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67-756: The Burns Paiute Tribe of the Burns Paiute Indian Colony of Oregon is a federally recognized tribe of Northern Paiute Native Americans in Harney County , Oregon , United States. Members of the tribe are primarily descendants of the Wadatika band of Northern Paiutes, who were hunter-gatherers traditionally living in Central and Southern Oregon . The Wadatika lived from the Cascade Mountains to Boise, Idaho , and from

134-531: A chair, vice-chair, secretary, sergeant at arms, and three members at large. There is a tribal police force and tribal court, consisting of a tribal judge and associate judge. According to the Oregon Blue Book , the tribe employs 54 people. Tribal employees are organized into nine departments, each dealing with a particular area, such as health, education, the environment and energy, cultural preservation and enhancement, and law enforcement. In 2009,

201-649: A consulate office ; mail-in ballots are an option for Filipinos in select countries. Local absentee voting as pursuant to Republic Act No. 7166 and Executive Order No. 157 is only available for members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines , Philippine National Police , and government personnel on duty on election day. The absentee voting in both overseas and local is still manual vote counting system . Recently, absentee voting in Hong Kong and Singapore

268-568: A community or body of people within range of this power by arbitrarily calling them an Indian tribe, but only that in respect of distinctly Indian communities the questions whether, to what extent, and for what time they shall be recognized and dealt with as dependent tribes" (at 46). Federal tribal recognition grants to tribes the right to certain benefits, and is largely administered by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). While trying to determine which groups were eligible for federal recognition in

335-399: A double envelope with identifying information and counted directly by the elections committee only after verifying that the voter has not voted at his or her official polling station. Most absentee ballots are cast the day of the elections in alternate polling stations. Early voting is limited to civil servants overseas. There is no postal voting. Since 2001 Italian citizens living abroad have

402-525: A further act in 1896 gave postal votes to any elector who would be more than 15 miles (24 km) from home on election day, as well as for any woman unable to travel "by reason of her health". Victoria passed a similar law in 1899, and the first federal postal voting legislation was also modelled on the 1896 South Australian act. Postal voting at a federal level is governed by the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 and administered by

469-406: A gift shop, conference facilities, an RV park, and other amenities. The tribe closed the casino on November 26, 2012, due to safety concerns stemming from structural problems with the building. 43°36′15″N 119°04′12″W  /  43.604138°N 119.069996°W  / 43.604138; -119.069996  ( Burns Paiute Indian Colony ) Federally recognized tribes This

536-693: A historical tribe. Tribes seeking recognition must submit detailed petitions to the BIA's Office of Federal Acknowledgment. To be formally recognized as an Indian tribe, the US Congress can legislate recognition or a tribe can meet the seven criteria outlined by the Office of Federal Acknowledgment. These seven criteria are summarized as: The federal acknowledgment process can take years, even decades; delays of 12 to 14 years have occurred. The Shinnecock Indian Nation formally petitioned for recognition in 1978 and

603-469: A particular district, province or state), some countries provide a mechanism by which voters can nevertheless cast their ballots on election day at a different polling station. The reasons for allocating voters to specific polling stations are generally logistical. Absentee voting at a different polling station might be catered for by, for example, designating some larger polling stations as available for absentee voting, and equipping such polling stations with

670-427: A postal ballot by default. In some elections postal voting is the only voting method allowed and is referred to as all-postal voting. Typically, postal votes must be mailed back on or before the scheduled election day . However, in some jurisdictions return methods may allow for dropping off the ballot in person via secure drop boxes or at voting centers. Electoral laws typically allow for the integrity and secrecy of

737-479: A postal vote application (PVA) prior to each election, or apply for status as a "general postal voter" and receive a postal ballot automatically. Postal voters receive their ballot(s) and a prepaid envelope containing their name and address, as well as a predetermined security question from the PVA. Voters are required to sign the envelope and provide the correct answer to the security question. They are also required to have

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804-839: A postal vote at a post office. The application must be submitted personally or through a representative in case of illness or disability certified by a medical certificate. Swiss federal law allows postal voting in all federal elections and referendums, and all cantons also allow it for cantonal ballot issues. All voters receive their personal ballot by mail and may either cast it at a polling station or mail it back. As of 2019, approximately 90% of Swiss voters cast ballots using Remote Postal Voting. In Switzerland, starting in 2004, 15 cantons conducted electronic voting pilot programs. In three cantons, Swiss voters resident abroad voted electronically; Geneva Canton , Canton of Neuchâtel , and Basel-Stadt . The programs were closed in June and July 2019, and

871-606: A postal vote. Critics suggest that this is only a temporary impact, and that there are dangers in people using ballot papers intended for other electors. It has been tested by a large number of local authorities in the United Kingdom for their elections, and in 2004 it was used for elections to the European Parliament and local authorities in four of the English regions (see below for more details). In 2016,

938-533: A provision in the 1997 constitution . The absentee ballot can be cast within Thailand and in foreign countries, where Thailand has diplomatic missions. Voters can cast the absentee ballot in 2 cases: (1) those who have their household registration in their constituency but will not be at their constituency on the election day, and wish to cast their vote in advance; and (2) those who physically reside in other locations out of their constituency at least 90 days prior to

1005-548: A voting day. At the 2016 Australian federal election , there were 1.2 million postal votes cast, amounting to 8.5 percent of total votes. Postal voting in Australia was introduced for federal elections in 1902, and first used at the 1903 election . It was abolished by the Fisher government in 1910, following claims that it was open to abuse and biased towards rural voters. The Cook government 's bill to restore postal voting

1072-406: A witness sign and date the envelope. As of 2016, postal votes were able to be received and entered into the count up to 13 days after election day. Following the 2016 election, it was observed that the strict scrutiny process afforded to postal votes was a "significant contributor" to delays in declaring the results of close elections. Austria enabled postal voting in 2007 by amending Article 26 of

1139-504: A year for deliberation and voting on matters of importance. The General Council also nominates and elects a seven-person tribal council to handle the day-to-day affairs of the tribe. The tribal council meets several times a month, and council members serve three-year terms. (The tribal council was created by an amendment to the Constitution and Bylaws in 1988; the council replaced a five-member business council). The council consists of

1206-634: Is a list of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States . There are also federally recognized Alaska Native tribes . As of January 8, 2024 , 574 Indian tribes were legally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of the United States. Of these, 228 are located in Alaska and 109 are located in California. 346 of the 574 federally recognized tribes are located in

1273-616: Is a piece of paper with the person's details and the local government's stamp. The person can vote with AVC at every polling station countrywide and worldwide (in Polish embassies and consulates; the polling stations abroad are created by the Minister of Foreign Affairs before every elections). An AVC is issued only for President of Poland elections, parliamentary elections and elections to the European Parliament (in that case,

1340-528: Is associated with a PINs unique to each voter: "all Estonians are issued a government ID with a scannable chip and a PIN number that gives them a unique online identity — they can use this identity to file their taxes or pay library fines or buy bus passes." The security of the Estonian I-voting system remains a matter of debate . Finland introduced vote by post in 2019, but only for the eligible voters living permanently abroad or staying abroad at

1407-669: Is done only through the Electronically Transmitted Postal Ballot Papers (ETPB) system of the Election Commission of India , where ballot papers are distributed to the registered eligible voters and they return the votes by post. When the counting of votes commences, these postal votes are counted first before the counting of votes from the electronic voting machines of all other voters. The Communist Party of India (Marxist) has alleged that postal ballots "will adversely effect

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1474-568: Is not uncommon for people to nominate an official of their chosen party as their proxy. Security experts have found security problems in every attempt at online voting, including systems in Australia, Estonia Switzerland, Russia, and the United States. More information is in the sections for each country below . Online voting is widely used privately for shareholder votes. The election management companies do not promise accuracy or privacy. In fact one company uses an individual's past votes for research, and to target ads. In Australia

1541-736: Is part of the Western Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family. Traditionally, the Paiutes used willow , sagebrush , tule plant and Indian hemp to make baskets as well as sandals, fishing nets , and traps. They also made beads and drums, activities which are still continued today. Tribal members have taken part in an oral history project to gather memories of tribal elders. The tribe celebrates an Annual Mother's Day Powwow. The tribe also celebrates its Reservation Day Festival and Powwow on October 13 each year, in honor of

1608-529: Is possible both in country and abroad, but proxy voting is possible only in Poland. The proxy must be registered at the same local voters' register as a voter. The mail with the voter's ballot in postal voting is free of charge in Poland, but voter resides abroad must pay to send his ballot to the appropriate consulate. In Spain, for European, regional and municipal elections, voters who will be absent from their town on election day or are ill or disabled, may request

1675-446: Is the form of postal voting where all electors receive their ballot papers through the post, not just those who requested an absentee ballot. Depending on the system applied, electors may have to return their ballot papers by post, or there may be an opportunity to deliver them by hand to a specified location. There is some evidence that this method of voting leads to higher turnout than one where people vote in person or have to apply for

1742-443: Is uncommon, but Russia has been reported to use absentee voting for vote monitoring enabling voter intimidation . While postal voting has a greater risk of fraud than in-person voting, on an absolute level cases of known fraud are extremely rare. Among countries where voters are allocated to one or several specific polling station(s) (such as the polling station closest to the voter's residential address, or polling stations within

1809-496: Is used by the BIA to publish the list of "Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs". Tribes in the contiguous 48 states and those in Alaska are listed separately. Absentee ballot In the electoral terminology of some countries, such as Australia , "absentee voting" means specifically a vote cast at a different polling station to one to which

1876-407: The 2008 elections , before 14,000 postal votes came in awarding the incumbent BN parliamentarian the seat with a majority of 8,000 votes. In Malaysia, only teachers, military personnel, and policemen based away from their constituencies are eligible to submit postal votes. In Mexico, since the 2006 federal elections, postal voting for people living abroad has been permitted. A request can be made to

1943-510: The Australian Electoral Commission (AEC). Postal votes are available to those who will be absent from their electoral division through travel, or who those are unable to attend a polling booth due to illness, infirmity, "approaching childbirth", caring responsibilities, reasonable fears for their safety, religious beliefs, imprisonment, status as a silent elector, or employment reasons. Eligible voters may make

2010-508: The Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey was conducted via all-postal voting with a turnout of 79.5 percent. To cast a proxy vote, the user appoints someone as their proxy , by authorizing them to cast or secure their vote in their stead. The proxy must be trusted by the voter, as in a secret ballot there is no way of verifying that they voted for the correct candidate. In an attempt to solve this, it

2077-531: The Blue Mountains to Steens Mountain . The Burns Paiute formed when homeless Northern Paiutes gathered in Burns, Oregon and the surrounding region, which was allotted to the tribe in 1897. Wadadökadö or Wadatika (Waadadikady) : "Wada Root and Grass-seed Eaters", also known as Harney Valley Paiute , they controlled about 52,500 square miles (136,000 km) along the shores of Malheur Lake , between

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2144-680: The Burns Paiute Indian Colony , located north of the city of Burns . The tribe's reservation, split into two tracts, was established by Public Law 92-488 on October 13, 1972. In 1935, an additional 760.32 acres (3.0769 km) acres was purchased for the tribe under Section 208 of the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933; this land lies northwest of the City of Burns. In 1985, there were 223 tribal members. In 1990, 151 tribal members lived on

2211-1121: The Cascade Range in central Oregon and the Payette Valley north of Boise, Idaho, as well as in the southern parts of the Blue Mountains in the vicinity of the headwaters of the Powder River , north of the John Day River , southward to the desertlike surroundings of Steens Mountain . They are federally recognized as part of the Burns Paiute Tribe and part of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs . The tribe received federal recognition in 1968. Hunipuitöka or Walpapi : "Hunipui-Root-Eaters", often called Snake Indians , they lived along Deschutes River, Crooked River and John Day River in Central Oregon. They are federally recognized as part of

2278-465: The Constitution of Austria . Electors request an electoral card that can be completed in person or in private and sent via post. In the 2017 election, roughly 780,000 postal ballots were cast representing 15% of all ballots. The ability to vote when in-person voting is not possible was first introduced with the federal Military Voters Act in 1917, giving all Canadian soldiers and their spouses

2345-636: The Department of the Interior explains, "federally recognized tribes are recognized as possessing certain inherent rights of self-government (i.e., tribal sovereignty)...." The constitution grants to the U.S. Congress the right to interact with tribes. More specifically, the Supreme Court of the United States in United States v. Sandoval warned, "it is not... that Congress may bring

2412-708: The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975 , which legitimized tribal entities by partially restoring Native American self-determination . Following the decisions made by the Indian Claims Commission in the 1950s, the BIA in 1978 published final rules with procedures that groups had to meet to secure federal tribal acknowledgment. There are seven criteria. Four have proven troublesome for most groups to prove: long-standing historical community, outside identification as Indians, political authority, and descent from

2479-632: The National Electoral Institute which then sends the ballots outside the country. In the Netherlands , liberalised proxy voting is available. Voters can authorise someone else to cast their ballot without having to go through a registration procedure. Voters can cast a maximum of 2 proxy votes along with their own ballot. Postal ballots and Internet voting are only available to Dutch citizens living abroad, or having occupational duties abroad on election day. Electronic voting

2546-707: The Wayback Machine are being developed to help citizens, both domestic and abroad, more easily apply for postal voting. Hungarian citizens living abroad who do not have an official address in Hungary are allowed to vote by mail. They are only allowed to vote for party lists, but not for local representatives. In the last parliamentary election in 2018 , 267,233 votes (4.6% of all votes) were submitted via mail. 48% of all valid postal votes were submitted from Romania . Only certain categories of people are eligible to register as postal voters. The Representation of

2613-795: The vocational panels , both of which have restricted franchises. Otherwise, postal voting is only available in a restricted set of circumstances. The Irish constitution requires a secret ballot and the courts have interpreted this quite narrowly. Postal votes are available to people who by reason of their occupation cannot vote normally. They are also available to students living away from home, to people with disabilities, to prisoners (since January 2007), and to long-term residents of hospitals, nursing homes and other similar institutions. Israel does not have an absentee ballot system for all citizens. Absentee ballots are restricted to soldiers, prisoners, sailors, overseas diplomats, disabled persons and hospitalized people. The votes are not cast directly but placed in

2680-422: The 1970s, government officials became aware of the need for consistent procedures. To illustrate, several federally unrecognized tribes encountered obstacles in bringing land claims ; United States v. Washington (1974) was a court case that affirmed the fishing treaty rights of Washington tribes; and other tribes demanded that the U.S. government recognize aboriginal titles . All the above culminated in

2747-457: The 574th tribe to gain federal recognition on December 20, 2019. The website USA.gov , the federal government's official web portal, also maintains an updated list of tribal governments . Ancillary information present in former versions of this list but no longer contained in the current listing has been included here in italic print. The Federal Register

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2814-643: The AVC can be got by Polish or EU citizen, so the EU citizen can vote for Polish deputies at polling station in Poland and Polish embassies or consulates, or for deputies from the country of origin. Although, if the EU citizen registers himself in the Polish voters' register, the local officials informs appropriate office in the country of origin). In case of Senate by-elections, AVC may be issued only for voters living and registered in given single-member constituency . Postal voting and proxy voting are also possible. Postal voting

2881-642: The Burns Paiute Tribe. The tribe owns 13,736 acres (55.59 km) in acres in reservation and trust land, all of it in Harney County, Oregon. The tribe also holds about 10 acres (40,000 m) (the "Old Camp"), located about a half-mile west of Burns. The tribe also holds 71 scattered allotments about 25 miles (40 km) east of the Burns city limits. The tribe's reservation is the Burns Paiute Reservation and Trust Lands , also known as

2948-674: The Indonesian overseas election commission in their country of residence. Besides presidential elections, they are also able to vote in DPR elections. All overseas Indonesian voters are included in the Jakarta 2nd constituency, which also contains Central and South Jakarta. In the Republic of Ireland , postal votes are used in Seanad Éireann elections for the university constituencies and

3015-671: The People (Amendment) Bill-2010 which allows voting rights to NRI's was passed in both Lok Sabha with subsequent gazette notifications on Nov 24, 2010. With this NRI's could vote in Indian elections if physically present at the time of voting. Civic society organizations have urged the government to amend the RPA act to allow NRI's and people on the move to cast their vote through absentee ballot system. Eligible Indonesians living abroad are able to vote by mail in national elections by registering at

3082-710: The People Act-1950 (RPA) section 20(8) allows postal ballots for people on polling duty; members of the armed forces and state police as well as their spouses; employees of the Government of India who are officially posted abroad; and the President;, these are also called service voters . Additionally, people in preventive detention , disabled and those above the age of 65 years old can use postal vote. Prisoners can not vote at all. Postal voting in India

3149-638: The addition of six tribes in Virginia under the Thomasina E. Jordan Indian Tribes of Virginia Federal Recognition Act of 2017, signed in January 2018 after the annual list had been published. In July 2018 the United States' Federal Register issued an official list of 573 tribes that are Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs . The Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana became

3216-546: The anniversary of the date when the land held in trust for the tribe became a reservation. The Constitution and Bylaws of the Burns Paiute Colony was adopted on May 16, 1968. The Constitution and Bylaws created the General Council, a body consisting of all qualified voters (i.e., tribal members 18 years of age or older who live on the reservation or are absentee voters ). The General Council meets twice

3283-556: The ballot papers (or the means to produce ballot papers) applicable to an absentee voter. In a postal vote , the ballot papers are posted out to the voter – usually only on request – who must then fill them out and return them, often with the voter's signature and sometimes a witness signature to prove the voter's identity. Signature verification is an imperfect endeavor; the best academic researchers have 10-14% error rates. Some jurisdictions use special paper, ballot tracking , or printing to minimize forged ballots. All-postal voting

3350-671: The contiguous United States. Federally recognized tribes are those Native American tribes recognized by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs as holding a government-to-government relationship with the US federal government . For Alaska Native tribes, see list of Alaska Native tribal entities . In the United States , the Native American tribe is a fundamental unit of sovereign tribal government. As

3417-448: The opportunity to participate in elections. At first, postal voters had to state why they could not cast their vote in person on Election Day; but this requirement has been dropped in 2008, allowing everyone to use postal voting. Like in many other countries, in more recent years, voting by mail has become increasingly popular among younger and non-disabled citizens residing within the country; as such, various tools Archived 2021-03-10 at

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3484-461: The plan is for new designs to be available by 2023. In 2019 the Swiss government invited researchers to test the security of online voting, and in early March 2019 researchers found back doors which let insiders, and hackers who accessed management systems, change results without detection. Absentee balloting started in Thailand first time in the 2000 general election. It is promulgated according to

3551-573: The presidential election). In 2017, however, the system was dropped after the French National Cybersecurity Agency assessed an "extremely high risk" of cyberattacks in the wake of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections . Absentee voting has existed in Germany since 1957, originally in order to ensure that all German citizens, especially the old, sick, and disabled, and citizens living abroad, have

3618-540: The previous election to roughly 619,000. This number grew to roughly 660,000 in the 43rd election (2019) representing 3.6 percent of electors. Since 2005, Estonia has allowed voters to cast votes via the Internet (encrypted to protect voter anonymity); 2% of Estonians cast ballots via the Internet initially, and 44% did so in 2019. The Estonian Internet-voting system uses the Estonian national identity card , which

3685-532: The reservation; in 1992, 356 people were enrolled in the tribe. In 2008, there were 341 enrolled members of the tribe (about a third of whom lived on the reservation), making them the smallest federally recognized tribe in Oregon. According to the Oregon Blue Book (accessed in January 2016), there are 349 members of the tribe. The Burns Paiutes traditionally spoke the Northern Paiute language , which

3752-570: The right to vote by mail in all national elections and referendums being held in Italy (provided they had registered their residence abroad with their relevant consulate). In Malaysia , opposition leader and former deputy prime minister Anwar Ibrahim alleged that postal votes have been used by the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition in securing seats in certain constituencies. He also said that in one particular constituency (Setiawangsa), he claimed that his Parti Keadilan Rakyat had actually won during

3819-440: The right to vote. Public servants became eligible in 1970. The right was further extended to civilian support personnel on Canadian Forces bases in the 1977. In 1993, Bill C-114 extended the special ballot vote (Special Voting Rules) by mail to all Canadian citizens. Use of special voting rules including vote by mail has grown with each election. In the 42nd general election (2015), the number of voters increased by 117 percent over

3886-560: The submitted ballot to be maintained, and stipulate a series of checks to protect against voter fraud . Voting at a distant polling place is subject to the same controls as voting locally, though distant staff are less likely to recognize an impersonator than local staff. Voting by mail is sometimes controlled by using security printing , such as special paper, or by requiring signatures of voters and sometimes witnesses, though signature comparisons have 10-14% error rates. Thousands of ballots fail these checks and are rejected. Evidence of fraud

3953-537: The term "absentee ballot" refers specifically to the procedure used when a voter attends a voting place which is not in the electoral district in which they are registered to vote. Instead of marking the ballot paper and putting it in the ballot box, the voter's ballot paper is placed in an envelope and then it is sent by the voting official to the voter's home district to be counted there. Postal voting and early voting are separate procedures also available to voters who would not be in their registered electoral districts on

4020-466: The time of the elections. Vote by post is not available for voters residing in Finland. France allows voting by "procuration", which is literally proxy voting. It has been said access to it has been eased in regard to the coronavirus pandemic. In the 2012 French legislative election , French citizens living abroad were permitted to cast votes electronically in the parliamentary elections (but not in

4087-601: The tribe became the first Native American community to complete full weatherization and installation of energy-efficient lightbulbs in all reservation housing. For economic development, the Burns Paiute created the Old Camp Casino outside Burns. The facility was 17,000 square feet (1,600 m) in area and opened in 1998. It included a casino , the Sa-Wa-Be Restaurant, a bingo hall, an arcade,

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4154-414: The verifiability of a large number of voters, thus, transparency and integrity of the process", and expressed concerns with "instances of manipulation and malpractice" with postal ballots. Section 20 of the RPA-1950 disqualified non-resident Indians (NRI) from getting their names registered in the electoral rolls. Consequently, it also prevented non-residents from voting. In August 2010, Representation of

4221-496: The voter has been allocated. "Early voting", "proxy voting" or "postal voting" are separate concepts in these countries. The history of absentee voting dates back to the 19th century, and modern-day procedures and availability vary by jurisdiction. Absentee voting may be available on demand, or limited to individuals meeting certain criteria, such as a proven inability to travel to a designated polling place. Many electors are required to apply for absentee voting, although some may receive

4288-479: Was banned in the Netherlands in 2007, and in 2017 Dutch authorities also abandoned electronic vote counting, conducting an all-paper, all-manual vote count in an effort to block foreign interference in its elections. As provided by the Overseas Absentee Voting Act , absentee voting in Philippine elections is only available in certain circumstances, such as for Overseas Filipino Workers or other migrants. Votes must be cast in person at select polling places, such as

4355-400: Was done through the optical scan voting due to COMELEC Resolution No. 8806 in the 2010 general elections . Absentee voters can only vote for candidates elected by the entire electorate: the President , Vice President , senators , and party-list representatives . In Poland , each citizen registered in the local voters' register, can get an absentee voter's certificate (AVC), which

4422-476: Was one of the "triggers" for the double dissolution prior to the 1914 election . Postal voting was eventually restored by the Hughes government in 1918 and has not been challenged since, although the provisions and requirements have been amended on a number of occasions. Prior to Federation in 1901, Western Australia introduced a form of postal voting in 1877 with strict eligibility criteria. South Australia introduced postal voting for seamen in 1890, and

4489-518: Was recognized 32 years later in 2010. At a Senate Committee on Indian Affairs hearing, witnesses testified that the process was "broken, long, expensive, burdensome, intrusive, unfair, arbitrary and capricious, less than transparent, unpredictable, and subject to undue political influence and manipulation." The number of tribes increased to 567 in May 2016 with the inclusion of the Pamunkey tribe in Virginia who received their federal recognition in July 2015. The number of tribes increased to 573 with

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