers predetermined both its military-strategic and commercial significance. Local merchants traded not only with Moscow, Kazan, Yaroslavl, Astrakhan, but also with

8892-536: The local education system. There are two regional TV channels broadcasting in the region—Almetyevsk TV and Luch (Ray) and local newspapers are published in Tatar (”Әлмәт таңнары”), in Russian ("Znamya Truda") and in both languages («Әлмәт хәбәрләре»/"Almetyevskiy Vestnik"). [REDACTED] Media related to Almetyevsky District at Wikimedia Commons Bugulminsky District Bugulminsky District ( Russian : Бугульми́нский райо́н ; Tatar : Бөгелмә районы )

9009-500: The local mullah Almet informed the Russian commander-in-chief about the Bashkir insurrection taking place in the volost. The historian Amirkhanov opined that the local mullah Almet Seitov could be the historical founder of the village. In contrast, the Bashkir historian Anvar Asfandiyarov in his monograph "Auls of Menzelin Bashkirs" argues that 23-year-old Seitov, who had just become a spiritual leader, could not have had such authority in

9126-432: The mayor of the city was elected by the townspeople for a term of 5 years. During this time, four people have been in this post: Dmitry Bednyakov, Ivan Sklyarov , Yuri Lebedev, Vadim Bulavinov (twice). In recent years, the role of the regional government headed by the governor in city affairs has significantly increased. On 25 October 2010, the position of mayor was abolished and instead two formal positions appeared -

9243-491: The mayor of the city, Oleg Sorokin, was arrested. On 7 March 2019, the Nizhny Novgorod District Court sentenced him to 10 years in a strict regime colony with a fine of 460.8 million rubles. On 7 October 2015, Ivan Karnilin became the head of the city. In December 2016, opposition blogger Alexei Navalny published a video of his investigation, featuring Karnilin as the hero. As it turned out, it

9360-674: The medieval fort was threatened by the continuous Mordvin attacks against it; the major attempt made by forces under Purgaz in April 1229 was repulsed. After the death of Yuri II on 4 March 1238 at the Battle of the Sit River , the Mongols occupied the fortress. Later a major stronghold for border protection, the fortress of Nizhny Novgorod took advantage of a natural moat formed by the two rivers. Along with Moscow and Tver , Nizhny Novgorod

9477-470: The mid-19th century, the city was firmly established as the trade capital of the Russian Empire . The world's first radio receiver by engineer Alexander Popov and the world's first hyperboloid tower and lattice shell-coverings by engineer Vladimir Shukhov were demonstrated at the All-Russia industrial and art exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod in 1896. According to official Imperial Russian statistics,

9594-432: The midst of collectivization, an uprising broke out in the region, called the Almetyevsk case or "Almetyevshchina". In 1931, a number of local party members were accused of "right-wing opportunist deviation" and deliberate disruption of grain procurements. Four district leaders were shot and many received prison terms. The Post– World War II period was characterized by significant development of energy and oil production in

9711-521: The museum of local lore and other regional institutions have been opened in the city. Additionally, a branch of the Union of Composers and the local Union of Journalists have representatives in the district. For 2020, 135 cultural and art institutions, 36 mosques and 13 churches are open in Almetyevsky district and the main city. Islamic religious and educational schools—madrasas—play an important role in

9828-410: The name to the settlement and the region, comes from the Tatar word for “twist”, “bend”. The southeast of modern Tatarstan bordered on the Nogai Horde and until the 1630s nomadic peoples moved across the steppe. After the Nogai were driven back, the ethnically diverse population continued to be small in number and was often subjected to Kalmyk raids. According to historian Aydar Nogmanov, only after

9945-630: The population of Nizhny Novgorod as of 14 January 1913 was 97,000. The largest industrial enterprise was the Sormovo Iron Works which was connected by the company's own railway to Moskovsky railway station in the Lower City of Nizhny Novgorod. The Kazansky railway station was in the Upper city. Other industries gradually developed, and by the start of the 20th century, the city was also a first-rank industrial hub. Henry Ford helped build

10062-440: The population of the region live. The ethnic composition of the region is represented by 56.6% of Russians, 35.4% of Tatars, 2.5% of Chuvashs , and 2.3% of Mordvins . During the 18th and 19th centuries, the economics of the Volga region was based on agriculture, animal husbandry and trade. The main agricultural crops were rye, wheat, buckwheat, millet, poppy and others. Historian Khalida Bagautdinova points out that forests played

10179-670: The post of mayor of the city returned, which was taken by Vladimir Panov . He held this position from 17 January 2018 to 6 May 2020. Panov resigned ahead of schedule in connection with the transfer to a new position of Deputy Chairman of the State Commission for the Development of the Arctic. Since 6 May 2020, Yury Shalabaev has taken the post of mayor. He introduced the practice of weekly online meetings with city residents in his Telegram channel. This significantly affected

10296-458: The record for the production of fuel gas and raw materials from associated gas. This sequence of oil discovery gave impetus to economic growth and development. As a result, in 1953, Almetyevo received the status of a city and was renamed Almetyevsk. By the mid-20th century, new oil deposits with total reserves of about 430 million tons were discovered in Tatarstan. In 1950, by a decree issued by

10413-557: The region is continental, specifically humid continental ( Dfb ), and it is similar to the climate in Moscow , although colder in winter, which lasts from late November until late March with a permanent snow cover. Average temperatures range from +19 °C (66 °F) in July to −9 °C (16 °F) in January. Average annual temperature is +4.8 °C (40.6 °F), wind speed 2.8 m/s, air humidity 76%. Being far enough away from

10530-561: The region. As part of the Year of Ecology in Russia (2017), the district administration approved a special program for 2017–2021 to ensure “environmental and sanitary and epidemiological safety of the population.” In addition, the Almetyevsk State Oil Institute holds events—meetings, talks, republican and city competitions—to engage more young people in environmental activities. Tatneft Group also regularly takes part in

10647-424: The research and production company Gazovye Kompleksnye Sistemy (Gas Integrated Systems) launched a new workshop for the production of large-sized equipment in Bugulma, the investment of which amounted to more than 100 million rubles. In addition to these, the regional industry includes a garment factory, a brick factory and other large companies. In total, the share of industrial companies in the gross regional product

10764-726: The rest of the population was represented by the Chuvashes , Mordovians and other ethnic groups. In 1917, the Soviets seized power in Tatarstan. Bugulma was one of the battlefields during the Civil War, and the town was changed hands several times between the belligerents' armies. In 1918, the Red Army confronted the Czechoslovak units , and in 1919 they armed against White military leader Alexander Kolchak . During this time,

10881-553: The seat of the powerful Suzdal Principality was moved there from Gorodets in 1350. Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich (1323–1383) sought to make his capital a rival worthy of Moscow; he built a stone citadel and several churches and was a patron of historians. The earliest extant manuscript of the Primary Chronicle , the Laurentian Codex , was written for him by the local monk Laurentius in 1377. After

10998-432: The second half of March and is normally gone by the end of April. Summer comes at the beginning of June, when the temperature sets around +15. Maximum heat can be observed towards the third decade of July. Average temperatures range from +15 °C (59 °F) to +20 °C (68 °F). A maximum temperature of +38.2 °C (100.8 °F) was recorded during the 2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat waves . Summer rain

11115-507: The second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries witnessed the rise to prominence of the mining and oil industries in the district. The geographic position of the eastern Trans-Kama determined the development of transit trade with Central Asia and other regions. The expansion of postal service, railway and trade routes facilitated Almetyevsk's economic growth and allowed local people from modest social backgrounds to engage in transit trade. The 20th century brought about significant changes in

11232-748: The sides and bottom with a ribbon of the Order of Lenin. Above the upper part of the coat of arms there is a five-toothed crown, showing that Nizhny Novgorod is an urban district - the capital of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast . The unofficial historical symbols of the city are also the Dmitrievskaya Tower of the Kremlin , the Spit and the Chkalov Stairs . Since the reign of Emperor Alexander III , Nizhny Novgorod has become

11349-627: The soil and the condition of groundwater. According to ecologists Bubnov and Kozhevnikova who carried out their research in the early 2000s, “waters of the Upper and lower Kama sediments have greatly changed their composition over the past 30–40 years. Thus, the composition of the Upper Kazan water sediments turned to chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium-magnesium-calcium, while the composition of the Nizhnekamsk ones changed to sulfate-hydrocarbonate-chloride sodium-magnesium-calcium. The main reason for

11466-426: The south of the district, a part of the international highway is being built which will connect Western Europe to Western China .There is also a railway line Agryz —Naberezhnye Chelny—Akbash with a branch from Almetyevsk to Nizhnyaya Maktama . Environmental problems are becoming more and more acute in oil-producing regions of Tatarstan. The proximity of oil fields can seriously impact the integrity and structure of

11583-570: The southeast Kama region. In 1948, one of the world's largest oil deposits, " Romashkino " was discovered. Two years later, another oil field was found not far from the village of Minnibayevo in the Almetyevsky District. Another important achievement was the increasing gasification of the district with petroleum gas from the Minnibaevskaya oil-bearing area. In the 1950s, the Minnibaevsk Gas Processing Plant held

11700-399: The speed of execution of various instructions and control. Shalabaev works closely with Governor Gleb Nikitin . Under his mayorship, a large-scale modernization of public transport continues: the purchase of new transport, the introduction of contactless payment, the construction of new metro stations. The quality of roads has also improved. The system of Nizhny Novgorod central diameters

11817-581: The state, Tatneft was able to enter the world stock market and become the first Russian oil company in the London Stock Exchange . In the 2000s, it remained the leading company of the Almetyevsk region investing in the regional economy and participating in social welfare programs. In 2005, the Nizhnekamsk Oil Refinery (Nizhnekamskij neftepererabatyvajushhij zavod) was opened in the region, later renamed to Taneko. In 2016,

11934-515: The territories of the Bavlinsky and Yutazinsky districts were once again incorporated into Bugulma whose area expanded to 3924 km², and the population grew over 71 thousand people. Two years later, the districts were reorganized again, and the area of the Bugulminsky district peaked 1419 km². In 1974, the general plan of Bugulma was designed and the city was rebuilt. Within the framework of administrative divisions , Bugulminsky District

12051-514: The third SEZ in the republic aims to develop the regional economy and create favorable conditions for federal and foreign investment. Almetyevsk is located 279 km southeast of Kazan. There is a railway station 16 km from the main city. Almetyevsk is situated within the important road network: R-239 Kazan—Almetyevsk— Orenburg —border with Kazakhstan ; 16A-0003 Naberezhnye Chelny —Almetyevsk; 16K-0077 Almetyevsk— Aznakayevo ; 16K-0131 Kuzaykino (R-239)—Nurlat; 16K-0334 Almetyevsk— Muslyumovo . In

12168-424: The time the sky is covered in clouds, while it's only 49 to 56% in April through to August. In autumn and winter, the overcast is usually in the mornings, then the sky clears in the afternoon. In spring and summer, on the contrary, it is clear in the mornings, while towards midday clouds cluster (' cumulus cloud '), and disappear towards the evening. In spring, temperatures set above zero around 5 April and stay until

12285-491: The turn of the 17th and 18th centuries. The historical coat of arms of Nizhny Novgorod in 1781 was a red deer with black horns and hooves on a white field. The modern coat of arms from 2006 is the same, with a ribbon of order of Lenin and gold crown from above. In 1817, the Makaryev Fair , one of the liveliest in the world, was transferred to Nizhny Novgorod and started to attract millions of visitors annually. By

12402-496: The vast Volga-Vyatka economic region , and the main centre of river tourism in Russia. In the historic part of the city there are many universities, theatres, museums and churches. The city was founded on 4 February 1221 by Prince George II of Vladimir . In 1612, Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky organized an army for the liberation of Moscow and all Russia from the Poles and Lithuanians . In 1817, Nizhny Novgorod became

12519-467: The village was changed hands several times between the belligerents' armies. In 1918, the Red Army confronted Czechoslovak units , and in 1919 they fought against the White military leader Alexander Kolchak . In the same year, the Bugulma peasants rose in a large anti-Bolshevik uprising that swept many of the surrounding regions but was soon brutally suppressed. In 1920, Almetyevskaya volost became part of

12636-407: The village. Almetyevsk was the venue for regular fairs and bazaars that contributed to the flourishing of the local economy. Soon a mosque, a post station, two factories and a school were built there. In 1851, Almetyevskaya volost became part of the Bugulminsky district of the Samara province. In 1917, the Soviets seized power in Tatarstan. Almetyevo was one of the battlefields of the Civil War, and

12753-544: The way of life and the economy of the region. The devastating years of the Revolution and the Civil War negatively affected the economy and led to the decline of agriculture. In 1921-1922, a severe famine broke out in the Volga region affecting the lives and killing several millions of people. During the NEP, the republic's economy started gradually recovering. In its heyday, 90 trade and small industrial enterprises were open in

12870-421: The west, Leninogorsky and Bugulminsky districts to the south, and Aznakaevsky district to the east. The district occupies a total land area of 2542.93 km². The district is located in the northwest of the Bugulma plateau and the elevation of the district ranges from 200 to 300 meters. The regional rivers Kichuy , Stepnoy Zai and Ursalbash along with their tributaries are among the waterways flowing through

12987-476: The west, the city was commonly called “Novgorod of the Lower lands," or “Lower Newtown.” This land was named “lower” ( nizhniy (нижний) ), even though it is actually higher in altitude than Veliky Novgorod, because it is situated downstream of other Russian cities such as Moscow, Vladimir and Murom . It was known from 1932 to 1990 as Gorky ( Горький , [ˈɡorʲkʲɪj] ). The city traces its origin from

13104-461: The “closed” status of the city accompanied the reinstatement of the city's original name in 1990. The 800th anniversary of Nizhny Novgorod was celebrated on 21 August 2021. It celebrated the history and the great people who came from the city. The climax of the celebration was the city's 800th Anniversary Gala Show. Natalia Vodianova gave a speech and Vladimir Putin was in attendance. The Central Bank of Russia issued commemorative coins to honor

13221-651: Was among several newly founded towns that escaped devastation during the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' on account of their insignificance, but grew into great centres in Russian political life during the hegemony of the Golden Horde . With the agreement of the Khan, Nizhny Novgorod was incorporated into the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality in 1264. After 86 years its importance further increased when

13338-423: Was launched. The historical coat of arms of Nizhny Novgorod was approved on 16 August 1781. The coat of arms and flag of the city depicts a red deer, which is a symbol of nobility, purity and greatness, life, wisdom and justice. The current city coat of arms and flag were adopted on 20 December 2006. The coat of arms of the city of Nizhny Novgorod is an image of a deer on a French heraldic shield , framed on

13455-610: Was placed in front of St John the Baptist Church, which is believed to be the place from where the call to the people had been proclaimed. In the course of the following century, the city prospered commercially and was chosen by the Stroganovs , the wealthiest merchant family of Russia, as a base for their operations. A particular style of architecture and icon painting, known as the Stroganov school , developed there at

13572-679: Was provided here. At the second stage, the complex of the Cathedral of the Savior was completed, a mosque and an Armenian-Gregorian church were built. The third stage marked a strict rectangular redevelopment of the fair with the paving of all streets, the creation of a number of new places of worship, including the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral , a three-story commercial building, called the Persian Caravanserai,

13689-542: Was transformed into the cognominal canton (kanton) within the Tatar ASSR . A year later, a severe famine broke out in the Volga region affecting the lives and killing several millions of people. Only in Bugulma and its lands, more than 35 thousand inhabitants died of hunger. During the 20th century, the region’s borders changed several times. In 1930, the canton's territory was divided into Almetyevsky, Bavlinsky, Bugulminsky, Tumutuksky and Shugurovsky districts. In 1963,

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