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69-540: Gracie Barra (GB) is a Brazilian jiu-jitsu academy and team co-funded in 1986 by Carlos Gracie Jr. , a son of Carlos Gracie , one of the founders of Brazilian jiu-jitsu . The Gracie Barra academy was established in 1986 by Carlos Gracie Jr. (known as Carlinhos) at the Barra da Tijuca neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro . Gracie, a son of Carlos Gracie Sr. one of the founders of Brazilian jiu-jitsu , had been head coach at

138-445: A gi or as a stand-alone garment for training in various grappling sports and mixed martial arts (MMA). The potential, but not proven, benefits for this include: In most cases, Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) and MMA rash guards are thinner than traditional rash guards meant for surfing or diving. They also do not offer UV protection. Over the years MMA rash guards evolved and most have the following distinct features: enforced stitching;

207-440: A gi uniform or not which is known as 'no-gi BJJ', for this purpose rash guards are used. The International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation (IBJJF) is the main governing body of the martial art, establishing the rules and general guidelines, as well as promoting competitions and training of referees. BJJ can also be used as a method of promoting physical fitness, building character, and as a way of life. Mitsuyo Maeda , one of

276-459: A body triangle by crossing one shin across the waist like a belt then placing the back of the opposing knee over the instep as if finishing a triangle choke. Simultaneously, the upper body is controlled by wrapping the arms around the chest or neck of the opponent. This position is often used to apply chokeholds , as well as arm bars and triangles, and neutralizes an opponent's potential size or strength advantage. The North South position occurs when

345-503: A gel panel on the bottom of the rash guard to keep it from rolling up while sparring; fewer stitches, and a mix of 80% polyester and 20% spandex. They also carry unique designs, usually martial arts–centered but not strictly. In competition, BJJ athletes are allowed to wear rash guards with long or short sleeves. Some organizations and promotions, like IBJJF, require the participants to wear a solid color - usually black, or black with at least 10% of their belt color. Other organizations allow

414-424: A particular philosophy about the nature of combat developed by Kano, and further refined by Maeda based on his worldwide travels competing against fighters skilled in a wide variety of martial arts. The book details Maeda's theory as arguing that physical combat could be broken down into distinct phases, such as the striking phase, the grappling phase, the ground phase, etc. Thus, it was a smart fighter's task to keep

483-571: A person is surrounded by a circle of other students who will attempt to attack the defending student, who in turn must defend themselves using techniques. Brazilian jiu-jitsu gyms typically follow a set of ground rules to instill trust, respect, and cleanliness amongst students. Common practices include: Once on the ground, the BJJ practitioner strives to take a dominant or controlling position from where to apply submissions. These positions provide different submission or transition options. In side control,

552-425: A practitioner is lying on their back on the ground and their opponent is lying on top, with the head over the chest area and controlling the bottom practitioner's arms. As with most top controlling positions in BJJ, the top practitioner applies pressure by bringing their hips downwards towards the ground, generating what is referred to as dead weight . There are several submissions and transitions that are possible from

621-466: A rash guard include flatlock stitching and multi-panel construction. Flatlock stitching creates a seam where the seam allowances lies flat to the garment instead of hanging loose from it. It is made by adjusting the overlock or the thread overedge stitch. Flatlock stitching increases the strength of the garment for intense exercise or recreational activities. Multi-panel construction and different material for separate body parts sewn together in panels allow

690-446: A smaller, weaker person can successfully defend themselves against a bigger, stronger opponent by using leverage and weight distribution, taking the fight to the ground and using a number of holds and submissions to defeat them. Sparring , commonly referred to as "rolling" within the BJJ community, and live drilling plays a major role in the practitioner's development. In contrast to some other martial arts BJJ can be practiced both using

759-423: A spectator sport, and to improve safety. Several of these rule changes de-emphasized the groundwork aspects of judo, and others have reduced the range of joint locks application. Brazilian jiu-jitsu since its inception did not strictly follow kodokan judo rules, this divergence helped BJJ develop a distinct identity becoming a groundwork and submission focus fighting style. This difference was later consolidated with

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828-465: A travelling Japanese judoka, Mitsuyo Maeda , in 1917. Later on the Gracie family developed their own self-defense system which they named Gracie Jiu-Jitsu . BJJ eventually came to be its own defined combat sport through the innovations, practices, and adaptation of Gracie jiu-jitsu and judo , and has become one of the essential martial arts for modern MMA . BJJ revolves around the concept that

897-405: Is a compression lock , where the muscle of an opponent is compressed against a hard, large bone (commonly the shin or wrist), causing significant pain to the opponent. These types of locks are not usually allowed in competition due to the high risk of tearing muscle tissue. This type of lock also often hyper-extends the joint in the opposite direction, pulling it apart. Some compression locks include

966-446: Is a modified side pin that is distinctly separated from the side control position. The knee on belly position is characterized primarily by the control of the opponent with one leg out for base and balance and the other leg positioned across the opponent's torso pinning them to the ground. This form of pin is a mobile pin rather than a static pin and is considered a more dominant position in many grappling formats. The knee on belly position

1035-413: Is a requirement. Recently with the growing popularity of "no-gi" Brazilian jiu-jitsu has the practice of giving out belts to no-gi practitioners (e.g., Rolles Gracie awarding Rashad Evans a black belt) has become more common. Rash guard A rash guard shirt is usually worn by itself when surfing in weather too warm for a wetsuit to prevent chafing from sliding on and off of the waxed surface of

1104-493: Is comfortable and yet gives sun protection. Even though the name generally applies to water sports, people use swim shirts for an array of activities: swimming, boating , golfing , tennis , gardening , playing in the sprinklers, water parks , beach trips, pool play, rivers and lakes, water skiing , surfing, snow skiing , sledding , skimboarding , in mixed martial arts and Brazilian jiu-jitsu, and even as normal everyday clothing. Many practitioners wear rash guards underneath

1173-472: Is commonly referred to as gi or kimono is similar to a judogi , but with slight differences in the dimensions and often made of lighter material with tighter cuffs on the pants and jacket. This allows the practitioner to benefit from a closer fit, providing less material for an opponent to manipulate. Traditionally, to be promoted in Brazilian jiu-jitsu, the wearing of the jiu-jitsu gi while training

1242-423: Is often not used properly and some have skin allergies or sensitivities to chemicals in sunscreens. Children's skin can be especially sensitive to the sun and sunscreens. Many children, and parents, find it is much easier to put on a swim shirt as it is loose and easily slipped on. There are also zip front rash guards available which makes slipping in and out of them even easier, especially when wet. Furthermore, it

1311-419: Is primarily a ground-based fighting style and focuses on taking one's opponent down to the ground, gaining a dominant position, and using a number of techniques to force them into submission via joint locks , chokeholds , or compression locks . Brazilian jiu-jitsu was first developed around 1925 by Brazilian brothers Carlos , Oswaldo, Gastão Jr., and Hélio Gracie , after Carlos was taught Kodokan judo by

1380-749: Is sometimes referred to as Gracie jiu-jitsu (GJJ), a name trademarked by Rorion Gracie , but after a legal dispute with his cousin Carley Gracie , his trademark to the name was voided. Other members of the Gracie family often call their style by personalized names, such as Ceaser Gracie Jiu-Jitsu or Renzo Gracie Jiu-Jitsu, and similarly, the Machado family call their style Machado Jiu-Jitsu (MJJ). While each style and its instructors have their own unique aspects, they are all basic variations of Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Brazilian jiu-jitsu shares many techniques with

1449-473: Is the term selected by Professor Kano as describing his system more accurately than jiu-jitsu does. Professor Kano is one of the leading educators of Japan, and it is natural that he should cast about for the technical word that would most accurately describe his system. But the Japanese people generally still cling to the more popular nomenclature and call it jiu-jitsu. Outside Japan, however, this distinction

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1518-647: Is used for light coverage in warm weather for many other watersports including surfing , canoe polo , scuba diving , snorkeling , freediving , wakeboarding , bodysurfing , bodyboarding , windsurfing , kitesurfing , kayaking , stand up paddle surfing , or swimming . There are also lower body rash guards, which are similar to compression shorts to be worn under the surfers' boardshorts , but more specialized for surfers. Rash guards are thought to have originated in Australia , where they are commonly referred to as "rashies" or "rashys". Important features of

1587-406: Is worth additional points because it provides a greater striking platform than traditional side control and is closer to achieving the more ideal mounted position. In the mount (or full mount) position, the practitioner sits astride the opponent's front torso or chest, controlling the opponent with his bodyweight and hips. In the strongest form of this position, the practitioner works his knees into

1656-461: The Achilles lock , Biceps slicer , and Leg slicer (or Calf slicer). While many joint locks are permitted in BJJ, most competitions ban or restrict some or all joint locks that involve the knees, ankles, and spine. The reason for this is that the angles of manipulation required to cause pain are nearly the same as those that would cause serious injury. Joint locks that require a twisting motion of

1725-641: The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) in 1993. Jiu-jitsu came to international prominence in martial arts circles when Brazilian jiu-jitsu expert Royce Gracie won the first , second and fourth Ultimate Fighting Championships, which at the time were single elimination martial arts tournaments. Royce fought successfully against several larger opponents proficient in other fighting styles, including boxing , shootfighting , Muay Thai , karate , wrestling , and taekwondo . BJJ has since become an elementary aspect of MMA , revealing

1794-476: The Butterfly Guard, De La Riva Guard, X-Guard, K-Guard, Rubber guard , Spider Guard, Octopus Guard, Lapel Guard, Worm Guard (made popular by Keenan Cornelius ) and others. Butterfly guard is when the bottom grappler brings his legs up and feet together against the inner thighs of top opponent. The name is derived from the resulting butterfly wing shape. Butterfly guard increases both space to maneuver and

1863-605: The Closed Guard, Half Guard , and Open Guard. In closed guard, the bottom grappler has his legs around the opponent's hips, with ankles closed together to control their opponent. The closed guard can be an effective position. This guard allows many setups for submissions such as joint locks and chokes, as well as sweeps. In the open guard, the legs are not hooked together and the bottom grappler uses his legs or feet to push or pull their opponent. There are many variations of open guard with distinct names and positioning including

1932-578: The Gracies went to the United States and spread jiu-jitsu, they used the terms "Gracie jiu-jitsu" and non-Gracies using the term "Brazilian jiu-jitsu" to differentiate from the already present styles using similar-sounding names. In a 1994 interview with Yoshinori Nishi, Hélio Gracie said that he did not even know the word judo itself until the sport came in the 1950s to Brazil, because he heard that Mitsuyo Maeda called his style "jiu-jitsu". The art

2001-543: The Kodokan's top groundwork experts trained by Tomita Tsunejirō , the first student of judo's founder Kano Jigoro , was sent overseas to demonstrate and spread his art to the world. He left Japan in 1904 and visited several countries giving "jiu-do" demonstrations and accepting challenges from wrestlers , boxers , savate fighters, and various other martial artists, and arrived in Brazil on 14 November 1914. Gastão Gracie

2070-556: The North South position, most commonly the North South choke, North South kimura , and others. When in the "Guard" position, the practitioner is on their back controlling an opponent with his legs. The bottom practitioner pushes and pulls with the legs or feet to unbalance and limit the movements of his opponent. This position allows practitioners a wide variety of counter-attacks from the bottom position, including submissions and sweeps. The three most common types of guards include

2139-457: The West; the modern Hepburn romanization of 柔術 is "jūjutsu". When Maeda left Japan, judo was still often referred to as "Kano jiu-jitsu", or, even more generically, simply as jiu-jitsu . Higashi, the co-author of The Complete Kano Jiu-Jitsu (Judo) wrote in the foreword: Some confusion has arisen over the employment of the term 'jiudo'. To make the matter clear I will state that jiudo

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2208-417: The ability to counter the opponent with the shins or arches of the feet against the competitor's inner thighs. Spider guard is when the bottom grappler puts one or two of his feet on his opponents arms, this guard is effective at keeping control on the bottom and can be used to set up sweeps or submissions. In the half guard, one of the top grappler's legs is controlled by the bottom grappler's legs, preventing

2277-498: The best in the world, winning the World Championship multiple times. In 2002 Gracie Barra competition team members won 8 gold medals in the men's black belt division. In 2005, with the assistance of Marcio Feitosa , Gracie moved the team's headquarters to Irvine California , United States. In 2010 Gracie Barra created the instructors' certification program. Gracie Barra has graduated more than 500 black belts all over

2346-414: The body position, which will force the joint to move past its normal range of motion. Pressure is increased in a controlled manner and released if the opponent cannot escape the hold and signals defeat by tapping . A choke hold can disrupt the blood supply to the brain and cause unconsciousness if the opponent does not tap when required. See also Compression lock A less common type of submission hold

2415-444: The chokes that are used put pressure on the carotid arteries, and may also apply pressure to the nerve baroreceptors in the neck. This kind of choke is very fast acting (if done properly) with victims typically losing consciousness in around 3–5 seconds. In contrast, an air choke (involving constriction of the windpipe ) can take up to two minutes, depending on how long the person can hold their breath, and may cause serious damage to

2484-418: The consumer market, but are growing in popularity. They are generally more loose fitting and casually worn. Their primary purpose is to offer an alternative to sunscreen to protect the wearer's skin from the sun's UV radiation and possible skin cancer . Many swim shirts carry a UPF rating of 50+, which blocks out over 98% of the sun's harmful rays. Many people find that sunscreen isn't always enough because it

2553-462: The creation of a new set of rules that guide BJJ practice today. Even though BJJ uses and allows many of the techniques found in judo and jujutsu, the evolution of these techniques in BJJ has followed a distinct path, giving primary emphasis to ground fighting positions and maneuvers, and having the guard as the central working point of the fight. This is reflected on how different fighting techniques are scored in competition. In BJJ positions such as

2622-616: The effort made in a competition. Training methods include drills in which techniques are practiced against a non-resisting and resisting partners; isolation sparring (commonly referred to as positional drilling) where only a certain technique or sets of techniques are used; and full sparring where each practitioner tries to submit their opponent through technique. Physical conditioning is also an important aspect of training. The Gracie family lineage descended from Helio Gracie focuses on practical applications of BJJ that apply primarily to self-defense. They will often run development drills in which

2691-423: The events is that his younger sibling Hélio Gracie gradually developed Gracie jiu-jitsu as a softer, pragmatic adaptation that focused more on the ground fighting and leverages aspect of jiu-jitsu/judo ( ne-waza ) rather than the throws, as he was unable to perform many judo throws, due to his size, that required direct opposition to an opponent's strength. Although the Gracie family is typically recognized as

2760-527: The fight located in the phase of combat best suited to his own strengths. Renzo Gracie stated that this was a fundamental influence of the Gracie approach to combat. These strategies were further developed over time by the Gracie family, among others, and became prominent in contemporary MMA. Brazilian jiu-jitsu is mainly differentiated from other martial arts by its greater emphasis on ground fighting. BJJ places less emphasis on standing techniques, such as striking and throws , although takedowns score points and

2829-477: The first allows no-gi practice and competition, with its own subset of rules. Use of holds and takedowns from wrestling and other grappling styles is common in no-gi BJJ, and strikes may also be used when the competition rules permit, such as the open palm strike in CJJ ( Combat jiu-jitsu ). In 1972, Carlos Gracie moved to the United States to teach jiu-jitsu, and in 1978 was followed by Rorion Gracie , who co-founded

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2898-453: The ground in order to neutralize possible strength or size advantages through ground fighting techniques and submission holds involving joint-locks and chokeholds . On the ground, physical strength can be offset or enhanced through proper grappling techniques. BJJ employs a wide range of takedown techniques to bring an opponent to the ground such as " pulling guard ", which is not used in other combat sports such as judo or wrestling. Once

2967-606: The guard player's left leg hooking the passer's right leg), thereby compromising the passer's balance. This outside hook is what distinguishes the DLR Guard from other open guards. The De La Riva Guard is pivotal in modern jiu-jitsu, serving as a foundation for many advanced guard techniques developed since its introduction. [1] Wrestling (freestyle, Greco-Roman, American folkstyle/collegiate, and others) are having an impact on technique in Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Whereas BJJ focuses on positional points and submissions, wrestling focuses on

3036-461: The half guard position is the "deep half guard", which involves the bottom grappler positioning themselves underneath their opponent, grabbing the top grappler's thigh. This gives the individual on the bottom the opportunity to sweep their opponent, and end up on a more dominant, top position. This position was popularized by American BJJ Black Belt, Jeff Glover . The De La Riva Guard (DLR) is an open guard technique in Brazilian jiu-jitsu, named after

3105-619: The importance of ground fighting in a fight. Sport BJJ tournaments continue to grow in popularity and have given rise to no-gi submission grappling tournaments, such as the ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship and NAGA , the North American Grappling Association. Sport BJJ has also become a popular method of fitness around the world in recent years. Brazilian jiu-jitsu focuses on getting an opponent to

3174-449: The knee (such as heel hooks) are usually banned in gi competitions because successfully completing the move can frequently result in permanent damage, often requiring surgery. Similarly, joint manipulations of the spine are typically barred due to the inherent danger of crushing or misaligning cervical vertebrae . Leglocks are allowed in varying degrees depending on skill level, with the most prominent BJJ tournaments typically allowing only

3243-405: The legs or dragging the opponent to the ground. Spinal locks and cervical locks are not allowed in gi jiu-jitsu, amateur MMA, multiple forms of no-gi jiu-jitsu, Judo, and other martial arts, due to potential to cause serious bodily injury. BJJ also has become more "sports-oriented" in recent years, prohibiting techniques such as slams. Another divergence of BJJ from judo and jujutsu is that

3312-572: The main Gracie academy in Downtown Rio de Janeiro, before leading his brother Rolls Gracie 's school in Copacabana , following his tragic death in a hang-gliding accident. The academy became known as Gracie Barra in reference to the neighborhood. In a year the academy went from 20 to 200 members including some of the students Gracie had coached at his brother's academy, such as Jean Jacques Machado and Renzo Gracie . The team became one of

3381-867: The main family to first promote Brazilian jiu-jitsu as it is known today, there was also another prominent lineage derived from Maeda via another Brazilian disciple, Luiz França . This lineage had been represented particularly by Oswaldo Fadda . Fadda and his students were famous for defeating the Gracies in a gym battle and by the influential use of footlocks , the lineage still survives through Fadda's links in teams such as Nova União and Grappling Fight Team . Besides França's and Fadda's lineage, there are four other main BJJ branches in Brazil: Gracie Humaitá, Gracie Barra , Carlson Gracie Jiu-Jitsu, and Alliance Jiu Jitsu . Each branch traces its roots back to Mitsuyo Maeda . The name "jiu-jitsu" derives from an older romanization of its original spelling in

3450-430: The opponent is left with no other option but to tap, be injured, or choked. Renzo Gracie wrote in his book Mastering JUJITSU : "The classical jujutsu of old Japan appeared to have no common strategy to guide a combatant over the course of a fight. Indeed, this was one of Kano's most fundamental and perceptive criticisms of the classical program." Maeda not only taught the art of judo to Carlos Gracie , but also taught

3519-409: The opponent is on the ground, a number of manoeuvres (and counter-manoeuvres) are available to manipulate the opponent into a suitable position for the application of a submission technique. Achieving a dominant position on the ground is one of the hallmarks of BJJ, which includes effective use of the guard position to defend oneself from bottom (using both submissions and sweeps, with sweeps leading to

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3588-452: The opponent's armpits to reduce arm movements and ability to move or counter submission attempts. Full Mount can be used to apply a variety of submissions including armlocks or chokes. When taking the back mount position (often known in Brazilian jiu-jitsu as the back grab or attacking the back ), the practitioner attaches to the back of the opponent by wrapping his legs around and hooking the opponent's thighs with their heel, or locking in

3657-526: The original Kodokan judo , especially certain styles practiced before judo became part of the Olympics such as Kosen judo , and still practiced to a lesser extent, as well as with the earlier ryu school of jujutsu. Because of this some practitioners have suggested that Brazilian jiu-jitsu should just be called "jiu-jitsu". Certain changes were made to the rules of judo after it was introduced to Brazil. Some of these rule changes sought to enhance it as

3726-413: The possibility of dominant position or an opportunity to pass the guard), and passing the guard to dominate from top position with side control , mount , and back mount positions. This system of manoeuvring and manipulation can be likened to a form of kinetic or physical chess when executed by two experienced practitioners. A submission hold in BJJ is often likened to the equivalent of "checkmate", where

3795-403: The practitioner pins his opponent to the ground from the side of their torso. The top grappler lies across the opponent with weight applied to the opponent's chest. The opponent may be further controlled by pressure on either side of the shoulders and hips from the practitioner's elbows, shoulders, and knees. A wide variety of submissions can be initiated from side control. It is also referred to as

3864-571: The rear mount receive a higher score, and the focus of the fight is to establish a dominant position against the adversary on the ground and submit them using chokeholds or joint locks. By contrast in judo, throwing techniques are scored higher and can give a direct victory if executed correctly, the goal of the fight is to sweep or throw the opponent to the ground to win. BJJ also allows heelhooks and knee-reaping which are prohibited in judo, and any takedowns used in wrestling, sambo, or other grappling arts, including direct attempts to take down by touching

3933-416: The renowned competitor Ricardo De La Riva. While not an entirely new concept in grappling, as it had origins in nonatei style judo credited to Oda Tsunetane, it gained prominence through De La Riva's use. In Brazilian jiu-jitsu, the DLR Guard is identified when a competitor lies on their back, controlling their opponent with open legs. This position is defined by one leg hooking outside the opponent's leg (e.g.,

4002-420: The rules allows for a diverse range of techniques such as single , double leg takedowns , or foot sweeps . Some BJJ practitioners also cross train with wrestling , judo, and sambo . As BJJ focuses on submissions, sparring and live drilling ("rolling") become the most essential part of the training regime. This type of training allows practitioners to practice at full speed and with full strength, resembling

4071-410: The shoulder pin. Wrestling techniques such as single leg and double leg take downs, pins, and attacks on turtle guard have made their way into competitive BJJ, particularly as no-gi competitions have gained popularity. The majority of submission holds can be grouped into two broad categories: joint locks and chokes . Joint locks typically involve isolating an opponent's limb and creating a lever with

4140-611: The side mount and "cem quilos" (a hundred kilograms) in Brazilian Portuguese. Additionally, the typical side mount increases opportunity for the top grappler to advance to other dominant positions. This position is often used in MMA as it allows the top fighter to strike whilst overcoming their opponents defense. There are many variants of the side control position, including kesa gatame , standard side control, reverse side control, and other positions. The knee on belly position

4209-418: The straight ankle lock and muscle stretching submissions such as the "banana split" from white through purple belt, with the kneebar, toehold, and calf slicer submissions being permitted at brown and black belt. Heel hooks and knee-reaping are illegal in gi BJJ, since they are considered to be exceptionally dangerous techniques, but are allowed by IBJJF rules in no-gi competitions. Most joint locks involving

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4278-500: The surf board. A surfboard's wax holds sand from the beach that can rub against a surfer while paddling out to the break, or legs while sitting atop one's board. Rash guards also offer some protection from the sun (measured by its Ultraviolet Protection Factor ) and slight protection against jellyfish stings and are sometimes worn under wetsuits to prevent chafing . A rash guard helps to prevent irritation caused by rapid impact with surface water and waves as well. A rash guard by itself

4347-400: The throat. Chokes include rear-naked choke , bow and arrow choke , triangle , Guillotine choke, sleeve choke (or Ezekiel choke), cross collar choke (or X choke), baseball choke , Clock choke, D'Arce choke, Anaconda choke, Arm triangle choke , north–south choke, crucifix choke, gogoplata , loop choke, lapel half nelson choke , and others. The Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner's uniform

4416-444: The top opponent from passing side control or full mount positions. There is also a variant of half guard called "50/50 guard", which consist of each opponent usually in sitting positions with one of their legs hooking the same leg of their opponent in a mirrored fashion. This position is called 50/50 because neither opponent has a distinct advantage, where both sides have the same possibilities of sweeps and attacks. Another variation of

4485-410: The user increased mobility wet or dry versus the conventional tee shirt construction. The combination of products used to construct a rash guard differ slightly depending on the designer. The use of nylon and spandex create a garment that is lightweight, quick drying, flexible, durable, naturally antibacterial and water wicking. Some variations include the following: Swim shirts are relatively new to

4554-682: The world. Gracie Barra CompNet (Competition Network) are tournaments held between GB schools with rules based on the IBJJF , the first CompNet tournament was held in June 2008 at the Gracie Barra Headquarters. Brazilian jiu-jitsu Brazilian jiu-jitsu ( Portuguese : jiu-jitsu brasileiro [ʒiw ˈʒitsu bɾaziˈlejɾu, ʒu -] ), often abbreviated to BJJ , is a self-defense martial art and combat sport based on grappling , ground fighting , and submission holds . It

4623-405: The wrist, elbow, shoulder or ankle are permitted as there is a great deal more flexibility in those joints and those locks are usually safe. Joint locks include armbars, kimuras, Americanas, straight-arm lock, omoplata, marceloplata, banana split (or electric chair), twister, wrist lock, heel hook, toehold, kneebar, straight ankle lock, and others. Chokes are common forms of submission. In BJJ,

4692-615: Was a business partner of the American Circus in Belém . In 1916, Italian Argentine circus Queirolo Brothers staged shows there and presented Maeda. In 1917 Gastão's eldest son Carlos Gracie watched a demonstration of ‘Kano jiu-jitsu’ (judo's common name at the time) by Maeda at the Da Paz Theatre and decided he wanted to learn. Maeda accepted him as a pupil at his school overseen by Jacintho Ferro. Gracie's account of

4761-481: Was noted even less. Thus, when Maeda and Satake arrived in Brazil in 1914, every newspaper announced their art as being "jiu-jitsu", despite both men being Kodokan judoka. It was not until 1925 that the Japanese government itself officially mandated that the correct name for the martial art taught in the Japanese public schools should be "judo" rather than "jujutsu". In Brazil, the art is still called "jiu-jitsu". When

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