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33-823: The Black Sea host played a crucial role in the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1797. As a result, Catherine II rewarded them with the Kuban land in the North Caucasus (north of the Kuban River , south of the Yeya River and east of the Sea of Azov ) by her decree of June 30, 1792. At that time the area was inhabited by Nogain steppe nomads . When Russia annexed the Crimean Khanate in 1783 it inherited

66-656: A central Sich , they formed a defence line from the inlet of the Kuban River into the Black Sea to the inlet of the Bolshaya Laba River , and colonised the land north of this line with stanitsas . The Cossacks founded the administrative centre of Yekaterinodar (literally "Catherine's gift") in 1794. At the same time, however, the Black Sea Cossacks also sent men to many major campaigns of

99-843: The Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791) , Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790) and Theatre War . During the Russian-Turkish War of 1787–1792, on 25 September 1789, a detachment of the Imperial Russian Army under Alexander Suvorov and Ivan Gudovich , took Khadjibey and Yeni Dünya for the Russian Empire. In 1794, Odesa replaced Khadjibey by a decree of the Russian Empress Catherine the Great . Russia formally gained possession of

132-692: The Crimean Inspectorate . In civil matters, the office was subordinated to the Governor of Taurida Governorate . Russo-Turkish War (1787%E2%80%931792) 1788 1789 1790 1791 The Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 involved an unsuccessful attempt by the Ottoman Empire to regain lands lost to the Russian Empire in the course of the previous Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) . It took place concomitantly with

165-739: The Crimean People's Republic (1917-1918), while the rest remained in qn undefined status including the city of Sevastopol , which remained the main naval base of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Republic . The mainland counties were declared part of the Ukrainian People's Republic, yet remained under the effective jurisdiction of the Taurida Governorate. On November 20, [ O.S. November 7] 1917

198-539: The Crimean People's Republic on December 13, 1917, which was the first Muslim Democratic state. The Tatar republic covered the peninsular portion of the former governorate, while its northern counties ended up temporarily under jurisdiction of the Yekaterinoslav Governorate . However neither Ukraine nor the Crimea managed to hold on to their territories and were overrun by Bolshevik Red Guards in

231-547: The Free lands of the Don Cossacks . It has natural borders, being surrounded by the waters of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov . The mainland and the peninsular parts of the region differ significantly. The total area of the governorate was 63,538 km (24,532 sq mi) of which the mainland portion consisted of 38,405 km (14,828 sq mi) and is largely black earth steppe land. The population of

264-537: The Khanate of Crimea was annexed from the Ottoman Empire by Catherine the Great ’s Russia . Soon after, Taurida Oblast was established. During the reign of Paul I the oblast was abolished, but in 1802 re-established as a governorate (guberniya). It was a part of the Russian Empire until the Russian Revolution of 1918. Following the 1917 October Revolution , the ethnic Tatar government proclaimed

297-555: The Russian Empire . It included the territory of the Crimean Peninsula and the mainland between the lower Dnieper River with the coasts of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov . It formed after the Taurida Oblast was abolished in 1802 during Paul I's administrative reform of the territories of the former Crimean Khanate , which were annexed by Russia from the Ottoman Empire in 1783. The governorate's centre

330-713: The Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) where they stormed the last remaining Ottoman bastion of the northern Black Sea Coast, the fortress of Anapa , which fell on June 12, 1828. In the course of the Crimean War , the Cossacks foiled attempts by allied forces to land on the Taman Peninsula , whilst the 2nd and 5th plastun battalions took part in the Defence of Sevastopol (1854–1855). As the years went by,

363-633: The Third Universal of the Tsentralna Rada of the Ukrainian People's Republic proclaimed the territory of the Ukrainian Republic as comprising: Volyn Governorate , Kiev Governorate , Podolia Governorate , Chernigov Governorate , Poltava Governorate , Kharkov Governorate , Yekaterinoslav Governorate , Kherson Governorate and Taurida Governorate (not including Crimea ). After occupation of Ukraine by Bolsheviks during

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396-552: The Ukrainian–Soviet War , the Taurida Governorate became finally split between Russian soviet republics of the Donetsk-Krivoi Rog Soviet Republic and Taurida Socialist Republic of Soviets. The Imperial census of 1897 found that the population of the governorate consisted of 1,447,790, with 762,804 male and 684,986 female. In 1897 289,316 people lived in the cities, constituting 19.98% of

429-634: The Black Sea Cossacks and the Azov Cossacks were united into the Kuban Cossack Host , ninety years after the destruction of the Zaporozhian Sich . Upon creation, the territory of the host was governed by the military government. Later, a dedicated military executive office was created, which was headed by the host's ataman . In military matters, this office was subordinated to Kherson 's military governor and, since 1802, to

462-715: The Black Sea Cossacks continued their systematic penetration into the mountainous regions of the Northern Caucasus . Taking an active part in the finale of the Russian conquest of the Northern Caucasus (1817–1864), they settled regions as these were conquered. To aid them, a total of 70,000 additional ex-Zaporozhians from the Bug , Yekaterinoslav , and finally the Azov Cossack Host migrated there in

495-540: The Crimea and give up their holdings near the Black Sea , which Russia saw as a casus belli . Russia declared war on 19 August 1787, and the Ottomans imprisoned the Russian ambassador, Yakov Bulgakov . Ottoman preparations were inadequate and the moment was ill-chosen, as Russia and Austria were now in alliance. The Ottomans mustered forces throughout their domain, and Süleyman Bey from Anatolia went himself to

528-719: The Crimean claim to this land. South of the Kuban were Circassians . Renamed the Black Sea Cossack Host in honor of the victories during the Russo-Turkish War, a total of 25,000 people made the migration in 1792–1794 from Ukraine, settling in the regions north of the Kuban River. Initially, the Black Sea Cossacks adhered to Zaporozhian traditions, such as the democratic election of the host government, but in time they adopted many Russian ways. Instead of

561-834: The Dnieper, fell on 6 December 1788 after a six-month siege by Prince Grigory Potemkin and Suvorov. All civilians in the captured cities were massacred by order of Potemkin. Although suffering a series of defeats against the Russians, the Ottoman Empire found some success against the Austrians, led by Emperor Joseph II, in Serbia and Transylvania. By 1789, the Ottoman Empire was being pressed back in Moldavia by Russian and Austrian forces. To make matters worse, on 1 August

594-614: The Ottoman war effort, brought about a truce between the Ottoman Empire and Austria. Meanwhile, the Russians continued their advance when Suvorov captured the reportedly "impenetrable" Ottoman fortress of Izmail at the entrance of the Danube, in December 1790; this became possible also due to Fyodor Ushakov 's victory at Tendra . A final Ottoman defeat at Machin (9 July 1791), coupled with Russian concerns about Prussia entering

627-558: The Russian Asiatic frontier—the Kuban River —remained unchanged. The Ottoman war goal to reclaim the Crimea had failed, and if not for the French Revolution , the Ottoman Empire's situation could have been much worse. [REDACTED] Media related to Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) at Wikimedia Commons Taurida Governorate Taurida Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit ( guberniya ) of

660-614: The Russian Empire, such as the suppression of the Polish Kościuszko Uprising in 1794 and the ill-fated Persian Expedition of 1796 where nearly half of the Cossacks died from hunger and disease. The Host sent the 9th plastun (infantry) and 1st joint cavalry regiments as well as the first Leib Guards (elite) sotnia to aid the Russian Army during the Patriotic War of 1812 . The new host also participated in

693-584: The Russians under Suvorov attained a victory against the Ottomans led by Osman Pasha at Focsani , followed by a Russian victory at Rymnik (or Rimnik ) on 22 September, and drove them away from near the Râmnicul Sărat river. Suvorov was given the title Count Rymniksky following the battle. The Ottomans suffered more losses when the Austrians, under General Ernst Gideon von Laudon repelled an Ottoman invasion of Croatia , while an Austrian counterattack took Belgrade . A Greek revolt , which further drained

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726-585: The Sanjak of Özi ( Ochakiv Oblast) in 1792 and it became a part of Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty . The Russian Empire retained full control of Crimea , as well as land between the Southern Bug and the Dniester . In May and June 1787, Catherine II of Russia made a triumphal procession through Novorossiya and the annexed Crimea in company with her ally , Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor . These events,

759-412: The far north and east of the peninsula was mostly inhabited by Ukrainians . Major urban centres were Simferopol , Sevastopol , Theodosia , Bakhchisaray , and Yalta in Crimea, and Aleshki, Berdyansk , and Melitopol on the mainland. The governorate comprised three counties ( uyezds ) on the mainland: and five counties and two city authorities ( gradonachalstvo ) on the peninsula: Before 1820

792-463: The front at the head of 4000 soldiers. The Ottoman Empire opened their offensive with an attack on two fortresses near Kinburn , in southern Ukraine. Russian General Alexander Suvorov held off these two Ottoman sea-borne attacks in September and October 1787, thus securing the Crimea. In Moldavia , Russian troops captured the Ottoman cities of Chocim and Jassy . Ochakov , at the mouth of

825-462: The governorate consisted of seven counties, including Tmutarakan county on the Taman Peninsula on the eastern side of the Kerch Strait . The Yalta and Berdyansk counties formed later. From 1804 to 1829 there also existed the gradonachalstvo of Feodosiya; and in 1914 Yalta county became the gradonachalstvo of Yalta. In December 1917 the governorate split, with most of the peninsula forming

858-663: The mid 19th century. All three hosts needed to be removed to vacate space for the colonisation of New Russia , and with the increasing weakness of the Ottoman Empire as well as the formation of independent buffer states in the Balkans, the need for further Cossack defensive presence in New Russia had ended. They migrated to the Kuban in 1860 and merged with the Caucasus Line Cossack Host , which consisted of migrated Don Cossack elements. Finally, in 1864,

891-515: The rumors about Catherine's Greek Plan , and the friction caused by the mutual complaints of infringements of the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca , which had ended the previous war, stirred up public opinion in the Ottoman capital Constantinople , while the British and French ambassadors lent their unconditional support to the Ottoman war party. In 1787, the Ottomans demanded that the Russians evacuate

924-583: The time that he was drunk at the Siege of Ochakov. Persistent rumors about his actions were spread and circulated, and in 1791 he was relocated to Finland. Accordingly, the Treaty of Jassy was signed on 9 January 1792, recognizing Russia's 1783 annexation of the Crimean Khanate . Yedisan ( Odessa and Ochakov) was also ceded to Russia, and the Dniester was made the Russian frontier in Europe, while

957-505: The total population. The ethnicities of the urban population were Russians (49.1%), Tatars (17.16%), and Jews (11.84%), with only 31 people living in cities who chose not to disclose their identity. By the Imperial census of 1897 there were around 1,100,000 Eastern Orthodox followers, just over 30,000 Catholic , around 70,000 Protestant Christians and about the same number of Judaic followers. Only 13% of population were Muslims (known in

990-404: The war, led to a truce agreed upon on 31 July 1791. After the capture of the fortress, Suvorov marched upon Constantinople (present-day Istanbul ), where the Russians hoped they could establish a Christian empire. However, as Prof. Timothy C. Dowling states, the slaughters that were committed in the ensuing period somewhat defiled Suvorov's reputation in many eyes, and there were allegations at

1023-414: The whole region was 1,634,700 in 1906. At that time, the mainland part of the governorate was mostly populated by Ukrainians and a large Russian minority, but had significant ethnic minorities of Germans , Bulgarians , Armenians and Jews , while major ethnic groups of the Crimean peninsula were Crimean Tatars and Russians with German , Greek , Poles , Armenian, and Karaim minorities, while

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1056-742: The winter of 1917-18. Briefly in early 1918 the bolsheviks split the governorate territories between the Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic and the Donetsk-Krivoi Rog Soviet Republic before being overrun by the forces of the Ukrainian People's Republic with military assistance from the German Empire . The governorate bordered Yekaterinoslav Governorate and Kherson Governorate to its north. The Strait of Kerch bordered

1089-475: Was the city of Simferopol . The name of the province was derived from Taurida ( Greek : Ταυρική ), a historical name for Crimea. Today the territory of the governorate is part of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts of Ukraine , which were annexed by Russia after their 2022 invasion , but remain internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. In 1783,

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