159-675: Glasgow Clan (formerly Braehead Clan ) is a Scottish professional ice hockey team. It was formed in 2010 as the UK Elite Ice Hockey League expanded into the west of Scotland market, and are based at the Braehead Arena in Renfrewshire . It is one of three Scottish clubs playing in the top British league alongside Dundee Stars and the Fife Flyers . In July 2018, the team officially rebranded from
318-965: A referendum on devolution proposals in 1997 , the Scotland Act 1998 was passed by the British Parliament, which established a devolved Scottish Parliament and Scottish Government with responsibility for most laws specific to Scotland. The Scottish Parliament was reconvened in Edinburgh on 4 July 1999. The first to hold the office of first minister of Scotland was Donald Dewar , who served until his sudden death in 2000. The Scottish Parliament Building at Holyrood opened in October 2004 after lengthy construction delays and running over budget. The Scottish Parliament's form of proportional representation (the additional member system ) resulted in no one party having an overall majority for
477-655: A Community Interest Company. This means that it is a non-profit making organisation dedicated to providing services and facilities to the community in which it operates, that being, Hull, Humberside and the East Riding. For the 2007–08 season Rick Strachan once again decided to change his signing policy, this time ditching the Eastern European, and predominantly Ukrainian approach, by signing North Americans such as Bryce Thoma , Paul Cabana , Rob Rankin , Brad Patterson , Jake Riddle and Garry Luini . Once again
636-556: A bang, winning at home in the Challenge Cup against former coach Ryan Finnerty 's new team, Manchester Storm . In the coming few weeks Clan's form went up and down so a number of changes were made at playing level. The club introduced new captain Ville Hämäläinen , Brooks became an assistant captain alongside Craig Peacock and Ryan Potulny. Clan's form, however, maintained its stop-start nature and numerous defeats to
795-635: A distinctive Norse–Gaelic culture that saw many Old Norse loanwords enter the Scottish Gaelic spoken by islanders, and through successive generations the Norse would become almost completely assimilated into Gaelic culture and the Scottish clan system. After the conflict, Scotland had to affirm Norwegian sovereignty of the Northern Isles , but they were later integrated into Scotland in
954-575: A draw with English Premier League side Sheffield Steeldogs and impressive victories over Dutch sides Geleen Eaters and Tilburg Trappers in the P&;O Ferries Cup which saw them crowned champions. Just after Christmas, star forward, Jereme Tendler was suspended by the EIHL and UKDA after failing a drugs test following a game in Coventry. Tendler disputes the claim and is appealing however could be facing
1113-586: A dual contract with Solway Sharks and also Canadian/Italian defenseman Davide Nicoletti. It was announced, on 12 November, that Bobby Chaumont and Ryan Campbell had been released from the club with immediate effect. On 27 November the club announced that they had signed Czech defenceman Martin Tůma from Nottingham Panthers and also a major coup with the signing of former AHL star forward Jesse Schultz . This signing fell through, however, on 10 December. The club announced that Paul Gardner would not be returning to coach
1272-506: A free scoring run that saw Pitt and Beca eventually end up as the League's top point scorers and finish in the EIHL all-star second team. Scott Pitt would also go on to become Braehead Clan's all-time top point and goal scorer during the season surpassing previous record holder Jade Galbraith . However, an injury to Mike Hammond in a home game against Sheffield Steelers in a collision with former Clan player Zack Fitzgerald ruled him out for
1431-589: A full legal union be sought instead, a proposal to which the Scots Parliament would not assent, causing the king to withdraw the plan. Except for a short period under the Protectorate , Scotland remained a separate state in the 17th century, but there was considerable conflict between the crown and the Covenanters over the form of church government . The military was strengthened, allowing
1590-588: A letter addressed to Adolf Hitler that detailed his intentions to open peace negotiations with the British. Pintsch delivered the letter to Hitler at the Berghof around noon on 11 May. Albert Speer later said Hitler described Hess's departure as one of the worst personal blows of his life, as he considered it a personal betrayal. Hitler worried that his allies, Italy and Japan, would perceive Hess's act as an attempt by Hitler to secretly open peace negotiations with
1749-645: A line between the River Tyne and the Solway Firth . Along this line, Trajan's successor Hadrian ( r. 117–138 ) erected Hadrian's Wall in northern England and the Limes Britannicus became the northern border of the Roman Empire. The Roman influence on the southern part of the country was considerable, and they introduced Christianity to Scotland. The Antonine Wall
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#17327987576101908-654: A lot of the clan fans, pondering what could have been for the second season in a row. During the summer months Goaltender Chris Holt retired and was replaced by Swedish goalie Michal Zajkowski , Stefan Meyer and Neil Trimm also retired. Ben Davies left the club to try out in the ECHL with Norfolk Admirals , while Ric Jackman and Brendan Brooks made the move to Fife Flyers . Coach Ryan Finnerty brought in veteran Jeff Ulmer , Trevor Hendrikx, Lee Baldwin , Cody Carlson, Daniel Ahsberg , Corey Cowick , Kyle Wharton, Matt Beca and ex- NHL enforcer Jay Rosehill to kick off
2067-619: A new head coach. However, in July 2021, the Clan announced the appointment of experienced Canadian Malcolm Cameron as their new head coach and head of hockey operations. The Clan then released a statement confirming their intention to begin the 2021-22 Elite League season later than the rest of the league in November 2021. The club confirmed they would withdraw from the Challenge Cup for
2226-402: A number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations, such as Robert Louis Stevenson , Arthur Conan Doyle , J. M. Barrie and George MacDonald . Scotland also played a major part in the development of art and architecture. The Glasgow School , which developed in the late 19th century, and flourished in the early 20th century, produced a distinctive blend of influences including
2385-467: A population of 4.8 million in 1911, Scotland sent over half a million men to the war, of whom over a quarter died in combat or from disease, and 150,000 were seriously wounded. Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig was Britain's commander on the Western Front. The war saw the emergence of a radical movement called " Red Clydeside " led by militant trades unionists. Formerly a Liberal stronghold,
2544-613: A representative in the top-flight division of British Ice Hockey for the first time since the Humberside Hawks played in the Premier Division of the British Hockey League in the 1995–96 season. In the first four years of its life, the club was in the unique position of competing in all three of the country's senior leagues and it is a major achievement that Hull hockey has moved on and can now provide
2703-560: A strong British content including Slava Koulikov , and the Phillips brothers, hopes were high. A 'top four finish' was predicted by the coach but this turned out not to be ambitious enough. Stingrays were overtaken for second place in the last fortnight by Guildford and Newcastle, the team made the Winter Cup semi-finals and gained a play-off place. Amazingly it could have been even better had star defenceman Minard decided not to quit
2862-511: A top-level team. On 21 September, the sixth defender of Clan's roster was finally revealed, this was Finnish/Italian Pippo Limnell Finocchiaro. Finocchiaro was to depart the club without playing a game. On 10 October, it was announced that Drew Miller of the Detroit Red Wings would play for Braehead on a lockout contract during the 2012–13 NHL lockout . Following a shaky start to the season defensively, Clan signed Craig Mitchell on
3021-405: A wish to settle his family, who had moved around the world over the course of his playing career. On 29 July, the club announced former NHL player Drew Bannister as the new head coach for the 2011–12 season. On ice, Braehead finished 6th in the league, finishing just one point behind 4th and 5th place. They reached the quarter finals of the Challenge Cup and the play-offs, being knocked out by
3180-637: Is 30,977 square miles (80,231 km ) with a land area of 30,078 square miles (77,901 km ), comparable to the size of the Czech Republic . Scotland's only land border is with England, and runs for 96 miles (154 km) between the basin of the River Tweed on the east coast and the Solway Firth in the west. The Atlantic Ocean borders the west coast and the North Sea is to the east. The island of Ireland lies only 13 miles (21 km) from
3339-526: Is 96 miles (154 km) long and shared with England ; the country is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, the North Sea to the north-east and east, and the Irish Sea to the south. The population in 2022 was 5,439,842. Edinburgh is the capital and Glasgow is the largest of the cities of Scotland . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in
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#17327987576103498-521: Is hoped the partnership will provide Pirates players with a pathway to the Elite League. The Clan will also help Paisley's commercial and marketing teams. After the cancellation of the 2020–21 Elite League season due to the Coronavirus pandemic, and amid uncertainty about the future of Braehead Arena following the collapse of the rink's owner/operator Intu Properties , Glasgow delayed naming
3657-700: Is said to have invested in the Darien scheme . After another proposal from the English House of Lords was rejected in 1695, and a further Lords motion was voted down in the House of Commons in 1700, the Parliament of Scotland again rejected union in 1702. The failure of the Darien Scheme bankrupted the landowners who had invested, though not the burghs. Nevertheless, the nobles' bankruptcy, along with
3816-548: Is the highest tally for points the team has gained since becoming the Stingrays in 2003, beating the previous record of 39. The team also achieved in excess of .500 hockey in the period from Christmas to the end of the season, the first time it had done so over a sustained period. Shortly before the 2010–11 EIHL season was about to begin, club owners Mike and Sue Pack announced the team was to no longer operate due to financial issues. However, on 17 August 2010, only six days after
3975-525: Is typical of the north-west of Europe, although several of the larger mammals such as the lynx, brown bear, wolf, elk and walrus were hunted to extinction in historic times. There are important populations of seals and internationally significant nesting grounds for a variety of seabirds such as gannets . The golden eagle is something of a national icon. On the high mountain tops, species including ptarmigan , mountain hare and stoat can be seen in their white colour phase during winter months. Remnants of
4134-753: The Bruce dynasty and their long-term rivals of the House of Comyn and House of Balliol lasted until the middle of the 14th century. Although the Bruce faction was successful, David II's lack of an heir allowed his half-nephew Robert II , the Lord High Steward of Scotland , to come to the throne and establish the House of Stewart . The Stewarts ruled Scotland for the remainder of the Middle Ages . The country they ruled experienced greater prosperity from
4293-701: The Celtic Revival the Arts and Crafts movement , and Japonism , which found favour throughout the modern art world of continental Europe and helped define the Art Nouveau style. Proponents included architect and artist Charles Rennie Mackintosh . Scotland played a major role in the British effort in the First World War . It especially provided manpower, ships, machinery, fish and money. With
4452-590: The Community Charge (widely known as the Poll Tax) one year before the rest of Great Britain, contributed to a growing movement for Scottish control over domestic affairs. On 21 December 1988, Pan Am Flight 103 exploded mid–air over the town of Lockerbie , killing all on board as well as eleven Lockerbie residents. It remains the deadliest terrorist attack in the United Kingdom . Following
4611-706: The ECHL with the Victoria Salmon Kings , and in the AHL with Lake Erie Monsters . Bobby Chaumont was Richardson's next signing. The Canadian forward spent the previous two seasons in the CHL with the Mississippi RiverKings , scoring 48 points in 64 games in his last season with the club. After a dry spell in recent signings, Richardson announced his enforcer for the season, 25-year-old Cedrick Bernier. Bernier has racked up 548 penalty minutes in
4770-594: The Hebrides , which had been ruled by various Scottish clans following the death of Somerled in 1164. In 1266, Scotland fought the short but consequential Scottish-Norwegian War which saw the reclamation of the Hebrides after the strong defeat of King Haakon IV and his forces at the Battle of Largs . Up until that point, the Hebrides had been under Norwegian Viking control for roughly 400 years and had developed
4929-646: The Highland Boundary Fault , which runs from Arran to Stonehaven . This part of Scotland largely comprises ancient rocks from the Cambrian and Precambrian , which were uplifted during the later Caledonian orogeny . It is interspersed with igneous intrusions of a more recent age, remnants of which formed mountain massifs such as the Cairngorms and Skye Cuillins . In north-eastern mainland Scotland weathering of rock that occurred before
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5088-525: The House of Hanover from the British throne. The threat of the Jacobite movement to the United Kingdom and its monarchs effectively ended at the Battle of Culloden , Great Britain's last pitched battle . The passing of the Treaty of Union did not bring about immediate economic prosperity to Scotland as was widely speculated by the pamphleteer as a result of the little consideration given to prospects of
5247-564: The House of Stuart was resumed with the Restoration in Scotland in 1660. The Parliament of Scotland sought a commercial union with England in 1664; the proposal was rejected in 1668. In 1670 the Parliament of England rejected a proposed political union with Scotland. English proposals along the same lines were abandoned in 1674 and in 1685. The Scots Parliament rejected proposals for a political union with England in 1689. Jacobitism ,
5406-769: The Last Ice Age has shaped much of the landscape. A significant exception to the above are the fossil-bearing beds of Old Red Sandstones found principally along the Moray Firth coast. The Highlands are generally mountainous and the highest elevations in the British Isles are found here. Scotland has over 790 islands divided into four main groups: Shetland , Orkney , and the Inner Hebrides and Outer Hebrides . There are numerous bodies of freshwater including Loch Lomond and Loch Ness . Some parts of
5565-826: The Moscow region in Russia , and the Kamchatka Peninsula on the opposite side of Eurasia . Temperatures are generally lower than in the rest of the UK, with the temperature of −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) recorded at Braemar in the Grampian Mountains , on 11 February 1895, the coldest ever recorded anywhere in the UK. Winter maxima average 6 °C (43 °F) in the Lowlands, with summer maxima averaging 18 °C (64 °F). The highest temperature recorded
5724-533: The Northern Isles and Western Isles , where a lack of trees led to most structures being built of local stone. Evidence of sophisticated pre-Christian belief systems is demonstrated by sites such as the Callanish Stones on Lewis and the Maes Howe on Orkney , which were built in the third millennium BC. The first written reference to Scotland was in 320 BC by Greek sailor Pytheas , who called
5883-614: The Nottingham Panthers in both competitions. They had some stand out results, winning 4–1 in Belfast and 7–4 in Hull (with players out injured and back up netminder Mike Will in goal). Clan had a largely inconsistent season going on lengthy winning streaks beating top teams to bad losing streaks against teams nearer the bottom of the table. Braehead finished the season being the only EIHL team to have beaten and lost to each of
6042-533: The Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England , which rejected proposals from the Parliament of Ireland that the third kingdom be incorporated in the union. Andrew Fletcher , a prominent Scottish patriot, argued that the ratification of the treaty would see Scotland "more like a conquered province", and by 1713, the former Lord Chancellor of Scotland , James Ogilvy, 4th Earl of Findlater , who
6201-715: The River Tay , flows for a distance of 117 miles (188 km). The whole of Scotland was covered by ice sheets during the Pleistocene ice ages and the landscape is much affected by glaciation. From a geological perspective, the country has three main sub-divisions: the Highlands and Islands, the Central Lowlands, and the Southern Uplands. The Highlands and Islands lie to the north and west of
6360-413: The Roman Empire , was culturally divergent. Repeated glaciations, which covered the entire land mass of modern Scotland, destroyed any traces of human habitation that may have existed before the Mesolithic period . It is believed the first post-glacial groups of hunter-gatherers arrived in Scotland around 12,800 years ago, as the ice sheet retreated after the last glaciation . At the time, Scotland
6519-416: The Scots Confession , which signalled the Scottish Reformation 's sharp break from papal authority and Roman Catholic teaching. The Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, was forced to abdicate in 1567 . In 1603, James VI, King of Scots inherited the thrones of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Ireland in the Union of the Crowns , and moved to London. This was a personal union as despite having
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6678-454: The United Kingdom (green) Scotland ( Scots : Scotland ; Scottish Gaelic : Alba ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjacent islands , principally in the archipelagos of the Hebrides and the Northern Isles . To the south-east, Scotland has its only land border , which
6837-441: The Wars of Scottish Independence , until Robert the Bruce was crowned king of Scotland in 1306. Victory at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 proved the Scots had regained control of their kingdom. In 1320 the world's first documented declaration of independence, the Declaration of Arbroath , won the support of Pope John XXII , leading to the legal recognition of Scottish sovereignty by the English Crown. A civil war between
6996-428: The beaver and wild boar . Today, much of the remaining native Caledonian Forest lies within the Cairngorms National Park and remnants of the forest remain at 84 locations across Scotland. On the west coast, remnants of ancient Celtic Rainforest remain, particularly on the Taynish peninsula in Argyll , these forests are particularly rare due to high rates of deforestation throughout Scottish history. The flora of
7155-464: The glens in the Highlands, the Caledonians were again in revolt in 210–211 and these were overrun. To the Roman historians Tacitus and Cassius Dio , the Scottish Highlands and the area north of the River Forth was called Caledonia . According to Cassius Dio, the inhabitants of Caledonia were the Caledonians and the Maeatae . Other ancient authors used the adjective "Caledonian" to mean anywhere in northern or inland Britain, often mentioning
7314-471: The 14th century is now a crown dependency outside of the United Kingdom; the island groups Orkney and Shetland , which were acquired from Norway in 1472; and Berwick-upon-Tweed , lost to England in 1482 The geographical centre of Scotland lies a few miles from the village of Newtonmore in Badenoch . Rising to 4,413 feet (1,345 m) above sea level, Scotland's highest point is the summit of Ben Nevis , in Lochaber , while Scotland's longest river,
7473-401: The 15th century. Scandinavian culture in the form of the Norn language survived for a lot longer than in the Hebrides, and would strongly influence the local Scots dialect on Shetland and Orkney . Later, a system of feudalism was consolidated, with both Anglo-Norman incomers and native Gaelic chieftains being granted land in exchange for serving the king. The relationship with England
7632-642: The 1870s, and the Fortingall Yew may be 5,000 years old and is probably the oldest living thing in Europe. Although the number of native vascular plants is low by world standards, Scotland's substantial bryophyte flora is of global importance. Hull Stingrays Hull Stingrays were a British ice hockey club from Kingston upon Hull who was a member of the Elite Ice Hockey League from 2003 until 2015. They played their home games at Hull Arena . The Stingrays replaced previous clubs Humberside Seahawks (1988–1999) and Hull Thunder (1999–2003). On 10 August 2010, owners Mike & Sue Pack announced that
7791-414: The 2021-22 season and focus solely on their 54-game regular season and play-off push. In November 2021, the Clan announced their leadership group for the 2021-22 season, with Canadian forward Dyson Stevenson taking the 'C', and former captain Matt Haywood wearing the 'A', alongside defencemen Cody Sol and Mikko Vainonen . Scotland – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in
7950-561: The 9th century. In 1603, James VI succeeded to the thrones of England and Ireland , forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . On 1 May 1707, Scotland and England combined to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain , with the Parliament of Scotland subsumed into the Parliament of Great Britain . In 1999, a Scottish Parliament was re-established, and has devolved authority over many areas of domestic policy . The country has its own distinct legal system , education system and religious history , which have all contributed to
8109-452: The Aladdin cup, eventually winning in a penalty shootout. The club went from strength to strength as the months rolled on, sitting near or at the top of the Elite League for much of the season. The on ice rivalry with Fife Flyers exploded as heavyweight clashes between fighters Fitzgerald and Flyers' Matt Nickerson drew in record crowds with Braehead Arena regularly selling out. Power forward Leigh Salters and Captain Matt Keith became
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#17327987576108268-429: The BNL in order to join the premier EIHL. As this would leave the BNL with only five teams; and thus with little option but to fold, the Capitals and Vipers temporarily withdrew their applications so as to allow the remaining BNL teams to apply for EIHL status. However, terms could not be agreed between the EIHL and the remaining five BNL teams; leading the Capitals and Vipers to resubmit their original applications and join
8427-424: The Braehead Clan to the Glasgow Clan . Braehead Arena previously hosted the Scottish Eagles ice hockey team for a brief period at beginning of the 2002–03 ISL season following their relocation from Ayr . The Eagles disbanded in November 2002 due to financial troubles. When the Superleague ’s successor, the Elite Ice Hockey League was formed, initial plans included a new Glasgow-based team as being amongst
8586-422: The Braehead Clan. Bruce Richardson had spent the past two seasons as player/assistant coach for Elite League rivals, Nottingham Panthers . Richardson moved quickly to announce his first signings, three young British players who had previously played in the English Premier League : Sam Bullas, 19, who was trained in Nottingham and previously played for Swindon Wildcats ; Matthew Haywood, 19, from Sheffield , who
8745-469: The Brit duo of Tristan Harper from the Dundee Stars and Lee Esders, joining Finnerty from the Sheffield Steelers. Veteran forward Ed McGrane was announced as one of the Clan's major signings, along with the return of captain Ash Goldie. Two more returnees in the form of backup netminder Mike Will and defenceman Sam Zajac were announced. The final signing before the season began with announced as former Toronto Maple Leafs prospect Joel Champagne. Braehead finished
8904-493: The British. After 1945, Scotland's economic situation worsened due to overseas competition, inefficient industry, and industrial disputes. Only in recent decades has the country enjoyed something of a cultural and economic renaissance. Economic factors contributing to this recovery included a resurgent financial services industry, electronics manufacturing , (see Silicon Glen ), and the North Sea oil and gas industry. The introduction in 1989 by Margaret Thatcher's government of
9063-593: The Clan on a second sour note for the purple army. The club had reached the Champions Hockey League and were drawn against Swedish champions Vaxjo Lakers and German champions ERC Ingolstadt . Facing up against the best European hockey had to offer, the Clan finished third in the group, however pulled off an amazing result beating the German champions ERC Ingolstadt 6–4 at Braehead Arena . Recruitment saw fan favourites goaltender Kyle Jones and Chris Frank retire, Leigh Salters moved to Cardiff Devils and Zack Fitzgerald moved to Sheffield Steelers . Replacing them
9222-407: The Clan's back and signed for Attack without any regard to his current contract or without informing anybody at Braehead. Braehead announced that bench coach Frank Morris had signed for the following season on 12 June, revealing that he had already been working alongside GM Kirsty Longmuir to recruit new players. On 15 June, Braehead confirmed that Jordan Krestanovich would be the player/coach for
9381-408: The Coronavirus pandemic and Fitzgerald subsequently left his position as coach and Director of Hockey Operations after just a year in charge in April, commencing Glasgow's fourth coaching search in as many years. It was also announced in May 2020 that the Clan would commence a working relationship with Paisley Pirates to help sport in the west of Scotland. Both sides play out of Braehead Arena and it
9540-423: The EIHL; which ultimately resulted in the closure of the BNL. This led the Stingrays, along with fellow former BNL members Bracknell Bees and Guildford Flames , to move to the English Premier Ice Hockey League . The Stingrays embarked on what was the only viable option and a team was put together which we thought could be effective in that league. But with the work permit regulations ruling out re-engaging any of
9699-452: The Elite League. They beat every team in the league except for the Cardiff Devils at least once, including a spectacular 6–1 victory over the Nottingham Panthers in the final game of the regular season. In the playoff quarter-finals Stingrays were defeated by the Devils 8–4 on aggregate. The 2011–12 pre-season has seen the Stingrays get off to a promising start, beginning with a home victory and an away draw against owners Coventry Blaze ,
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#17327987576109858-399: The Elite League. Widely expected to provide one sided games, the reality was a little different and most of the games provided sporting contests worthy of the name. Although the Stingrays had to endure a couple of bad losses during this competition they also achieved memorable victories over Coventry, London and Sheffield at home, and also took the points off Cardiff on the road. Goalie Kudrna
10017-405: The Gardiner Conference to bitter rivals Fife Flyers and ending the regular season in 9th place, its lowest ever Elite League finish, and missing out on the EIHL playoffs for the first time in club history. As a result of these poor results Coach John Tripp was released from his contract after one-year in the role and the club would start a new rebuild year for the coming season. In July 2018
10176-475: The General Manager tasked with the job of marketing the new club to potential supporters. Rumours began circulating in late April that Calder had resigned from the Clan only two weeks after being announced as the player/coach for the new Elite league side. On 4 May, the Braehead Clan announced official confirmation of Calder's departure on their website. On 5 May, it was announced that Canadian forward Bruce Richardson would replace Adam Calder as player/coach of
10335-402: The Pictish language went extinct as its speakers shifted to Gaelic. From a base in eastern Scotland north of the River Forth and south of the River Spey , the kingdom expanded first southwards, into the former Northumbrian lands, and northwards into Moray . Around the turn of the millennium, there was a centralization in agricultural lands and the first towns began to be established. In
10494-416: The Roman victory, Roman forts were briefly set along the Gask Ridge close to the Highland line , but by three years after the battle, the Roman armies had withdrawn to the Southern Uplands . Remains of Roman forts established in the 1st century have been found as far north as the Moray Firth . By the reign of the Roman emperor Trajan ( r. 98–117 ), Roman control had lapsed to Britain south of
10653-405: The Scottish Enlightenment is traditionally considered to have concluded toward the end of the 18th century, disproportionately large Scottish contributions to British science and letters continued for another 50 years or more, thanks to such figures as the physicists James Clerk Maxwell and Lord Kelvin , and the engineers and inventors James Watt and William Murdoch , whose work was critical to
10812-423: The Scottish Parliament after the referendum, following cross-party talks in the Smith Commission . Since the 2014 referendum, events such as the UK leaving the European Union, despite a majority of voters in Scotland voting to remain a member, have led to calls for a second independence referendum . In 2022, the Lord Advocate Dorothy Bain argued the case for the Scottish Government to hold another referendum on
10971-401: The Scottish economy. Campaigners for the union between Scotland and England believed that there would be economic advantages to Scotland as a result of the failed Darien scheme which left the Kingdom of Scotland bankrupt. Eventually however, with trade tariffs with England abolished, trade blossomed, especially with Colonial America . The clippers belonging to the Glasgow Tobacco Lords were
11130-494: The Southern Uplands is Merrick with an elevation of 843 m (2,766 ft). The Southern Uplands is home to Scotland's highest village, Wanlockhead (430 m or 1,411 ft above sea level). The climate of most of Scotland is temperate and oceanic , and tends to be very changeable. As it is warmed by the Gulf Stream from the Atlantic, it has much milder winters (but cooler, wetter summers) than areas on similar latitudes, such as Labrador , southern Scandinavia ,
11289-446: The Stingrays failed to make a consistent impact on the league as they finished in 10th, and last place, 5 points behind 9th placed Basingstoke Bison . The Stingrays once again finished outside the playoffs in 2008–09, missing out on the post season by seven points, for the third year in a row. At the end of the season, Stingrays coach, Rick Strachan, was asked to step down. Stingrays co-owners Sue and Mike Pack cited financial reasons for
11448-537: The Ukrainian core of the previous team, the recruitment was going to be key. The season proved to be a tough one and although the club gained a cup-final spot after a memorable 16 shot penalty shoot out victory over the Guildford Flames the club failed to pick up the silverware after being edged out by Bracknell. A young British contingent struggled against some of the more experienced and mature squads and
11607-609: The arena being based next to the Braehead Shopping Mall, this gave the club good opportunity to further attract new supporters. The Braehead Clan fans are known as the Purple Army. After being formed early in 2010 the club announced that Adam Calder would become the first coach of the Braehead Clan taking up a player/coach role for the upcoming season. The club also announced that Kirsty Longmuir would be
11766-442: The army and navy, trade, economics, colonial enterprises and other areas across the nascent British Empire . Historian Neil Davidson notes "after 1746 there was an entirely new level of participation by Scots in political life, particularly outside Scotland." Davidson also states "far from being 'peripheral' to the British economy, Scotland – or more precisely, the Lowlands – lay at its core." The Scottish Reform Act 1832 increased
11925-468: The away leg and another 3–0 defeat during the home leg, knocking the Clan out in a 7–1 aggregate scoreline. The third year in a row Clan were eliminated from the play-offs by the lower seeded team. In April 2017, the club announced that Ryan Finnerty would not be returning following the disappointing end to the last campaign. Instead, new coach John Tripp was installed, joining from DEL2 side ETC Crimmitschau . The former German Olympic ice hockey player
12084-524: The bench to take the coaching job with German DEL2 side EHC Freiburg . Clan defenceman Zack Fitzgerald replaced Russell in May 2019 and took on his first coaching job in the process but, after a promising start to the season, including equalling a club-record eight consecutive wins, injuries took their toll and the form faded. The 2019–20 EIHL season was then brought to a premature close in March 2020 due to
12243-465: The campaign. Clan began in pre-season by playing Belfast Giants for the Intu Cup however lost out on winning the competition. After a poor start to the season, marquee forward Jeff Ulmer and defenceman Trevor Hendrikx were released from their contracts, replaced by Harry Quast and Mike Hammond. The switch seemed to turn Clan's fortunes around as the trio of Scott Pitt, Matt Beca and Mike Hammond began
12402-622: The central belt of the country. Perhaps the most significant air raid in Scotland was the Clydebank Blitz of March 1941, which intended to destroy naval shipbuilding in the area. 528 people were killed and 4,000 homes totally destroyed. Perhaps Scotland's most unusual wartime episode occurred in 1941 when Rudolf Hess flew to Renfrewshire, possibly intending to broker a peace deal through the Duke of Hamilton . Before his departure from Germany, Hess had given his adjutant, Karlheinz Pintsch ,
12561-405: The close season, Canadian born Mitch Maunu . The official Clan website described Maunu as a 'hard hitting defenseman'. The next signing was 31-year-old Canadian forward Ash Goldie. Krestanovich said when speaking of Goldie, "I expect big things from Ash this year. I truly believe he could lead the league in goals this year." The signing of former Fife Flyers goaltender, 23-year-old Garrett Zemlak
12720-423: The closure of the club was confirmed, a takeover by Elite League rivals Coventry Blaze was confirmed, enabling the team to take its place in the Elite League for the 2010–11 season. Despite their financial difficulties and a late start to the 2010–11 season (which resulted in the team having to play an unenviable 10 games in 20 days towards the end of the season) Stingrays managed a respectable 7th-place finish in
12879-699: The club announced on its official website that it has been placed into liquidation. The city has a long history of ice hockey, with the Seahawks , later named Hawks operating between 1988 and 1999, and were succeeded by the Thunder until 2003. The Stingrays were formed in 2003 replacing the Hull Thunder as members of the British National League . The new owners, Mike and Sue Pack along with Rick Strachan, who served as head coach through
13038-626: The club entered the next season in the BNL keen to apply the lessons learnt and to start to climb the ratings. Although still very much having to keep a close eye on the purse strings, the squad had a much stronger feel to it when the first puck dropped on the 2004–05 campaign. Coach Strachan brought in Scott Wray , Jeff Glowa , Craig Minard and Ladislav Kudrna in nets to join Alipov, Nikolaev, Burgess, Gomenyuk as his eight import contingent and with
13197-509: The club in November leaving a young British defence to be marshalled by Gomenyuk. Another blow followed when free-scoring Scott Wray had to return home for personal reasons. Not surprisingly the replacements proved not to be as effective and the team's form suffered. That season was memorable for the 'crossover' competition that pitched the British National League teams against their bigger spending, import heavy neighbours in
13356-483: The club rebranded to Glasgow Clan to reflect their proximity to the adjacent city, Glasgow . They appointed Great Britain and Milton Keynes Lightning coach Pete Russell as their new head coach and enjoyed a better season in the 2018–19 EIHL season , regaining the Gardner Conference title and finishing 4th in the overall standings. However, Russell would leave Glasgow in 2019 after one season behind
13515-472: The club was ceasing operations due to a lack of funds to complete the 2010–11 season, but a takeover by Elite League rivals Coventry Blaze was confirmed on 17 August 2010, enabling the team to take its place in the Elite League for the 2010–11 season. At the end of the 2011–12 season Coventry Blaze announced their intention to sell the Stingrays. The Coventry-based ownership accepted an offer from Stingrays' bench coach Bobby McEwan in May 2012. On 24 June 2015,
13674-456: The coastline consist of machair , a low-lying dune pasture land. The Central Lowlands is a rift valley mainly comprising Paleozoic formations. Many of these sediments have economic significance for it is here that the coal and iron-bearing rocks that fuelled Scotland's industrial revolution are found. This area has also experienced intense volcanism, Arthur's Seat in Edinburgh being
13833-402: The continuation of Scottish culture and national identity . Scottish English and Scots are the most widely spoken languages in the country , existing on a dialect continuum with each other. Scottish Gaelic speakers can be found all over Scotland, however the language is largely spoken natively by communities within the Hebrides . The number of Gaelic speakers numbers less than 2% of
13992-444: The country is varied incorporating both deciduous and coniferous woodland as well as moorland and tundra species. Large-scale commercial tree planting and management of upland moorland habitat for the grazing of sheep and field sport activities like deer stalking and driven grouse shooting impacts the distribution of indigenous plants and animals. The UK's tallest tree is a grand fir planted beside Loch Fyne , Argyll in
14151-471: The departure of Strachan, who was eventually replaced by Sylvain Cloutier on 9 April 2009. Rick Strachan remains a director of the club. Cloutier is backed up by former teammate Curtis Huppe as Assistant Coach, and both will continue playing. The Stingrays finished 8th in the 2009–10 Elite League season, gaining 43 points from 56 games, finishing only 3 points behind the 7th place Newcastle Vipers . This
14310-652: The end of the 14th century through the Scottish Renaissance to the Reformation , despite the effects of the Black Death in 1349 and increasing division between Highlands and Lowlands . Multiple truces reduced warfare on the southern border. The Treaty of Perpetual Peace was signed in 1502 by James IV of Scotland and Henry VII of England . James married Henry's daughter, Margaret Tudor . James invaded England in support of France under
14469-484: The end of the 2008–09 season, came with a promise of financial stability. The initial challenge for the club was to re-establish the belief that the Hull Arena could host a team playing professional hockey at all, following a previous history of failed attempts, some valiant and some best forgotten. Unfortunately the damage to the sport's credibility in the city was a burden that was not easily shaken off and some of
14628-497: The engine room for the club feeding the high flying scorers Scott Pitt, Neil Trimm and Stefan Meyer up top. Clan won the Gardiner Conference with relative ease and the focus of the season shifted towards the push for the first Elite League title. Unfortunately, it wasn't to be, as Clan missed out on top spot by a single point, ending the season on 72 points behind Sheffield Steelers ' 73. The silver-lining however
14787-725: The execution of the Scottish king at Whitehall in 1649, amid the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and its events in Scotland , Oliver Cromwell , the victorious Lord Protector , imposed the British Isles' first written constitution – the Instrument of Government – on Scotland in 1652 as part of the republican Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland . The Protectorate Parliament was the first Westminster parliament to include representatives nominally from Scotland. The monarchy of
14946-426: The family unit and had sharp divisions in wealth, although the vast majority were poor and worked full-time in subsistence agriculture . The Picts kept slaves (mostly captured in war) through the ninth century. Gaelic influence over Pictland and Northumbria was facilitated by the large number of Gaelic-speaking clerics working as missionaries. Operating in the sixth century on the island of Iona , Saint Columba
15105-431: The fans stayed away waiting for what they thought was the inevitable to happen. But the ownership were true to their word and a season was completed without any of the previous crises that had become common place. Stability was established and although success on the ice proved more elusive, as Rick Strachan said at the time "The bus is moving in the right direction." The team had very much an Eastern European feel to it and
15264-709: The fastest ships on the route to Virginia . Until the American War of Independence in 1776, Glasgow was the world's premier tobacco port, dominating world trade. The disparity between the wealth of the merchant classes of the Scottish Lowlands and the ancient clans of the Scottish Highlands grew, amplifying centuries of division. In the Highlands, clan chiefs gradually started to think of themselves more as commercial landlords than leaders of their people. These social and economic changes included
15423-669: The first phase of the Highland Clearances and, ultimately, the demise of clanship. The Scottish Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution turned Scotland into an intellectual, commercial and industrial powerhouse — so much so Voltaire said "We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilisation." With the demise of Jacobitism and the advent of the Union, thousands of Scots, mainly Lowlanders, took up numerous positions of power in politics, civil service,
15582-683: The first three Scottish parliament elections. The pro- independence Scottish National Party led by Alex Salmond achieved an overall majority in the 2011 election , winning 69 of the 129 seats available. The success of the SNP in achieving a majority in the Scottish Parliament paved the way for the September 2014 referendum on Scottish independence . The majority voted against the proposition, with 55% voting no to independence. More powers, particularly concerning taxation, were devolved to
15741-477: The following 2012–13 season. Krestanovich said, "I think the Clan has accomplished so much both on and off the ice in their short existence, but I think there is room for improvement and progression. The foundations are laid, and I look forward to building a team that will be competitive on the ice, but that will also be hungry to win." The first signing of the Krestanovich era was announced one week later and
15900-469: The founding clubs, but this never materialised. Following the 2008–09 season , the Elite League lost two teams with the resignations of the Basingstoke Bison and Manchester Phoenix , leaving the league with eight participating teams for the 2009–10 season . The Elite League subsequently announced the formation of the Braehead Clan as a ninth team from the 2010–11 season. The team's ownership
16059-477: The hands of rivals Fife Flyers saw the club at the wrong end of the league table and chasing Fife in the Gardiner Conference. In February the team's form did eventually hit its stride and a run of impressive wins saw a late comeback, but the damage was already done and defeats in the final weekend by Nottingham Panthers and Guildford Flames consolidated Clan to its worst ever season, missing out on
16218-414: The imposition of royal authority on the western Highland clans. The 1609 Statutes of Iona compelled the cultural integration of Hebridean clan leaders. In 1641 and again in 1643, the Parliament of Scotland unsuccessfully sought a union with England which was "federative" and not "incorporating", in which Scotland would retain a separate parliament. The issue of union split the parliament in 1648. After
16377-777: The industrial districts switched to Labour by 1922, with a base among the Irish Catholic working-class districts. Women were especially active in building neighbourhood solidarity on housing issues. The "Reds" operated within the Labour Party with little influence in Parliament and the mood changed to passive despair by the late 1920s. During the Second World War, Scotland was targeted by Nazi Germany largely due to its factories, shipyards, and coal mines. Cities such as Glasgow and Edinburgh were targeted by German bombers, as were smaller towns mostly located in
16536-628: The issue, with the Supreme Court later ruling against the argument. Following the Supreme Court decision, the Scottish Government stated that it wished to make amendments to the Scotland Act 1998 that would allow a referendum to be held in 2023. The mainland of Scotland comprises the northern third of the land mass of the island of Great Britain, which lies off the northwest coast of Continental Europe . The total area
16695-691: The later 4th century, which included the participation of the Gaelic Scoti and the Caledonians, who were then known as Picts by the Romans. This was defeated by the comes Theodosius ; but Roman military government was withdrawn from the island altogether by the early 5th century, resulting in the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain and the immigration of the Saxons to southeastern Scotland and
16854-683: The likes of Tiree and Coll are much flatter. Scotland comes from Scoti , the Latin name for the Gaels . Philip Freeman has speculated on the likelihood of a group of raiders adopting a name from an Indo-European root , * skot , citing the parallel in Greek skotos ( σκότος ), meaning "darkness, gloom". The Late Latin word Scotia ("land of the Gaels") was initially used to refer to Ireland, and likewise in early Old English Scotland
17013-598: The mid-table slot felt an under achievement following the previous years progress. The Packs were unhappy playing their team in the Premier League. Travelling costs were significant for the predominantly south-east based league and spectator numbers fell. After the end of the 2005–06 season, the Stingrays sought admission into the Elite Ice Hockey League . Their application was finally approved after weeks of speculation on 22 June 2006. Hull now have
17172-409: The most mountainous region of the British Isles and contain its highest peak, Ben Nevis , at 4,413 feet (1,345 m). The region also contains many lakes, called lochs ; the term is also applied to the many saltwater inlets along the country's deeply indented western coastline. The geography of the many islands is varied. Some, such as Mull and Skye , are noted for their mountainous terrain, while
17331-405: The native Scots pine forest exist and within these areas the Scottish crossbill , the UK's only endemic bird species and vertebrate , can be found alongside capercaillie , Scottish wildcat , red squirrel and pine marten . Various animals have been re-introduced, including the white-tailed eagle in 1975, the red kite in the 1980s, and there have been experimental projects involving
17490-412: The ninth century, the Norse threat allowed a Gael named Kenneth I (Cináed mac Ailpín) to seize power over Pictland, establishing a royal dynasty to which the modern monarchs trace their lineage, and marking the beginning of the end of Pictish culture. The kingdom of Cináed and his descendants, called Alba, was Gaelic in character but existed on the same area as Pictland. By the end of the tenth century,
17649-520: The northern tip of Britain "Orcas", the source of the name of the Orkney islands. Most of modern Scotland was not incorporated into the Roman Empire , and Roman control over parts of the area fluctuated over a rather short period. The first Roman incursion into Scotland was in 79 AD, when Agricola invaded Scotland; he defeated a Caledonian army at the Battle of Mons Graupius in 83 AD. After
17808-462: The number of Scottish MPs and widened the franchise to include more of the middle classes. From the mid-century, there were increasing calls for Home Rule for Scotland and the post of Secretary of State for Scotland was revived. Towards the end of the century prime ministers of Scottish descent included William Gladstone , and the Earl of Rosebery . In the late 19th century the growing importance of
17967-498: The other nine teams at least once. Early in the 2012 close season Clan announced the re-signing of Brits Matthew Haywood, Adam Walker , Sam Zajac and Kevin Phillips and also Canadian Brock McPherson. On 30 April 2012, Clan announced the signing of Scottish born forward Ryan Watt from EPL side Slough Jets . Back up British goaltender Mike Will was also re-signed for this season. On 14 May, Clan announced that Jordan Krestanovich would be coming back and retaining his role as captain of
18126-417: The pivotal last few weeks of the season. After a mixed start and end to the campaign Clan finished in the middle of the pack in 5th place, after going eight home games unbeaten, Clan beat Dundee Stars 4–1 at home to clinch a third Gardiner Conference in a row to round off the regular season. Clan again faced off against Dundee Stars in the play-off quarter finals but yet again suffered a shock 4–1 defeat in
18285-640: The political support for the exiled Catholic Stuart dynasty, remained a threat to the security of the British state under the Protestant House of Orange and the succeeding House of Hanover until the defeat of the Jacobite rising of 1745 . In 1698, the Company of Scotland attempted a project to secure a trading colony on the Isthmus of Panama . Almost every Scottish landowner who had money to spare
18444-595: The previous 4 seasons, playing in various leagues such as the SPHL , CHL , and ECHL . Richardson stated Bernier wanted to prove that he was "the toughest guy in the Elite League". He did not, breaking his hand in a fight early in the season, returning for a few games before going out with an injury again. A mutual decision was then reached that he was to be let go from the club. On 1 July, the Clan announced that Derek Patrosso would not be joining Braehead team for their first season, and instead would stay in his native America for
18603-499: The previous two seasons with Port Huron Icehawks in the International Hockey League . The following day it was announced that the Clan had signed two more British players: defenceman John Connolly, 19, from Scottish rivals Edinburgh Capitals ; and forward Shaun Thompson, 22, who split the previous season with Elite League side Hull Stingrays and English Premier League's Basingstoke Bison . Mathieu Wathier
18762-568: The region's people and animals, its cold climate, its pearls, and a noteworthy region of wooded hills ( Latin : saltus ) which the 2nd century AD Roman philosopher Ptolemy , in his Geography , described as being south-west of the Beauly Firth . The name Caledonia is echoed in the place names of Dunkeld , Rohallion , and Schiehallion . The Great Conspiracy constituted a seemingly coordinated invasion against Roman rule in Britain in
18921-577: The remnant of a once much larger volcano. This area is relatively low-lying, although even here hills such as the Ochils and Campsie Fells are rarely far from view. The Southern Uplands is a range of hills almost 125 miles (200 km) long, interspersed with broad valleys. They lie south of a second fault line (the Southern Uplands fault) that runs from Girvan to Dunbar . The geological foundations largely comprise Silurian deposits laid down some 400 to 500 million years ago. The high point of
19080-523: The rest of eastern Great Britain. Beginning in the sixth century, the area that is now Scotland was divided into three areas: Pictland , a patchwork of small lordships in central Scotland; the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria , which had conquered southeastern Scotland; and Dál Riata , which included territory in western Scotland and northern Ireland, and spread Gaelic language and culture into Scotland. These societies were based on
19239-467: The same monarch the kingdoms retained their separate parliaments, laws and other institutions. The first Union Jack was designed at James's behest, to be flown in addition to the St Andrew's Cross on Scots vessels at sea. James VI and I intended to create a single kingdom of Great Britain, but was thwarted in his attempt to do so by the Parliament of England , which supported the wrecking proposal that
19398-555: The season in 5th place in the league, but failed to retain the Gardiner Conference championship which they had won in the previous season, losing out to Scottish rivals Dundee Stars. The Clan however made history a couple weeks later by beating the Nottingham Panthers 9–1 on aggregate in the quarter-final of the Elite League play-offs, to become the first Scottish team ever to make the Rapid Solicitors Elite League Playoff Finals. They finished
19557-593: The season in a 3–2 loss to eventual Play-off champions the Sheffield Steelers in the semi-final. Clan kicked off season 2014–15 with wholesale changes to the roster, ex-Chicago Blackhawks player Matt Keith stepped into the role of team Captain from the departing Ash Goldie and new faces Zack Fitzgerald , Stefan Meyer , Scott Pitt, Jamie Fritsch , Derek Roehl and Leigh Salters joined up with exciting imports Kyle Jones, Chris Frank, Scott Aarssen and Neil Trimm . The team faced Italian champions Asiago for
19716-500: The season. Joining from North America were physical forwards Jacob Doty, Tyler Shattock and defenseman Landon Oslanski. The Clan began the season with a busy pre-season schedule which saw them win a new Scottish Cup competition against Fife Flyers , Dundee Stars and Edinburgh Capitals , while also playing stand-alone pre-season games against Lowen Frankfurt and the University of Manitoba Bisons. Clan's season started off with
19875-610: The south-western peninsula of Kintyre ; Norway is 190 miles (305 km) to the northeast and the Faroe Islands , 168 miles (270 km) to the north. The territorial extent of Scotland is generally that established by the 1237 Treaty of York between Scotland and the Kingdom of England and the 1266 Treaty of Perth between Scotland and Norway. Important exceptions include the Isle of Man , which having been lost to England in
20034-501: The supporter with a view of the best Ice Hockey teams and the best players in the land. The Stingrays had a tough start to their life in the EIHL as they fought to the death for a playoff place, eventually finishing 9th as their decision to opt with a mix of their old Eastern European style with several Canadians ultimately did not pay off. In 2007 Lifetime Sports Ltd , the Hull Stingrays parent company, established itself as
20193-497: The team and his successor Ryan Finnerty was confirmed as the new head coach of the Braehead Clan, joining the team from the Sheffield Steelers . Matt Haywood was announced as a returnee from the season before as well as Aiden Fulton and Craig Mitchell signing on full-time deals. Chris Frank and Shane Lust were confirmed as new signings, along with Kevin Bergin as a player/assistant coach. Finnerty continued to bring in players such as
20352-527: The team. All these signings were made despite having not yet revealed the coach for the 2012–13 season. On 16 May, Braehead announced that Drew Bannister would also be re-signing for his second season as player/coach, news that many Clan fans had been hoping for. However, on 1 June, Owen Sound Attack of the OHL announced that they had hired Drew Bannister as Assistant Coach for the forthcoming season, news that angered many Clan fans as they felt he had gone behind
20511-485: The technological developments of the Industrial Revolution throughout Britain. In literature, the most successful figure of the mid-19th century was Walter Scott . His first prose work, Waverley in 1814, is often called the first historical novel. It launched a highly successful career that probably more than any other helped define and popularise Scottish cultural identity. In the late 19th century,
20670-805: The terms of the Auld Alliance and became the last monarch in Great Britain to die in battle, at Flodden in 1513. The war with England during the minority years of Mary, Queen of Scots between 1543 and 1551 is known as the Rough Wooing . In 1560, the Treaty of Edinburgh brought an end to the Siege of Leith and recognized the Protestant Elizabeth I as Queen of England. The Parliament of Scotland met and immediately adopted
20829-681: The threat of an English invasion, played a leading role in convincing the Scots elite to back a union with England. On 22 July 1706, the Treaty of Union was agreed between representatives of the Scots Parliament and the Parliament of England . The following year, twin Acts of Union were passed by both parliaments to create the united Kingdom of Great Britain with effect from 1 May 1707 with popular opposition and anti-union riots in Edinburgh , Glasgow , and elsewhere. The union also created
20988-599: The total population, though state-sponsored revitalisation attempts have led to a growing community of second language speakers. The mainland of Scotland is broadly divided into three regions: the Highlands , a mountainous region in the north and north-west; the Lowlands , a flatter plain across the centre of the country; and the Southern Uplands , a hilly region along the southern border. The Highlands are
21147-694: The twelfth and thirteenth centuries, much of Scotland was under the control of a single ruler. Initially, Gaelic culture predominated, but immigrants from France, England and Flanders steadily created a more diverse society, with the Gaelic language starting to be replaced by Scots; and a modern nation-state emerged from this. At the end of this period, war against England started the growth of a Scottish national consciousness . David I (1124–1153) and his successors centralised royal power and united mainland Scotland, capturing regions such as Moray, Galloway , and Caithness , although he could not extend his power over
21306-570: The upcoming season. Positive news followed, with the club announcing they had agreed terms with Brendan Cook, 27, a teammate of Bruce Richardson at the Nottingham Panthers during the 2008–09 season, where he scored 70 points in 54 games (30 goals and 40 assists). Cody Bostock, 26, was the next import announced by the club. The Canadian defenseman previously played for Odense Bulldogs in the Danish Oddset Ligaen , and
21465-418: The wettest, with annual rainfall in a few places exceeding 3,000 mm (120 in). In comparison, much of lowland Scotland receives less than 800 mm (31 in) annually. Heavy snowfall is not common in the lowlands, but becomes more common with altitude. Braemar has an average of 59 snow days per year, while many coastal areas average fewer than 10 days of lying snow per year. Scotland's wildlife
21624-513: The whole of Great Britain was forestalled by Roman forces becoming bogged down in punishing guerrilla warfare and the death of the senior emperor Septimius Severus ( r. 193–211 ) at Eboracum ( York ) after he was taken ill while on campaign. Although forts erected by the Roman army in the Severan campaign were placed near those established by Agricola and were clustered at the mouths of
21783-488: The wooden sailing vessels of both the merchant fleets and the battle fleets of the world. It became the world's pre-eminent shipbuilding centre. The industrial developments, while they brought work and wealth, were so rapid that housing, town planning, and provision for public health did not keep pace with them, and for a time living conditions in some of the towns and cities were notoriously bad, with overcrowding, high infant mortality, and growing rates of tuberculosis. While
21942-500: The working classes was marked by Keir Hardie 's success in the Mid Lanarkshire by-election, 1888 , leading to the foundation of the Scottish Labour Party , which was absorbed into the Independent Labour Party in 1895, with Hardie as its first leader. Glasgow became one of the largest cities in the world and known as "the Second City of the Empire " after London. After 1860, the Clydeside shipyards specialised in steamships made of iron (after 1870, made of steel), which rapidly replaced
22101-461: Was 35.1 °C (95.2 °F) at Floors Castle , Scottish Borders on 19 July 2022. The west of Scotland is usually warmer than the east, owing to the influence of Atlantic ocean currents and the colder surface temperatures of the North Sea . Tiree , in the Inner Hebrides, is one of the sunniest places in the country: it had more than 300 hours of sunshine in May 1975. Rainfall varies widely across Scotland. The western highlands of Scotland are
22260-445: Was a prominent supporter for the Treaty of Union between Scotland and England had changed his position on the treaty, and unsuccessfully advocated for the treaty to be reversed. The deposed Jacobite Stuart claimants had remained popular in the Highlands and north-east, particularly among non- Presbyterians , including Roman Catholics and Episcopalian Protestants . Two major Jacobite risings launched in 1715 and 1745 failed to remove
22419-455: Was announced as consisting of several of the Elite League's existing team owners, including Nottingham ’s Neil Black. The club began marketing the team through the creation of the 'Braehearts', these were female supporters who would promote the team at events and in the community, wearing specially created 'Braehearts' jerseys similar to those of the team's home jerseys. The club also held open days which were designed to attract new support. With
22578-462: Was brought in by Richardson to "solidify" the club's defensive core. In June 2011, Bruce Richardson unexpectedly resigned from the club, after being offered a coaching post near his family home in Canada. Since joining the Clan, Richardson had always made clear his intention to progress his coaching as far as possible, and had received advice that to become an established coach in North American leagues would mean building experience there. He also stated
22737-446: Was built from 142 at the order of Hadrian's successor Antoninus Pius ( r. 138–161 ), defending the Roman part of Scotland from the unadministered part of the island, north of a line between the Firth of Clyde and the Firth of Forth . The Roman invasion of Caledonia 208–210 was undertaken by emperors of the imperial Severan dynasty in response to the breaking of a treaty by the Caledonians in 197, but permanent conquest of
22896-438: Was captained by local idol, Stephen Johnson , tempted back from a threatened retirement for one last season. Alongside him the Ukrainian contingent included a guy who made a huge impact for his never say die attitude and innovative use of the six words of English that he had mastered, fans favourite Evgeny Alipov – 'Big Al'. So the foundation was in place and with the first objective of stability secured and confidence building,
23055-490: Was complex during this period: Scottish kings tried several times, sometimes with success, to exploit English political turmoil, followed by the longest period of peace between Scotland and England in the mediaeval period: from 1217–1296. The death of Alexander III in March 1286 broke the succession line of Scotland's kings. Edward I of England arbitrated between various claimants for the Scottish crown. In return for surrendering Scotland's nominal independence, John Balliol
23214-429: Was covered in forests, had more bog-land, and the main form of transport was by water. These settlers began building the first known permanent houses on Scottish soil around 9,500 years ago, and the first villages around 6,000 years ago. The well-preserved village of Skara Brae on the mainland of Orkney dates from this period. Neolithic habitation, burial, and ritual sites are particularly common and well preserved in
23373-424: Was ended after injury's to key forwards Matt Keith and Scott Pitt. Chris Bruton was traded to Coventry Blaze mid-season for former Clan player Neil Trimm but the Clan couldn't regain their form. The Gardiner conference was again won and Clan finished in third place in the Elite League . Another shock exit in the play-offs again in over-time, this time to bitter rivals Fife Flyers . A disappointing season for
23532-429: Was next for Braehead, having spent the previous season playing for Laredo Bucks - his signing was announced on 6 August. The signing of young Brit forward Robert Farmer was announced after his move to Kazakhstan from Coventry Blaze did not work out. Young Brits Aidan Fulton and goaltender Gary Russell were signed on dual contracts with Solway Sharks in hope to give the two experience of regular games and playing with
23691-461: Was none other than fan favourite Jade Galbraith who had scored an EIHL record 101 points during the previous season. Galbraith re-signed as player/assistant coach to Krestanovich. The following Monday it was revealed that 33-year-old Canadian forward Ryan Campbell would return for his third season with Braehead and become the first signing of the Krestanovich/Galbraith era. That same week Clan revealed they had signed their first import defenseman of
23850-442: Was often the hero and his performances gained him a place, with Gomenyuk on the BNL All-star team. The crossover competition was planned to be a potential precursor to a closer relationship between the two leagues but, in fact, the reality was far from that – 2004–05 season proved to be the last for the British National League. Following the culmination of the season; Edinburgh Capitals and Newcastle Vipers decided to resign from
24009-399: Was one of the earliest and best-known missionaries. The Vikings began to raid Scotland in the eighth century. Although the raiders sought slaves and luxury items, their main motivation was to acquire land. The oldest Norse settlements were in northwest Scotland, but they eventually conquered many areas along the coast. Old Norse entirely displaced Pictish in the Northern Isles . In
24168-424: Was pronounced king in 1292. In 1294, Balliol and other Scottish lords refused Edward's demands to serve in his army against the French. Scotland and France sealed a treaty on 23 October 1295, known as the Auld Alliance . War ensued, and John was deposed by Edward who took personal control of Scotland. Andrew Moray and William Wallace initially emerged as the principal leaders of the resistance to English rule in
24327-422: Was qualification to the Champions Hockey League , secured after a 3–2 win away in Kirkcaldy against rivals Fife Flyers in the final game of the regular season. Clan were eliminated in the play-off quarter finals by Hull Stingrays in an upset, haven taken a lead into the second leg, Hull took the final game to overtime and scored the overtime winner to end what should have been an otherwise marvellous season for
24486-402: Was revealed on 13 July. The final forward of Braehead's 2012–13 season roster was to be Canadian Bobby Chaumont, who had played for Clan in their debut 2010–11 season before moving on to America for one season to play for Fort Wayne Komets . After a summer of rumours linking Steve Birnstill to Clan, the American defenseman signing was finally announced on 27 July. Canadian defenseman Matt Hanson
24645-420: Was the Clans next signing, a 6 ft 1 tall defenceman from, Les Coteaux, Quebec, who had spent the last two years playing in the French Ligue Magnus . Player/Coach Bruce Richardson described the signing saying Wathier would be "solid defensively, a leader, and strong on the penalty kill". Richardson's next signing was ex-teammate Tim Wedderburn, a 28-year-old defenseman who played the previous season in both
24804-407: Was the incoming ex- Stanley cup winning NHL defenceman Ric Jackman , KHL all-star Goaltender Chris Holt , Memorial Cup winner Chris Bruton and Kelly Cup and DEL2 winner Alex Leavitt . Another successful season looked possible for the Clan, however injuries began to play a part. The club lost goalie Chris Holt to injury and brought in Travis Fullerton in as cover, a long unbeaten streak
24963-414: Was the leading goalscorer for Sheffield Scimitars during the 2009–10 season; and Adam Walker , 23, who spent the previous four seasons with Manchester Phoenix . Richardson's fourth signing would be another key British player, Kevin Phillips, 24, who spent the previous season with the play-off winning Belfast Giants . On 19 May, the Clan announced Derek Patrosso as their first import signing. He spent
25122-410: Was to take charge in what would be his first full season as an ice hockey coach. Former player Brendan Brooks was announced to join John as an assistant coach and team captain, returning to the Clan from rivals, Fife Flyers . Using his knowledge of the Germany hockey league's John Tripp recruited some familiar faces in Cameron Burt, Tyler Scofield, Ryan Nie and former NHL player Ryan Potulny to begin
25281-399: Was used for Ireland. By the 11th century at the latest, Scotia was being used to refer to (Gaelic-speaking) Scotland north of the River Forth , alongside Albania or Albany , both derived from the Gaelic Alba . The use of the words Scots and Scotland to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the Late Middle Ages . Prehistoric Scotland , before the arrival of
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