Abbevillian (formerly also Chellean ) is a term for the oldest lithic industry found in Europe, dated to between roughly 600,000 and 400,000 years ago.
68-634: The Budhabalanga River (ବୁଢାବଳଙ୍ଗ ନଦୀ) (also called Balanga River) flows through the districts of Mayurbhanj and Balasore in the Indian state of Odisha . The Budhabalanga, meaning old Balanga, rises in the Similipal hills and plunges through Barehipani Falls , the second- highest waterfall in India , located in Simlipal National Park . It then flows in a northerly direction up to
136-514: A Chief Commissioner was appointed to administer the State. However, it was subsequently decided that since Mayurbhanj linguistically and culturally had close links with Odisha, it should merge with that Province. On 16 December 1948, V. P. Menon came to the Baripada and announced the merger of Mayurbhanj with Odisha, which officially effected from 1st January 1949. Through the merging with Odisha
204-458: A dynamic dance form, has gained worldwide recognition. Mayurbhanj District is also associated with Jhumar, a popular traditional folk song that reflects the community's celebrations, marriages, social functions, sorrows, and joys. In Baripada, Lord Jagannath is worshipped as Shri Shri Haribaldev Mahaprabhu, alongside the revered Puri temple. The Haribaldev temple in Baripada, built in 1575 A.D.,
272-427: A means to categorize them into distinct groups for understanding their technical development. Typo-technological analysis suggests the presence of two specific tool types with manufacturing techniques akin to European Abbevilian , Acheulian , and Clactonian industries . The Bhanja family , which ruled Mayurbhanj State, holds a significant place in the district's history. The Bhanjas of Khijjinga mandala governed
340-432: A much revered temple of Maa Ambika, the patron deity of the town. Semi Buddhistic practises involving the worship of Mahayana deities like Tara and Avalokiteshvara under different names are common in villages. A large segment of the tribal population also follows Hinduism with a substantial amount of tribal rites and rituals. The ancestral faith of Santals, Sarna involves nature worship and reverence for sacred groves and
408-456: A number of Deputy Collectors. Various line departments ranging from Agriculture and Education to Health are operate under the Collector's supervision. There are four territorial subdivisions of the district – Sadar (headquartered at Baripada), Kaptipada ( Udala ), Bamanghaty ( Rairangpur ) and Panchpir ( Karanjia ) composing 26 blocks , 382 Gram panchayats and 3945 villages. Each subdivision
476-1299: A part of the Munda languages family and are therefore distinct from the prevalent Indo Aryan languages of Odia, Hindi and Bengali , that are spoken nearby. The Bhumij, on the other hand, have mostly adopted Odia as their language. Other tribes include the Odia-speaking Bathudi , Bhuyan and Gonds , as well as the Sounti and Kharia . As per 1931 census, the district was comprised by 131 different communities, primarily by Santal (28.61%), Ho (Kolha) (12.07%), Bhumij (8.71%), Kudmi Mahato (6.77%), Bathudi (5.19%), Goura (4.39%), Pana Tanti (3.38%), Bhuyan (2.62%), Khandaita (2.23%), Bhanja Purana (2.2%) and other communities like Kamar , Kumbhar , Gond , Kharia , Brahmin , Teli , Saunti , Dhoba , Tanti , Gola , Dom , Bhandari , Karana , Patra , Baisnaba, Ghasi , Sadgop , Mahali , Sabara, Amanta, Sundhi , Pan (Jena Pan), Purana, Keut, Hadi , Dhandachhatra Majhi, Raju , Kshatriya , Ujia, Bagal , Gouria, Rarhi, Oraon , Baisa, Karua, Thatari, Sahara, Kayastha , Rajuar , Munda constitute 20.35% with each community shared by 0.9% to 2.0%. The rest of 3.24%
544-495: A population density of 241 inhabitants per square kilometre (620/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 13.06%. Mayurbhanj has a sex ratio of 1006 females for every 1000 males, much higher than the Indian average of 940 and a literacy rate of 63.17%, slightly lower than the Indian average. 7.66% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 7.33% and 58.72% of
612-623: A proclamation of the Maharaja Pratap Chandra Bhanjdeo on 9th December 1947. The Maharaja formally transferred most of his powers to this body. When Sardar Patel , the then Home Minister, met the rulers of the state with his proposal for merger with India on 14 December 1947, the Maharaja of Mayurbhanj said that he had already granted responsible Government in his State, and hence he could not make any commitment without consulting his Ministers. In view of this and being
680-551: A total of 32 police stations – each headed by an Inspector or Sub Inspector in-charge. While the Superintendent reports on general law and order matters to the District Magistrate, he is almost completely independent in practice as far as the police force is concerned. Each subdivision is further divided into blocks and tahsils. The former are development units headed by a Block Development Officer. Each block
748-479: A tribal state, Patel didn't compel the merger. The premier of state was left out of the discussions. On 17 October 1948, the Maharaja and Chief Minister went to Delhi and the Maharaja signed an Instrument of Merger with stipulations, keeping in mind the mismanagement and social instability of the state. The administration of the State was taken over by the Government of India with effect from 9 November 1948, and
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#1732798811178816-661: Is a tendency to view Abbevillian as an early phase of Acheulian. The Abbevillian type site is on the 150-foot terrace of the River Somme . Tools found there are rough chipped bifacial handaxes made during the Elsterian Stage of the Pleistocene Ice Age, which covered central Europe between 478,000 and 424,000 years ago. The Abbevillian is a phase of Olduwan that occurred in Europe near, but not at,
884-467: Is almost level with a slight slope to the coast. The indigenous vegetation consisted of pure Sal forests which have now been replaced by paddy cultivation. The western plains of Mayurbhanj are an extension of the Odisha Plateau. They are mostly flat with small hills and slopes but are at a higher altitude than the eastern plains, the height rising from north to south. The streams here drain into
952-447: Is also widely practised. Muslims and Christians comprise a tiny minority. The former are almost all migrants from Coastal Odisha except for a sizeable population of Bihari Muslims near the border with Chaibasa . Christians are mostly converts from tribal communities. There is an old Evangelical Church at Baripada and a Roman Catholic church at Krushnachandrapur. Languages of Mayurbhanj district (2011) The Kurmali dialect spoken in
1020-577: Is believed that the native ruling Bhanja dynasty underwent socio-cultural exchange with the Mayura dynasty during their shifting of capital, adopting their name alongside Bhanja and renaming the state to Mayurbhanj. The peacock motif was later embraced by the Bhanjas and featured on the coat of arms of Mayurbhanj. Although the previous name of the territory remains uncertain, it was referred to as Khijjinga mandala and colloquially Bhanjabhumi , signifying
1088-587: Is divided into numerous Gram Panchayats (GPs) for a total of 404 in the district. The GPs and Blocks report to the Project Director, District Rural Development Authority (DRDA), an ADM rank officer. The Collector is the CEO of DRDA and thus exercises direct control over its functioning. The tahsils on the other hand are revenue subdivisions with the Tahsildar also being an Executive Magistrate and reporting to
1156-660: Is headed by a Sub Collector cum Sub Divisional Magistrate who reports to the Collector. Except for the Sadar Sub Collector, who is often an IAS officer, the other Sub Collectors and ADMs belong to the Odisha Administrative Service. The police force is headed by a Superintendent of Police belonging to the Indian Police Service who is assisted by Additional SPs at headquarters and SDPOs at subdivisional headquarters. There are
1224-652: Is made of laterite stone with intricate designs. It features Vimana, Jagamohan, and Nata Mandira structures and is surrounded by a boundary wall. The temple is well-preserved and hosts the annual Car festival, during which the three deities are brought to the Radhamohan Temple (Mausimaa Mandir) for a two-day event. The Baripada Car festival involves women exclusively in pulling Maa Subhadra's chariot. Mayurbhanj Chhau dance , which has gained global recognition, such as UNESCO cultural heritage for its artistry and vigor. It draws inspiration from various sources, including
1292-649: Is organised in a circular manner owing to the presence of the Simlipal Hills and forest in the centre of the district, which were first constructed in the early 20th century by the rulers of the state. National Highway 18 takes off from the Kolkata - Chennai highway near Simulia in Balasore. It shortly thereafter enters the district and passes the major villages of Baisinga, Betnoti and Krushnachandrapur before crossing Baripada and Jharpokharia. It finally exits
1360-550: Is still used, but it is now restricted to Europe. The label, however, continues to lose popularity as a scientific designation. Mortillet had portrayed his traditions as chronologically sequential. In the Abbevillian, early Palaeolithic hominins used cores; in the Acheulian, flakes. Olduwan tools, however, indicate that in the earliest Palaeolithic, the distinction between flake and core is less clear. Consequently, there also
1428-512: Is the presence of many communities that originally hailed from West Bengal but have completely integrated with the Odia population in the last two centuries. The Odias are especially dominant in the Kaptipada subdivision and in the adjoining blocks of Sadar. Odia Scheduled Castes make up 7.32% of the population and belong to a wide variety of groups, with no one community dominating. Tribals are
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#17327988111781496-529: The Baitarani River in Kendujhar or flow into Jharkhand to the north. There are still isolated open forests to be seen, but paddy is the most common cultivated crop. The Budhabalanga is the main river of Mayurbhanj. It arises in the Simlipal Hills and forms the waterfall at Barehipani in a northward course. It then turns to the south east and flows between steep banks and sandbars. Both Baripada and
1564-612: The Bay of Bengal . The Budhabalanga is about 175 kilometres (109 mi) long and has a total catchment area of 4,840 square kilometres (1,870 sq mi). Its major tributaries are the Sone, the Gangadhar, and the Katra. 21°28′10″N 87°03′57″E / 21.4695°N 87.0657°E / 21.4695; 87.0657 Mayurbhanj district Mayurbhanj district is one of
1632-929: The Burhabalanga River and its tributaries. The presence of a consistent water source not only supported early human inhabitants but also attracted wildlife from the Similipal forest , facilitating the hunting of smaller animals from the safety of caves. The region's thin forest cover provided edible roots and fruits. Initially, the tools used by these early settlers were quite basic, resembling split pebbles with minimal flaking, similar to those found in Paleolithic industries in Africa. These tools evolved over time to include handaxes , cleavers , scrapers , knives , rostrocarinates, and points, varying in complexity, shape, and size. Stratigraphy does not provide
1700-558: The Monsoon . The Simlipal Hills influence the weather substantially and exhibit higher rainfall and lower maximum temperatures than the rest of the district. The average annual rainfall is around 164 cm (65 in). Summer temperatures in Baripada can occasionally cross 45-degree Celsius but thunderstorms in the evening are common which have a moderating influence. Minimum temperature in winter can go down to 8 degrees. Fog occurs occasionally during winters. The road network of Mayurbhanj
1768-479: The Scheduled Tribes , 61.5% speak Austroasiatic languages, 34.3% speak Indo-European languages, 0.3% speak Dravidian languages, and 3.9% speak other unrecognized languages. A large segment of the tribal population is fluent in Odia in addition to their native language. The Mayurbhanj dialect is almost the same as that of Coastal Odisha though certain tribal words for everyday objects are used, especially in
1836-664: The land of Bhanja . In popular culture, it is commonly termed Mayura (peacock in Odia), with Bhanja as the reigning dynasty. The name of Mayurbhanj state is noted as Mohurbunge , Morebunge , and Morbhanj in many British India records. The archaeological findings suggest that human settlements in the Mayurbhanj district date back to the Lower Paleolithic era of the Stone Age . These settlements thrived alongside
1904-453: The 19th century, only two zamindaris, Bamanghati and Kaptipada , had merged with the state. Thereafter, there were no further changes to the territorial boundaries. In 1912, the Mayurbhanj state became part of the Bihar and Orissa Province of British India as a feudatory state. In 1936, with the partition of the province, it became a part of Orissa Province . The state was modernised during
1972-568: The 30 districts in the Odisha state of eastern India. It holds the distinction of being the largest district in Odisha by area. The district's headquarters is located in Baripada , with other major towns including Rairangpur , Karanjia , and Bahalda . As of 2011 , Mayurbhanj ranks as the third-most populous district in Odisha, following Ganjam and Cuttack . The district owes its name to two medieval ruling dynasties, Mayura and Bhanja . It
2040-508: The Kudumi Mahato in the border areas of Jharkhand and West Bengal. Where they have significant population. Other tribal languages include Ho and Bhumij (sometimes regarded as a Mundari dialect). Lodha is spoken by several thousand people. Mayurbhanj District in Odisha is known for its rich cultural heritage and vibrant traditions. The district celebrates two prominent festivals, Makar Parva and Karama Parva. The famous Chhau dance,
2108-600: The Maharaja enjoyed a salute of 9 guns. Following India's independence on 15 August 1947, the State of Mayurbhanj became an independent unit and soon after, a State Legislative Assembly was formed with cabinet ministers ( praja mandal ). These ministers included Chief Minister Sarat Chandra Das (Minister of Home, Finance, Audit, Planning and Reconstruction), M. Mahapatra (Minister of Revenue, Law, Health & Local Government), and M. Nayak (Minister of Development, Education, Supply, Transport, Public Works, Commerce, and Labour) by
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2176-604: The Maharaja of Mayurbhanj, is located at Rajabasa near Baripada. However, the nearest Kalaikunda Air Force Station , located in Kharagpur , is used for official purposes. The district is headed by the Collector and District magistrate , usually an officer of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) who oversees development, revenue collection and maintenance of law and order. He is assisted at headquarters by two Additional District Magistrates (ADM) and
2244-566: The Maratha Empire , the state lost all its territories along the coast as well as the Nilgiri State . The loss of the sea ports along the Balasore coast severely affected the state finances. It was around this time that the capital was shifted to Baripada . The river Subarnarekha served as the natural border between Mughal-controlled Bengal and Maratha-controlled Odisha after a number of conflicts between 1742 and 1751. In 1803,
2312-505: The Mayurbhanj state, stretching up to the Porahat estate , retained its independence during both Mughal and Maratha invasions. It was primarily inhabited by the Ho ( Larka Kol, the fighting Ho), a significant aboriginal group, who asserted their dominance over the indigenous Bhuiyan tribe during the settlement period. Though the state had de jure rights over that territory, de facto control
2380-534: The Park. Three other Divisional Forest Officers are in charge of the forests outside the National Park area. The Judiciary is headed by a District and Sessions Judge who exercises both criminal and civil jurisdiction. He also enjoys revisionary powers over certain orders of the District Magistrate and Sub Divisional Magistrates. He is assisted on the civil side by Civil Judges of senior and junior divisions and on
2448-534: The Ramayana, the Mahabharata, folk traditions, and tribal elements. Jhumar , a popular traditional folk song and dance form. Jhumar is performed on various occasions, such as weddings, festivals, and social functions. It features lively music, rhythmic beats, and energetic dance movements. The songs depict themes of love, romance, and everyday life experiences. Jhumar serves as a cultural expression, preserving
2516-540: The School of Anthropology in Paris , published (1882) " Le Prehistorique, antiquité de l'homme ", in which he was the first to characterize periods by the name of a site. Chellean included artifacts discovered at the town of Chelles , a suburb of Paris. They are similar to those found at Abbeville. Later anthropologists substituted Abbevillian for Chellean, the latter of which is no longer in use. Abbevillian tool users were
2584-553: The Sub Collector. He is assisted by a number of Revenue Inspectors and Amins. The district has a total of 26 blocks and tahsils, the highest in Odisha. The Simlipal National Park, while formally a part of the four subdivisions noted above, is in practice under a Field Director belonging to the Indian Forest Service (IFS). The Deputy Director, also an IFS officer, is responsible for the day-to-day operations of
2652-444: The ancient capital of Haripur are located along its banks. The river receives two small tributaries before entering the Bay of Bengal beyond Balasore . Other important minor rivers are Deo, Sone, Gangahar and Salandi. Floods are uncommon except during exceptional rainfall in the hills owing to the seasonal nature of the streams and their steep banks. The climate of Mayurbhanj is sub tropical marked by high humidity and rainfall during
2720-493: The center, while Meshasani stands at a height of 3,824 feet to the south. Additionally, there are numerous other peaks exceeding 2,500 feet. The northwestern parts of these foothills have been mined for iron ore for more than a century. The country to the east of Simlipal is an extension of the Odisha coastal plains and is drained by the Subarnarekha River and Budhabalanga River along with their tributaries. The land
2788-479: The criminal side by Chief Judicial Magistrate and Sub Divisional Judicial Magistrates. According to the 2011 census Mayurbhanj district has a population of 2,519,738, roughly equal to the nation of Kuwait or the US state of Nevada . This gives it a ranking of 171st in India (out of a total of 640 ). The state also held the 3rd rank in India in terms of the number of villages, with 3,950 villages. The district has
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2856-639: The date back into the Günz, closer to the 700,000 ya mark. The Abbevillian culture bearers are not believed to have evolved in Europe, but to have entered it from further east. It was thus preceded by the earlier Olduwan of Homo erectus, and the Upper Acheulian , of which Clactonian and Tayacian are considered phases, supplanted it. The Acheulian there went on into the Levalloisian and Mousterian are associated with Neanderthal man. To avoid
2924-469: The district at Jamsola to enter East Singhbhum district for a total length of 86 km (53 mi). National Highway 49 also enters the district at Jamsola. It then crosses Bangriposi and Jashipur before entering Kendujhar district. This is the main highway connecting Kolkata with Mumbai and therefore sees heavy traffic throughout the year. National Highway 220 covers the stretch from Karanjia to Tiring passing through Jashipur and Rairangpur on
2992-553: The district has been replaced by the Manbhumi dialect of Bengali. At the time of the 2011 Census of India , 54.33% of the population in the district spoke Odia , 24.81% Santali , 7.58% Ho , 3.92% Mundari , 2.77% Kurmali and 1.34% Bengali as their first language. According to linguistic group, 60.6% of the population speaks Indo-European languages , 36.7% speaks Austroasiatic languages , 0.2% speaks Dravidian languages , and 2.5% speaks other unrecognized languages. Among
3060-793: The end of the Lower Palaeolithic (2.5 mya. – 2,500,000 years ago). Those who adopt the Abbevillian scheme refer to it as the middle Acheulian, about 600,000-500,000 years ago. Geologically it occurred in the Middle Pleistocene , younger than about 700,000 years ago. It spanned the Günz-Mindel interglacial period between the Günz and the Mindel , but more recent finds of the East Anglian Palaeolithic push
3128-554: The establishment of Jamshedpur and Tata Steel just outside the state borders. In a notable judgement during his reign, the Calcutta High Court held that the Mayurbhanj State as well as all other feudatory states of Odisha were practically not parts of British India , thus elevating them to the status of full princely states. Mayurbhanj was the largest and most populous of all princely states in Odisha and
3196-554: The first archaic humans in Europe, classified as either late Homo erectus as Homo antecessor or as Homo heidelbergensis . The label Abbevillian prevailed until the Leakey family discovered older (yet similar) artifacts at Olduvai Gorge (a.k.a. Oldupai Gorge), starting in 1959, and promoted the African origin of man. Olduwan (or Oldowan ) soon replaced Abbevillian in describing African and Asian paleoliths. The term Abbevillian
3264-502: The folk traditions and heritage of the region. The following are the nine Vidhan sabha constituencies of Mayurbhanj district. Abbevillian The original artifacts were collected from road construction sites on the Somme river near Abbeville by a French customs officer, Boucher de Perthes . He published his findings in 1836. Subsequently, Louis Laurent Gabriel de Mortillet (1821–1898), professor of prehistoric anthropology at
3332-574: The largest group forming 58.72% of the population. The Santal people are the largest tribe and are the second-largest group in the district as a whole. Increasingly, the Santals settled in Mayurbhanj acquired some degree of fluency in Odia while continuing to speak Santali among themselves. The Ho people form the second largest tribal group followed by the Bhumij . All three tribes speak languages that are
3400-590: The mid-19th century, further territorial concessions were made to the British when large parts of Bamanghati area, such as Thai, Bharbharia, Anla, Lalgarh, Khuchung (now in Saraikela Kharsawan district ), and Haladipokhari (now in East Singhbhum district ) were handed over to the British administrated Singhbhum district as a consequence of persistent Kol uprisings . However, by the end of
3468-405: The north by Seraikela Kharsawan district of Jharkhand , West Singhbhum district of Jharkhand on the west, Kendujhar district on the southwest and Balasore district on the southeast. Mayurbhanj's geography is defined by the Simlipal National Park located in the centre of the district. Covering more than a fourth of the district's area, these forests surround the Simlipal Hills, which form
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#17327988111783536-679: The other terminates at Gorumahisani . The total length of these lines is about 63 km (39 mi) and they are used exclusively to ferry iron ore from the mines at the above locations. Both these routes fall under the South Eastern Railway . Mayurbhanj has no active airports, although RAF Amarda Road was a major base for the Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Forces during World War II . Another abandoned airfield, once used by
3604-491: The population respectively. The bulk of the population is concentrated in the Sadar and Kaptipada subdivisions which border the fertile coastal Odisha plains and are part of an extensive rice growing region. Bamanghat also has a large population engaged in agriculture and industry. The Odia people form the largest population segment. Their castes are the same as that of the neighbouring district of Balasore. A distinctive feature
3672-414: The question of what culture name should be used to describe European artifacts, some, such as Schick and Toth, refer to "non-handaxe" and "handaxe" sites. Handaxes came into use at about the 500,000 ya mark. Non-handaxe sites are often the same sites as handaxe sites, the difference being one of time, or, if geographically different, have no discernible spatial pattern. The physical evidence is summarized in
3740-408: The short reign of Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanj Deo in the early 20th century, a legacy continued by his succeeding rulers Purna Chandra Bhanj Deo and Pratap Chandra Bhanj Deo till the merger of the state with Odisha. The railway, primary education, municipal governance and healthcare were all introduced around this time. He also allowed the Jamsetji Tata to mine iron ore at Gorumahisani leading to
3808-521: The state submitted to the British who had conquered coastal Odisha and the state was recognised as a feudatory state – a position midway between a princely state and a Zamindari . At that time, the state lost many zamindaris, including two northeastern bordering territories: Gopiballavpur and Nayagram . However, the state remained semi-independent and acted as a buffer state between Maratha and British rule by maintaining friendly relations with British authorities. The left-out westernmost territory of
3876-499: The state, including Bhanjbhum, Mantri, Hariharapur , Dewalia, Purunia, Karkachua, Bamanghati, and Sarhonda. The state also held sway over several surrounding Zamindari Estates , including Nilgiri , Porahat , Saraikela , Kharsawan , Barabhum , Patharhai, Narsinhpur, Dipa Kiarchand, Jhamirapal, Jamkunda, Chargarh, Talmunda, Tamar , and Birkul during the early period of Mughal rule . All of these territories encompassed present-day Kendujhar , Balasore , Singhbhum , and large parts of
3944-513: The territory as Mayurbhanj State , while the other moved it to Kendujhargarh and named it Keonjhar State after Delhi Sultanate Feroz Shah Tughlaq plundered the kingdom during his invasion of Odisha in 1361 CE, when he marched through Manbhum, Singhbhum, and Mayurbhanj. In 1508, the state came under Mughal rule . During Mughal conquest from 1592 to 1751, Mayurbhanj was an extensive domain that comprised 12 Zamindari , 42 kila in total, and, according to Raja Man Singh , 18 forts within
4012-412: The undivided Midnapore districts . Raja Krushna Chandra Bhanja took advantage of the disturbed conditions around the last years of Shah Jahan and enlarged his territory to the coast of the Bay of Bengal, covering the area from Jaleswar to Bhadrak . He was however defeated and executed by Khan-e-Dauran, the general of Emperor Aurangzeb . In 1751, it came under Maratha rule . During the expansion of
4080-435: The village Karanjiapal in Bangiriposi police-station. Thereafter, it turns to the north-east and flows along the railway track up to the village Jhankapahadi. There it changes its course to the south and meets the Katra nala. The other tributaries are the Palpala and the Chipat both of which are hill streams rising from the Similipal hills. Then the river passes through Baripada . It later flows through Balasore district and into
4148-415: The villages. The native language of Santali is largely used in its spoken form, Odia or Hindi being preferred for writing. The Ol Chiki script is rarely seen and the Odia script is used to write other tribal languages as well. Bengali is used in the parts of Sadar subdivision that adjoin Jhargram district, although there is significant Odia admixture. Kudmali is another important language, primarily spoken by
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#17327988111784216-599: The watershed for the district dividing the district into distinct east and west regions. Elevations in the eastern region include Udala (52.73 feet), Baripada (48.76 feet), Betnoti (43.89 feet), Haripur Garh (21.64 feet), Muruda (19.50 feet), and Amarda (18.28 feet). On the western side, elevations are observed in Bidubhandar Ghati (487.98 feet), Jashipur (405.68 feet), Raruan (371.24 feet), Karanjia (370.94 feet), Khiching (362.71 feet), Rairangpur (262.43 feet), and Bangiriposi (122.83 feet). The hills attain their highest elevation at Khairiburu, reaching 3,865 feet at
4284-498: The way. Odisha state highway 19 is another important state highways link the district headquarter Baripada from Jaleswar , Udala and Gopiballavpur I of West Bengal. The Mayurbhanj State Railway was a 2 ft 6 in ( 762 mm ) narrow gauge line funded by the Mayurbhanj State that connected Talbandh in the Simlipal Hills to Rupsa on the Bengal Nagpur Railway mainline, mainly to carry timber. The major stations en route were Bangriposi and Baripada. The line
4352-459: The western region of the present-day Mayurbhanj district, including parts of Kendujhar and West Singhbhum districts , with their headquarters at Khiching after the fall of the Buddhist Bhauma-Kara dynasty . The progenitor of present-day Bhanjas of Khijjinga mandala divided the territory into two segments, each led by one ruler, effectively forming two full-fledged states. One relocated the capital from Khiching to Haripur and subsequently renamed
4420-407: Was held by the Porahat estate due to geography and demographic nature, especially after the relocation of the state capital from Khiching to Haripur. In 1820, the Porahat estate acknowledged British authority, eventually leading to the gradual annexation of these left-out independent areas into the British-administered Singhbhum district following a series of conflicts between Kol and British army. In
4488-484: Was not peaceful. The Non-Odia inhabitants, primarily the Santhals, headed by Sunaram Soren proposed that the state either remain as a Union territory of India or merge with Jharkhand , then proposed state of Bihar . Mayurbhanj is land-locked with a geographical area of 10,418 km (4,022 sq mi) and lies in the north east corner of the state. It is bordered on the northeast by Jhargram district of West Bengal and East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, to
4556-417: Was shared by minority communities whose population below 1,000 in the district. According to the 2011 Census 83.86% people are Hindus, 1.34% are Muslims, 0.60% are Christians, 0.03% are Sikhs and Jains while Adivasi faiths comprise the rest. Hinduism in its usual form is practised by the Odia people. Baripada is an important religious centre, having one of the oldest Jagannath temples in the state as well as
4624-413: Was shut down in 2002 and reopened after conversion to broad gauge in 2007. The Talbandh-Bangriposi stretch has been abandoned for many years now and the line terminates at the latter station. The total length within the district is 83 km (52 mi). Another electrified broad-gauge line from Jamshedpur enters the district at Bahalda before splitting at Aunlajhori. One branch goes to Badampahar while
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