86-620: Borough Road is in Southwark , London SE1 . It runs east–west between St George's Circus and Borough High Street . The route was created as part of the planning and road improvements associated with the completion of Westminster Bridge in 1750, to provide access to Southwark from the north-west ' West End ' without having to travel through the City of London . Southwark Bridge Road crosses Borough Road north-south about halfway along. The railway to Blackfriars station also passes overhead at
172-542: A Wabanaki country . New Brunswick has numerous local service districts , 7 school districts , 10 federal electoral districts and 55 provincial electoral districts . In western and northern Canada, the federal government created districts as subdivisions of the Northwest Territories 1870–1905, partly on the model of the districts created in the Province of Canada . The first district created
258-672: A channel following a similar course was used to drain the Thames to allowing building work on London Bridge. Southwark and in particular the Bridge, proved a formidable obstacle against William the Conqueror in 1066. He failed to force the bridge during the Norman conquest of England , but Southwark was devastated . At Domesday, the area's assets were: Bishop Odo of Bayeux held the monastery (the site of modern Southwark Cathedral ) and
344-611: A collection of a number of villages. One of the cities of the county is appointed as the capital of the county. The word shahrestān comes from the Persian words shahr and ostān , which mean city (or town ) and province , respectively. The nearest equivalent of shahrestān in English would be sub-province or county. Each shahrestān has a governmental office known as farmandari which coordinates different events and governmental offices. The farmandar , or
430-489: A district ( wilayah ) is a subdivision of a Province and is headed by a District Officer (DO). Malawi is divided into 28 districts within three regions. Each district is headed by a District Commissioner. A district is known as Daerah in Malay . A district governed directly by the federal government is known as a Federal Territory , and they are Kuala Lumpur , Labuan , and Putrajaya . In East Malaysia ,
516-474: A district is a division of a state . A mukim is a subdivision of a district. The mukim , is however, of less importance with respect to the administration of local government. In Malaysia, each district will have a District Office, headed by a district officer, and is administered by a local government either being a District Council, Municipal Council, or a City Council. In some highly urbanized districts, there may be further subdivisions. For example,
602-501: A district is a subdivision within a division of a state. For example, Tuaran is a district within the West Coast Division of Sabah . A district is usually named after the main town or its administrative capital, for example, Sandakan town is the capital of the district of Sandakan, as well the capital of Sandakan Division (note: Sandakan district is a sub-division of Sandakan Division). In Peninsular Malaysia ,
688-609: A large number of buildings between Tooley Street and the Thames, including those around Hays Wharf (later replaced by Hays Galleria ) and blocks to the west almost as far as St Olave's Church . The first deep-level underground tube line in London was the City and South London Railway , now the Bank branch of the Northern line , opened in 1890, running from King William Street south through Borough to Stockwell . Southwark, since 1999,
774-682: A link, having paid for a memorial chapel within Southwark Cathedral (his family's parish church), and where its UK-based alumni hold services. John Harvard's mother's house is in Stratford-upon-Avon . In 1836 the first railway in the London area was created, the London and Greenwich Railway , originally terminating at Spa Road and later extended west to London Bridge . In 1861, another great fire in Southwark destroyed
860-513: A number of districts. The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic forms a separate, 10th economic region. 1. Absheron 2. Ganja-Qazakh 3. Shaki-Zaqatala 4. Lankaran 5. Quba-Khachmaz 6. Aran 7. Upper Karabakh 8. Kalbajar-Lachin 9. Daglig-Shirvan 10. Nakhchivan Bangladeshi districts are local administrative units. In all, there are 64 districts in Bangladesh. Originally, there were 21 greater districts with several subdivisions in each district. In 1984,
946-465: A recent innovation. In the context of pre-modern China , the English translation "district" is typically associated with xian ( 縣 ; xiàn ), another Chinese administrative division. The xian is translated as " county " in the context of modern China. In Colombia, a district is one of ten special administrative units: A "district" in Czechia is an okres (plural okresy ). After
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#17327731731411032-674: A reform in 2002, the districts lost administrative power to regions ( kraje ) and selected towns ( pověřené obce ) and became statistical zones. French districts were the first subdivision of the départements from the 4 March 1790 to the 28 pluviôse an VIII (17 February 1800). Then, in the 20th century, districts were a type of intercommunity, they've been replaced by communauté de communes and communautés d'agglomération after 1999. 175 districts were established on January 1, 2013. The existing 19 counties are subdivided into 6–18 districts per county. The capital city of Budapest does not belong to any counties and
1118-481: A single parish in 1896. The ancient borough of Southwark, was traditionally known simply as The Borough – or Borough – to distinguish it from 'The City', and this name has persisted as an alternative name for the area. The medieval heart of Southwark was also, simultaneously, referred to as the ward of Bridge Without when administered by the city (from 1550 to 1900) and as an aldermanry until 1978. The local government arrangements were reorganised in 1900 with
1204-590: A way that allowed his boats to avoid the heavily defended London Bridge. In so doing he hoped to cut London off from river borne resupply from upstream. The Dane's efforts to recapture London were in vain, until he defeated Ethelred at the Battle of Assandun in Essex later that year, and became King of England. It is thought that the section of the Kent Road, at Lock Bridge, was Canute's Trench . In May, 1016, In 1173,
1290-538: Is a well-developed visitor attraction and has grown in size. The adjacent units have been converted and form a gastronomic focus for London. Borough High Street runs roughly north to south from London Bridge towards Elephant and Castle . The Borough runs further to the south than realised; both St George's Cathedral and the Imperial War Museum are within the ancient boundaries, which border nearby Lambeth . Its entertainment district, in its heyday at
1376-533: Is administered by a Jabatan Daerah (District Office), which is headed by a Pegawai Daerah (District Officer). All district offices are government departments under the Ministry of Home Affairs ( Malay : Kementerian Hal Ehwal Dalam Negeri ). In Alberta , the municipal districts and improvement districts are types of rural municipalities . They are recognized as census subdivisions by Statistics Canada , which form parts of census divisions . In
1462-506: Is already divided to 23 districts. India's districts are local administrative units inherited from the British Raj . They generally form the tier of local government immediately below that of India 's subnational states and territories . Where warranted, districts may further be grouped into administrative divisions, which form an intermediate level between the district and the subnational state (or union territory ). A district
1548-520: Is also now served by Southwark , Bermondsey and London Bridge stations on the Jubilee line . Southwark is thought to have become a burh in 886. The area appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 within the hundred of Brixton as held by several Surrey manors . The ancient borough of Southwark, enfranchised in 1295, initially consisted of the pre-existing Surrey parishes of St George
1634-579: Is based at 83 Borough Road. The Borough Road Gallery , featuring paintings by David Bomberg and the Borough Group , opened in 2012 in the main Borough Road Building of London South Bank University. Other adjoining roads include Blackfriars Road , London Road and Newington Causeway . Position: grid reference TQ319795 Borough Road has been a site of educational activity for over two centuries. Joseph Lancaster's School
1720-438: Is elsewhere known as a ward . Hong Kong is divided into eighteen districts, each with a district council . On Mainland China , the district ( Chinese : 市辖区 ; pinyin : shìxiá qū ) is a subdivision of any of various city administrative units, including direct-administered municipalities , sub-provincial municipalities , and prefecture-level cities . Districts have county-level status. Modern districts are
1806-406: Is equivalent to a kelurahan in recent translations. This translation ambiguity has caused confusions among foreigners. Distrik or kecamatan do not have legal autonomy to govern themselves, because they are only administrative extensions of a regency or a city. Iran is subdivided into thirty one provinces ( Persian : استان ostān ), each governed from a local center, usually
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#17327731731411892-645: Is formally part of both the Republika Srpska and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina . The Assembly of the Brčko District has 29 seats. Brazilian municipalities are subdivided into districts. Small municipalities usually have only one urban district, which contains the city itself, consisting of the seat of the local government, where the municipality's prefeitura and câmara de vereadores (City Hall and City Council, respectively,
1978-576: Is headed by a Deputy Commissioner / Collector, who is responsible for the overall administration and the maintenance of law and order. The district collector may belong to IAS ( Indian Administrative Service ). Other key responsibilities include the collection of revenue , land management, co-ordination and disaster management. Usually, the Deputy Commissioner/District Collector is granted magisterial powers under section 20 of Criminal Procedure Code, and designated as
2064-570: Is in easy walking distance of the City and the West End . As such it has become a major business centre with many national and international corporations, professional practices and publishers locating to the area. London's tallest skyscraper , the Shard , is next to London Bridge Station . To the north is the River Thames , London Bridge station and Southwark Cathedral . Borough Market
2150-579: Is in reference to the City of London to the north, Southwark being at the southern end of London Bridge . In Old English , Surrey means "southern district (or the men of the southern district)", so the change from "southern district work" to the latter "southern work" may be an evolution based on the elision of the single syllable ge element, meaning district. Recent excavation has revealed pre-Roman activity including evidence of early ploughing , burial mounds and ritual activity. The natural geography of Southwark (now much altered by human activity),
2236-648: Is managed by the local government . Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties , several municipalities , subdivisions of municipalities, school district , or political district . In Afghanistan , a district ( Persian / Pashto : ولسوالۍ Wuleswali ) is a subdivision of a province. There are almost 400 districts in the country. Electoral districts are used in state elections. Districts were also used in several states as cadastral units for land titles. Some were used as squatting districts. New South Wales had several different types of districts used in
2322-463: Is now Borough High Street . For centuries London Bridge was the only Thames bridge in the area, until a bridge was built upstream more than 10 miles (16 km) to the west. In February 2022, archaeologists from the Museum of London Archaeology (MOLA) announced the discovery of a well-preserved massive Roman mosaic which is believed to date from A.D. 175–225. The dining room ( triclinium ) mosaic
2408-451: Is the area known as Borough , which has an eclectic covered and semi-covered market and numerous food and drink venues as well as the skyscraper The Shard . The Borough is generally an area of mixed development, with council estates, major office developments, social housing and high value residential gated communities side by side with each other. District A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries
2494-464: Is the oldest part of South London , developed due to its position at the southern end of the early versions of London Bridge , for centuries the only dry crossing on the river. Around 43 AD, engineers of the Roman Empire found the geographic features of the south bank here suitable for the placement and construction of the first bridge. London's historic core, the City of London , lay north of
2580-500: The Dickens's Dictionary of London (1888 edition): 51°29′57″N 0°06′04″W / 51.49906°N 0.10118°W / 51.49906; -0.10118 Southwark Southwark ( / ˈ s ʌ ð ər k / SUDH -ərk ) is a district of Central London situated on the south bank of the River Thames , forming the north-western part of the wider modern London Borough of Southwark . The district, which
2666-621: The District Magistrate . The official designations are "Collector and District Magistrate" or "Deputy Commissioner and District Magistrate". Districts are most frequently further sub-divided into smaller administrative units, called either tahliks or mandalss or mavattams , depending on the region. These units have specific local responsibilities, including in particular coordinating revenue collection. An intermediate level (the sub-division ) between district and tehsil/taluka may be formed by grouping these units under
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2752-534: The Maritimes provinces , the traditional country of the Mi'kmaw Nation organizes itself into historically 7 or 8 districts. These districts are Epekwitk and Piktuk , Eske'kewa'ki, Kespe'kewa'ki, Kespukwitk, Sikniktewa'ki, their central fire or capital district Unama'ki , and Ktaqamkuk . Although Canada and the provinces hardly recognize the legitimacy of Mi'kma'ki , the nation remains and still retains functions as
2838-504: The Province of Quebec and after 1791, Upper Canada ) was divided into districts in 1788 [1] . Districts continued to operation until 1849 when they were replaced by counties by the Province of Canada . The current Ontario districts such as Algoma and Nipissing were first created by the Province of Canada in 1858 prior to Confederation for the delivery of judicial and provincial government services to sparsely populated areas from
2924-650: The Tate Modern museum. The name Suthriganaweorc or Suthringa geweorche is recorded for the area in the 10th-century Anglo-Saxon document known as the Burghal Hidage and means "fort of the men of Surrey " or "the defensive work of the men of Surrey". Southwark is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book as Sudweca . The name means "southern defensive work" and is formed from the Old English sūþ (south) and weorc (work). The southern location
3010-620: The West London Institute of Higher Education . This then became the Osterley Campus of Brunel University from 1995 to 2006. London South Bank University was established on Borough Road as the Borough Polytechnic Institute in 1892, soon after Borough Road College had moved. The associated National School of Bakery was founded two years later in 1894 and is now the oldest bakery school in
3096-410: The district seat (e.g. Sault Ste. Marie ). Some districts may have District Social Service Administration Boards, which are designed to provide certain social services. The boundaries of a federal census division may correspond to those of a district. In Quebec , districts are municipal electoral subdivisions of boroughs , which are subdivisions of cities. They function in a similar manner to what
3182-463: The 1920's. St Olaf House (part of London Bridge Hospital ), named after the church and its saint, stands on the spot. Tooley Street , being a corruption of St Olave's Street , also takes its name from the former church. Cnut returned in 1016, but capturing the city was a great challenge. To cut London off from upstream riverborne supplies, Cnut dug a trench around Southwark, so that he could sail or drag his ships around Southwark and get upstream in
3268-444: The 21st century. In Austria , the word Bezirk is used with different meanings in three different contexts: Azerbaijan is administratively divided into the following subdivisions: The rayons are further divided into municipalities ( bələdiyyə ). Additionally, Azerbaijan is subdivided into 9 (economic) regions ( İqtisadi Rayonlar ; sing.– İqtisadi Rayon ). This is not an administrative division. Each region contains
3354-767: The Alderman was appointed by the Court of Aldermen and no Common Councilmen were ever elected. This ward was constituted of the original Guildable Manor and the properties previously held by the church, under a charter of Edward VI , latterly called the King's Manor or Great Liberty. These manors are still constituted by the City under a Bailiff and Steward with their Courts Leet and View of Frankpledge Juries and Officers which still meet—their annual assembly being held in November under
3440-590: The Borough Gaol) and eventually at Horsemonger Lane Gaol . One other local family is of note, the Harvards. John Harvard went to the local parish free school of St Saviour's and on to Cambridge University . He migrated to the Massachusetts Colony and left his library and the residue of his will to the new college there, named after him as its first benefactor. Harvard University maintains
3526-581: The City freemen or by the Southwark electorate but appointed by the Court of Aldermen. The Borough and Bankside Community Council corresponds to the Southwark electoral wards of Cathedrals and Chaucer. They are part of the Bermondsey and Old Southwark Parliament constituency whose Member of Parliament is Neil Coyle . It is within the Lambeth and Southwark London Assembly constituency. Until 2022 Southwark
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3612-534: The Clink manor, which was never controlled by the city, but was held under the Bishopric of Winchester 's nominal authority. This lack of oversight helped the area become the entertainment district for London, with a concentration of sometimes disreputable attractions such as bull and bear-baiting , taverns, theatre and brothels . In the 1580s, Reasonable Blackman worked as a silk weaver in Southwark, as one of
3698-483: The Executive and Legislative local bodies) are located. The rural districts and groups of urban districts (mainly in large cities) may also present a sub local Executive body, named subprefeitura . A district is known locally as daerah and it is the first-level administrative division of Brunei. There are four districts in the country, namely Brunei-Muara , Tutong , Belait and Temburong . Each district
3784-535: The Martyr , St Olave , St Margaret and St Mary . St Margaret and St Mary were abolished in 1541 and their former area combined to create Southwark St Saviour . Around 1555 Southwark St Thomas was split off from St Olave, and in 1733 Southwark St John Horsleydown was also split off. In 1855 the parishes came into the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works . The large St George
3870-637: The Martyr . William Hogarth depicted this fair in his engraving of Southwark Fair (1733). Southwark was also the location of several prisons , including those of the Crown or Prerogative Courts, the Marshalsea and King's Bench prisons, those of the local manors' courts, e.g., Borough Compter , The Clink and the Surrey county gaol originally housed at the White Lion Inn (also informally called
3956-542: The Martyr parish was governed by its own administrative vestry, but the smaller St John Horsleydown, St Olave and St Thomas parishes were grouped together to form the St Olave District . St Saviour was combined with Southwark Christchurch (the former liberty of Paris Garden) to form the St Saviour's District . In 1889 the area became part of the new County of London . St Olave and St Thomas were combined as
4042-719: The Rose. In 1599 the Globe Theatre , in which Shakespeare was a shareholder, was erected on the Bankside in the Liberty of the Clink. It burned down in 1613, and was rebuilt in 1614, only to be closed by the Puritans in 1642 and subsequently pulled down not long thereafter. A modern replica, called Shakespeare's Globe , has been built near the original site. The impresario in the later Elizabethan period for these entertainments
4128-523: The Thames in Roman Britain , it determined the position of Londinium ; without London Bridge there is unlikely to have been a settlement of any importance in the area; previously the main crossing had been a ford near Vauxhall Bridge . Because of the bridge and the establishment of London, the Romans routed two Roman roads into Southwark: Stane Street and Watling Street which met in what in what
4214-521: The area of municipal powers, regional districts – which are somewhat analogous to counties in other jurisdictions, a number of municipalities, and unincorporated areas – are always referred to as "regional districts" to distinguish them from district municipalities and other kinds of district. Other kinds of districts in British Columbia are: Situated across the Atlantic provinces and
4300-482: The bridge and for centuries the area of Southwark just south of the bridge was partially governed by the City, while other areas of the district were more loosely governed. The section known as Liberty of the Clink became a place of entertainment. By the 12th century Southwark had been incorporated as an ancient borough , and this historic status is reflected in the alternative name of the area, as Borough . The ancient borough of Southwark's river frontage extended from
4386-518: The bridge making it all but impregnable to the modest Royalist force. On 26 May 1676, ten years after the Great Fire of London , a great fire broke out, which continued for 17 hours before houses were blown up to create fire breaks. King Charles II and his brother, James , Duke of York , oversaw the effort. There was also a famous fair in Southwark which took place near the Church of St George
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#17327731731414472-530: The bridge, but according to Snorri Sturleson's saga, Edgar and Olaf tied ropes from the bridge's supporting posts and pulled it into the river, together with the Danish army, allowing Ethelred to recapture London. This may be the origin of the nursery rhyme " London Bridge Is Falling Down ". There was a church, St Olave's Church , dedicated to St Olaf before the Norman Conquest and this survived until
4558-400: The capital of that district. A district ( 郡 , gun ) is a local administrative unit comprising towns and villages but not cities . See districts of Japan for a more complete description. In 1923, its administrative role was abolished although it is still in use for addressing purposes. "District" is also a translation of chiku , defined by Japan's planning law. In Kenya ,
4644-429: The capital region) and municipality, or the lowest judicial level, are in English, sometimes called districts as well. Bhutanese districts ( dzongkhag ) are local administrative units consisting of village blocks called gewog . Some have subdistricts called dungkhag . In Bosnia and Herzegovina, a district is a self-governing administrative unit. Brčko District in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina
4730-562: The connection with the City of London. In 1327 the city acquired from Edward III the original vill of Southwark and this was also described as "the borough". In 1536 Henry VIII acquired the Bermondsey Priory properties and in 1538 that of the Archbishop. In 1550 these were sold to the city. After many decades of petitioning, in 1550 Southwark was incorporated into the City of London as the ward of Bridge Without . However,
4816-572: The creation of the Metropolitan Borough of Southwark . It comprised the parishes of Southwark Christchurch, Southwark St Saviours, Southwark St George the Martyr and Newington . The Metropolitan Borough of Southwark was based at the former Newington Vestry Hall, now known as Walworth Town Hall . The eastern parishes that had formed the St Olave District instead became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Bermondsey . In 1965
4902-608: The district of Petaling in Selangor is administered by 3 local governments: Shah Alam City Council , Petaling Jaya City Council , and Subang Jaya Municipal Council . Another example is the district of Johor Bahru in Johor , which has 3 subdivisions: Johor Bahru City Council , Iskandar Puteri City Council , and Pasir Gudang Municipal Council . Conversely, there may be one local government administering more than one district, for example, Seberang Perai Municipal Council administers
4988-418: The districts of Central Seberang Perai , North Seberang Perai , and South Seberang Perai ; as well as Kuala Terengganu City Council , which administers the districts of Kuala Terengganu and Kuala Nerus . An administrative district border and an electoral district border ( constituency ) transcend each other and do not correspond with each other in most instances. Malta holds 13 Electoral Divisions for
5074-462: The first people of African heritage to work as independent business owners in London in that era. In 1587, Southwark's first playhouse theatre, The Rose , opened. The Rose was set up by Philip Henslowe , and soon became a popular place of entertainment for all classes of Londoners. Both Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare , two of the finest writers of the Elizabethan age, worked at
5160-736: The government made all these subdivisions into districts. Each district has several sub-districts called Upazila in Bengali with a total 493 Upzillas. In Belgian municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, on the initiative of the local council, sub-municipal administrative entities with elected councils may be created. As such, only Antwerp , having over 460,000 inhabitants, became subdivided into nine districts ( Dutch : districten ). The Belgian arrondissements (also in French as well as in Dutch ), an administrative level between province (or
5246-407: The head of farmandari , is the governor of the shahrestān which is the highest governmental authority in the division. In Iraq, they use the word qadaa for districts. There are over a hundred districts, each district being within one of 18 Iraqi governorates , sometimes known as provinces. The district generally (but not always) bears the name of a city within that district, usually
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#17327731731415332-485: The junction where there had been Borough Road Station . The campus of London South Bank University lies to the south between St George's Circus and the junction with Southwark Bridge Road. The main entrance lies on Borough Road and is also LSBU's main address. The building where this entrance is located is known as the Borough Road Building , at 103 Borough Road. The London School of Musical Theatre
5418-493: The largest local city, which is called the capital ( Persian : Markaz ) of that province. The provinces of Iran further subdivided into counties called ( Persian : شهرستان shahrestān ), an area inside an ostān , and consists of a city center, few bakhsh ( Persian : بخش ) and many villages around them. There are usually a few cities ( Persian : شهر shahr ) and rural agglomerations ( Persian : دهستان dehestān ) in each county. Rural agglomerations are
5504-407: The last decade. Declining wharfage trade, light industry and factories have given way to residential development, shops, restaurants, galleries, bars and most notably major office developments housing international headquarters of accountancy, legal and other professional services consultancies, most notably along London Bridge City and More London between Tooley Street and the riverside. The area
5590-453: The main settlement of London to the north of the bridge, had been more or less abandoned, a little earlier, by the end of the fourth century. {{{annotations}}} Southwark appears to recover only during the time of King Alfred and his successors. Sometime about 886, the burh of Southwark was created and the Roman city area reoccupied. It was probably fortified to defend the bridge and hence
5676-650: The modern borough boundary, just to the west of the Oxo Tower , to St Saviour's Dock (originally the mouth of the River Neckinger ) in the east. In the 16th century, parts of Southwark near London Bridge became a formal City ward, Bridge Without . The urban area expanded over the years and Southwark was completely separated administratively from the City in 1900. Local points of interest include Southwark Cathedral , Borough Market , Shakespeare's Globe theatre, The Shard , Tower Bridge , Butler's Wharf and
5762-472: The number of parliamentary constituencies (545). This number went up to a total of 723 districts in 2019. In Western New Guinea , one of the seven regions of Indonesia , a distrik is a subdivision of a regency or a city. Formerly it was called a kecamatan . In translations of most official documents, kecamatan itself is translated into English as "district", but some other documents (especially from older era) translated it to "subdistrict", which
5848-404: The oversight of Assistant Commissioners , Sub-collectors or Sub-divisional magistrate . Each district includes one or two cities (or large towns), a few smaller towns and dozens of villages. Most of the Indian districts have the same name as their main town or city. As of April 2016, the National Informatics Centre of the Government of India , lists a total of 664 districts in India, more than
5934-428: The present High Steward (the Recorder of London ). The Ward and Aldermanry were effectively abolished in 1978, by merging it with the Ward of Bridge Within. These manorial courts were preserved under the Administration of Justice Act 1977. Therefore, between 1750 and 1978 Southwark had two persons (the Alderman and the Recorder) who were members of the city's Court of Aldermen and Common Council who were elected neither by
6020-414: The province of British Columbia , there are several kinds of administrative districts by that name. The usual usage is a reference to district municipalities , which are a class of municipality in the same hierarchy as city, town, or village. Most are styled, e.g., " District of Mission " or "District of Wells" , though some are styled, e.g., "Corporation of Delta" or " Township of Langley ". Within
6106-490: The reemerging City of London to the north. This defensive role is highlighted by the role of the bridge in the 1014-1016 war between King Ethelred the Unready and his ally Olaf II Haraldsson (later King of Norway, and afterwards known as St Olaf , or St Olave ) on one side, and Sweyn Forkbeard and his son Cnut (later King Cnut), on the other. London submitted to Swein in 1014, but on Swein's death, Ethelred returned, with Olaf in support. Swein had fortified London and
6192-658: The regulation of the city's Livery Companies . In 1327 the City obtained control from King Edward III of the manor next to the south side of London Bridge known as the Town of Southwark (called latterly the Guildable Manor —i.e., the place of taxes and tolls). The Livery Companies also ensured that they had jurisdiction over the area. From the Norman period manorial organisation obtained through major lay and ecclesiastic magnates. Southwark still has vestiges of this because of
6278-407: The tideway, which still exists as St Mary Overie dock; the King owned the church (probably St Olave's ) and its tidal stream (St Olave's Dock); the dues of the waterway or mooring place were shared between King William I and Earl Godwin ; the King also had the toll of the strand; and "men of Southwark" had the right to "a haw and its toll". Southwark's value to the King was £ 16. Much of Southwark
6364-501: The time of Shakespeare 's Globe Theatre (which stood 1599–1642) has revived in the form of the post-1997 reinvention of the original theatre, Shakespeare's Globe , incorporating other smaller theatre spaces, an exhibition about Shakespeare's life and work and which neighbours Vinopolis and the London Dungeon . The Southbank area, primarily in Lambeth but shared with Southwark also hosts many artistic venues. At its heart
6450-496: The two boroughs were combined with the Metropolitan Borough of Camberwell to form the current London Borough of Southwark . A new Diocese of Southwark was established in 1905 from parts of the Diocese of Rochester ; the diocese serves large parts of south London and Surrey. Southwark was outside of the control of the City of London and was a haven for criminals and free traders, who would sell goods and conduct trades outside
6536-716: The world. The Institute expanded and became the Polytechnic of the South Bank (1970), South Bank Polytechnic (1987), attaining university status as South Bank University in 1992, before adopting its current name in 2003. A bust of Joseph Lancaster , given by the Victorian philanthropist John Passmore Edwards , remains at the university. More recently, the London School of Musical Theatre was founded by Glenn Lee. The following were listed as being on Borough Road in
6622-491: Was Shakespeare's colleague Edward Alleyn , who left many local charitable endowments, most notably Dulwich College . During the Second English Civil War , a force of Kentish Royalist Rebels approached London, hoping the lightly defended city might fall to them, or that the citizens would rise in their favour, however their hopes were quashed when Philip Skippon , in charge of the defence swiftly fortified
6708-542: Was controlled by the city's officers—it was later removed in order to improve traffic to the Bridge, under a separate Trust by Act of Parliament of 1756 as the Borough Market on the present site. The area was renowned for its inns, especially The Tabard , from which Geoffrey Chaucer 's pilgrims set off on their journey in The Canterbury Tales . The continuing defensive importance of London Bridge
6794-564: Was demonstrated by its important role in thwarting Jack Cade's Rebellion in 1450; Cade's army tried to force its way across the bridge to enter the City, but was foiled in a battle which cost 200 lives. The bridge was also closed during the Siege of London in 1471, helping to foil attempts by the Bastard of Fauconberg to cross and capture the City. Just west of the Bridge was the Liberty of
6880-610: Was established by the Quaker , Joseph Lancaster , on this road in 1798. It was an early and innovative example of a universal free school, based on the monitorial system , that became known as a British School . An associated teacher training institute, Borough Road College , was established soon afterwards in 1804, also in Borough Road. In 1889, the college moved to Isleworth , west London . Much later, in 1975, Borough Road College merged with Maria Grey Training College to form
6966-399: Was mostly made up of a series of often marshy tidal islands in the Thames, with some of the waterways between these island formed by branches of the River Neckinger , a tributary of the Thames. A narrow strip of higher firmer ground ran on a N-S alignment and, even at high tide, provided a much narrower stretch of water, enabling the Romans to bridge the river. As the lowest bridging point of
7052-465: Was originally owned by the church – the greatest reminder of monastic London is Southwark Cathedral , originally the priory of St Mary Overie. During the early Middle Ages , Southwark developed and was one of the four Surrey towns which returned Members of Parliament for the first commons assembly in 1295. An important market occupied the High Street from some time in the 13th century, which
7138-506: Was patterned with knot patterns known as the Solomon's knot and dark red and blue floral and geometric shapes known as guilloche . Archaeological work at Tabard Street in 2004 discovered a plaque with the earliest reference to 'Londoners' from the Roman period on it. Londinium was abandoned at the end of the Roman occupation in the early 5th century and both the city and its bridge collapsed in decay. The settlement at Southwark, like
7224-562: Was the District of Keewatin in 1876 followed by four more districts in 1882. Gradually, these districts became separate territories (such as Yukon ), separate provinces (such as Alberta and Saskatchewan ) or were absorbed into other provinces. In Ontario , a district is a statutory subdivision of the province, but, unlike a county, a district is not incorporated. Most districts are composed of unincorporated lands, mostly Crown land . Originally present-day Southern Ontario (then part of
7310-698: Was the location of City Hall , the administrative headquarters of the Greater London Authority and the meeting place of the London Assembly and Mayor of London . Since 2009, Southwark London Borough Council has its main offices at 160 Tooley Street , having moved administrative staff from the Camberwell Town Hall . In common with much of the south bank of the Thames , the Borough has seen extensive regeneration in
7396-490: Was the principal determining factor for the location of London Bridge, and therefore London itself. Until relatively recent times, the Thames in central London was much wider and shallower at high tide. The natural shoreline of the City Of London was a short distance further back than it is now, and the high tide shoreline on the Southwark side was much further back, except for the area around London Bridge. Southwark
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