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94-458: Bauan , officially the Municipality of Bauan ( Tagalog : Bayan ng Bauan ), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Batangas , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 90,819 people. Bauan derived its name from the following Tagalog words: Since then, the place's name was registered as Bauang, which was later renamed to Bauan. Bauan is formerly

188-408: A barrio part of Taal . The Augustinian church of Bauan was founded as a visita (small chapel without a resident priest) in 1590 on the slopes of Mount Macolod , along Taal Lake 's southern shore. The resident priest of Taal, Father Diego de Avila would visit periodically and attend to the spiritual needs of the settlement. Six years after the establishment of the ecclesiastical mission of Bauan,

282-720: A branch line of the Philippine National Railways until its closure. As part of President Rodrigo Duterte 's infrastructure development program, DuterteNomics or "Build-Build-Build", a railway line from Calamba will be constructed to connect with the city. The railway line, the Calamba-Batangas Line, a part of the longer Manila-Matnog Railway, is approved by the National Economic Development Authority on September 12, 2017, and funding will be provided by

376-541: A common national language based on one of the existing native languages. After study and deliberation, the National Language Institute, a committee composed of seven members who represented various regions in the Philippines, chose Tagalog as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. President Manuel L. Quezon then, on December 30, 1937, proclaimed

470-694: A division in Batangas City. For of the academic year of 2013–2014, there are 82 public elementary schools and 18 public high schools. For the academic year of 2016–2017, 50 private schools offering various levels of education from pre-school to college level have legal permit to operate in the city. GMA Network serve Batangas City through local channels. ABS-CBN 's regional channel, ABS-CBN Southern Tagalog ( DZAD-TV , channel 10) have hosted its studios in Batangas City until they moved to Lipa in 2015. GMA serves Batangas City through channels 12 ( D-12-ZB-TV ) and GTV via channel 26 (DZDK-TV). Cable television

564-553: A giant cross made of anubing was found in a Diñgin (a place of worship) near the town of Alitagtag . In 1790, Castro y Amoedo found a Tagalog document in the Bauan Cathedral Archives, signed by 25 Indio elders , stating the cross was made around 1595, as protection from ghosts surrounding the Tolo fountain. Subsequent miracles were associated with this cross. On May 3, the 2.5-meter (8 ft 2 in) tall cross

658-525: A much more extensive area. However, throughout history, chunks of Bauan have been converted into municipalities; San Jose in 1765, Alitagtag in 1910, Mabini in 1918, Tingloy in 1955, and San Pascual in 1969. In March 2019, the Black Nazarene visited the church to help funds for rebuilding after the church was damaged in the 2017 Batangas earthquakes. Bauan is one of the lowland towns of central Batangas that hosts some mountains and hills, with

752-487: A national language is not without its own controversies. Instead of specifying Tagalog, the national language was designated as Wikang Pambansâ ("National Language") in 1939. Twenty years later, in 1959, it was renamed by then Secretary of Education, José E. Romero , as Pilipino to give it a national rather than ethnic label and connotation. The changing of the name did not, however, result in acceptance among non- Tagalogs , especially Cebuanos who had not accepted

846-453: A national language was strongly promoted; the 1943 Constitution specifying: "The government shall take steps toward the development and propagation of Tagalog as the national language." In 1959, the language was further renamed as "Pilipino". Along with English, the national language has had official status under the 1973 constitution (as "Pilipino") and the present 1987 constitution (as Filipino). The adoption of Tagalog in 1937 as basis for

940-476: A new constitution was drawn up in 1987, it named Filipino as the national language. The constitution specified that as the Filipino language evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. However, more than two decades after the institution of the "universalist" approach, there seems to be little if any difference between Tagalog and Filipino. Many of

1034-612: A part: Northern (exemplified by the Bulacan dialect), Central (including Manila), Southern (exemplified by Batangas), and Marinduque. Some example of dialectal differences are: Perhaps the most divergent Tagalog dialects are those spoken in Marinduque. Linguist Rosa Soberano identifies two dialects, western and eastern, with the former being closer to the Tagalog dialects spoken in the provinces of Batangas and Quezon. One example

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1128-475: A petrochemical facility in Pinamucan Ibaba, with expansions to accommodate a coal power plant, which raised controversy to locals and environmentalists. Other companies also set up refineries for distribution to the province and nearby areas. Batangas City hosts shopping malls such as SM City Batangas, operated by SM Supermalls, and Bay City Mall and Nuciti Central, owned by local retail companies. There

1222-517: A quarter of the population of the Philippines , and as a second language by the majority, mostly as or through Filipino . Its standardized , codified, national or nationalized, intellectualized, more linguistically inclusive, more linguistically dynamic, and expanded or broadened form, officially named Filipino , is the national language of the Philippines, and is one of the latter's two official languages , alongside English . Tagalog, like

1316-499: A religion and music-oriented station. Other radio stations include 91.9 Air1 Radio Southern Tagalog (DWCH), an adult contemporary -oriented station, 99.9 GV FM (DZGV), a contemporary hit radio station, and 104.7 Brigada News FM ( DWEY ), an FM news radio station. Batangas State University hosts a college radio station, 107.3 BatStateU FM (DWPB-FM). Signals from other stations in Metro Manila are not clearly received because of

1410-460: A road network based on a rough grid, typical of Spanish-era cities and towns. Streets in the area are mostly named from historical figures, such as Apolinario Mabini , Diego Silang , Juan B. Alegre , the Gomburza ( Mariano Gomez , José Burgos , and Jacinto Zamora ) and the ilustrados ( José Rizal , Marcelo del Pilar , and Graciano López Jaena ). Batangas City, then a town, was served by

1504-604: A soft bread coated in sugar, and Pianono, a rolled bread with cream inside. While Bauan is known as "the Gateway to Mabini," an adjacent town known for its beaches, Bauan has Sampaguita beach. It is a long, white-sand beach that is relatively underdeveloped but fairly accessible. and is already being flocked by tourists. There is also a river in Bauan called the Abaksa River that can be found in between Inicbulan and Balayong. It

1598-413: A two million twenty-foot equivalent units capacity, with 900 meters of quay and eight ship-to-shore gantry cranes, handling ro-ro, project and containerized cargo. Tagalog language Tagalog ( / t ə ˈ ɡ ɑː l ɒ ɡ / , tə- GAH -log ; [tɐˈɣaː.loɡ] ; Baybayin : ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔ ) is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by the ethnic Tagalog people , who make up

1692-401: Is 105 kilometers (65 mi) from Manila . Batangas City is politically subdivided into 105 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . Pagkilatan was formerly a sitio of Matoco. Malalim was formerly the "southern portion of the barrio of Sirang Lupa, the northern portion of the barrio Mahabang Dahilig, and the eastern portion of San Isidro" "together with

1786-458: Is Tagalog dikít and Visayan & Bikol dukót . Proto-Philippine *r , *j , and *z merged with /d/ but is /l/ between vowels. Proto-Philippine *ŋajan (name) and *hajək (kiss) became Tagalog ngalan and halík . Adjacent to an affix, however, it becomes /r/ instead: bayád (paid) → bayaran (to pay). Proto-Philippine *R merged with /ɡ/ . *tubiR (water) and *zuRuʔ (blood) became Tagalog tubig and dugô . The word Tagalog

1880-446: Is a fairly shallow river with cool waters and is also relatively underdeveloped. The ICTSI 's wholly owned subsidiary, Bauan International Ports, Inc. is developing the $ 800 million Luzon International Container Terminal (LICT). The country's second-largest container facility which will start its operations in 2028. The largest private marine terminal is a 20-hectare multi-purpose, multi-user terminal along Batangas Bay in Bauan. It has

1974-506: Is a sizeable number of supermarkets in the urbanized areas, some being part of malls while others being stand-alone neighborhood markets, fiercely competing with local public markets. The Poblacion area hosts numerous shops, restaurants, banks, pawnshops, and other establishments. Two major public markets in the city proper serves produce from the rural barangays of the city as well as nearby municipalities. The Diversion Road, constructed to divert traffic going to Batangas Port and Bauan from

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2068-414: Is also home to a handful of tourist destinations and points of interest. Restaurants found in the national capital region Metro Manila have their branches in the town. There are also some shopping centers and malls. Fresh fruits, vegetables, meat, and fish are sold there. Household items such as brooms, appliances, sewing supplies can also be found in the town's market.The town is home to the famous Londres,

2162-637: Is also spoken natively by inhabitants living on the islands of Marinduque and Mindoro , as well as Palawan to a lesser extent. Significant minorities are found in the other Central Luzon provinces of Pampanga and Tarlac , Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur in Bicol Region, the Cordillera city of Baguio and various parts of Mindanao especially in the island's urban areas, but especially, more accurately and specifically, officially, sociolinguistically and linguistic politically as, through or in

2256-523: Is known as the foremost Tagalog writer, his most notable work being the 19th-century epic Florante at Laura . Tagalog was declared the official language by the first revolutionary constitution in the Philippines, the Constitution of Biak-na-Bato in 1897. In 1935, the Philippine constitution designated English and Spanish as official languages, but mandated the development and adoption of

2350-399: Is located along Governor Antonio Carpio Road, Pastor Village, Gulod Labac. A specialty dish of the city is pancit na pula (also known as pancit tikyano or miki pula ), a variation of pansit miki guisado of red miki noodles. The city is also famous for its nilupak . The art of making the dish is indigenous to the area and has been cited as having a great potential for inclusion in

2444-449: Is now considered to have five vowel phonemes following the introduction of two marginal phonemes from Spanish, /o/ and /e/. Nevertheless, simplification of pairs [o ~ u] and [ɛ ~ i] is likely to take place, especially in some Tagalog as second language, remote location and working class registers. The four diphthongs are /aj/ , /uj/ , /aw/ , and /iw/ . Long vowels are not written apart from pedagogical texts, where an acute accent

2538-510: Is performed at a sambahan (place of worship), two of which are natural grottos along the shore of Taal Lake, and one of which is called Diñgin. Bauan became an independent parish on May 12, 1596, but was re-annexed to Taal, its matriz (mother town), because of too few tributos (taxpayers). Due to Taal Volcano eruptions, the town moved to Durungao (lookout point), led by Father Jose Rodriguez, in 1662. The town moved again in 1671 to Loual, along Taal's Seno de Bauan . An earthquake struck

2632-554: Is possibly derived from the endonym taga-ilog ("river dweller"), composed of tagá- ("native of" or "from") and ilog ("river"), or alternatively, taga-alog deriving from alog ("pool of water in the lowlands"; "rice or vegetable plantation"). Linguists such as David Zorc and Robert Blust speculate that the Tagalogs and other Central Philippine ethno-linguistic groups originated in Northeastern Mindanao or

2726-745: Is primarily spoken in northern Philippines) are among the non-official languages of Hawaii that its state offices and state-funded entities are required to provide oral and written translations to its residents. Election ballots in Nevada include instructions written in Tagalog, which was first introduced in the 2020 United States presidential elections . Other countries with significant concentrations of overseas Filipinos and Tagalog speakers include Saudi Arabia with 938,490, Canada with 676,775, Japan with 313,588, United Arab Emirates with 541,593, Kuwait with 187,067, and Malaysia with 620,043. At present, no comprehensive dialectology has been done in

2820-604: Is provided by Batangas MyCATV (formerly Batangas CATV). Batangas City has local newspapers like the English-language Sun.Star People's Courier and the Tagalog-language Balikas . Newspapers marketed in Metro Manila, such as the major broadsheets Philippine Star , Philippine Daily Inquirer , and Manila Bulletin , and tabloids like Abante , Balita , People's Journal , Pilipino Mirror , and Pilipino Star Ngayon , are also sold in

2914-501: Is said to be the most artistically built in the province of Batangas during that time. Father Bravo was also an imminent botanist who put up a museum of natural history and collected rare books that were lost when the church was razed by fire during the Philippine revolution against Spain in 1898. The church was probably rebuilt and again destroyed by fire in 1938. It has been restored since then. The town of Bauan used to encompass

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3008-698: Is spoken in Soccsksargen , a southwestern region in Mindanao , as well as Cotabato City. This "hybrid" Tagalog dialect is a blend of Tagalog (including its dialects) with other languages where they are widely spoken and varyingly heard such as Hiligaynon (a regional lingua franca), Ilocano , Cebuano as well as Maguindanaon and other indigenous languages native to region, as a result of migraton from Panay , Negros , Cebu , Bohol , Siquijor , Ilocandia , Cagayan Valley , Cordillera Administrative Region , Central Luzon, Calabarzon, Mindoro and Marinduque since

3102-507: Is the verb conjugation paradigms. While some of the affixes are different, Marinduque also preserves the imperative affixes, also found in Visayan and Bikol languages, that have mostly disappeared from most Tagalog early 20th century; they have since merged with the infinitive. The Manila Dialect is the basis for the national language. Outside of Luzon, a variety of Tagalog called Soccsksargen Tagalog (Sox-Tagalog, also called Kabacan Tagalog)

3196-413: Is used: á é í ó ú. The table above shows all the possible realizations for each of the five vowel sounds depending on the speaker's origin or proficiency. The five general vowels are in bold . Below is a chart of Tagalog consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word. Loanword variants using these phonemes are italicized inside

3290-493: The Batangas International Port , one of the busiest passenger and container terminals in the Philippines. It also hosts one of the largest oil refineries in the country, three natural gas power plants, and several other major industries. In addition, the city also serves as the educational, industrial and the transportation center of the province. Batangas City is one of the proposed metropolitan area in

3384-735: The Bicol Region and the Visayas islands, such as the Bikol group and the Visayan group , including Waray-Waray , Hiligaynon and Cebuano . Tagalog differs from its Central Philippine counterparts with its treatment of the Proto-Philippine schwa vowel *ə . In most Bikol and Visayan languages, this sound merged with /u/ and [o] . In Tagalog, it has merged with /i/ . For example, Proto-Philippine *dəkət (adhere, stick)

3478-763: The Eastern Visayas . Possible words of Old Tagalog origin are attested in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription from the tenth century, which is largely written in Old Malay . The first known complete book to be written in Tagalog is the Doctrina Christiana (Christian Doctrine), printed in 1593. The Doctrina was written in Spanish and two transcriptions of Tagalog; one in the ancient, then-current Baybayin script and

3572-536: The Formosan languages of Taiwan , Indonesian , Malay , Hawaiian , Māori , Malagasy , and many more. Tagalog is a Central Philippine language within the Austronesian language family. Being Malayo-Polynesian , it is related to other Austronesian languages, such as Malagasy , Javanese , Indonesian , Malay , Tetum (of Timor), and Yami (of Taiwan). It is closely related to the languages spoken in

3666-896: The Sublian Festival on the same day. Batangas City's public transportation mainly include jeepneys and tricycles. Also, the city has transportation between barangays and other cities and municipalities. The city's central transportation hub is the Batangas City Grand Terminal, location along the Diversion Road in Alangilan. Batangas City serves as a terminus for major highways like the Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR Tollway), Jose P. Laurel Highway (N4) and Batangas-Quezon Road (N435), and Bauan-Batangas Road (N436). In

3760-763: The UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists . Batangas City host three major religious festivals, such as the Feast of the Santo Niño at every third Sunday of January, as well as religious processions during Good Friday and the Feast of the Immaculate Conception . The Sublian Festival, held every July 23, revives the old Batangueño tradition of subli . The Batangas City Founding Day celebrations are done alongside

3854-519: The 2000 Philippine Census, approximately 96% of the household population who were able to attend school could speak Tagalog, or especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of Filipino; and about 28% of the total population spoke it natively. The following regions and provinces of the Philippines are majority Tagalog-speaking, or also overlapping with being more accurately and specifically Filipino-speaking (from north to south): Tagalog speakers are also found in other parts of

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3948-661: The 2020 census conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority , there were 109 million people living in the Philippines, where the vast majority have some basic level of understanding of the language, mostly, mainly, majority or predominantly because of Filipino. The Tagalog homeland, Katagalugan, covers roughly much of the central to southern parts of the island of Luzon — particularly in Aurora , Bataan , Batangas , Bulacan , Cavite , Laguna , Metro Manila , Nueva Ecija , Quezon , and Rizal . Tagalog

4042-404: The 3,119.75-square-kilometer (1,204.54 sq mi) total area of Batangas. Bauan is politically subdivided into 40 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . Barangay San Teodoro was created in 1953 from the sitio of Pook ng Buhangin from Barrio Ilat and the sitio of Cupang from Barrio Gelerang Kawayan. In 1954, the sitio of Jipit in the barrio of San Antonio

4136-932: The Batangas City International Container Port (with turn-over to the Philippine Ports Authority ). She also inspected a major road project in Southern Tagalog . She then inspected the P1.5-billion Southern Tagalog Arterial Road (STAR), Stage II-Phase 1 connecting Lipa (19.74 kilometers and Batangas and the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) road widening, expansion and the STAR toll way development projects in Batangas. Batangas City lies in

4230-670: The Chinese government. Start of construction of the railway, as part of the Manila-Matnog Railway, is not yet set. Electricity services in Batangas City is provided by Meralco for most of its barangays. Some barangays in the eastern rural area near the boundary with Taysan are served by the Batangas II Electric Cooperative (BATELEC-II). Power in off-grid Verde Island is provided by diesel generators and solar panels. The water services in

4324-521: The Japanese location of defenses and movements. Hostilities ended as the war came closer to the end. After the Liberation, President Manuel Roxas issued his reappointment. Mayor Perez ran and won in 1944, the first post-War elections in the country. In November 1949, he was killed by an unknown assassin. Vice Mayor Atilano Magadia succeeded Perez as Mayor, serving until 1951. Mayor Macario Chavez

4418-501: The Philippines and especially, more accurately and specifically, officially, sociolinguistically and linguistic politically as and through its standardized, codified, national or nationalized, intellectualized, more linguistically inclusive, more linguistically dynamic, and expanded or broaden form of, as and through Filipino , and the language serves as the national lingua franca of the country, but especially or more accurately and specifically as and through Filipino. Tagalog serves as

4512-548: The Philippines created a pueblo in the area which included the hill (now Hilltop ) where the present Provincial Capitol of Batangas stands after the formal end of the Coumintang Kingdom. The town was named "Batangan" because huge logs, locally called "batang", abounded in the place. The Spanish government appointed Don Agustin Casilao as Batangan's first gobernadorcillo . Said title of "little governor" as head of

4606-399: The Philippines. Metro Batangas is proposed to include the component city of Batangas, as well as the towns of Alitagtag , Bauan , Ibaan , Lobo , Mabini , Rosario , San Juan , San Luis , San Pascual , Santa Teresita , Taal , Taysan and Tingloy . The first Spanish missionaries arrived in Batangas City in 1572 due to group migration. Finally, in 1581, Spanish authorities governing

4700-487: The Tagalog-speaking regions, though there have been descriptions in the form of dictionaries and grammars of various Tagalog dialects. Ethnologue lists Manila, Lubang, Marinduque , Bataan (Western Central Luzon), Batangas , Bulacan (Eastern Central Luzon), Tanay-Paete (Rizal-Laguna), and Tayabas (Quezon) as dialects of Tagalog; however, there appear to be four main dialects, of which the aforementioned are

4794-644: The United States Census Bureau's 2015 American Consumer Survey shows that Tagalog is the most commonly spoken non-English language after Spanish in California , Nevada , and Washington states. Tagalog is one of three recognized languages in San Francisco , California, along with Spanish and Chinese, making all essential city services be communicated using these languages along with English. Meanwhile, Tagalog and Ilocano (which

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4888-411: The angle brackets. Glottal stop is not indicated. Glottal stops are most likely to occur when: Stress is a distinctive feature in Tagalog. Primary stress occurs on either the final or the penultimate syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress except when stress occurs at the end of a word. Tagalog words are often distinguished from one another by the position of

4982-506: The arrival of the Spanish in 1521 and the beginning of their colonization in 1565, Tagalog was written in an abugida —or alphasyllabary —called Baybayin . This system of writing gradually gave way to the use and propagation of the Latin alphabet as introduced by the Spanish. As the Spanish began to record and create grammars and dictionaries for the various languages of the Philippine archipelago, they adopted systems of writing closely following

5076-629: The auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein. In 2009, the Department of Education promulgated an order institutionalizing a system of mother-tongue based multilingual education ("MLE"), wherein instruction is conducted primarily in a student's mother tongue (one of the various regional Philippine languages) until at least grade three, with additional languages such as Filipino and English being introduced as separate subjects no earlier than grade two. In secondary school, Filipino and English become

5170-644: The barangays east and mountains south of the city as the main Allied Force continued their drive towards the Quezon Province . Some of local guerrillas and irregulars of the President Quezon's Own Guerrillas (PQOG) was entering and re-invaded in Batangas City. Throughout the battle, recognized guerrilla fighters played an important key role in the advancement of the combined American and Philippine troops, providing key roads and information for

5264-564: The barrio of San Miguel. The next year, sitio Puting Buhangin of barrio Magalanggalang was converted into barrio Orense. In the 2020 census, Bauan had a population of 90,819. The population density was 1,700 inhabitants per square kilometer (4,400/sq mi). Poverty incidence of Bauan Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Bauan is one of three political entities included in Metro Batangas, and as such has contributed to its continuous growth in businesses and population. It

5358-433: The city proper, is seeing a rise in retail stores in addition to industrial space. Numerous car dealerships are built along the length of the road in barangays Alangilan and Balagtas. Fast food restaurants, like McDonald's and Shakey's Pizza are also rising near the Batangas City Grand Terminal. In response to population and economic growth, local or national real estate companies are developing subdivisions to accommodate

5452-589: The city through local distributors. The city is the center of the radio listening market in Batangas, and is served by local radio stations, as well as some radio stations from Lipa and other parts of the Mega Manila area. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lipa , through the Radyo Bayanihan System, hosts two local radio stations: ALFM 95.9 Radyo Totoo ( DWAL ), a religion , news , talk , and music-oriented station, and 99.1 Spirit FM ( DWAM ),

5546-892: The cityhood and renaming of Batangas in a plebiscite. On June 21, 1969, Republic Act No. 5495 was enacted to convert Batangas into a city, this time using its same name. Later on July 23, Batangas formally became a city by virtue of Proclamation No. 581 that was signed a week earlier. Pedro S. Tolentino became its first city mayor. The succeeding city mayors are Mayor Macario M. Mendoza, 1974–1979; Alfredo M. Borbon, 1979–1980, Conrado C. Berberabe, 1980–1986; Jose M. Atienza, 1986–1987; Mario M. Perez, 1987, Eduardo B. Dimacuha, 1988–1998, Angelito A. Dimacuha, 1998–2001 and again Eduardo B. Dimacuha, 2001–2010, Vilma A. Dimacuha, 2010–2013 and again Eduardo B. Dimacuha, 2013–2016, Beverley Rose A. Dimacuha, 2016–present. Meanwhile, on January 19, 2008, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo opened Phase II project of

5640-630: The coming of the Americans in the early 1900s, local civil government of Batangas was set up. It took effect on July 4, 1901, with Jose Villanueva elected as "Municipal President." His term expired in 1903. Subsequent elections installed the following as municipal presidents: Juan Palacios, 1904–1905; Jose Arguelles, 1906; Marcelo Llana, 1907; Sisenando Ferriols, 1908–1909; Ventura Tolentino, 1910–1914; Julian Rosales, 1915; Juan Gutierrez, 1916–1919; Julian Rosales, 1920–1922; Juan Buenafe, 1923–1930; Perfecto Condez, 1931–1937; Juan Buenafe, 1938–1940. In 1941

5734-701: The common language among Overseas Filipinos , though its use overseas is usually limited to communication between Filipino ethnic groups . The largest concentration of Tagalog speakers outside the Philippines is found in the United States , wherein 2020, the United States Census Bureau reported (based on data collected in 2018) that it was the fourth most-spoken non-English language at home with over 1.7 million speakers, behind Spanish , French , and Chinese (with figures for Cantonese and Mandarin combined). A study based on data from

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5828-402: The early 2000s, a diversion road is built to provide travellers a bypass to the existing highway through the urban centers. Despite the construction of the diversion, traffic bottlenecks remained inside the city. The city government is constructing a bypass road in the east to provide better access to the fast-growing industrial areas in the south of the city. The poblacion of the city features

5922-476: The expansion of Batangas Port, the operation of different heavy industries and the construction of Phase II of the STAR Tollway project and diversion roads, Batangas City has seen a gradual shift from an agricultural economy to a commercial economy and eventually to an industrial economy. The northwest of the city hosts different commercial establishments while the lowland areas surrounding Batangas Bay hosts

6016-563: The first Tagalog dictionary, his Vocabulario de la lengua tagala in Pila, Laguna . The first substantial dictionary of the Tagalog language was written by the Czech Jesuit missionary Pablo Clain in the beginning of the 18th century. Clain spoke Tagalog and used it actively in several of his books. He prepared the dictionary, which he later passed over to Francisco Jansens and José Hernandez. Further compilation of his substantial work

6110-561: The form of Filipino. Tagalog or Filipino is also the predominant language of Cotabato City in Mindanao , making it the only place outside of Luzon with a native Tagalog-speaking or also a Filipino-speaking majority. It is also the main lingua franca in Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao , but especially or more accurately and specifically as, through or in the form of Filipino. According to

6204-706: The heavy industries of the city. However, despite its gradual shift in becoming a major commercial/industrial hub for Calabarzon, it still shares rural landscapes that is still preserved in the north part of the city. The Poblacion area is the major retail and commercial center of the city. It is filled with banks, restaurants, and local businesses. Being a major port city, Batangas has seen an increase in migrants from nearby provinces, islands, and even nation states such as China, India, Indonesia and Malaysia. Agriculture remains an important source of food and income for residents of rural barangays. Residents in rural areas practice subsidence farming, with some of their harvest sold to

6298-606: The inauguration of the Second Republic of the Philippines. Liberation begun when 158th Regimental Combat Team (or 158th RCT) under the command of the US 6th Army reached Poblacion, Batangas City by March 11 during the Philippines Liberation Campaign of 1944–45 . By the end of April the same that year, some elements of the 188th Glider Infantry Regiment of the 11th Airborne Division was left to clear

6392-405: The increasing populations. Large-scale developments are present, mostly of local developers, but major developers like Ayala Land and Vista Land (through Camella) also have presence in the city. PonteFino Corporate Group and PonteFino Estates' The Forum I.T. Business Park is a 4.26-hectare Philippine Economic Zone Authority -certified commercial township in Batangas City. Its PonteFino Hotel

6486-544: The lowland public wet markets. Major crops include coconut, corn, vegetables, and mangoes. Industries in Batangas City are concentrated around Batangas Port, Tabangao and Pinamucan areas, and Sorosoro Karsada. Shell , through its Philippine subsidiary, Pilipinas Shell, owns large refineries in Tabangao, and provides most of the fuel supply sold in Shell gas stations in southern Luzon and Metro Manila. JG Summit Holdings operates

6580-580: The national language in all public and private schools in the country. Article XIV, Section 6 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines specifies, in part: Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system. Under Section 7, however: The regional languages are

6674-411: The older generation in the Philippines feel that the replacement of English by Tagalog in the popular visual media has had dire economic effects regarding the competitiveness of the Philippines in trade and overseas remittances. Upon the issuance of Executive Order No. 134 , Tagalog was declared as basis of the National Language. On April 12, 1940, Executive No. 263 was issued ordering the teaching of

6768-407: The orthographic customs of the Spanish language and were refined over the years. Until the first half of the 20th century, most Philippine languages were widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish orthography. Batangas City Batangas City is classified as one of the fastest urbanizing cities of the Philippines, and is known as the "Industrial Port City of Calabarzon ". It is home to

6862-514: The other and as one of the regional languages of the Philippines, which majority are Austronesian , is one of the auxiliary official languages of the Philippines in the regions and also one of the auxiliary media of instruction therein. Tagalog is closely related to other Philippine languages , such as the Bikol languages , the Bisayan languages , Ilocano , Kapampangan , and Pangasinan , and more distantly to other Austronesian languages, such as

6956-668: The other in an early Spanish attempt at a Latin orthography for the language. Throughout the 333 years of Spanish rule, various grammars and dictionaries were written by Spanish clergymen. In 1610, the Dominican priest Francisco Blancas de San José published the Arte y reglas de la lengua tagala (which was subsequently revised with two editions in 1752 and 1832) in Bataan. In 1613, the Franciscan priest Pedro de San Buenaventura published

7050-509: The primary languages of instruction, with the learner's first language taking on an auxiliary role. After pilot tests in selected schools, the MLE program was implemented nationwide from School Year (SY) 2012–2013. Tagalog is the first language of a quarter of the population of the Philippines (particularly in Central and Southern Luzon) and the second language for the majority. According to

7144-505: The pueblo or municipio was replaced in 1894 by " capital municipal ". It is not clear who succeeded Casilao nor is it known whether there were subsequent appointments of capital municipal. Don Agustin Casilao is sometimes referred to as Agustino or Augustino in some sources. By 1870, its barangays were Balagtas, Bilogo , Bolbok, Bukal, Catandala, Konde, De La Paz, Kumintang Ibaba, Matuko, Mapagong, Paharang Kanluran, Pairang, Pinamucan, Patulo, Sampaga, San Agapito, San Isidro and Talahib. At

7238-432: The rest of the year, with July being the rainiest month, with up to 288 millimeters (11.3 in) of rainfall. Humidity levels are high for most of the year. In the 2020 census, the population of Batangas City was 351,437 people, with a density of 1,200 inhabitants per square kilometer or 3,100 inhabitants per square mile. Poverty incidence of Batangas City Source: Philippine Statistics Authority With

7332-478: The selection of the Tagalog language to be used as the basis for the evolution and adoption of the national language of the Philippines. In 1939, President Quezon renamed the proposed Tagalog-based national language as Wikang Pambansâ (national language). Quezon himself was born and raised in Baler, Aurora , which is a native Tagalog-speaking area. Under the Japanese puppet government during World War II , Tagalog as

7426-414: The selection. The national language issue was revived once more during the 1971 Constitutional Convention . The majority of the delegates were even in favor of scrapping the idea of a "national language" altogether. A compromise solution was worked out—a "universalist" approach to the national language, to be called Filipino rather than Pilipino . The 1973 constitution makes no mention of Tagalog. When

7520-533: The sitio of Malalim"; this territory became a barrio (barangay) in 1954. In the same year, sitio Malitam, formerly part of barrio Libjo, was elevated as a barrio. San Antonio was constituted from the sitios of Ilaya, Labac, Matalisay, Pajo and Cacawan, from the barrio of San Agapito. In 1957, the barrio of Talumpok was divided into two. Sitios Romano, Poyesan, Bondeo and Latag were constituted into Talumpok Silangan, while sitios Ginto, Duhatan, Kulingkang, Piit and Cuaba were constituted into Talumpok Kanluran. Balagtas

7614-617: The southeast. Vehicles can access the municipality coming from those towns by way of large thoroughfares such as the Palico-Balayan-Batangas Road, the Bauan-Mabini Road and Makalintal Avenue. Bauan is 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) from Batangas City and 112 kilometers (70 mi) from Manila . According to the Philippine Statistics Authority , the municipality has a land area of 53.31 square kilometers (20.58 sq mi)   constituting 1.71% of

7708-406: The southernmost part of Batangas, facing Batangas Bay . It is bordered by San Jose to the north, Verde Island Passage to the south, Ibaan , Taysan , and Lobo to the east, and San Pascual to the west. The Calumpang River crosses the city from northeast to southwest. The area west of Calumpang River is generally plains while the eastern area is mostly foothills and mountains. Batangas City

7802-412: The stress or the presence of a final glottal stop. In formal or academic settings, stress placement and the glottal stop are indicated by a diacritic ( tuldík ) above the final vowel. The penultimate primary stress position ( malumay ) is the default stress type and so is left unwritten except in dictionaries. Tagalog, like other Philippines languages today, is written using the Latin alphabet. Prior to

7896-407: The tallest; Mount Durungao. It also has beach resorts with Sampaguita Beach in barangay Sampaguita in the western part of the town considered one of the more notable ones. The town is bounded by the municipality of San Luis to the north, the municipality of San Pascual to the east, and the municipality of Mabini to the south/southwest. It is also bordered by Balayan Bay to the west and Batangas Bay to

7990-665: The title "Municipal President" was changed to "Municipal Mayor." Pedro Berberabe was elected first municipal mayor. Batangas City was severely damaged due to the Japanese A6M Zero bombardment and on December 12, 1941, the Batangas Airport which is located in Barangay Alangilan is totally destroyed. On October 14, 1943, municipal councilor Roman L. Perez was appointed Mayor by the Japanese after

8084-478: The town in 1677. In 1689, Father Nicolas de Rivera helped the town build its third church. In 1690, Father Rivera, with the help of the Taal parish priest Father Simon Martinez, moved the town to the seaside, its present location. However, a typhoon destroyed the church in 1692. A fourth stone church was built from 1695 to 1710. The current church was built in 1762 by Father Jose Victoria and Don Juan Bandino. A fort

8178-430: The turn of 20th century, therefore making the region a melting pot of cultures and languages. Tagalog has 21 phonemes : 16 of them are consonants and 5 are vowels . Native Tagalog words follow CV(C) syllable structure, though complex consonant clusters are permitted in loanwords. Tagalog has five vowels, and four diphthongs. Tagalog originally had three vowel phonemes: /a/ , /i/ , and /u/ . Tagalog

8272-862: The urbanized areas are provided by the Batangas City Water District (BCWD). Rural areas are localized and provided by the Rural Waterworks and Sewage Authority. The city is also locations of two major power plants that supply power to the Luzon grid: Among the higher education institutions in the city is the Batangas State University , Lyceum of the Philippines University–Batangas , University of Batangas , St. Bridget College and STI College . The Department of Education also maintains

8366-532: Was brought to the Chapel of Alitagtag. A golden sun, with a human face, and radiating rays was added, while the devout would cut away pieces of the cross to make talisman replicas. The elders also thought the cross protected the town from pestilence, locusts, drought, volcanic eruptions, and Moro pirates . Today, the traditional folk dance of Bauan, subli , is a religious homage to the Cross of Alitagtag. The dance

8460-436: Was built in 1775 to protect the town from Moro raids. Fr. Jose Vitoria introduced the cultivation of indigo in Bauan while building the present church. This was continued until 1856 during the administrations of Fr. Jose Trevino and Fr. Hipolito Huerta. It was completed under the supervision of Fr. Felipe Bravo in 1881. From there until 1894, final decorations were supervised by Fr. Moises Santos and Fr. Felipe Garcia. The church

8554-488: Was converted into the barrio of Santo Niño, while the sitio of Pook ni Banal in the Barrio of Malaking Pook was converted into the barrio of Pook ni Banal. The next year, sitio Pinagcurusan in barrio Maricaban and sitio Pinagcurusan in barrio Tingloy were constituted into barrio San Jose, while sitio Pirasan in barrio Payapa was constituted into the barrio of San Juan. In 1956 portions of San Andres and Bolo were separated to form

8648-405: Was elected in 1951; his four-year term ended in 1955. People voted Pedro S. Tolentino overwhelmingly as mayor in 1956. He was reelected three times. In 1965, Republic Act No. 4586 was signed by President Diosdado Macapagal , converting Batangas into a city. If successful, it would be renamed as Laurel, after former President Jose P. Laurel , a native of Tanauan . However, the voters rejected

8742-496: Was formerly known as Patay, Kumintang Ilaya as Sambat Ilaya, and Kumintang Ibaba as Sambat Ibaba. Batangas City has a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen climate classification system type Aw/As ), straddling on a bordering tropical monsoon climate ( Köppen climate classification system type Am ) to the east. The city is dry from January to April, with temperatures reaching up to 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) in April, and rainy for

8836-479: Was prepared by P. Juan de Noceda and P. Pedro de Sanlucar and published as Vocabulario de la lengua tagala in Manila in 1754 and then repeatedly reedited, with the last edition being in 2013 in Manila. Among others, Arte de la lengua tagala y manual tagalog para la administración de los Santos Sacramentos (1850) in addition to early studies of the language. The indigenous poet Francisco Balagtas (1788–1862)

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